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Newman L, Brown J, Kerawala C, Patel M, Woodwards B, Lavery K, Courtney D, Stewart A, Herold J, Hyde N. Our specialty. The future. Is the writing on the wall? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:1219-1221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.10.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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2
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Riva FMG, Kerawala C. Maxillofacial services in the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic - early lessons from the Italian experience. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:744-745. [PMID: 32576462 PMCID: PMC7287484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F M G Riva
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust.
| | - C Kerawala
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust.
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3
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Kerawala C, Riva F. Aerosol-generating procedures in head and neck surgery - can we improve practice after COVID-19? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:704-707. [PMID: 32513429 PMCID: PMC7245279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on international medicine practice. The propensity for head and neck surgery to generate aerosols needs special consideration over and above simply adopting personal protective equipment. This study sought to interrogate the literature and evaluate whether which additional measures might provide benefit if routinely adopted in minimising viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kerawala
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London.
| | - F Riva
- Head and Neck Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London
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4
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McGrath BA, Ashby N, Birchall M, Dean P, Doherty C, Ferguson K, Gimblett J, Grocott M, Jacob T, Kerawala C, Macnaughton P, Magennis P, Moonesinghe R, Twose P, Wallace S, Higgs A. Multidisciplinary guidance for safe tracheostomy care during the COVID-19 pandemic: the NHS National Patient Safety Improvement Programme (NatPatSIP). Anaesthesia 2020; 75:1659-1670. [PMID: 32396986 PMCID: PMC7272992 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a significant increase in the number of patients requiring relatively prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation and an associated surge in patients who need a tracheostomy to facilitate weaning from respiratory support. In parallel, there has been a global increase in guidance from professional bodies representing staff who care for patients with tracheostomies at different points in their acute hospital journey, rehabilitation and recovery. Of concern are the risks to healthcare staff of infection arising from tracheostomy insertion and caring for patients with a tracheostomy. Hospitals are also facing extraordinary demands on critical care services such that many patients who require a tracheostomy will be managed outside established intensive care or head and neck units and cared for by staff with little tracheostomy experience. These concerns led NHS England and NHS Improvement to expedite the National Patient Safety Improvement Programme's 'Safe Tracheostomy Care' workstream as part of the NHS COVID-19 response. Supporting this workstream, UK stakeholder organisations involved in tracheostomy care were invited to develop consensus guidance based on: expert opinion; the best available published literature; and existing multidisciplinary guidelines. Topics with direct relevance for frontline staff were identified. This consensus guidance includes: infectivity of patients with respect to tracheostomy indications and timing; aerosol-generating procedures and risks to staff; insertion procedures; and management following tracheostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A McGrath
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, National Tracheostomy Safety Project, Manchester, UK
| | - N Ashby
- Royal College of Nursing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Birchall
- British Laryngological Association, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Dean
- Intensive Care Society, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Lancashire, UK
| | - C Doherty
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, National Tracheostomy Safety Project Paediatric Lead, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - K Ferguson
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Association of Anaesthetists, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - M Grocott
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal College of Anaesthetists, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T Jacob
- ENT & Head and Neck surgeon, Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust, ENT-UKt, London, UK
| | - C Kerawala
- Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Surgeon, The Royal Marsden Hospital, British Association of Head & Neck Oncologists, London, UK
| | - P Macnaughton
- Intensive Care Medicine at Derriford Hospital, Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine, Plymouth, UK
| | - P Magennis
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Aintree University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Moonesinghe
- Anaesthetics and Critical Care Medicine, NHS England & NHS Improvement, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - P Twose
- Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Wallace
- Speech & Language Therapist, Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A Higgs
- Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, Warrington & Halton Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Difficult Airway Society, Warrington, UK
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McMahon J, Puglia F, Martin I, Mitchell D, Dover S, Bentley R, Parmar S, Smith A, Kerawala C, Holland I. Measuring health-related benefit and quality of care in oral and maxillofacial surgery: British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Outcomes Project. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:439-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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6
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Schilling C, Shaw R, Schache A, McMahon J, Chegini S, Kerawala C, McGurk M. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Where are we now? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:757-762. [PMID: 28864148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent data have confirmed that elective surgical management of the cN0 neck improves survival in patients with early (T1-T2) oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and is better than watchful waiting. However, elective neck dissection (END) may not always be necessary. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB), which is a reliable staging test for patients with early disease and a radiologically N0 neck, can detect occult metastases with a sensitivity of 86%-94%. Patients with no sign of metastases on SNB could avoid neck dissection, and individual treatment should reduce both morbidity and cost. Currently, SNB for oral SCC is available at a limited number of centres in the UK, but this is likely to change as national guidelines have recommended that it is incorporated into the standard treatment pathway. It is therefore important to understand the current evidence that supports its use, its limitations and related controversies, and to plan for a validated training programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schilling
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St Georges Hospital, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, England, SW17 0QT.
