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Khair S, Walrath TM, Curtis BJ, Orlicky DJ, McMahan RH, Kovacs EJ. Ethanol exacerbates pulmonary complications after burn injury in mice, regardless of frequency of ethanol exposures. Burns 2023; 49:1935-1943. [PMID: 37574341 PMCID: PMC10811296 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and lungs are the most common organ to fail. Interestingly, patients with alcohol intoxication at the time of burn have worse clinical outcomes, including pulmonary complications. Using a clinically relevant murine model, we have previously reported that episodic ethanol exposure before burn exacerbated lung inflammation. Specifically, intoxicated burned mice had worsened pulmonary responses, including increased leukocyte infiltration and heightened levels of CXCL1 and IL-6. Herein, we examined whether a single binge ethanol exposure before scald burn injury yields similar pulmonary responses. C57BL/6 male mice were given ethanol (1.2 g/kg) 30 min before a 15 % total body surface area burn. These mice were compared to a second cohort given episodic ethanol binge for a total of 6 days (3 days ethanol, 4 days rest, 3 days ethanol) prior to burn injury. 24 h after burn, histopathological examination of lungs were performed. In addition, survival, and levels of infiltrating leukocytes, CXCL1, and IL-6 were quantified. Episodic and single ethanol exposure before burn decreased survival compared to burn only mice and sham vehicle mice, respectively (p < 0.05). However, no difference in survival was observed between burned mice with single and episodic ethanol binge. Examination of H&E-stained lung sections revealed that regardless of ethanol binge frequency, intoxication prior to burn worsened pulmonary inflammation, evidenced by elevated granulocyte accumulation and congestion, relative to burned mice without any ethanol exposure. Levels of infiltrating granulocyte in the lungs were significantly higher in burned mice with both episodic and single ethanol intoxication, compared to burn injury only (p < 0.05). In addition, there was no difference in the granulocyte count between single and ethanol binge mice with burn injury. Neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1 levels in the lung were similarly increased following single and episodic ethanol exposure prior to burn compared to burn alone (22-fold and 26-fold respectively, p < 0.05). Lastly, we assessed pulmonary IL-6, which revealed that irrespective of frequency, ethanol exposure combined with burn injury raised pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the lungs relative to burn mice. Again, we did not find any difference in the amount of IL-6 in lungs of burned mice with single and episodic ethanol intoxication. Taken altogether, these data demonstrate that both single and episodic exposure to ethanol prior to burn injury similarly worsens pulmonary inflammation. These results suggest that ethanol-induced exacerbation of the pulmonary responses to burn injury is due to presence of ethanol at the time of injury rather than longer-term effects of ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanawaj Khair
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Travis M Walrath
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma, and Endocrine Surgery, and Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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2
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Khair S, Curtis BJ, Kovacs EJ. Does a single ethanol exposure prior to burn injury in mice worsen pulmonary inflammation as much as episodic multi-day exposure of ethanol? Alcohol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal hormones are essential in postburn metabolism. Since near 50% of burn victims test positive for blood alcohol levels at hospital admission and have inferior outcomes compared to nonintoxicated burn patients; we hypothesized that the gastrointestinal hormone secretion is compromised in intoxicated burn victims. To test our theory, we quantified gastrointestinal hormones serum levels in a combine ethanol intoxication and burn injury mouse model. Thus, mice received a daily dose of ethanol for 3 days, rested 4 days, and were given ethanol 3 additional days. Mice underwent 15% TBSA scald burn 30 minutes after their last ethanol dose. Serum samples were collected 24 hours after burn injury. Nonintoxicated burned mice exhibited an increase in glucose, insulin, ghrelin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, and resistin by 1.4-, 3-, 13.5-, 6.2-, 9.4-, and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared to sham vehicle mice (P < .05). Burn injury also reduced serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) by 32% compared to sham-injured, vehicle-treated mice. Leptin, resistin, glucagon-like peptide-1, as well as insulin, were not different from sham groups when intoxication preceded burn injury. Nevertheless, in burned mice treated with ethanol, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon serum levels exhibited a significant fold increase of 3.5 and 4.7, respectively. With these results, we conclude that 24 hours after burn injury, mice developed significant changes in gastrointestinal hormones, along with hyperglycemia. Moreover, the combined insult of burn and ethanol intoxication led to additional hormonal changes that may be attributed to a potential pancreatic dysfunction. Further multiday studies are required to investigate the etiology, behavior, and clinical significance of these hormonal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Pablo Idrovo
