1
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Process Development of the BACE Inhibitors BI 1147560 BS and BI 1181181 MZ. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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2
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Abstract
The addition of carbamoyl anions to azirines affords synthetically useful 2-aziridinyl amide building blocks. The reaction scope was explored with respect to both formamide and azirine, and the addition was found to be highly diastereoselective. A one-pot conversion of a ketoxime to an aziridinyl amide was demonstrated. The method was employed to incorporate an aziridine residue into a dipeptide segment.
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3
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A Noncoordinating Acid-Base Catalyst for the Mild and Nonreversible tert-Butylation of Alcohols and Phenols. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4877-4882. [PMID: 33686865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild and nonreversible tert-butylation of alcohols and phenols can be achieved in high yields using the noncoordinating acid-base catalyst [bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide and 2,6-lutidine] with a tert-butylation reagent, tert-butyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate. This method allows the use of substrates containing acid sensitive groups such as ketal, Boc, and boronate esters.
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4
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Atom-Economical Cross-Coupling of Internal and Terminal Alkynes to Access 1,3-Enynes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3881-3888. [PMID: 33683868 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation in chemical synthesis generally requires prefunctionalized building blocks. However, the requisite prefunctionalization steps undermine the overall efficiency of synthetic sequences that rely on such reactions, which is particularly problematic in large-scale applications, such as in the commercial production of pharmaceuticals. Herein, we describe a selective and catalytic method for synthesizing 1,3-enynes without prefunctionalized building blocks. In this transformation several classes of unactivated internal acceptor alkynes can be coupled with terminal donor alkynes to deliver 1,3-enynes in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner. The scope of compatible acceptor alkynes includes propargyl alcohols, (homo)propargyl amine derivatives, and (homo)propargyl carboxamides. This method is facilitated by a tailored P,N-ligand that enables regioselective addition and suppresses secondary E/Z-isomerization of the product. The reaction is scalable and can operate effectively with as low as 0.5 mol % catalyst loading. The products are versatile intermediates that can participate in various downstream transformations. We also present preliminary mechanistic experiments that are consistent with a redox-neutral Pd(II) catalytic cycle.
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5
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Sulfone-Mediated S NAr Reaction as a Powerful Tool for the Synthesis of 4-Quinolinyl Ethers and More-Application to the Synthesis of HCV NS3/4a Protease Inhibitor BI 201420. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8339-8351. [PMID: 32462862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An efficient general methodology for the synthesis of 4-quinolinyl ethers is demonstrated via a highly reactive SNAr reaction of 4-quinolinyl sulfones with a range of structurally diversified 1°, 2°, and 3° alcohols with a wide substrate scope and high yields. By adapting this methodology, a convergent synthesis of a complex target of HCV NS3/4a protease inhibitor BI 201420 was accomplished.
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6
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Rational Design of New Dihydrobenzooxophosphole-Based Lewis Base Organocatalysts. Synlett 2020; 31:587-591. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1690851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of new dihydrobenzooxophosphole-based Lewis base organocatalysts were designed and synthesized. They are shown to be effective in trichlorosilane-mediated stereoselective conjugate reductions of C=C bonds. DFT calculations reveal that the strong hydrogen bonds between the amide linker and the chloride on silicon in the transition state contribute to the high reactivity of the catalyst.
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7
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Abstract
Silyl triflate precursors to benzyne and related intermediates have emerged as valuable synthetic building blocks. However, data addressing the safety of employing these silyl triflate precursors are lacking. We report the calorimetric analysis of a typical Kobayashi procedure for forming and trapping benzyne using a silyl triflate precursor. Our findings suggest that, unlike benzenediazonium carboxylate precursors to benzyne, silyl triflates may be employed under mild conditions without severe concern for runaway reaction.
