1
|
Moore L, Melin H, O'Donoghue J, Stallard TS, Moses JI, Galand M, Miller S, Schmidt CA. Modelling H 3+ in planetary atmospheres: effects of vertical gradients on observed quantities. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20190067. [PMID: 31378180 PMCID: PMC6710898 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Since its detection in the aurorae of Jupiter approximately 30 years ago, the H3+ ion has served as an invaluable probe of giant planet upper atmospheres. However, the vast majority of monitoring of planetary H3+ radiation has followed from observations that rely on deriving parameters from column-integrated paths through the emitting layer. Here, we investigate the effects of density and temperature gradients along such paths on the measured H3+ spectrum and its resulting interpretation. In a non-isothermal atmosphere, H3+ column densities retrieved from such observations are found to represent a lower limit, reduced by 20% or more from the true atmospheric value. Global simulations of Uranus' ionosphere reveal that measured H3+ temperature variations are often attributable to well-understood solar zenith angle effects rather than indications of real atmospheric variability. Finally, based on these insights, a preliminary method of deriving vertical temperature structure is demonstrated at Jupiter using model reproductions of electron density and H3+ measurements. The sheer diversity and uncertainty of conditions in planetary atmospheres prohibits this work from providing blanket quantitative correction factors; nonetheless, we illustrate a few simple ways in which the already formidable utility of H3+ observations in understanding planetary atmospheres can be enhanced. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Advances in hydrogen molecular ions: H3+, H5+ and beyond'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Moore
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H. Melin
- University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - J. O'Donoghue
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | | | - M. Galand
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Miller
- University College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomlinson IPM, Dunlop M, Campbell H, Zanke B, Gallinger S, Hudson T, Koessler T, Pharoah PD, Niittymäkix I, Tuupanenx S, Aaltonen LA, Hemminki K, Lindblom A, Försti A, Sieber O, Lipton L, van Wezel T, Morreau H, Wijnen JT, Devilee P, Matsuda K, Nakamura Y, Castellví-Bel S, Ruiz-Ponte C, Castells A, Carracedo A, Ho JWC, Sham P, Hofstra RMW, Vodicka P, Brenner H, Hampe J, Schafmayer C, Tepel J, Schreiber S, Völzke H, Lerch MM, Schmidt CA, Buch S, Moreno V, Villanueva CM, Peterlongo P, Radice P, Echeverry MM, Velez A, Carvajal-Carmona L, Scott R, Penegar S, Broderick P, Tenesa A, Houlston RS. COGENT (COlorectal cancer GENeTics): an international consortium to study the role of polymorphic variation on the risk of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:447-54. [PMID: 19920828 PMCID: PMC2816642 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now recognised that a part of the inherited risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) can be explained by the co-inheritance of low-penetrance genetic variants. The accumulated experience to date in identifying these variants has served to highlight difficulties in conducting statistically and methodologically rigorous studies and follow-up analyses. The COGENT (COlorectal cancer GENeTics) consortium includes 20 research groups in Europe, Australia, the Americas, China and Japan. The overarching goal of COGENT is to identify and characterise low-penetrance susceptibility variants for CRC through association-based analyses. In this study, we review the rationale for identifying low-penetrance variants for CRC and our proposed strategy for establishing COGENT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I P M Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - M Dunlop
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC-HGU, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - H Campbell
- Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH89AG, UK
| | - B Zanke
- The Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, The MaRS Center, 101 College St, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- The University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, 101 Smythe Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
- Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2L7
| | - S Gallinger
- Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2L7
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - T Hudson
- The Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, The MaRS Center, 101 College St, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - T Koessler
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P D Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Niittymäkix
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum 9, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Tuupanenx
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum 9, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum 9, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Hemminki
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CMM02, Stockholm S17176, Sweden
| | - A Försti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CMM02, Stockholm S17176, Sweden
| | - O Sieber
- LCCI Biomarker Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, PO Box 2008, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - L Lipton
- LCCI Biomarker Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, PO Box 2008, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - T van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA LEIDEN 2333, The Netherlands
| | - H Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA LEIDEN 2333, The Netherlands
| | - J T Wijnen
- Departments of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA LEIDEN 2333, The Netherlands
| | - P Devilee
- Departments of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA LEIDEN 2333, The Netherlands
| | - K Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Castellví-Bel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica (FPGMX), CIBERER, Genomic Medicine Group-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - A Castells
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Carracedo
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica (FPGMX), CIBERER, Genomic Medicine Group-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - J W C Ho
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - P Sham
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - R M W Hofstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.0001, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - P Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - H Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - J Hampe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstraße 12, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - C Schafmayer
- POPGEN Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, Kiel 24105, Germany
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - J Tepel
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - S Schreiber
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstraße 12, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- Institut für Community Medicine, University Hospital Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 48, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | - M M Lerch
- Klinik für Innere Medizin A University Hospital Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Strasse 23a, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | - C A Schmidt
- Klinik für Innere Medizin C, University Hospital Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | - S Buch
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstraße 12, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - V Moreno
- IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology and University of Barcelona, Av Gran Via 199, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - C M Villanueva
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar) and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Doctor Aiguader, Barcelona 88 E-08003, Spain
| | - P Peterlongo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - P Radice
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - M M Echeverry
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Altos de Santa Helena, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - A Velez
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe, Calle 78 B No. 69-240, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L Carvajal-Carmona
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Altos de Santa Helena, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - R Scott
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S Penegar
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - P Broderick
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - A Tenesa
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC-HGU, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - R S Houlston
