1
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Winter S, Götze KS, Hecker JS, Metzeler KH, Guezguez B, Woods K, Medyouf H, Schäffer A, Schmitz M, Wehner R, Glauche I, Roeder I, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC, Platzbecker U. Clonal hematopoiesis and its impact on the aging osteo-hematopoietic niche. Leukemia 2024; 38:936-946. [PMID: 38514772 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) defines a premalignant state predominantly found in older persons that increases the risk of developing hematologic malignancies and age-related inflammatory diseases. However, the risk for malignant transformation or non-malignant disorders is variable and difficult to predict, and defining the clinical relevance of specific candidate driver mutations in individual carriers has proved to be challenging. In addition to the cell-intrinsic mechanisms, mutant cells rely on and alter cell-extrinsic factors from the bone marrow (BM) niche, which complicates the prediction of a mutant cell's fate in a shifting pre-malignant microenvironment. Therefore, identifying the insidious and potentially broad impact of driver mutations on supportive niches and immune function in CH aims to understand the subtle differences that enable driver mutations to yield different clinical outcomes. Here, we review the changes in the aging BM niche and the emerging evidence supporting the concept that CH can progressively alter components of the local BM microenvironment. These alterations may have profound implications for the functionality of the osteo-hematopoietic niche and overall bone health, consequently fostering a conducive environment for the continued development and progression of CH. We also provide an overview of the latest technology developments to study the spatiotemporal dependencies in the CH BM niche, ideally in the context of longitudinal studies following CH over time. Finally, we discuss aspects of CH carrier management in clinical practice, based on work from our group and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina S Götze
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- German MDS Study Group (D-MDS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Judith S Hecker
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus H Metzeler
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, Hemostaseology and Infectious Disease, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kevin Woods
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hind Medyouf
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Schäffer
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingmar Glauche
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingo Roeder
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, and Center for Healthy Aging, University Medical Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, and Center for Healthy Aging, University Medical Center, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), CHOICE Consortium, Partner Sites Dresden/Munich/Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- German MDS Study Group (D-MDS), Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, Hemostaseology and Infectious Disease, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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2
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Sohl J, Hartmann AK, Hahlbrock J, Bartneck J, Stassen M, Klein M, Bros M, Grabbe S, Marini F, Woods K, Guezguez B, Mack M, Schild H, Muth S, Melchior F, Probst HC, Langguth P, Radsak MP. Author Correction: Dithranol as novel co-adjuvant for non-invasive dermal vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:94. [PMID: 37349361 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Sohl
- IIIrd Department of Medicine - Hematology & Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Mainz Research School of Translational Biomedicine (TransMed), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hartmann
- IIIrd Department of Medicine - Hematology & Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hahlbrock
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joschka Bartneck
- IIIrd Department of Medicine - Hematology & Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Stassen
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kevin Woods
- IIIrd Department of Medicine - Hematology & Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- IIIrd Department of Medicine - Hematology & Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Muth
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Felix Melchior
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus P Radsak
- IIIrd Department of Medicine - Hematology & Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
- Mainz Research School of Translational Biomedicine (TransMed), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
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3
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Sasca D, Guezguez B, Kühn MWM. Next generation epigenetic modulators to target myeloid neoplasms. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:356-363. [PMID: 34267079 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Comprehensive sequencing studies aimed at determining the genetic landscape of myeloid neoplasms have identified epigenetic regulators to be among the most commonly mutated genes. Detailed studies have also revealed a number of epigenetic vulnerabilities. The purpose of this review is to outline these vulnerabilities and to discuss the new generation of drugs that exploit them. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to deoxyribonucleic acid-methylation, novel epigenetic dependencies have recently been discovered in various myeloid neoplasms and many of them can be targeted pharmacologically. These include not only chromatin writers, readers, and erasers but also chromatin movers that shift nucleosomes to allow access for transcription. Inhibitors of protein-protein interactions represent a novel promising class of drugs that allow disassembly of oncogenic multiprotein complexes. SUMMARY An improved understanding of disease-specific epigenetic vulnerabilities has led to the development of second-generation mechanism-based epigenetic drugs against myeloid neoplasms. Many of these drugs have been introduced into clinical trials and synergistic drug combination regimens have been shown to enhance efficacy and potentially prevent drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sasca