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jill A Shults
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael M Chen
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Curtis BJ, Shults JA, Boe DM, Ramirez L, Kovacs EJ. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment attenuates liver and lung inflammation after ethanol intoxication and burn injury. Alcohol 2019; 80:139-148. [PMID: 30217504 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous burn injury is one of the most devastating injuries one can obtain, with tissue damage extending beyond the skin wound to distal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lungs. Multiple organ failure is a leading cause of death after burn injury, resulting in excessive systemic and localized inflammation directly contributing to end organ damage. We postulated that the gut-liver-lung inflammatory axis underscores multiple organ failure in the context of burn injury and is hyper-activated when ethanol intoxication precedes burn. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regenerative and anti-inflammatory, and MSC treatment has been shown to be beneficial in several immune disorders and injury models. Our objective was to determine whether intravenous infusion of exogenous bone marrow-derived MSCs could reduce post-burn and intoxication pulmonary, hepatic, and systemic inflammation. Vehicle- or ethanol- (1.6 g/kg) treated mice were subjected to sham or 15% total body surface area scald burn. One hour post-injury, mice were given 5 × 105 CFSE-labeled MSCs or phosphate-buffered saline intravenously (i.v.) and were euthanized 24 h later. We assessed circulating biomarkers of inflammation and liver damage, measured cytokine and chemokine production, and quantified apoptosis in lung and liver tissue. Compared to intoxicated and burned mice, those treated with MSCs had less cellularity, limited apoptosis, and a slight reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the neutrophil chemokine, KC (CXCL1) in lung tissue. Mice with MSCs treatment had more dramatic anti-inflammatory effects on systemic and hepatic inflammation, as serum IL-6 levels were diminished by 43%, and il6 and kc expression in liver tissue were markedly reduced, as were biomarkers of liver damage, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (AST), compared with intoxicated and burned mice. Taken together, our results suggest intravenous MSCs treatment can diminish systemic inflammation, lessen hepatic damage, and decrease liver and lung apoptosis and inflammation, indicating MSCs as a novel therapy for restoring homeostasis of multiple organ systems in intoxicated burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Curtis
- Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jill A Shults
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Devin M Boe
- Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Luis Ramirez
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Burn Research and Alcohol Research Programs, Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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5
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Kuprys PV, Tsukamoto H, Gao B, Jia L, McGowan J, Coopersmith CM, Moreno MC, Hulsebus H, Meena AS, Souza-Smith FM, Roper P, Foster MT, Raju SV, Marshall SA, Fujita M, Curtis BJ, Wyatt TA, Mandrekar P, Kovacs EJ, Choudhry MA. Summary of the 2018 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2019; 77:11-18. [PMID: 30763905 PMCID: PMC6733262 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
On January 26, 2018, the 23rd annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at the University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. The meeting consisted of plenary sessions with oral presentations and a poster presentation session. There were four plenary sessions that covered a wide range of topics relating to alcohol use: Alcohol and Liver Disease; Alcohol, Inflammation and Immune Response; Alcohol and Organ Injury; Heath Consequences and Alcohol Drinking. The meeting provided a forum for the presentation and discussion of novel research findings regarding alcohol use and immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius V. Kuprys
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD, Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bin Gao
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jacob McGowan
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Maria Camargo Moreno
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Holly Hulsebus
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Avtar S. Meena
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Flavia M. Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Philip Roper
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Michelle T. Foster
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - S. Vamsee Raju
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - S. Alex Marshall
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, High Point University Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point, NC, United States
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brenda J. Curtis
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Department of Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States,Corresponding author. Alcohol Research Program, Burn & Shock Trauma, Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, 2160 South, First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, United States. Fax: +1 708 327 2813. (M.A. Choudhry)