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Grabarczyk P, Przybylski GK, Depke M, Völker U, Bahr J, Assmus K, Bröker BM, Walther R, Schmidt CA. Inhibition of BCL11B expression leads to apoptosis of malignant but not normal mature T cells. Oncogene 2006; 26:3797-810. [PMID: 17173069 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma 11B gene (BCL11B) encodes a Krüppel-like zinc-finger protein, which plays a crucial role in thymopoiesis and has been associated with hematopoietic malignancies. It was hypothesized that BCL11B may act as a tumor-suppressor gene, but its precise function has not yet been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the survival of human T-cell leukemia and lymphoma cell lines is critically dependent on Bcl11b. Suppression of Bcl11b by RNA interference selectively induced apoptosis in transformed T cells whereas normal mature T cells remained unaffected. The apoptosis was effected by simultaneous activation of death receptor-mediated and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, most likely as a result of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) upregulation and suppression of the Bcl-xL antiapoptotic protein. Our data indicate an antiapoptotic function of Bcl11b. The resistance of normal mature T lymphocytes to Bcl11b suppression-induced apoptosis and restricted expression pattern make it an attractive therapeutic target in T-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Grabarczyk
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Przybylski GK, Dik WA, Wanzeck J, Grabarczyk P, Majunke S, Martin-Subero JI, Siebert R, Dölken G, Ludwig WD, Verhaaf B, van Dongen JJM, Schmidt CA, Langerak AW. Disruption of the BCL11B gene through inv(14)(q11.2q32.31) results in the expression of BCL11B-TRDC fusion transcripts and is associated with the absence of wild-type BCL11B transcripts in T-ALL. Leukemia 2005; 19:201-8. [PMID: 15668700 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is associated with chromosomal aberrations characterized by juxtaposition of proto-oncogenes to T-cell receptor gene loci (TCR), resulting in the deregulated transcription of these proto-oncogenes. Here, we describe the molecular characterization of a novel chromosomal aberration, inv(14)(q11.2q32.31), in a T-ALL sample, involving the recently described BCL11B gene and the TCRD locus. The inversion joined the 5' part of BCL11B, including exons 1-3, to the TRDD3 gene segment of the TCRD locus, whereas the reciprocal breakpoint fused the TRDV1 gene segment to the fourth exon of BCL11B. The TRDV1-BCL11B joining region was 1344 bp long and contained fragments derived from 20q11.22, 3p21.33 and from 11p12, indicating the complex character of this aberration. A strong expression of in-frame transcripts with truncated BCL11B and TCRD constant region (TRDC) were observed, but in contrast to normal T cells and other T-ALL samples, no wild-type BCL11B transcripts were detected in the T-ALL sample. Screening of 37 other T-ALLs revealed one additional case with expression of the BCL11B-TRDC fusion transcript. As BCL11B appears to play a key role in T-cell differentiation, BCL11B disruption and disturbed expression may contribute to the development of T-cell malignancies in man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G K Przybylski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Subklewe M, Nagy M, Schoch C, Jenisch S, Siebert R, Gesk S, Neuhaus P, Dörken B, Schmidt CA. Extramedullary manifestation of a donor-derived acute myeloid leukemia in a liver transplant patient. Leukemia 2004; 18:2050-3. [PMID: 15470493 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
6
|
Holdhoff M, Kreuzer KA, Appelt C, Scholz R, Jordan A, Hildebrandt B, Schmidt CA, Van Etten RA, Dörken B, Le Coutre P. Combined administration of imatinib mesylate and ionizing radiation leads to increased radiosensitivity in the human glioblastoma cell line RuSi RS1. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Holdhoff
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - K. A. Kreuzer
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - C. Appelt
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - R. Scholz
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - A. Jordan
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - B. Hildebrandt
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - C. A. Schmidt
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - R. A. Van Etten
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - B. Dörken
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - P. Le Coutre
- Charité, Campus Virchow, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Center of Biological Nanotechnology (CBN), Berlin, Germany; MORI, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Busemann C, Schmidt CA, Fendrich K, Hoffmann W. [Lung metastases of colorectal tumors: clinical background and development of care supply]. Radiologe 2004; 44:711-4. [PMID: 15221153 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-004-1075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of most cancers increases with age, including colorectal-, lung- and breast carcinomas. Each year, approximately 50,000 new cases of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are diagnosed in Germany with a peak incidence around the age of 65. At diagnosis, 50% of CRC-cases show already metastases. Cure of metastatic disease with chemotherapy, radiology or surgery alone or in combination can be rarely achieved in this situation. However, palliative therapy regimens can significantly prolong life in most cases. Besides systemic therapy, minimal invasive techniques for tumor reduction are an interesting option in the palliative situation, especially in elderly patients. Yet the clinical impact of these new techniques has to be determined in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Busemann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin C-Hämatologie und Onkologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramos AS, Schmidt CA, Andrade SS, Fronza M, Rafferty B, Dalmora SL. Biological evaluation of recombinant human erythropoietin in pharmaceutical products. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:1561-9. [PMID: 14576911 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003001100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The potencies of mammalian cell-derived recombinant human erythropoietin pharmaceutical preparations, from a total of five manufacturers, were assessed by in vivo bioassay using standardized protocols. Eight-week-old normocythemic mice received a single subcutaneous injection followed by blood sampling 96 h later or multiple daily injections with blood sampling 24 h after the last injection. Reticulocyte counting by microscopic examination was employed as the end-point using the brilliant cresyl blue or selective hemolysis methods, together with automated flow cytometry. Different injection schedules were investigated and dose-response curves for the European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparation of erythropoietin were compared. Manual and automated methods of reticulocyte counting were correlated with respect to assay validity and precision. Using 8 mice per treatment group, intra-assay precision determined for all of the assays in the study showed coefficients of variation of 12.1-28.4% for the brilliant cresyl blue method, 14.1-30.8% for the selective hemolysis method and 8.5-19.7% for the flow cytometry method. Applying the single injection protocol, a combination of at least two independent assays was required to achieve the precision potency and confidence limits indicated by the manufacturers, while the multiple daily injection protocol yielded the same acceptable results within a single assay. Although the latter protocol using flow cytometry for reticulocyte counting gave more precise and reproducible results (intra-assay coefficients of variation: 5.9-14.2%), the well-characterized manual methods provide equally valid alternatives for the quality control of recombinant human erythropoietin therapeutic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Ramos
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Andrade SS, Silveira RL, Schmidt CA, Júnior LB, Dalmora SL. Comparative evaluation of the human whole blood and human peripheral blood monocyte tests for pyrogens. Int J Pharm 2003; 265:115-24. [PMID: 14522124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two different in vitro tests for pyrogens, using human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMNC) and diluted whole blood (WBC), respectively, were applied to different classes of parenteral medicinal products. Many of these products did not have a specified endotoxin limit concentration that was established as the maximum valid dilution to comply with the test. The results of the in vitro tests for pyrogens were compared with the results from the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) and rabbit pyrogen tests. The Second International Standard for endotoxin was used to calibrate all of the assays and the International Standard for IL-6 was used to calibrate the IL-6 ELISA which provided the readout for the in vitro tests for pyrogens. Preparatory tests were conducted to ensure that the "criteria for validity and precision of the standard curve" were satisfied and that the drugs being tested did not interfere in the tests. The PBMNC/IL-6 test had a detection limit of 0.06 EU/ml and spike recoveries were 62-165%. The whole blood/IL-6 test also had a detection limit of 0.06 EU/ml and spike recoveries were 58-132%. The application to the detection of non-endotoxin pyrogens needs to be evaluated in more detail, but the two in vitro tests for pyrogens showed good agreement overall, both with each other and with the LAL test and the rabbit pyrogen test for the detection of endotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S S Andrade
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Health Science Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97.105-900, Santa Maria-RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Seehofer D, Rayes N, Steinmüller T, Schmidt CA, Settmacher U, Müller AR, Neuhaus P. Minimal impact of CMV infection on long-term survival after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:2272-3. [PMID: 12270394 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Seehofer