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael W M Kühn
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz
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Guezguez B. Editorial: the new age of clinical research in clonal hematopoiesis and myeloid malignancies. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:345-346. [PMID: 34261881 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Woods K, Guezguez B. Dynamic Changes of the Bone Marrow Niche: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Progeny During Aging and Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714716. [PMID: 34447754 PMCID: PMC8383146 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogenous cell population found in a wide range of tissues in the body, known for their nutrient-producing and immunomodulatory functions. In the bone marrow (BM), these MSCs are critical for the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) that are responsible for daily blood production and functional immunity throughout an entire organism's lifespan. Alongside other stromal cells, MSCs form a specialized microenvironment BM tissue called "niche" that tightly controls HSC self-renewal and differentiation. In addition, MSCs are crucial players in maintaining bone integrity and supply of hormonal nutrients due to their capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes which also contribute to cellular composition of the BM niche. However, MSCs are known to encompass a large heterogenous cell population that remains elusive and poorly defined. In this review, we focus on deciphering the BM-MSC biology through recent advances in single-cell identification of hierarchical subsets with distinct functionalities and transcriptional profiles. We also discuss the contribution of MSCs and their osteo-adipo progeny in modulating the complex direct cell-to-cell or indirect soluble factors-mediated interactions of the BM HSC niche during homeostasis, aging and myeloid malignancies. Lastly, we examine the therapeutic potential of MSCs for rejuvenation and anti-tumor remedy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Woods
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Legscha KJ, Antunes Ferreira E, Chamoun A, Lang A, Awwad MHS, Ton GNHQ, Galetzka D, Guezguez B, Hundemer M, Bourdon JC, Munder M, Theobald M, Echchannaoui H. Δ133p53α enhances metabolic and cellular fitness of TCR-engineered T cells and promotes superior antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001846. [PMID: 34112738 PMCID: PMC8194333 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor microenvironment-associated T cell senescence is a key limiting factor for durable effective cancer immunotherapy. A few studies have demonstrated the critical role of the tumor suppressor TP53-derived p53 isoforms in cellular senescence process of non-immune cells. However, their role in lymphocytes, in particular tumor-antigen (TA) specific T cells remain largely unexplored. Methods Human T cells from peripheral blood were retrovirally engineered to coexpress a TA-specific T cell receptor and the Δ133p53α-isoform, and characterized for their cellular phenotype, metabolic profile and effector functions. Results Phenotypic analysis of Δ133p53α-modified T cells revealed a marked reduction of the T-cell inhibitory molecules (ie, CD160 and TIGIT), a lower frequency of senescent-like CD57+ and CD160+ CD8+ T cell populations, and an increased number of less differentiated CD28+ T cells. Consistently, we demonstrated changes in the cellular metabolic program toward a quiescent T cell state. On a functional level, Δ133p53α-expressing T cells acquired a long-term proliferative capacity, showed superior cytokine secretion and enhanced tumor-specific killing in vitro and in mouse tumor model. Finally, we demonstrated the capacity of Δ133p53α to restore the antitumor response of senescent T cells isolated from multiple myeloma patients. Conclusion This study uncovered a broad effect of Δ133p53α isoform in regulating T lymphocyte function. Enhancing fitness and effector functions of senescent T cells by modulation of p53 isoforms could be exploited for future translational research to improve cancer immunotherapy and immunosenescence-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jan Legscha
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edite Antunes Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonios Chamoun
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Lang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Munder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hakim Echchannaoui
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Dingwall S, Lee JB, Guezguez B, Fiebig A, McNicol J, Boreham D, Collins TJ, Bhatia M. Neoplastic human embryonic stem cells as a model of radiation resistance of human cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22258-69. [PMID: 26082437 PMCID: PMC4673161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have implicated that a small sub-population of cells within a tumour, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), have an enhanced capacity for tumour formation in multiple cancers and may be responsible for recurrence of the disease after treatment, including radiation. Although comparisons have been made between CSCs and bulk-tumour, the more important comparison with respect to therapy is between tumour-sustaining CSC versus normal stem cells that maintain the healthy tissue. However, the absence of normal known counterparts for many CSCs has made it difficult to compare the radiation responses of CSCs with the normal stem cells required for post-radiotherapy tissue regeneration and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that transformed human embryonic stem cells (t-hESCs), showing features of neoplastic progression produce tumours resistant to radiation relative to their normal counterpart upon injection into immune compromised mice. We reveal that t-hESCs have a reduced capacity for radiation induced cell death via apoptosis and exhibit altered cell cycle arrest relative to hESCs in vitro. t-hESCs have an increased expression of BclXL in comparison to their normal counterparts and re-sensitization of t-hESCs to radiation upon addition of BH3-only mimetic ABT737, suggesting that overexpression of BclXL underpins t-hESC radiation insensitivity. Using this novel discovery platform to investigate radiation resistance in human CSCs, our study indicates that chemotherapy targeting Bcl2-family members may prove to be an adjuvant to radiotherapy capable of targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Dingwall