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Idrovo JP, Curtis BJ, Chen MM, Kovacs EJ. Alterations in the Post-Burn Hypermetabolic Response after Ethanol Intoxication. J Am Coll Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.08.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hulsebus HJ, Curtis BJ, Molina PE, Afshar M, Boule LA, Morris N, Keshavarzian A, Kolls JK, Yeligar SM, Price ME, Wyatt TA, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. Summary of the 2017 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2018; 69:51-56. [PMID: 29654985 PMCID: PMC5930121 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
On June 24, 2017, the 22nd annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held as a satellite conference during the annual Research Society on Alcoholism (RSA) Scientific Meeting in Denver, Colorado. The 2017 meeting focused broadly on mechanisms that link alcohol to tissue injury and inflammation, and how this research can be translated to improve human health. Two plenary sessions composed the meeting, which first explored the association between alcohol and trauma/tissue injury, and finished with a discussion of alcohol and mucosal inflammation. The presentations encompassed diverse areas of alcohol research, from effects on the brain, to airway and pulmonary systems, to gut barrier disruption. The discussions also thoughtfully highlighted how current laboratory and clinical research can be used to prevent or treat alcohol-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J. Hulsebus
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brenda J. Curtis
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Majid Afshar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA,Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lisbeth A. Boule
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Niya Morris
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Samantha M. Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Michael E. Price
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,Corresponding author: Elizabeth J. Kovacs, Ph.D., 12700 East 19th Ave, Research Complex 2, Mailstop #8620, Aurora, CO, 80045. Phone: 303-724-8243.
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Boule LA, Ju C, Agudelo M, Parira T, Cannon A, Davis B, Eby J, Cresci G, Samuelson DR, Shukla P, Alrefai WA, Sureshchandra S, Pandey SC, Schnabl B, Curtis BJ, Wyatt TA, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. Summary of the 2016 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2018; 66:35-43. [PMID: 29127885 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
On November 18, 2016 the 21st annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at the Center for Translational Research and Education at Loyola University Chicago's Health Sciences Campus in Maywood, IL. The 2016 meeting focused broadly on alcohol and inflammation, epigenetics, and the microbiome. The four plenary sessions of the meeting were Alcohol, Inflammation, and Immunity; Alcohol and Epigenetics; Alcohol, Transcriptional Regulation, and Epigenetics; and Alcohol, Intestinal Mucosa, and the Gut Microbiome. Presentations in all sessions of the meeting explored putative underlying causes for chronic diseases and mortality associated with alcohol consumption, shedding light on future work and potential therapeutic targets to alleviate the negative effects of alcohol misuse.
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Abstract
With the coming of the "silver tsunami," expanding the knowledge about how various intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the immune system in the elderly is timely and of immediate clinical need. The global population is increasing in age. By the year 2030, more than 20% of the population of the United States will be older than 65 years of age. This article focuses on how advanced age alters the immune systems and how this, in turn, modulates the ability of the aging lung to deal with infectious challenges from the outside world and from within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, GILIIP (GI, Liver and Innate Immunity Program), Graduate Program in Immunology, IMAGE (Investigations in Metabolism, Aging, Gender and Exercise), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Mailstop #8620, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Devin M Boe
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Room 6460, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Boule
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, IMAGE, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Room 6460, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, IMAGE, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Room 6018, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Shults JA, Curtis BJ, Boe DM, Ramirez L, Kovacs EJ. Ethanol intoxication prolongs post-burn pulmonary inflammation: role of alveolar macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1037-1045. [PMID: 27531926 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0316-111r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the role and fate of AMs were examined in pulmonary inflammation after intoxication and injury. Clinical evidence has revealed that half of all burn patients brought to the emergency department are intoxicated at the time of injury. This combined insult results in amplified neutrophil accumulation and pulmonary edema, with an increased risk of lung failure and mortality, relative to either insult alone. We believe that this excessive pulmonary inflammation, which also parallels decreased lung function, is mediated in part by