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplant Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lupberger J, Kreuzer KA, Baskaynak G, Peters UR, le Coutre P, Schmidt CA. Quantitative analysis of beta-actin, beta-2-microglobulin and porphobilinogen deaminase mRNA and their comparison as control transcripts for RT-PCR. Mol Cell Probes 2002; 16:25-30. [PMID: 12005444 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.2001.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Quantitation of target mRNAs using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction found a widespread field of application in diverse biomedical diagnostic assays. However, the problem of varying sample quality has to be solved by correcting target molecule amounts through detection of an endogenous control template. The choice of an appropriate reference gene is still object of debate as pseudogene co-amplification and expression level variations may limit the usefulness of some currently used reference reactions. We compared quantitative expression levels of the commonly used endogenous reference genes beta-actin (beta-actin), beta-2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBDG) using the TaqMan chemistry. With these assays we investigated the respective expression patterns in K562 cells and leucocytes of normal individuals as well as of malignoma patients. In K562 cells 1544+246 beta-actin, 65+30 beta2-MG and 22+/-8 PBDG copies/cell were detected. In normal leucocytes 491+/-97 beta-actin, 40+/-17 beta2-MG and <1 PBDG copies/cell were quantified. Leucocytes of various malignancies exhibited 84+/-51 beta-actin, 106+/-8 beta2-MG and <1 PBDG copies/cell. We conclude that beta2-MG is the most suitable reference gene tested as its variation between different sample origins and within distinct cell types was acceptable low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lupberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Charité Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt University Berlin, FRG
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Przybylski GK, Oettle H, Siegert W, Schmidt CA. Novel T-cell receptor delta gene rearrangement involving a recombining element located 2.6 kb 3' from the Vdelta2 gene segment. Leuk Res 2001; 25:1059-65. [PMID: 11684277 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(01)00081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a novel T-cell receptor delta (TCRdelta) gene rearrangement observed in acute myeloid leukemia with coexpression of T-lymphoid antigens (Ly+AML) and in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from one out of ten healthy donors. The rearrangement was identified by Southern blot analysis using a joining region (Jdelta1) specific probe and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a variable region (Vdelta2) and Jdelta1 specific primers. The nucleotide sequence analysis of an atypical 3000 bp PCR product allowed localization of the breakpoint within the TCRdelta gene locus, 2.6 kb 3' from the Vdelta2 gene segment. A regular Ddelta2-Ddelta3-Jdelta1 joining was found at the 3' end of the breakpoint, indicating that the rearrangement was mediated by the VDJ recombinase, but no TCRdelta gene segment was detected at the 5' end. Analysis of the germline sequence 3' from the breakpoint revealed an isolated recombination signal sequence (RSS) capable of initiating a rearrangement. The RSS motif described by us is the second TCRdelta recombining element (deltaRec2). The deltaRec2(Ddelta)Jdelta1 recombination is a rather rare event and can be found in acute leukemia and in PBL from healthy individuals. Most likely, the nonfunctional deltaRec2(Ddelta)Jdelta1 rearrangement is a transient step during the VDJ recombination. It may potentially lead to deletion of the deltaRec2(Ddelta)Jdelta1 complex and either to direct joining of a Vdelta region to one of the downstream Jdelta regions or to a rearrangement of the TCRalpha gene.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pickartz T, Ringel F, Wedde M, Renz H, Klein A, von Neuhoff N, Dreger P, Kreuzer KA, Schmidt CA, Srock S, Schoeler D, Schriever F. Selection of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell variants by therapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Exp Hematol 2001; 29:1410-6. [PMID: 11750099 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(01)00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody rituximab (Mabthera; IDEC-C2B8) is currently tested in several clinical trials for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In the present study, we investigated whether rituximab therapy may select for CD20(-) subclones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leukemic B-CLL cells were isolated from patients with B-CLL and sensitivity to rituximab-induced cell death was examined. Levels of CD20 protein and mRNA were determined using flow cytometry and real-time PCR, respectively. Clonality analyses of leukemic cells throughout rituximab therapy were performed by GeneScan analysis of patient clone specific rearrangements of the complementarity determining region III of the heavy chain immunoglobulin. RESULTS Cytotoxicity of rituximab in vitro did not depend on the protein levels of CD20. During therapy with rituximab CD20(+) B-CLL cells were depleted and CD20(-) leukemic cells emerged. After treatment, the initial CD20(+) B-CLL cell clone reexpanded. CD20(-) B-CLL cells retained their capacity to synthesize the CD20 molecule. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept that in B-CLL rituximab treatment may not lead to the emergence of CD20(-) leukemic variants. Our findings support clinical studies investigating the benefit of prolonged period of rituximab therapy in B-CLL disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antigens, CD20/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Base Sequence
- DNA Primers
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Variation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rituximab
- Transcription, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Pickartz
- Charité der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Einsele H, Bertz H, Beyer J, Kiehl MG, Runde V, Kolb HJ, Holler E, Beck R, Schwerdfeger R, Schumacher U, Hebart H, Martin H, Kienast J, Ullmann AJ, Maschmeyer G, Krüger W, Link H, Schmidt CA, Oettle H, Klingebiel T. [Epidemiology and interventional treatment strategies of infectious complications after allogenic stem-cell transplantation]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001; 126:1278-84. [PMID: 11700570 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Einsele
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universität Tübingen.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rayes N, Seehofer D, Schmidt CA, Oettle H, Müller AR, Steinmüller T, Settmacher U, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus P. Prospective randomized trial to assess the value of preemptive oral therapy for CMV infection following liver transplantation. Transplantation 2001; 72:881-5. [PMID: 11571454 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200109150-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of sensitive tests to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia, preemptive approaches become a reasonable alternative to general CMV prophylaxis. We performed a randomized trial comparing pp65-antigenemia guided preemptive therapy using oral ganciclovir with symptom-triggered intravenous ganciclovir treatment. METHODS Eighty-eight of 372 liver transplant recipients developed antigenemia early after orthotopic liver transplantation. Twenty-eight symptomatic patients with antigenemia were excluded from randomization and treated with intravenous ganciclovir. Sixty pp65-antigen-positive asymptomatic patients were randomized to receive either oral ganciclovir 3x1 g/day for 14 days (group 1) or no preemptive treatment (group 2). Patients that developed CMV disease were treated with intravenous ganciclovir 2x5 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. The high-risk (Donor+/Recipient-) patients were equally distributed in the two study groups. RESULTS Three of 30 (10%) patients on oral ganciclovir developed mild to moderate CMV disease compared with 6/30 (20%) patients in the control group. In the Donor+/Recipient- patients, the incidence of CMV disease was 1/6 and 3/7. All disease episodes resolved after intravenous treatment. The 1- and 3-year patient and organ survival was the same in the study groups and in the patients with or without CMV infection. No deaths related to CMV occurred. CONCLUSIONS The positive predictive value of pp65-antigenemia for the development of CMV disease was very low, and, in 28/88 patients (32%), antigenemia did not precede symptoms. Therefore, pp65-antigenemia is of limited value in deciding on the timing and need for ganciclovir therapy after liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Rayes