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Aline Fiebig
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jamie McNicol
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Douglas Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,David Braley Human Stem Cell Screening Facility, McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mick Bhatia
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,David Braley Human Stem Cell Screening Facility, McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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8
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Guezguez B, Almakadi M, Benoit YD, Shapovalova Z, Rahmig S, Fiebig-Comyn A, Casado FL, Tanasijevic B, Bresolin S, Masetti R, Doble BW, Bhatia M. GSK3 Deficiencies in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Initiate Pre-neoplastic State that Is Predictive of Clinical Outcomes of Human Acute Leukemia. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:61-74. [PMID: 26766591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Initial pathway alternations required for pathogenesis of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are poorly understood. Here we reveal that removal of glycogen synthase kinase-3α (GSK-3α) and GSK-3β dependency leads to aggressive AML. Although GSK-3α deletion alone has no effect, GSK-3β deletion in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) resulted in a pre-neoplastic state consistent with human myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Transcriptome and functional studies reveal that each GSK-3β and GSK-3α uniquely contributes to AML by affecting Wnt/Akt/mTOR signaling and metabolism, respectively. The molecular signature of HSCs deleted for GSK-3β provided a prognostic tool for disease progression and survival of MDS patients. Our study reveals that GSK-3α- and GSK-3β-regulated pathways can be responsible for stepwise transition to MDS and subsequent AML, thereby providing potential therapeutic targets of disease evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mohammed Almakadi
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Zoya Shapovalova
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Susann Rahmig
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Aline Fiebig-Comyn
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Fanny L Casado
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Borko Tanasijevic
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bradley W Doble
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MDCL 5029, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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9
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Kushwah R, Guezguez B, Lee JB, Hopkins CI, Bhatia M. Pleiotropic roles of Notch signaling in normal, malignant, and developmental hematopoiesis in the human. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:1128-38. [PMID: 25252682 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201438842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved across species and plays an important role in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. It has been implicated in several different hematopoietic processes including early hematopoietic development as well as adult hematological malignancies in humans. This review focuses on recent developments in understanding the role of Notch signaling in the human hematopoietic system with an emphasis on hematopoietic initiation from human pluripotent stem cells and regulation within the bone marrow. Based on recent insights, we summarize potential strategies for treatment of human hematological malignancies toward the concept of targeting Notch signaling for fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kushwah
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia I Hopkins
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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10
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Benoit YD, Guezguez B, Boyd AL, Bhatia M. Molecular pathways: epigenetic modulation of Wnt-glycogen synthase kinase-3 signaling to target human cancer stem cells. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:5372-8. [PMID: 25006223 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway (Wnt-β-catenin-GSK3 axis) has been a prevalent theme in cancer biology since earlier observations until recent genetic discoveries gleaned from tumor genome sequencing. During the last few decades, a large body of work demonstrated the involvement of the Wnt-β-catenin-GSK3 signaling axis in the formation and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSC) responsible for tumor growth in several types of human malignancies. Recent studies have elucidated epigenetic mechanisms that control pluripotency and stemness, and allow a first assessment on how embryonic and normal tissue stem cells are dysregulated in cancer to give rise to CSCs, and how canonical Wnt signaling might be involved. Here, we review emerging concepts highlighting the critical role of epigenetics in CSC development through abnormal canonical Wnt signaling. Finally, we refer to the characterization of novel and powerful inhibitors of chromatin organization machinery that, in turn, restore the Wnt-β-catenin-GSK3 signaling axis in malignant cells, and describe attempts/relevance to bring these compounds into preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick D Benoit
