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Stenberg N, Schjølberg S, Shic F, Volkmar F, Øyen AS, Bresnahan M, Svendsen BK, von Tetzchner S, Thronæs NT, Macari S, Cicchetti DV, Chawarska K, Suren P, Øien RA. Functional Outcomes of Children Identified Early in the Developmental Period as at Risk for ASD Utilizing the The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:922-932. [PMID: 32424708 PMCID: PMC7954713 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is regarded as crucial for swift access to early intervention and, subsequently, better outcomes later in life. However, current instruments miss large proportions of children who later go on to be diagnosed with ASD, raising a question of what these instruments measure. The present study utilized data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study and the Autism Birth Cohort study to explore the subsequent developmental and diagnostic characteristics of children raising developmental concern on the six-critical discriminative item criterion of the M-CHAT (DFA6) at 18 months of age (N = 834). The DFA6 identified 28.8% of children diagnosed with ASD (N = 163), but 4.4% with language disorder (N = 188) and 81.3% with intellectual disability (N = 32) without ASD. Scoring in the «at-risk» range was associated with lower IQ, impaired functional language, and greater severity of autism symptoms whether children had ASD or not.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederick Shic
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fred Volkmar
- School of Medicine, Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Anne-Siri Øyen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Nina Torheim Thronæs
- Department of Education, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, PB 6050, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Suzanne Macari
- School of Medicine, Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | | | | | - Pål Suren
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald A Øien
- Department of Education, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, PB 6050, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
- School of Medicine, Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
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Stenberg N, Bresnahan M, Gunnes N, Hirtz D, Hornig M, Lie KK, Lipkin WI, Lord C, Magnus P, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Schjølberg S, Surén P, Susser E, Svendsen BK, von Tetzchner S, Øyen AS, Stoltenberg C. Identifying children with autism spectrum disorder at 18 months in a general population sample. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2014; 28:255-62. [PMID: 24547686 PMCID: PMC3976700 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research on clinical and high-risk samples suggests that signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be detected between 1 and 2 years of age. We investigated signs of ASD at 18 months in a population-based sample and the association with later ASD diagnosis. METHODS The study sample includes 52,026 children born 2003 through 2008 and is a subset of children that participated in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa), a population-based longitudinal study, and the Autism Birth Cohort (ABC), a sub-study on ASD. Parents completed all 23 items from the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) at 18 months. RESULTS The M-CHAT 6-critical-item criterion and the 23-item criterion had a specificity of 97.9% and 92.7% and a sensitivity of 20.8% and 34.1%, respectively. In the 173 children diagnosed with ASD to date, 60 children (34.7%) scored above the cut-off on either of the screening criteria. The items with the highest likelihood ratios were 'interest in other children', 'show objects to others' and 'response to name'. CONCLUSION Even though one-third of the children who later received an ASD diagnosis were identified through M-CHAT items, the majority scored below cut-off on the screening criteria at 18 months. The results imply that it might not be possible to detect all children with ASD at this age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina Gunnes
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah Hirtz
- National Institute of Health / National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mady Hornig
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Lord
- Institute for Brain Development, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College and Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Per Magnus
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Pål Surén
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ezra Susser
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Anne-Siri Øyen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Stoltenberg
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Surén P, Bakken IJ, Lie KK, Schjølberg S, Aase H, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Magnus P, Øyen AS, Svendsen BK, Aaberg KM, Andersen GL, Stoltenberg C. Fylkesvise forskjeller i registrert forekomst av autisme, AD/HD, epilepsi og cerebral parese i Norge. Tidsskriftet 2013; 133:1929-34. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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