- Department of Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kreuzer KA, Saborowski A, Lupberger J, Appelt C, Na IK, le Coutre P, Schmidt CA. Fluorescent 5'-exonuclease assay for the absolute quantification of Wilms' tumour gene (WT1) mRNA: implications for monitoring human leukaemias. Br J Haematol 2001; 114:313-8. [PMID: 11529849 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumour gene (WT1) has been suggested as a powerful parameter for molecular monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) in leukaemias. However, molecular monitoring via WT1 RNA levels is far from being routinely performed, which is possibly owing to the complex and inaccurate quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedures. Using a newly-developed quantitative real time RT-PCR, we measured WT1 transcripts in peripheral blood leucocytes of patients with acute myeloid (AML), acute lymphoid (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). While healthy blood donors did not show measurable amounts of WT1 transcripts, WT1 RNA levels were detectable in all types of leukaemia. Furthermore, intraindividual WT1 transcript kinetics were exclusively dependent on disease progression, treatment and subsequent disease outcome. Using this approach, we could distinguish between treatment response and failure within the first days of therapeutic intervention. Moreover, gradually rising WT1 levels over a period of weeks and months paralleled long-term disease progression and appeared to be a prognostic indicator for subsequent clinical relapse. A linear correlation between quantities of WT1 and bcr/abl fusion transcripts could be seen in CML. We conclude that quantitative assessment of WT1 transcripts using real-time PCR is an appropriate method for molecular monitoring of AML, ALL and CML, and can be used independently for both short- and long-term monitoring of leukaemia patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Blood Transfusion, Autologous
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Case-Control Studies
- Follow-Up Studies
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Wilms Tumor
- Humans
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukocytes
- Lymphocyte Transfusion
- Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transplantation, Homologous
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Kreuzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Fakultät Charité der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Endesfelder S, Krahn A, Kreuzer KA, Lass U, Schmidt CA, Jahrmarkt C, von Moers A, Speer A. Elevated p21 mRNA level in skeletal muscle of DMD patients and mdx mice indicates either an exhausted satellite cell pool or a higher p21 expression in dystrophin-deficient cells per se. J Mol Med (Berl) 2001; 78:569-74. [PMID: 11199330 DOI: 10.1007/s001090000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in proliferation and differentiation of the dystrophin-deficient muscle are a controversial aspect of the pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Analyses of molecules involved in cell cycle modulation do not exist in this context. Cells withdrawn from the cell cycle permanently express p21. The fact that p2 1, in contrast to other cell cycle proteins, is not diminished when myotubes are reexposed to growth media, allocates this cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor a special function. Here we report for the first time statistically increased p21 mRNA levels in dystrophin-deficient muscle tissue. Only 42% of conventional RT-PCRs from six muscle samples of human controls yielded positive results but almost all skeletal muscle biopsy samples (87%) from DMD patients (n=5). For p21 mRNA quantification in murine muscle samples we were able to use the exact real-time TaqMan PCR method due to generally higher p21 mRNA levels than in human muscles. In addition, contamination with fibroblasts can be excluded for the murine samples because they do not demonstrate fibrosis at the age of 350 days but start to lose their regenerative capacity. In accord with the results in humans, we observed p21 mRNA levels in mdx mice that were approx. four times as high as those in control mice. Elevated p21 mRNA level may indicate a shift in cell composition towards differentiated p21 expressing cells as a result of an exhausted pool of undifferentiated, non-p21-expressing satellite cells due to previous cycles of de- and regeneration. Alternatively, dystrophin-deficient cells per se may express higher p21 levels for unknown reasons. Although we cannot distinguish between these possibilities, the eventual transfec tion of a patient's own satellite cells with p21 antisense oligonucleotides may enable the dystrophic process to be influenced.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Child
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Mutation
- Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/genetics
- Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Endesfelder
- Technische Fachhochschule Berlin, University of Applied Science, Department of Biotechnology, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ciftci O, Ullrich O, Schmidt CA, Diestel A, Hass R. Regulation of the nuclear proteasome activity in myelomonocytic human leukemia cells after adriamycin treatment. Blood 2001; 97:2830-8. [PMID: 11313278 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.9.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of different human leukemia cell variants with the anthracycline adriamycin was associated with a rapid activation of the proteasome. Thus, proliferating U937, TUR, and retrodifferentiated U937 cells exhibited a 4.3-fold, 5.8-fold, and 4.3-fold proteasome activation within 15 minutes after adriamycin treatment, respectively. In contrast, little if any proteasome activation was detectable in a growth-arrested differentiated U937 population following adriamycin treatment. Further analysis of this mechanism revealed a significant reduction of adriamycin-induced proteasome activity after inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by 3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA) in the proliferating leukemic cell types. These findings suggested that PARP is involved in the regulation of drug-induced proteasome activation. Indeed, anti-PARP immunoprecipitation experiments of adriamycin-treated cells revealed increasing levels of coprecipitated, enzymatically active proteasome particularly in the proliferating cell variants in contrast to the differentiated U937 cells, with a maximum after 15 minutes, and sensitivity to PARP inhibition by 3-ABA. The specific role of the PARP was investigated in U937 and TUR cell clones stably transfected with a constitutively active antisense PARP (asPARP) vector. Thus, asPARP-TUR cells developed a 25-fold increased sensitivity to adriamycin treatment. Furthermore, we investigated leukemic blasts isolated from acute myelogenous leukemia patients and obtained a similarly enhanced proteasome activity after adriamycin treatment, which was dependent on the PARP and thus could be coprecipitated with anti-PARP antibodies. Transient transfection of leukemic blasts with the asPARP vector significantly reduced the adriamycin-induced proteasome activation. These data suggest that the PARP-associated nuclear proteasome activation represents a potential target within chemotherapeutic defense mechanisms developed by leukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Ciftci
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Institute of Anatomy, and Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Solassol J, Kreuzer KA, Lass U, Schmidt CA. Epstein-Barr virus DNA quantitation assessed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction in a case of Burkitt's lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2001; 41:669-73. [PMID: 11378585 DOI: 10.3109/10428190109060358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A real-time PCR technique was used to quantify EBV DNA load in plasma, leukocytes, peritoneal cells, ascites and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at diagnosis and during the follow-up of a 21-year-old patient suffering from an abdominal form of EBV-associated Burkitt's lymphoma. The EBV DNA load correlated well with the clinical and biological remission status of the patient after chemotherapy confirming that EBV DNA quantitation in plasma and leukocytes from peripheral blood can be considered as a marker of the tumor load and can be analyzed in parallel for monitoring of EBV-related malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Solassol
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Fakultät Charité der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Seeger K, Kreuzer KA, Lass U, Taube T, Buchwald D, Eckert C, Körner G, Schmidt CA, Henze G. Molecular quantification of response to therapy and remission status in TEL-AML1-positive childhood ALL by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cancer Res 2001; 61:2517-22. [PMID: 11289124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Although TEL-AML1 positivity [translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22)], detected in 20-25% of initial childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), has been associated with an excellent prognosis, its positive predictive value is insufficient for appropriate treatment stratification considering reported prevalence in relapsed ALL (3-28%). Molecular quantification of response to therapy by PCR-based methods has been shown to improve risk assessment. Here, we report on the sensitive quantification of leukemia-specific TEL-AML1 fusion transcript levels normalized to beta-actin expression (sensitivity threshholds, 10(-5)) by a novel real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RQ-RT-PCR) based on fluorescent TaqMan technique providing early and rapid evidence on the treatment efficacy of children with initial or relapsed TEL-AML1+ ALL enrolled in frontline or relapse trials of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (BFM)-Study Group. In initial ALL, TEL-AML1/beta-actin decrease was > or =10(5)-fold in 50% of patients after induction therapy (day 33) and stayed TEL-AML1-negative throughout therapy, which suggested high sensitivity of leukemic cells to antineoplastic therapy. The remaining patients were still TEL-AML1+ before reintensification (ratios, 0.7 x 10(-2):10(-4)). In relapsed ALL, TEL-AML1/beta-actin decrease was generally less pronounced at corresponding time points, and conversion to TEL-AML1 negativity was observed in 40% of patients. Most notably, subsequent relapses occurred only among molecular poor responders, whereas all early responders remain in their second complete remission. In conclusion, real-time quantification of TEL-AML1/beta-actin kinetics distinguishes distinct molecular response groups, and provides indications capable of directing therapeutic interventions for patients with TEL-AML1+ ALL. Before considering modification of therapy, results should be interpreted cautiously taking into account the long duration of remission associated with TEL-AML1+ ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Seeger