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Guezguez B, Bhatia M. Driving human-mouse avatars to understand the HSC niche. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1511-2. [PMID: 24755946 PMCID: PMC4050150 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI); McMaster University; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI); McMaster University; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; McMaster University; Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Guezguez B, Campbell CJV, Boyd AL, Karanu F, Casado FL, Di Cresce C, Collins TJ, Shapovalova Z, Xenocostas A, Bhatia M. Regional localization within the bone marrow influences the functional capacity of human HSCs. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 13:175-89. [PMID: 23910084 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the bone marrow (BM) niche plays a key role in mouse hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and involves contributions from a broad array of cell types. However, the composition and role of the human BM HSC niche have not been investigated. Here, using human bone biopsy specimens, we provide evidence of HSC propensity to localize to endosteal regions of the trabecular bone area (TBA). Through functional xenograft transplantation, we found that human HSCs localizing to the TBA have superior regenerative and self-renewal capacity and are molecularly distinct from those localizing to the long bone area (LBA). In addition, osteoblasts in the TBA possess unique characteristics and express a key network of factors that regulate TBA- versus LBA-localized human HSCs in vivo. Our study reveals that BM localization and architecture play a critical role in defining the functional and molecular properties of human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
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13
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McIntyre BAS, Alev C, Mechael R, Salci KR, Lee JB, Fiebig-Comyn A, Guezguez B, Wu Y, Sheng G, Bhatia M. Expansive generation of functional airway epithelium from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:7-17. [PMID: 24300555 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived lung progenitors has broad applicability for drug screening and cell therapy; however, this is complicated by limitations in demarcating phenotypic changes with functional validation of airway cell types. In this paper, we reveal the potential of hESCs to produce multipotent lung progenitors using a combined growth factor and physical culture approach, guided by the use of novel markers LIFRα and NRP1. Lung specification of hESCs was achieved by priming differentiation via matrix-specific support, followed by air-liquid interface to allow generation of lung progenitors capable of in vitro maturation into airway epithelial cell types, resulting in functional characteristics such as secretion of pulmonary surfactant, ciliation, polarization, and acquisition of innate immune activity. This approach provided a robust expansion of lung progenitors, allowing in vivo assessment, which demonstrated that only fully differentiated hESC-derived airway cells were retained in the distal airway, where they aided in physiological recovery in immunocompromised mice receiving airway injury. Our study provides a basis for translational applications of hESCs for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A S McIntyre
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), Kobe, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Schnerch A, Lee JB, Graham M, Guezguez B, Bhatia M. Human embryonic stem cell-derived hematopoietic cells maintain core epigenetic machinery of the polycomb group/Trithorax Group complexes distinctly from functional adult hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:73-89. [PMID: 22800282 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have a number of potential utilities, including the modeling of hematological disorders in vitro, whereas the use for cell replacement therapies has proved to be a loftier goal. This is due to the failure of differentiated hematopoietic cells, derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), to functionally recapitulate the in vivo properties of bona fide adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). To better understand the limitations of differentiation programming at the molecular level, we have utilized differential gene expression analysis of highly purified cells that are enriched for hematopoietic repopulating activity across embryonic, fetal, and adult human samples, including in vivo explants of human HSPCs 8-weeks post-transplantation. We reveal that hESC-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (eHPCs) fail to express critical transcription factors which are known to govern self-renewal and myeloid/lymphoid development and instead retain the expression of Polycomb Group (PcG) and Trithorax Group (TrxG) factors which are more prevalent in embryonic cell types that include EZH1 and ASH1L, respectively. These molecular profiles indicate that the differential expression of the core epigenetic machinery comprising PcGs/TrxGs in eHPCs may serve as previously unexplored molecular targets that direct hematopoietic differentiation of PSCs toward functional HSPCs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Schnerch
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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15