| | - R Shaw
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool & Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, L9 7AL
| | - A Schache
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool & Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, Merseyside, England, L9 7AL
| | - J McMahon
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Rd, Govan, Glasgow, Scotland, G51 4TF
| | - S Chegini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ
| | - C Kerawala
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, Chelsea, London SW3 6JJ
| | - M McGurk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, Fitzrovia, London NW1 2BU
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Prettyjohns M, Winter S, Kerawala C, Paleri V. Transoral laser microsurgery versus radiation therapy in the management of T1 and T2 laryngeal glottic carcinoma: which modality is cost-effective within the UK? Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42:404-415. [PMID: 27966287 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the most cost-effective treatment strategy in patients with early stage (T1 and T2) cancers of the laryngeal glottis. DESIGN A Markov decision model populated using data from updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses, with attributable costs from NHS sources. Data on local control and mortality were obtained from updates of existing systematic reviews conducted for the NICE guideline on cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. Procedure costs were sourced from NHS reference costs 2013/14 by applying tariffs associated with the appropriate health resource group code SETTING: The UK National Health Service. POPULATION Patients with early stage (T1 and T2) cancers of the laryngeal glottis. INTERVENTIONS Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and radiation therapy (RT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total costs, incremental costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) over a 10-year time horizon. RESULTS Radiation therapy as the initial treatment strategy was found to be more expensive (£2654 versus £623) and less effective (QALY reduction of 0.141 and 0.04 in T1a and T1b-T2 laryngeal cancers, respectively) than TLM. The dominance of TLM for T1a cancers was unchanged in most scenarios modelled in sensitivity analysis. For T1b-T2 laryngeal cancers, the result changed in numerous scenarios. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, TLM was found to have a 71% and 58% probability of being cost-effective in T1a and T1b-T2 laryngeal cancers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Transoral laser microsurgery is a cost-effective strategy to adopt in the management of T1a laryngeal cancers. Uncertainty remains over the optimal strategy to adopt in T1b-T2 laryngeal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prettyjohns
- National Collaborating Centre for Cancer, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Winter
- Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | | | - V Paleri
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Paleri V, Kerawala C, Winter S, Robinson M, Jarrom D, Prettyjohns M. Upper aerodigestive tract cancer: summary of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for England and Wales. Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 42:3-10. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Paleri
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | | | - S. Winter
- Oxford University Hospitals; Oxford UK
| | - M. Robinson
- Cancer Research Centre; Weston Park Hospital; Sheffield UK
| | - D. Jarrom
- National Collaborating Centre for Cancer; Cardiff UK
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Abstract
This is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. With only limited high-level evidence for management of nasal and paranasal sinus cancers owing to low incidence and diverse histology, this paper provides recommendations on the work up and management based on the existing evidence base. Recommendations • Sinonasal tumours are best treated de novo and unusual polyps should be imaged and biopsied prior to definitive surgery. (G) • Treatment of sinonasal malignancy should be carefully planned and discussed at a specialist skull base multidisciplinary team meeting with all relevant expertise. (G) • Complete surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for inverted papilloma and juvenile angiofibroma. (R) • Essential equipment is necessary and must be available prior to commencing endonasal resection of skull base malignancy. (G) • Endoscopic skull base surgery may be facilitated by two surgeons working simultaneously, utilising both sides of the nose. (G) • To ensure the optimum oncological results, the primary tumour must be completely removed and margins checked by frozen section if necessary. (G) • The most common management approach is surgery followed by post-operative radiotherapy, ideally within six weeks. (R) • Radiation is given first if a response to radiation may lead to organ preservation. (G) • Radiotherapy should be delivered within an accredited department using megavoltage photons from a linear accelerator (typical energies 4-6 MV) as an unbroken course. (R).