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto-Heubner-Centrum Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kreuzer KA, Bohn A, Lupberger J, Solassol J, le Coutre P, Schmidt CA. Simultaneous absolute quantification of target and control templates by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription-PCR using 4-(4'-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid as a dark quencher dye. Clin Chem 2001; 47:486-90. [PMID: 11238301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the many advantages of real-time fluorescence reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) as a quantitative analytical tool, simultaneous quantification of target and reference templates within one reaction has not been reported. We developed such an assay with an internal reference template. METHODS For quantification of target and reference sequences, we used two fluorescent probes in one reaction vessel on an ABI PRISM 7700 SDS instrument. Fluorescent probes were labeled with either 6-carboxy-fluorescein or hexachloro-6-carboxy-fluorescein as reporter dye and 4-(4'-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid (DABCYL) as a dark quencher fluorophore. To test the sensitivity and specificity of this assay, serial dilutions of reference and target templates were analyzed in one PCR reaction. In the presence of 10 beta-actin molecules as control templates, 10(5) bcr/abl molecules were amplified, and 10(5) beta-actin molecules were amplified in the presence of 10 bcr/abl copies. We also performed single and duplex measurements on samples from five patients with documented Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia disease courses (72 samples) and three with minor bcr/abl+ acute myelogenous leukemias (26 samples). RESULTS For M-bcr/abl duplex RT-PCR, the correlation coefficient (r) for starting template amounts and threshold cycle values was 0.99; for m-bcr/abl, r = 0.96, indicating a precise log-linear relation for 10-10(5) copies/100 ng of cDNA. In the same PCR reactions, r = 0.99 for beta-actin (coamplified with M-bcr/abl or m-bcr/abl) for 10(3)-10(7) copies/100 ng cDNA. The linear correlation coefficient for single and duplex measurements was 0.98 for M- and m-bcr/abl in patient samples. CONCLUSIONS DABCYL can be used as dark quencher fluorophore in real-time fluorescence PCR. The duplex fluorescence RT-PCR assay for bcr/abl and beta-actin transcripts allows monitoring of bcr/abl+ leukemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Kreuzer
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Fakultät Charité der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rayes N, Seehofer D, Schmidt CA, Müller AR, Steinmüller T, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus P. Is preemptive therapy for CMV infection following liver transplantation superior to symptom-triggered treatment? Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1804. [PMID: 11267520 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Rayes
- Department of Surgery, Charite Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Most contemporary models of hematopoiesis assume lineage fidelity of early progenitor cells. Along with this concept normal hematopoietic cells and the majority of leukemias express exclusively myeloid or lymphoid specific antigens. On the other hand, growing evidence exists challenging the lineage fidelity model. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the blast crisis may switch to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and as a result of the chemotherapy ALL may converse to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Furthermore, a substantial portion of leukemia cases, named acute mixed-lineage leukemia (AMLL), show simultaneous expression of both myeloid and lymphoid antigens. Immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements, correlating with myeloid-lymphoid immunophenotype in AMLL, support the hypothesis of lineage infidelity of early progenitor cells, rather than the aberrant antigen expression. Based on a detailed characterization of AMLL we present a modified model of a "common myeloid/lymphoid progenitor cell". This hypothetical very early hematopoietic progenitor cell shows a transient expression of myeloid and B- or T-lymphoid antigen and may also have rearranged its Ig and/or TCR genes. Subsequently, myeloid or lymphoid markers are downregulated and the hematopoietic cell enters either myeloid, T-lymphoid or B-lymphoid differentiation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Schmidt
- Humboldt Universität Berlin, Charite Campus Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kern WV, Beyer J, Böhme A, Buchheidt D, Cornely O, Einsele H, Kisro J, Krüger W, Maschmeyer G, Ruhnke M, Schmidt CA, Schwartz S, Szelenyi H. [Prophylaxis of infection in neutropenic patients. Guidelines of the Working Party on Infections in Hematology and Oncology]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2000; 125:1582-8. [PMID: 11199452 DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-9552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W V Kern
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Ulm.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITT) is an immunomediated disorder induced by the administration of heparin for therapeutic purposes. The presence of this condition in patients requiring full heparinization for cardiopulmonary bypass constitutes a formidable challenge for the cardiac surgeon. In this review, the clinical and experimental experience described in the literature are discussed in the perspective of the normal coagulation and the pathophysiology of HITT and in the light of a variety of old and new alternative anticoagulants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Follis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tschan MP, Grob TJ, Peters UR, Laurenzi VD, Huegli B, Kreuzer KA, Schmidt CA, Melino G, Fey MF, Tobler A, Cajot JF. Enhanced p73 expression during differentiation and complex p73 isoforms in myeloid leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 277:62-5. [PMID: 11027640 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The p53 homologue p73 is expressed in at least six different isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, and zeta), but unlike p53 it has rarely been found mutated in human cancers. However, altered expression of this gene has been reported in cancer cells. In order to understand if p73 is involved in normal and malignant development of myeloid cells, we investigated the expression pattern of the different p73 isoforms in progenitor and mature normal myeloid cells as well as in cells derived from acute and chronic myeloid leukemias. The results show that expression of p73 is markedly enhanced during differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells and that leukemic blasts from patients show an increased expression of the shorter p73 isoforms (gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta). In particular the epsilon isoform is only expressed in leukemic cells and completely absent in mature myeloid cells. Altogether our data suggest that p73 is involved in myeloid differentiation and its altered expression is involved in leukemic degeneration.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Blotting, Southern
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Myeloid Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Progenitor Cells/cytology
- Myeloid Progenitor Cells/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Protein p73
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Tschan
- Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Medical Oncology, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Herpes viruses have been implicated in the etiology of Hodgkin's disease (HD). We studied the prevalence of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes viruses type-6 (HHV-6), type-7 (HHV-7) and type 8 (HHV-8) DNA in up to 88 Hodgkin's disease biopsies in comparison to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and reactive lesions served as controls. CMV and HHV-6 were found in 8/86 (9%) and 11/88 (13%) HD cases, respectively, by nested primer PCR. Except for three cases harbouring HHV-6 type-B, only HHV-6 type-A was detected in HD. HHV-7 was observed by nested PCR in 33/88 (38%) HD cases and was already detectable in 15/88 (17%) HD cases by a single-round PCR indicating elevated virus copy numbers. Seven of these cases showed co-infection with HHV-6, and 11 cases were found to contain EBV DNA. 7/8 CMV-positive HD cases also harboured EBV DNA. HHV-8 DNA was not detected by single round or nested PCR in any HD case investigated. Thus, CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7 were present in small proportions of HD cases, with frequent co-infection of HHV-6 and HHV-7, and frequent association with EBV. In contrast to EBV, beta-herpes viruses are therefore unlikely to have a role in the aetiology of HD. Rather, the presence of these viruses seems to reflect impaired immunological surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Schmidt