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Trowbridge JJ, Guezguez B, Moon RT, Bhatia M. Wnt3a activates dormant c-Kit(-) bone marrow-derived cells with short-term multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution capacity. Stem Cells 2010; 28:1379-89. [PMID: 20521329 DOI: 10.1002/stem.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quiescent cells lacking expression of mature lineage makers and the c-Kit receptor reside in adult bone marrow. Despite their phenotypic similarity to hematopoietic stem cells, these Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(-) cells lack myeloid and erythroid potential and long-term hematopoietic repopulating capacity, whereas, recent studies have functionally demonstrated that the Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(-) population contains early lymphoid-committed progenitors. Examining the role of Wnt signaling in regulation of this population, we found that c-Kit(-) cells express diverse Wnt receptors and proliferate upon Wnt pathway activation in vitro and in vivo. Stimulation with Wnt3a, but not Wnt5a or Wnt11, promoted c-Kit(-) cells to give rise to myeloid and erythroid progenitors with robust self-renewal capacity measured by clonal replating. In addition, Wnt3a-stimulated c-Kit(-) cells gave rise to all hematopoietic lineages (lymphoid, myeloid, and erythroid) upon transplant into the liver of newborn recipient mice. Our study reveals that Wnt3a activates unique cell fate decisions of dormant c-Kit(-) that promotes short-term multilineage reconstitution capacity in vivo, thereby revealing a unique role for Wnt activation in hematopoiesis. Overall, our results highlight the potential of utilizing signaling molecules known to have instructive roles in regeneration to discover cell subsets residing in adult organisms with unexploited regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Trowbridge
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Guezguez B, Vigneron P, Lamerant N, Kieda C, Jaffredo T, Dunon D. Dual role of melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM)/CD146 in lymphocyte endothelium interaction: MCAM/CD146 promotes rolling via microvilli induction in lymphocyte and is an endothelial adhesion receptor. J Immunol 2007; 179:6673-85. [PMID: 17982057 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM)/CD146 is expressed as two isoforms differing by their cytoplasmic domain (MCAM long (MCAM-l) and MCAM short (MCAM-s)). MCAM being expressed by endothelial cells and activated T cells, we analyzed its involvement in lymphocyte trafficking. The NK cell line NKL1 was transfected by MCAM isoforms and submitted to adhesion on both the endothelial cell monolayer and recombinant molecules under shear stress. MCAM-l transfection reduced rolling velocity and increased NKL1 adhesion on the endothelial cell monolayer and VCAM-1. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that MCAM-l induced microvilli formation and extension. In contrast, MCAM short or mock transfection had no effect on adhesion of NKL1 cells and microvilli formation. As shown by mutagenesis, serine 32 of the MCAM-l cytoplasmic tail, belonging to a putative protein kinase C phosphorylation site, was necessary for MCAM-l-actin cytoskeleton interaction and microvilli induction. Accordingly, chelerythrine chloride, a protein kinase C inhibitor, abolished MCAM-l-induced microvilli and rolling of MCAM-l-transfected NKL1 cells. Inhibition of adhesion under shear stress by anti-MCAM Abs suggested that both lymphoid MCAM-l and endothelial MCAM were also directly involved in lymphocyte endothelium interaction. MCAM-l-transfected NKL1 and activated CD4 T cells adhered to rMCAM under shear stress whereas anti-MCAM Ab treatment inhibited this process. Taken together, these data establish that MCAM is involved in the initial steps of lymphocyte endothelium interaction. By promoting the rolling on the inflammation marker VCAM-1 via microvilli induction and displaying adhesion receptor activity involving possible homophilic MCAM-l-MCAM-l interactions, MCAM might be involved in the recruitment of activated T cells to inflammation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhane Guezguez
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7622, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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17
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Guezguez B, Vigneron P, Alais S, Jaffredo T, Gavard J, Mège RM, Dunon D. A dileucine motif targets MCAM-l cell adhesion molecule to the basolateral membrane in MDCK cells. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3649-56. [PMID: 16756976 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), an adhesion molecule belonging to the Ig superfamily, is an endothelial marker and is expressed in different epithelia. MCAM is expressed as two isoforms differing by their cytoplasmic domain: MCAM-l and MCAM-s (long and short). In order to identify the respective role of each MCAM isoform, we analyzed MCAM isoform targeting in polarized epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells using MCAM-GFP chimeras. Confocal microscopy revealed that MCAM-s and MCAM-l were addressed to the apical and basolateral membranes, respectively. Transfection of MCAM-l mutants established that a single dileucine motif (41-42) of the cytoplasmic domain was required for MCAM-l basolateral targeting in MDCK cells. Although double labelling experiments showed that MCAM-l is not a component of adherens junctions and focal adhesions, its expression on basolateral membranes suggests that MCAM-l is involved in epithelium insuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhane Guezguez
- Université Pierre et Marie, Curie-Paris 6, CNRS UMR 7622, Bat C 6ème étage, Case 24, 9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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18
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Jaffredo T, Alais S, Bollerot K, Drevon C, Gautier R, Guezguez B, Minko K, Vigneron P, Dunon D. Avian HSC emergence, migration, and commitment toward the T cell lineage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 39:205-12. [PMID: 14642304 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To date three sites of emergence of hemopoietin cells have been identified during early avian development: the yolk sac, the intraaortic clusters and recently the allantois. However, the contributions of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations generated by these different sites to definitive hematopoiesis and their migration routes are not fully unraveled. Experimental embryology as well as the establishment of the genetic cascades involved in HSC emergence help now to draw a better scheme of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Jaffredo
- UMR CNRS 7622, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 9, Quai St Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
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