AMs. Restoration of lung tissue homeostasis is dependent on the eradication of neutrophils and removal of apoptotic cells, both major functions of AMs. Thirty minutes after binge ethanol intoxication, mice were anesthetized and given a 15% total body surface area dorsal scald injury. At 24 h, we found a 50% decrease in the total number of AMs (P < 0.05) and observed a proinflammatory phenotype on the remaining lung AMs. Loss of AMs paralleled a 6-fold increase in the number of TUNEL+ lung apoptotic cells (P < 0.05) and a 3.5-fold increase in the percentage of annexin V+ apoptotic cells in BAL (P < 0.05), after intoxication and injury, relative to controls. In contrast to the reduction in the number of cells, AMs from intoxicated and injured mice had a 4-fold increase in efferocytosis (P < 0.05). In summary, these data suggest that loss of AMs may delay resolution of inflammation, resulting in the pulmonary complications and elevated mortality rates observed in intoxicated and burn-injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Shults
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Devin M Boe
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Luis Ramirez
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA; .,Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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11
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O'Halloran EB, Curtis BJ, Afshar M, Chen MM, Kovacs EJ, Burnham EL. Alveolar macrophage inflammatory mediator expression is elevated in the setting of alcohol use disorders. Alcohol 2016; 50:43-50. [PMID: 26781212 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary diseases, including bacterial pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a vital role in the clearance of pathogens and regulation of inflammation, but these functions may be impaired in the setting of alcohol exposure. We examined the effect of AUDs on profiles of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in human AMs isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 19 AUD subjects and 20 age-, sex-, and smoking-matched control subjects. By multiplex bead array, the lysates of AMs from subjects with AUDs had significant elevation in the cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), CXCL10, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) (p < 0.05). Additionally, a 1.8-fold increase in IL-1β, 2.0-fold increase in IL-6, 2.3-fold increase in interferon gamma (IFN-γ), 1.4-fold increase in CCL3, and a 2.3-fold increase in CCL4 was observed in the AUD group as compared to the control group. We also observed compensatory increases in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1RA (p < 0.05). AUD subjects had 5-fold higher levels of CXCL11 mRNA expression (p < 0.05) and a 2.4-fold increase in IL-6 mRNA expression by RT-PCR as well. In these investigations, alcohol use disorders were associated with functional changes in human AMs, suggesting that chronic alcohol exposure portends a chronically pro-inflammatory profile in these cells.
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Shults JA, Curtis BJ, Chen MM, O'Halloran EB, Ramirez L, Kovacs EJ. Impaired respiratory function and heightened pulmonary inflammation in episodic binge ethanol intoxication and burn injury. Alcohol 2015; 49:713-20. [PMID: 26364264 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data indicate that cutaneous burn injuries covering greater than 10% of the total body surface area are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, in which pulmonary complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), contribute to nearly half of all patient deaths. Approximately 50% of burn patients are intoxicated at the time of hospital admission, which increases days on ventilators by 3-fold, and doubles the length of hospitalization, compared to non-intoxicated burn patients. The most common drinking pattern in the United States is binge drinking, where an individual rapidly consumes alcoholic beverages (4 for women, 5 for men) in 2 h. An estimated 38 million Americans binge drink, often several times per month. Experimental data demonstrate that a single binge-ethanol exposure, prior to scald injury, impairs innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby enhancing infection susceptibility and amplifying pulmonary inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, and edema, and is associated with increased mortality. Since these characteristics are similar to those observed in ARDS burn patients, our study objective was to determine whether ethanol intoxication and burn injury and the subsequent pulmonary congestion affect physiological parameters of lung function, using non-invasive and unrestrained plethysmography in a murine model system. Furthermore, to mirror young adult binge-drinking patterns, and to determine the effect of multiple ethanol exposures on pulmonary inflammation, we utilized an episodic binge-ethanol exposure regimen, where mice were exposed to ethanol for a total of 6 days (3 days ethanol, 4 days rest, 3 days ethanol) prior to burn injury. Our analyses demonstrate mice exposed to episodic binge ethanol and burn injury have higher mortality, increased pulmonary congestion and neutrophil infiltration, elevated neutrophil chemoattractants, and respiratory dysfunction, compared to burn or ethanol intoxication alone. Overall, our study identifies plethysmography as a useful tool for characterizing respiratory function in a murine burn model and for future identification of therapeutic compounds capable of restoring pulmonary functionality.