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Burmeister T, Maurer J, Aivado M, Elmaagacli AH, Grünebach F, Held KR, Hess G, Hochhaus A, Höppner W, Lentes KU, Lübbert M, Schäfer KL, Schafhausen P, Schmidt CA, Schüler F, Seeger K, Seelig R, Thiede C, Viehmann S, Weber C, Wilhelm S, Christmann A, Clement JH, Ebener U, Enczmann J, Leo R, Schleuning M, Schoch R, Thiel E. Quality assurance in RT-PCR-based BCR/ABL diagnostics--results of an interlaboratory test and a standardization approach. Leukemia 2000; 14:1850-6. [PMID: 11021760 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the results of an interlaboratory test for RT-PCR-based BCR/ABL analysis. The test was organized in two parts. The number of participating laboratories in the first and second part was 27 and 20, respectively. In the first part samples containing various concentrations of plasmids with the ela2, b2a2 or b3a2 BCR/ABL transcripts were analyzed by PCR. In the second part of the test, cell samples containing various concentrations of BCR/ABL-positive cells were analyzed by RT-PCR. Overall PCR sensitivity was sufficient in approximately 90% of the tests, but a significant number of false positive results were obtained. There were significant differences in sensitivity in the cell-based analysis between the various participants. The results are discussed, and proposals are made regarding the choice of primers, controls, conditions for RNA extraction and reverse transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Burmeister
- Freie Universität Berlin, Med Klinik III, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rayes N, Oettle H, Schmidt CA, Lohmann R, Steinmüller T, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus P. Preemptive therapy in CMV-antigen positive patients after liver transplantation--a prospective trial. Ann Transplant 2000; 4:12-7. [PMID: 10850585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preemptive therapy with intravenous ganciclovir and CMV-hyperimmunoglobulin in asymptomatic CMV pp65-antigen positive patients was compared with treatment of only symptomatic CMV-disease after liver transplantation in an open prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS 48 out of 200 liver transplant recipients became positive during six weeks follow-up after transplantation. 17 out of these 48 patients who were already symptomatic at the time of positive antigen testing were successfully treated with ganciclovir and CMV-hyperimmunoglobulin. 31 asymptomatic antigen-positive patients were randomised to receive preemptive therapy or to receive therapy only at onset of clinical symptoms. RESULTS Only two out of 15 patients in this latter group without preemptive therapy developed CMV-syndrome and were successfully treated with intravenous ganciclovir. 13 patients did not experience any clinical symptoms or disease and were therefore spared unneccessary toxicity and costs. The overall incidence of CMV-infection and -disease in the whole study population of 200 liver transplant recipients was 25% and 10%. As expected, CMV-negative patients who received an organ from a seropositive donor were at a higher risk of CMV-infection and -disease, but did not show more severe infections clinically. Patients with IL-2 receptor antibody induction therapy seemed to have a higher risk for CMV-infection and -disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Rayes
- Department of Surgery, Charite Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
A real-time PCR assay was developed to quantify human cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA. This assay was used to demonstrate a higher CMV DNA load in plasma of bone marrow transplant patients than in that of blood donors. The CMV load was higher in CMV antigen-positive patients than in antigen-negative patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nitsche
- Klinik für Innere Medizin m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Charité-Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kreuzer KA, Lass U, Nagel S, Ellerbrok H, Pauli G, Pawlaczyk-Peter B, Siegert W, Huhn D, Schmidt CA. Applicability of an absolute quantitative procedure to monitor intra-individual bcr/abl transcript kinetics in clinical samples from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Int J Cancer 2000; 86:741-6. [PMID: 10797300 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(20000601)86:5<741::aid-ijc22>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric bcr/abl fusion proteins are thought to be the molecular 'pathogen' of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML). Expression levels of the respective fusion RNAs reflect disease progression as well as remission upon therapeutic intervention in CML patients. However, there is no quick and reliable method that would allow the quantitative routine monitoring of bcr/abl hybrid transcripts. A fluorescent probe-based PCR assay (TaqMan) has been described to quantitfy the exact amount of target sequences. We have established TaqMan real-time RT-PCRs for M-bcr/abl (b2a2, b2a3, b3a2, b3a3) and m-bcr/abl (e1a2) fusion transcripts as well as for beta-actin. All PCRs quantified as little as 10 copies/100 ng total cDNA. In order to investigate whether this procedure is appropriate for routine diagnostic monitoring, we performed retrospective measurements on 9 documented CML disease courses. Our data show that ongoing or relapsing CML is paralleled by increasing peripheral levels of bcr/abl fusion RNAs. Furthermore, sucessful anti-leukemic treatment is reflected by decreasing absolute bcr/abl transcript numbers. In contrast with conventional bcr/abl PCR techniques we could distinguish single positive values and gradually increasing copy numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Kreuzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Virchow-Clinic, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kreuzer KA, Bohn A, Lass U, Peters UR, Schmidt CA. Influence of DNA polymerases on quantitative PCR results using TaqMan probe format in the LightCycler instrument. Mol Cell Probes 2000; 14:57-60. [PMID: 10799265 DOI: 10.1006/mcpr.1999.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques are increasingly used to quantitate target sequences for diagnostic and research purposes. Currently, the so called TaqMan probe chemistry is mostly used as fluorogenic system. This probe format is strictly dependent on the 5'-exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase as fragmentation of the probe during the reaction is essential for this assay. Based on our experience that dramatic differences in quantitative PCR results may be due to different DNA polymerases we performed a detailed comparison of 15 enzymes. We found that clear differences exist between polymerases of different manufacturers. Thus, three out of seven polymerases which were declared to possess 5'-exonuclease activity appeared to be completely unsuitable for this method while the remaining had significantly different reaction efficiencies. We conclude that different DNA polymerases may determine the entire analytical performance of TaqMan assays suggesting that DNA polymerase testing is of special importance when this probe format is used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Kreuzer
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Medizinische Fakultät Charité der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schmidt CA. EMS on the home front. Acute interventions for chronic-care patients. JEMS 1999; 24:68-70, 72-3, 75-6. [PMID: 10977348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
34
|
Nitsche A, Steuer N, Schmidt CA, Landt O, Siegert W. Different real-time PCR formats compared for the quantitative detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA. Clin Chem 1999; 45:1932-7. [PMID: 10545062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System and the LightCycler to develop a quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA suitable for routine hospital application. METHODS We used one exonuclease probe and five different hybridization probe sets as sequence-specific fluorescence detection formats. For the exonuclease assay and two hybridization probe sets, reproducibility and the detection limit were determined. To keep the total assay time to a minimum, we gradually shortened individual reaction steps on both instruments. RESULTS The exonuclease assay can be interchangeably performed on the 7700 and the LightCycler. No change of reaction conditions is required, except for the addition of bovine serum albumin to the LightCycler reaction. The shortest possible total assay time is 80 min for the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System and 20 min for the LightCycler. When the LightCycler is used, the exonuclease probe can be replaced by a set of hybridization probes. All assays presented here detected HCMV DNA in a linear range from 10(1) to 10(7) HCMV genome equivalents/assay (r >0.995) with low intraassay (<5%) and interassay (<10%) variation. CONCLUSIONS The ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System as well as the LightCycler are useful instruments for rapid and precise online PCR detection. Moreover, the two principles of fluorescence signal production allow HCMV quantification with the same accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nitsche
- Klinik für Innere Medizin m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Charité-Campus Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt Universität, Augustenburger Platz 1, Forschungshaus 37 R 2.303, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sinzger C, Bissinger AL, Viebahn R, Oettle H, Radke C, Schmidt CA, Jahn G. Hepatocytes are permissive for human cytomegalovirus infection in human liver cell culture and In vivo. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:976-86. [PMID: 10479121 DOI: 10.1086/315032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytopathic potential of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in human liver cells was analyzed in cell culture and in tissue sections from patients with HCMV hepatitis. Liver cell cultures, consisting of hepatocytes, bile duct epithelial cells, and stromal cells were infected by various HCMV strains. Cytopathic effects, viral gene expression, and virus production were detected. Infected cell types were identified by immunocytochemical double labeling. Hepatocytes were the predominant target cells of HCMV infection in liver tissues and in cell culture. Late-stage infected cultured hepatocytes produced infectious progeny virus, and infectious virus was propagated from liver tissue specimens. HCMV infection in cultured liver cells closely resembled in vivo infection of the liver with regard to the target cell spectrum and the permissive course of infection. It is concluded that HCMV can cause direct liver parenchyma damage by efficient cytolytic infection of hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sinzger