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Lund
- Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - P M Clarke
- Department of ENT, Charing Cross and Royal Marsden Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A C Swift
- Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - G W McGarry
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - D Carnell
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital, London, UK
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Cymerman J, Kulkarni R, Gilbert K, Kerawala C, Bisase B, Visavadia B, Gilhooly M, Amin M, Kumar M, McCaul J. Cook-Swartz implantable Doppler: an ongoing UK analysis: arterial vs. venous placement: is there a difference? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.08.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical metastases from breast carcinoma are rare and their management is controversial. Between 1987 and 2002 the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staged patients with supraclavicular fossa nodal disease as M1 but the subsequent demonstration that patients with regional stage IV disease had better outcomes than visceral stage IV disease led to a reclassification of the former to stage IIIC in 2003. The literature remains inconsistent regarding the fate of these patients. Despite the attendant morbidity of treatment and lack of knowledge regarding long-term survival, we hypothesised that current practice varies in the UK and a unified approach does not exist. The aim of this study was therefore to determine current practice and opinion of both head and neck specialists and breast cancer clinicians in the UK. METHODS Questionnaires were disseminated to 185 head and neck surgeons, breast surgeons and their oncology counterparts. These outlined a clinical scenario of a patient with a history of T3 primary breast cancer presenting with cervical and supraclavicular nodal metastases, with opinion being sought regarding the significance of this status and the individual's practical approach to the problem. The extent of any proposed neck dissection was also explored. RESULTS Of the 117 respondents, a noticeable variation in opinion was evident. Contrary to the current AJCC staging, 61% of clinicians felt that both level V and III metastases represented stage IV disease. There was a tendency towards aggressive surgical treatment with a third recommending comprehensive neck dissection despite a lack of evidence base. A disparity was noted between adjuvant treatments offered and the final pN stage. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that at present there is widespread inconsistency in the management of breast carcinoma cervical metastases in the UK. There is a need to unify practice with an evidence base in order to improve informed multidisciplinary decision making and, ultimately, patient care. This study goes some way to supporting multicentre collaboration in order to achieve that aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bisase
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
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12
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Dwivedi R, St. Rose S, Chisholm E, Clarke P, Kerawala C, Nutting C, Rhys-Evans P, Harrington K, Kazi R. 47. First speech-specific perceptual speech evaluation scale for head and neck cancer patients – Development and validation of the London speech evaluation scale. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Blythe J, Reuther W, Moorthy A, Ethunandan M, Ilankovan V, Sharma S, Anand R, Brennan P, Kerawala C. Management of the clinically negative neck in head and neck patients with merkel cell carcinoma. The experiences on the South Coast of England and The Royal Marsden Hospital. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2012.04.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Bisase B, Skilbeck C, Kerawala C, Spencer C. O20. Current practice in the management of the neck after chemo-radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced oro-pharyngeal SCC. Oral Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Dwivedi R, St. Rose S, Chisholm E, Heywood R, Kerawala C, Clarke P. O8. A report on the development and validation of a specific speech evaluation tool “The London Speech Evaluation ‘LSE’ scale” for Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients. Oral Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.06.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Bisase B, Skilbeck C, Spencer C, Kerawala C. Current practice in the management of the neck after chemo-radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced oro-pharyngeal SCC. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Kerawala C, Cascarini L, Bisase B. The use of CT angiography in the identification of peroneal artery perforators prior to fibula flap harvest. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Bisase B, Kerawala C. Breast metastases to the neck—is there currently an evidenced-based approach in UK practice? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kerawala C. Finite element modelling of mandibular reconstruction techniques. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Mustafa E, Kerawala C, Manisali M, Mitchell D, Parmar S, Standring S. Computer visualisation and interactive graphical modelling for successful planning and demonstration of maxillofacial procedures. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.03.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Dwivedi R, Kerawala C, Clarke P, Nutting C, Rhys-Evans P, Harrington K, Kazi R. Determinants of swallowing functions in surgically treated oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients: First report on the utility of Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ). Eur J Surg Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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22