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Boe DM, Curtis BJ, Chen MM, Ippolito JA, Kovacs EJ. Extracellular traps and macrophages: new roles for the versatile phagocyte. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:1023-35. [PMID: 25877927 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ri1014-521r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MΦ are multipurpose phagocytes with a large repertoire of well-characterized abilities and functions, including regulation of inflammation, wound healing, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, as well as serving as an integral component of the innate-immune defense against microbial pathogens. Working along with neutrophils and dendritic cells, the other myeloid-derived professional phagocytes, MΦ are one of the key effector cells initiating and directing the host reaction to pathogenic organisms and resolving subsequent responses once the threat has been cleared. ETs are a relatively novel strategy of host defense involving expulsion of nuclear material and embedded proteins from immune cells to immobilize and kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses. As research on ETs expands, it has begun to encompass many immune cell types in unexpected ways, including various types of MΦ, which are not only capable of generating METs in response to various stimuli, but recent preclinical data suggest that they are an important agent in clearing ETs and limiting ET-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. This review aims to summarize historical and recent findings of biologic research regarding ET formation and function and discuss the role of MΦ in ET physiology and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Boe
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael M Chen
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jill A Ippolito
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- *Alcohol Research Program, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Curtis BJ, Hlavin S, Brubaker AL, Kovacs EJ, Radek KA. Episodic binge ethanol exposure impairs murine macrophage infiltration and delays wound closure by promoting defects in early innate immune responses. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1347-55. [PMID: 24689549 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exacerbation of cutaneous wound infections and delayed wound closure are frequent complications seen in alcohol exposed subjects who sustain injuries. We previously reported that acute alcohol exposure alters the early dermal inflammatory phase of wound healing and also several parameters of the proliferative wound healing phase in wounds from ethanol (EtOH)-treated mice for several days or weeks after EtOH exposure. Hence, it is likely that the cumulative defects arising in the early phases of the wound healing process directly contribute to the increased complications observed in intoxicated patients at the time of injury. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were given intraperitoneal EtOH (2.2 g/kg body weight) or vehicle (saline) EtOH using our episodic binge EtOH exposure protocol (3 days EtOH, 4 days off, 3 days EtOH) to yield a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 300 mg/dl at the time of wounding. Mice were subjected to six 3 mm full-thickness dorsal wounds and immediately treated topically with 10 μl of sterile saline (control) or diluted Staphylococcus aureus corresponding to 1 × 10(4) CFU/wound. Wounds were harvested at 24 hours post injury to evaluate wound area, neutrophil and macrophage accumulation, and the protein levels of cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-10, and chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and MIP-1α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC). The abundance and localization of cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and the kallikrein epidermal proteases (KLK5 and KLK7) were also determined. RESULTS Compared to control mice, EtOH-treated mice exhibited delayed wound closure, decreased macrophage accumulation, and impaired production of MIP-1α. Furthermore, skin from EtOH-treated mice demonstrated a reduction in the abundance of epidermal CRAMP and KLK7. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that EtOH exposure hinders several distinct components of the innate immune response, including phagocyte recruitment and chemokine/cytokine and AMP production. Together, these effects likely contribute to delayed wound closure and enhanced infection severity observed in intoxicated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Curtis
- Health Sciences Division , Alcohol Research Program, The Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois; Health Sciences Division , Department of Surgery, The Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
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Ippolito JA, Curtis BJ, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. Alcohol and immunology: Summary of the 2012 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2013; 47:589-93. [PMID: 24169087 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
On October 27, 2012, the 17th annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at the Grand Wailea Hotel in Maui, Hawaii as a satellite meeting to the 2012 Society of Leukocyte Biology conference. This year's meeting focused on the influence of alcohol on signal transduction pathways in various disease and injury models. Three plenary sessions were held where invited speakers shared their research on alcohol-mediated alterations of cell signaling components, immune cell subsets, and inflammation. These studies suggested alcohol has a negative effect on cell signaling machinery and immune cell homeostasis, resulting in disease, disease progression, and increased mortality. Researchers also identified tissue-specific alcohol-linked elevations in markers of inflammation, including cold-shock proteins and microRNAs. Additionally, one study revealed the effects of alcohol on immune cell subsets in a model of allergic asthma.