- Abt. Med. Virologie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oettle H, Pelzer U, Hochmuth K, Diebold T, Langrehr J, Schmidt CA, Arning M, Vogl TJ, Neuhaus P, Huhn D, Riess H. Phase I trial of gemcitabine (Gemzar), 24 h infusion 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. Anticancer Drugs 1999; 10:699-704. [PMID: 10573201 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199909000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (Gemzar) has a significant impact upon survival and quality of life for patients with pancreatic cancer, compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). This phase I study was initiated to define the recommended dose of 5-FU delivered as a 24 h infusion in combination with gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) and folinic acid (200 mg/m2) in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer, treated on an outpatient basis. Drugs were administered weekly for 4 weeks out of 6 weeks. Sixteen chemonaive patients (median age 59 years, range 51-66) were enrolled, 15 had stage IV and one stage III disease. The median Karnofsky performance score (KPS) was 70 (range 60-80). Six patients received 5-FU 750 mg/m2, eight received 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 and two received 5-FU 1250 mg/m2. The maximum tolerated dose of 5-FU was 1000 mg/m2. Hepatotoxicity was dose limiting. One patient who received 5-FU 1250 mg/m2 died as a result of hepatorenal failure. There was one partial response, nine patients had stable disease for more than 3 months and 13 patients had improved KPS. The median time to progressive disease was 31 weeks (range 5-50 weeks). A phase 11 trial is underway to further assess the activity of this combination at the recommended dose of 750 mg/m2 5-FU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Oettle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik mS Hämatologie und Onkologie, Medizinische Fakultät der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Peters UR, Tschan MP, Kreuzer KA, Baskaynak G, Lass U, Tobler A, Fey MF, Schmidt CA. Distinct expression patterns of the p53-homologue p73 in malignant and normal hematopoiesis assessed by a novel real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay and protein analysis. Cancer Res 1999; 59:4233-6. [PMID: 10485463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of the recently identified first p53-homologue, p73, in neoplastic transformation is unknown. To elucidate p73 gene expression in hematopoiesis, we investigated samples from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia patients, leukemia cell lines, as well as mature and immature normal hematopoietic cells by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. We found a distinct p73 expression profile with highest p73 mRNA transcript levels in hematopoietic malignancies such as CML blast crisis and acute myelogenous leukemia versus CML chronic phase and normal controls. Mono- and biallelic p73 expression was found in both normal and malignant hematopoiesis. p73 protein was expressed at various levels in leukemia samples and cell lines but could not be detected in any normal controls tested. Our results point to a distinct yet undefined role of p73 in the pathogenesis of myeloid neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U R Peters
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Charité/Virchow-Clinic, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kreuzer KA, Lass U, Bohn A, Landt O, Schmidt CA. LightCycler technology for the quantitation of bcr/abl fusion transcripts. Cancer Res 1999; 59:3171-4. [PMID: 10397261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying bcr/abl fusion transcripts in chronic myelogenous leukemia is thought to serve as a powerful parameter for monitoring the kinetic nature of this clonal disease in vivo and in vitro. Recently, we demonstrated the technical advantages as well as the clinical relevance of quantitating bcr/abl fusion mRNA using the 5-nuclease assay and a real-time fluorescence reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) detection system (ABI PRISM 7700 SDS). Meanwhile, another technique was introduced (LightCycler technology) that may be used for the same purpose. To investigate whether this method may be an appropriate alternative to the described procedure, we have established bcr/abl LightCycler RT-PCR for major and minor bcr/abl fusion transcripts. We found that, with only minor modifications, TaqMan RT-PCR and fluorescent probe design can be used to obtain comparable results in the LightCycler system. The developed method could quantitate as little as 10 bcr/abl copies per 100 ng cDNA and was as safe and reproducible as the previously described technique. Because reaction efficiency was identical within different bcr/abl major fusions, one single RT-PCR could be established that simultaneously detects b2a3, b2a2, b3a2, and b3a3 fusion RNA with equal specificity and sensitivity. Compared to results generated by the ABI PRISM 7700 SDS, absolute amounts of bcr/abl did not differ significantly, and there was a linear correlation between the respective values. We conclude that TaqMan chemistry can be used in the LightCycler and that both real-time fluorescence PCR detection systems equally fulfill the criteria for the safe and reliable quantitation of bcr/abl fusion RNA in clinical samples. This may be of help for further standardization of quantitative bcr/abl RT-PCR, which, again, is necessary for the comparison of results generated by different investigators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Kreuzer
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Medizinische Fakultät Charité der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Einsele H, Herbart H, Bock T, Müller C, Fleckenstein B, Mach M, Stamminger T, Jahn G, Sinzger C, Koszinowski U, Meyer-König U, Mertens T, Plachter B, Reddehase MJ, Schmidt CA. [Recommendations for the diagnosis and therapy of cytomegalovirus infection after stem-cell transplantation. The Research Alliance on the Complications of Organ Transplantation due to Herpes Viruses]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1999; 124:501-6. [PMID: 10341755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Einsele
- Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung und Lehrstuhl II, Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie, Tübingen
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Binder T, Siegert W, Kruse A, Oettle H, Wilborn F, Peng R, Timm H, Neuhaus P, Schmidt CA. Identification of human cytomegalovirus variants by analysis of single strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing of the envelope glycoprotein B gene region-distribution frequency in liver transplant recipients. J Virol Methods 1999; 78:153-62. [PMID: 10204705 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(98)00173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) of PCR-amplified DNA and subsequent DNA sequencing of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) gene were applied to identify known HCMV strains and to detect new virus variants. 61 HCMV PCR positive patients were studied out of a cohort of 410 patients after liver transplantation (LTX). SSCP was able to distinguish between strains Davis, AD169, and Towne, and in addition could identify five new virus variants (Berlin B, C, E, F, and H). Their frequency, gB and gH types were determined. Simultaneous infections with two or three strains or variants, as well as a switch from one virus to another virus were observed during long-term follow-up. No correlation between the occurrence of certain virus strains or gB types and defined clinical manifestations of HCMV infection after LTX was drawn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Binder
- Klinik für Innere Medizin m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Charité, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kreuzer KA, Lass U, Landt O, Nitsche A, Laser J, Ellerbrok H, Pauli G, Huhn D, Schmidt CA. Highly sensitive and specific fluorescence reverse transcription-PCR assay for the pseudogene-free detection of beta-actin transcripts as quantitative reference. Clin Chem 1999; 45:297-300. [PMID: 9931059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Kreuzer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Charité-Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt University Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cathey JC, Schmidt CA, DeWoody JA. Incorporation of bromophenol blue enhances visibility of polyacrylamide gels. Biotechniques 1997; 22:222. [PMID: 9043685 DOI: 10.2144/97222bm04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J C Cathey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Schmidt CA, Przybylski G, Tietze A, Oettle H, Siegert W, Ludwig WD. Acute myeloid and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with aberrant antigen expression exhibit similar TCRdelta gene rearrangements. Br J Haematol 1996; 92:929-36. [PMID: 8616087 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.426964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