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Dwivedi R, Kerawala C, Clarke P, Nutting C, Rhys-Evans P, Harrington K, Kazi R. Acoustic parameters of speech in post-surgical oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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23
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Scott N, Kerawala C. The role of radiotherapy in the management of positive margins in parotid malignancy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.06.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Scott N, Tullet M, Kerawala C. Do patients continue to smoke and drink after treatment for oral cancer? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.07.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Scott N, Tullet M, Kerawala C. Do oral cancer patients return to full-time employment and feel socially acceptable after treatment? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Scott N, Kerawala C. The management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma—Does it fulfil national guidelines? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2007.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Avery B, Kerawala C, Brown AE. Oral & maxillofacial services. Br Dent J 2005; 198:756. [PMID: 15980843 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4812478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Kvist T, Riet C, Motamedi M, Hashemi H, Hoffman J, Alfter G, Kerawala C. Br Dent J 2000; 188:382-382. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Stomatitis glandularis is an unusual chronic inflammatory condition of the minor salivary glands, mainly affecting the lower lip. Two cases are reported, one of which was progressive and affected the glands of both the cheeks as well as the lips. After confirmation of the clinical diagnosis by histopathological appearances, treatment was by excision of the suppurating areas as staged procedures. Chronic irritation from dentures may have contributed to the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cannell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, London Hospital Medical College
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31
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Aitken C, Cannell H, Sefton AM, Kerawala C, Seymour A, Murphy M, Whiley RA, Williams JD. Comparative efficacy of oral doses of clindamycin and erythromycin in the prevention of bacteraemia. Br Dent J 1995; 178:418-22. [PMID: 7599015 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4808789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two antibiotics, clindamycin and erythromycin, were compared in a double-blind trial to test their efficacy in the prevention of post-dental extraction bacteraemia with streptococci in a group of 40 healthy patients. Tolerance to the oral doses was tested by questionnaire. Levels of drug in the serum were estimated using a microbiological assay. An in-vitro blood culture system was used as an analogy of the persistence of a bacteraemia in the presence of high levels of antibiotic. Isolates of streptococci were identified to species level. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin and of erythromycin for each isolate were estimated. Results showed satisfactory levels of antibiotics in the blood for activity against oral streptococci. Clindamycin was slightly more effective than erythromycin in the prevention of post-extraction streptococcal bacteraemia but that efficacy was only 45%. Clindamycin as a single oral dose of 600 mg was well tolerated by patients compared with erythromycin 1.5 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aitken
- Department of Medical Microbiology, London Hospital Medical College
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32
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Abstract
We document a case of a patient who had been treated for a medullary cell carcinoma of the thyroid three years previously and who presented with a three month history of ataxia, weakness and headache. A CT scan showed contrast enhancing lesions in the posterior fossa. An MIBG uptake scan showed that there was some uptake in the cerebellar lesions; however, it was not sufficient to rely on this alone for treatment. The larger of these lesions was therefore surgically resected. Immunocytochemistry, using CAM 5.2, CEA and chromogranin, demonstrated a positive reaction which strongly favoured a diagnosis of metastases from a medullary cell carcinoma of the thyroid. However, absolute confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained using immunocytochemistry with calcitonin. Medullary cell carcinomas of the thyroid usually spread locally and metastasis to the brain has never before been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timothy
- Regional Neurosciences Department, Brook General Hospital, Woolwich, London, UK
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33
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Abstract