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Chen MM, Palmer JL, Ippolito JA, Curtis BJ, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ. Intoxication by intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage equally potentiates postburn organ damage and inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:971481. [PMID: 24379525 PMCID: PMC3863569 DOI: 10.1155/2013/971481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of binge drinking and its association with trauma necessitate accurate animal models to examine the impact of intoxication on the response and outcome to injuries such as burn. While much research has focused on the effect of alcohol dose and duration on the subsequent inflammatory parameters following burn, little evidence exists on the effect of the route of alcohol administration. We examined the degree to which intoxication before burn injury causes systemic inflammation when ethanol is given by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or oral gavage. We found that intoxication potentiates postburn damage in the ileum, liver, and lungs of mice to an equivalent extent when either ethanol administration route is used. We also found a similar hematologic response and levels of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) when either ethanol paradigm achieved intoxication before burn. Furthermore, both i.p. and gavage resulted in similar blood alcohol concentrations at all time points tested. Overall, our data show an equal inflammatory response to burn injury when intoxication is achieved by either i.p. injection or oral gavage, suggesting that findings from studies using either ethanol paradigm are directly comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Chen
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Jessica L. Palmer
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Jill A. Ippolito
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Brenda J. Curtis
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Curtis BJ, Zahs A, Kovacs EJ. Epigenetic targets for reversing immune defects caused by alcohol exposure. Alcohol Res 2013; 35:97-113. [PMID: 24313169 PMCID: PMC3860427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption alters factors that modify gene expression without changing the DNA code (i.e., epigenetic modulators) in many organ systems, including the immune system. Alcohol enhances the risk for developing several serious medical conditions related to immune system dysfunction, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), liver cancer, and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Binge and chronic drinking also render patients more susceptible to many infectious pathogens and advance the progression of HIV infection by weakening both innate and adaptive immunity. Epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal role in these processes. For example, alcohol-induced epigenetic variations alter the developmental pathways of several types of immune cells (e.g., granulocytes, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes) and through these and other mechanisms promote exaggerated inflammatory responses. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms may underlie alcohol's ability to interfere with the barrier functions of the gut and respiratory systems, which also contribute to the heightened risk of infections. Better understanding of alcohol's effects on these epigenetic processes may help researchers identify new targets for the development of novel medications to prevent or ameliorate alcohol's detrimental effects on the immune system.
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Zahs A, Curtis BJ, Waldschmidt TJ, Brown LAS, Gauthier TW, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ, Bird MD. Alcohol and epigenetic changes: summary of the 2011 Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2012; 46:783-7. [PMID: 22738858 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
On November 18, 2011, the 16th annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at Loyola University Medical Center in Maywood, Illinois. The focus of this year's meeting was alcohol's effect on epigenetic changes and possible outcomes induced by these changes. Two sessions, which consisted of talks from invited speakers as well as presentations of selected abstracts, were held in addition to a poster session. Participants presented information on alcohol-induced alterations in histone modifications and gene expression along with immunologic responses to alcohol. Speakers shared new research specifically on histone deacetylase enzyme expression and modifications due to alcohol and the downstream effect of these modifications may have on gene expression and tissue damage. Additional studies suggested that alcohol exacerbates inflammation when combined with other insults such as infection, trauma, inhalation injury, and disease.
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Curtis BJ, Zraly CB, Dingwall AK. Drosophila LSD1-CoREST demethylase complex regulates DPP/TGFβ signaling during wing development. Genesis 2012; 51:16-31. [PMID: 22965777 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The choice and timing of specific developmental pathways in organogenesis are determined by tissue-specific temporal and spatial cues that are acted upon to impart unique cellular and compartmental identities. A consequence of cellular signaling is the rapid transcriptional reprogramming of a wide variety of target genes. To overcome intrinsic epigenetic chromatin barriers to transcription modulation, histone modifying and remodeling complexes are employed. The deposition or erasure of specific covalent histone modifications, including acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination are essential features of gene activation and repression. We have found that the activity of a specific class of histone demethylation enzymes is required for the specification of vein cell fates during Drosophila wing development. Genetic tests revealed that the Drosophila LSD1-CoREST complex is required for proper cell specification through regulation of the DPP/TGFβ pathway. An important finding from this analysis is that LSD1-CoREST functions through control of rhomboid expression in an EGFR-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Curtis