TCR delta gene recombination patterns were analysed by Southern blot, polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing in acute myeloid leukaemias, with coexpression of lymphoid antigens (Ly+ AML, n=10) as well as in early T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemias with (My+ T-ALL, n=10) and without coexpression of myeloid antigens (My(-) T-ALL, n=9). These 29 acute leukaemias exhibiting TCR delta gene rearrangements were selected from 66 Ly+ AML, 14 My+ T-ALL and 12 My(-) T-ALL cases. Similar recombination patterns, namely D delta 2J delta1 and V delta 1J delta1 gene rearrangements, were observed in Ly+ AML and My+T-ALL. In contrast to V delta2 D delta3 rearrangements in B-cell precursor ALL, these rearrangements require activation of a T-cell-specific TCR delta enhancer. Comparison of My+ T-ALL and Ly+ AML with My(-) T-ALL exhibited a higher incidence of incomplete D delta 2J delta1 rearrangements in My+ T-ALL and Ly+ AML. Since a D delta 2J delta1 rearrangement is an early event in TCR delta recombination, these leukaemias seem to be arrested at an earlier stage of differentiation. Similar patterns of TCR delta rearrangements in My+ T-ALL and Ly+ AML suggest existence of a common myeloid/T-lymphoid progenitor cell. Although weak or missing expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (T delta T) was found in 7/10 Ly+ AML cases, no difference was observed in numbers of N-nucleotides inserted in junctional regions when comparing with 3/10 cases exhibiting TdT expression. Since TdT activity is necessary for N-nucleotide addition, this finding suggests down-regulation of T delta T expression after rearrangement took place in these Ly+ AML cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Schmidt
- Virchow Klinikum, Abt. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schmidt CA, Wilbron F, Weiss K, Brinkmann V, Oettle H, Lohmann R, Langrehr JM, Neuhaus P, Siegert W. A prospective study of human herpesvirus type 6 detected by polymerase chain reaction after liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996; 61:662-4. [PMID: 8610400 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199602270-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) causes roseola infantum (exanthema subitum) upon primary infection in young children. Thereafter it persists lifelong in the organism. Like other herpesviruses, HHV-6 can be reactivated in periods of immunosuppression - e.g., after organ transplantation. In order to study the incidence and the time to reactivation after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) we tested buffy coat lysates before and up to 10 weeks after transplantation for the presence of HHV-6 DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Forty-six patients (male n=27, female n=19) with a median age of 48 years (range 20-66) were studied. Altogether, 30 of 287 (10.5%) buffy coat samples were PCR-positive. Before OLT 2 of 21 (9.5%) patients were positive. This ratio is not different from healthy blood donor controls. After OLT 13 of 46 (23.8%) patients were positive on one or more occasions. However, there was no statistically significant difference before and after OLT. Ten patients were analyzed for HHV-6 variants by restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products. One patient carried variant A and 9 variant B. In conclusion, HHV-6 can be detected in buffy coat cells after OLT. Our observations do not argue in favor of a reactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Schmidt
- Abteilung fur Innere Medizin und Poliklinik mit Schwerpunkt Hamatologie und Onkologie, Universitatsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Freie Universitat, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
den Besten PJ, Schmidt CA, Ohm M, Ruys MM, van Berghem JW, van de Guchte C. Sediment quality assessment in the delta of rivers Rhine and Meuse based on field observations, bioassays and food chain implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
47
|
Abstract
In this review we present our data concerning T-cell receptor (TCR) delta gene rearrangements in acute myeloid leukemia with coexpression of T-lymphoid features (CD2/CD4/CD7; Ly+ AML). We found a correlation between TCR delta gene rearrangements and coexpression of these T-lymphoid features. Ten of 66 Ly+ AML and only one of 44 AML cases without this coexpression exhibited TCR delta gene rearrangements (p = .028). In contrast, no correlation was observed between terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) expression and the occurrence of TCR delta gene rearrangements in AML. Rearrangements were found in two of 25 AML with and seven of 71 AML cases without TdT expression. Interestingly, nucleotide sequencing of junctional sites revealed up to 36 N-nucleotides in cases without or with only weak TdT expression indicating downregulation of TdT expression after the TCR rearrangement took place. Complete V delta 1J delta 1 and incomplete D delta 2J delta 1 gene rearrangements were observed most frequently in Ly+ AML. These recombination patterns were similar to patterns observed in acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia with coexpression of myeloid features (My+ T-ALL) suggesting transformation of a common myeloid/T-lymphoid progenitor cell in these cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Schmidt
- Abt. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wilborn F, Schmidt CA, Lorenz F, Peng R, Gelderblom H, Huhn D, Siegert W. Human herpesvirus type 7 in blood donors: detection by the polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 1995; 47:65-9. [PMID: 8551262 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890470113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7) in adult blood donors oral lavage fluid, buffy coat, and urine samples from 112 persons were examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at one time point. In addition, 11 donors were studied longitudinally over 11 weeks. When the results of the initial and the longitudinal study were combined HHV-7 DNA was found in samples from 109 of 112 (97.3%) adult blood donors. On the basis of different sensitivity levels of the first and the nested PCR differences were detected in the viral DNA load in the samples. It was found that lavage fluid regularly carried significantly higher DNA concentrations than buffy coat. Out of 112 donors, 102 (91.1%) and 8 (7.1%) were positive in the first, less sensitive PCR in lavage fluid and buffy coat, respectively (P < .0001). After nested PCR, 107 (95.5%) and 74 (66.1%) were positive in lavage fluid and buffy coat, respectively (P < .0001). Urine samples were found positive only sporadically. The longitudinal study showed that the oral lavage fluid of most of the donors consistently carried HHV-7 over up to 53 weeks, whereas buffy coat samples were positive less often. In conclusion, HHV-7 is found frequently in adult blood donors in the oral lavage fluid and buffy coat, which are, therefore, potential sources of HHV-7 transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Wilborn
- Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Abteilung für Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Binder T, Berg T, Siegert W, Schmidt CA. PCR-SSCP: nonradioisotopic detection with biotinylated primers and streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. Biotechniques 1995; 18:780-1. [PMID: 7619477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Binder
- Freie Universität Berlin, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Schmidt CA, Oettle H, Peng R, Neuhaus P, Blumhardt G, Lohmann R, Wilborn F, Osthoff K, Oertel J, Timm H. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction from plasma and buffy coat with antigen detection and occurrence of immunoglobulin M for the demonstration of cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation. Transplantation 1995; 59:1133-8. [PMID: 7732559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We compared the value of PCR on plasma with PCR on buffy coat leukocytes, Ag assay, and the determination of IgM antibodies by ELISA for the diagnosis and follow-up of cytomegalovirus infection. Thirty patients were followed after liver transplantation (LTX). We compared the tests to assess their clinical usefulness. Fourteen of 30 (46%) patients were both positive in plasma and buffy coat PCR and Ag test. Sixteen patients were negative in both procedures. There was a 97.2% concordance between PCRs done from plasma or buffy coat. The concordance of results of PCR and Ag test in single samples was 94.3%. Discordant results were found in 5.6% of samples. Discordance was observed in the early and the late phase of CMV infection and was due to positive PCRs preceding positive Ag tests for 1-3 weeks in one-half of the patients. IgM antibodies were first observed after a median period of 8 weeks (range, 6-11 weeks) after LTX. Positive PCRs and Ag tests preceded clinical manifestation of CMV disease by a 1 week median (range, 0-3 weeks), whereas positive IgM ELISAs occurred after a median period of 2.5 weeks (range, 0-4 weeks) after the onset of CMV disease. The sensitivity and specificity of both PCR and Ag test were identical, 100% and 76%, respectively. However, for the IgM ELISA, the sensitivity was only 66%, and the specificity was 84%. In conclusion, plasma or buffy coat PCR and Ag test are equally reliable procedures for early detection and monitoring of CMV infection. PCR can become positive earlier than the Ag test, but it is technically more demanding to perform. The demonstration of IgM antibodies is of little practical help because an antibody response occurs too late in relation to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Schmidt
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|