A pressure type syringe was used to give intraligamentary injections (IL) to upper teeth of two formulations commonly used in general practice, lignocaine and prilocaine. Assay of plasma levels of drug was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography. Results of assays after intraligamentary injections were then compared with results of assays after intravenous injections of plain drug in the same subjects. Both formulations of local anaesthetic were found as peak levels in the circulation, presumably after intraosseous spread, by 2 minutes following the intraligamentary injections. For lignocaine the peak amount was nearly 7% of the intravenous dose and for prilocaine the peak amount was 25% of the intravenous dose, at 2 minutes after injection. It was concluded that IL injections for healthy adults were unlikely to cause systemic unwanted effects when given in small doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cannell
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, London Hospital Medical College
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34
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Cannell H, Kerawala C, Sefton AM, Maskell JP, Seymour A, Sun ZM, Williams JD. Failure of two macrolide antibiotics to prevent post-extraction bacteraemia. Br Dent J 1991; 171:170-3. [PMID: 1832916 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4807639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two macrolide antibiotics, erythromycin and josamycin, were compared in a double-blind trial to examine their efficacy in the prevention of post-dental extraction bacteraemia in a group of healthy patients. An in vitro blood culture system was used. Isolates of streptococci were identified to species level. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin and of josamycin for each isolate were estimated by an agar dilution technique, with controls. Levels of drug in the serum of volunteers and of patients were assayed after oral doses of the macrolide antibiotics. Levels found achieved early peaks and satisfactory concentrations for activity against streptococci. Within the specified parameters, the results demonstrated that the antibiotics failed to prevent survival in blood culture of various strains of streptococci for up to 24 hours following collection of the blood. It is recommended that an alternative antibiotic to either erythromycin or to josamycin be used to achieve prophylaxis against streptococci in infective endocarditis risk patients who are allergic to penicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cannell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The London Hospital Medical College
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35
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Maskell JP, Sefton AM, Cannell H, Kerawala C, Seymour A, Sun ZM, Williams JD. Predominance of resistant oral streptococci in saliva and the effect of a single course of josamycin or erythromycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1990; 26:539-48. [PMID: 2254223 DOI: 10.1093/jac/26.4.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the influence of the macrolides erythromycin and josamycin on the selection of resistant oral streptococci by sampling saliva of volunteers before and after oral administration of 1.5 g of either agent followed by a further 0.5 g of the same drug after 6 h, as in routine prophylaxis for oral or dental procedures. The small proportion of resistant organisms present before antibiotic administration increased substantially 48 h after the macrolides were given. After antibiotic administration mean counts of oral streptococci resistant to 1, 4 and 64 mg/l erythromycin were 23%, 17% and 6%, respectively, of the total numbers of streptococci isolated; after josamycin, the values were 13%, 6% and 4% respectively. The proportion of resistant streptococci then declined gradually but remained above pre-antibiotic levels three months later. Streptococci isolated on media containing 64 mg/l of macrolides were mainly Streptococcus sanguis and S. mitis with one isolate of S. salivarius; the majority were resistant to 256 mg/l erythromycin, josamycin, all other macrolides tested and clindamycin. Amoxycillin and pristinamycin were the only compounds tested that were inhibitory to these organisms at therapeutically attainable concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Maskell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
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36
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Sefton AM, Maskell JP, Kerawala C, Cannell H, Seymour A, Sun ZM, Williams JD. Comparative efficacy and tolerance of erythromycin and josamycin in the prevention of bacteraemia following dental extraction. J Antimicrob Chemother 1990; 25:975-84. [PMID: 2196261 DOI: 10.1093/jac/25.6.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tolerance and pharmacokinetics of erythromycin stearate and josamycin base were compared in healthy dental students. The efficacy and tolerance of the two antibiotics were compared in the prevention of bacteraemia following dental extraction. Erythromycin achieved higher serum levels at the time of extraction in dental patients than did josamycin. Erythromycin was rapidly and better absorbed than josamycin in the student volunteers, but josamycin caused less gastrointestinal side effects than erythromycin. Both antibiotics were only marginally more effective than placebo in preventing bacteraemia following dental extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Sefton
- Department of Medical Microbiology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
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