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Curtis BJ, Plichta JK, Blatt H, Droho S, Griffin TM, Radek KA. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation impairs epidermal permeability barrier function and recovery and modulates cornified envelope proteins. Life Sci 2012; 91:1070-6. [PMID: 22940618 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize how nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) influence epidermal barrier function and recovery following prolonged stress or direct nAChR activation or antagonism. MAIN METHODS Mice were subjected to psychological stress or treated topically with nAChR agonist or antagonist for 3 days. We assessed barrier permeability and recovery by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) before and after barrier disruption. In parallel, we analyzed the production and localization of several epidermal cornified envelope proteins in mouse skin and in human EpiDerm™ organotypic constructs stimulated with a nAChR agonist (nicotine) and/or a nAChR selective antagonist (α-bungarotoxin). KEY FINDINGS We determined that psychological stress in mice impairs barrier permeability function and recovery, an effect that is reversed by application of the α7 selective nAChR antagonist, α-bungarotoxin (Bung). In the absence of stress, both topical nicotine or Bung treatment alone impaired barrier permeability. We further observed that stress, topical nicotine, or topical Bung treatment in mice influenced the abundance and/or localization of filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin. Similar alterations in these three major cornified envelope proteins were observed in human EpiDerm™ cultures. SIGNIFICANCE Perceived psychological stress and nicotine usage can both initiate or exacerbate several dermatoses by altering the cutaneous permeability barrier. Modulation of nAChRs by topical agonists or antagonists may be used to improve epidermal barrier function in skin diseases associated with defects in epidermal barrier permeability.
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Curtis BJ, Zraly CB, Marenda DR, Dingwall AK. Histone lysine demethylases function as co-repressors of SWI/SNF remodeling activities during Drosophila wing development. Dev Biol 2010; 350:534-47. [PMID: 21146519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The conserved SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to alter local chromatin environments through disrupting DNA-histone contacts. These alterations influence transcription activation, as well as repression. The Drosophila SWI/SNF counterpart, known as the Brahma or Brm complex, has been shown to have an essential role in regulating the proper expression of many developmentally important genes, including those required for eye and wing tissue morphogenesis. A temperature sensitive mutation in one of the core complex subunits, SNR1 (SNF5/INI1/SMARCB1), results in reproducible wing patterning phenotypes that can be dominantly enhanced and suppressed by extragenic mutations. SNR1 functions as a regulatory subunit to modulate chromatin remodeling activities of the Brahma complex on target genes, including both activation and repression. To help identify gene targets and cofactors of the Brahma complex, we took advantage of the weak dominant nature of the snr1(E1) mutation to carry out an unbiased genetic modifier screen. Using a set of overlapping chromosomal deficiencies that removed the majority of the Drosophila genome, we looked for genes that when heterozygous would function to either enhance or suppress the snr1(E1) wing pattern phenotype. Among potential targets of the Brahma complex, we identified components of the Notch, EGFR and DPP signaling pathways important for wing development. Mutations in genes encoding histone demethylase enzymes were identified as cofactors of Brahma complex function. In addition, we found that the Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 gene (lsd1) was important for the proper cell type-specific development of wing patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda J Curtis
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Curtis BJ, Simpson LJ. Auditing. A method for evaluating quality of care. J Nurs Adm 1985; 15:14-21. [PMID: 3850107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The nursing process is accepted as a major framework for practice; but its integration in the quality assurance process, in a format where the phases of the nursing process are examined in a sequential manner has not been reported. The authors have developed a nursing process audit tool that provides an organized approach for evaluating independent nursing functions based on the nursing process. Each step in the nursing process can be evaluated individually and as a whole. The tool can be used concurrently and/or retrospectively. This tool provides nursing administrators with pertinent data that can be used to improve nursing practice.
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Curtis BJ. The role of the family history in preventive medicine: an introduction for medical librarians. Med Ref Serv Q 1984; 3:35-44. [PMID: 10299958 DOI: 10.1300/j115v03n04_04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Health professionals are collecting and charting data about the family history of their patients in order to determine if a predisposition to heart, stroke, cancer and other debilitating conditions can be detected or alleviated through patient education and preventive medicine. Family history-taking for the purposes of preventive medicine is introduced, along with a brief history of the field. The pedigree chart and the genogram are described and their use by health personnel is discussed. A brief search strategy on MEDLINE and a selected bibliography are presented to aid the health sciences librarian to find information on the family history, genograms or pedigree charts.
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