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8
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Synthesis of highly potent lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 antagonists labeled with carbon-14 and with stable isotopes, part 3. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 62:77-85. [PMID: 30466143 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The drug candidates (2) and (3) are highly potent LFA-1 inhibitors. They were efficiently prepared labeled with carbon-14 using a palladium-catalyzed carboxylation of an iodo-precursor (5) and sodium formate-14 C to afford acid [14 C]-(6), which was coupled via an amide bond to chiral amines (7) and (8) in 52% and 48% overall yield, respectively, and with specific activities higher than 56 mCi/mmol and radiochemical purities of 99%. For stable isotopes synthesis, the amine [2 H8 ]-(7) was synthesized in three steps from 2-cyanopyridine-2 H4 using Kulinkovich-Szymonik aminocyclopropanation, followed by coupling to L-alanine-2,3,3,3-2 H4 -N-t-BOC, and then removal of the BOC-protecting group. Amide bond formation with acid (6) gave [2 H8 ]-(2) in 36% overall yield. The amine [13 C4 ,15 N]-(8) was obtained in two steps using L-threonine-14 C4 ,15 N and then coupled to acid [13 C]-(6) to give [13 C5 ,15 N]-(3) in 56% overall yield.
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9
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Potent and selective CC chemokine receptor 1 antagonists labeled with carbon-13, carbon-14, and tritium. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:764-772. [PMID: 29766547 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (1) and its analogs (2) and (3) are potent CCR1 antagonists intended for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The detailed syntheses of these 3 compounds labeled with carbon-13 as well as the preparation of (1) and (2) labeled with carbon-14, and (1) labeled with tritium, are described.
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10
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Corrigendum: Potent and selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 labeled with carbon-13 and carbon-14. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:118. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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A Computational Investigation of the Ligand-Controlled Cu-Catalyzed Site-Selective Propargylation and Allenylation of Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2017; 19:6064-6067. [PMID: 29095633 PMCID: PMC5718194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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A copper-catalyzed
site-selective propargylation/allenylation reaction
toward carbonyl compounds has been mechanistically investigated using
a computational approach. Different reaction pathways and catalytic
cycles were investigated. Control of the site selectivity arises from
a destabilizing interaction introduced by the phenyl-substituted ligand.
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12
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Early Development Scale-Up of a Structurally-Challenging 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP) Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck Cyclizations To Generate Quaternary Stereocenters. Org Lett 2017; 19:3338-3341. [PMID: 28604006 PMCID: PMC5634709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of enantioselective carbon-carbon bond couplings catalyzed by nonprecious metals is highly desirable in terms of cost efficiency and sustainability. The first nickel-catalyzed enantioselective Mizoroki-Heck coupling is reported. This transformation is accomplished via mild reaction conditions, leveraging on QuinoxP* as a chiral ligand to afford oxindoles containing quaternary stereocenters. Good reactivity and selectivity are observed in the presence of various functional groups. Computational studies suggest that the oxidative addition assembles an atropisomeric intermediate responsible for the facial selectivity of the insertion step.
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14
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Potent and selective inhibitors of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 labeled with carbon-13 and carbon-14. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:420-430. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of Aryl Boronic Acids to 2,2-Disubstituted Malononitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6999-7002. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of Aryl Boronic Acids to 2,2-Disubstituted Malononitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Effective BI-DIME Ligand for Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions in Water with 500 ppm Palladium Loading and Triton X. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Development of a 13C NMR Chemical Shift Prediction Procedure Using B3LYP/cc-pVDZ and Empirically Derived Systematic Error Correction Terms: A Computational Small Molecule Structure Elucidation Method. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5135-5145. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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1,4-Dicarbofunctionalization of 4-Fluoroaryl Grignard and Lithium Reagents with Disubstituted Malononitriles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4993-4997. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Buscopan labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:557-564. [PMID: 27753138 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hyosine butyl bromide, the active ingredient in Buscopan, is an anticholinergic and antimuscarinic drug used to treat pain and discomfort caused by abdominal cramps. A straightforward synthesis of carbon-14- and deuterium-labeled Buscopan was developed using scopolamine, n-butyl-1-14 C bromide, and n-butyl-2 H9 bromide, respectively. In a second carbon-14 synthesis, the radioactive carbon was incorporated in the tropic acid moiety to follow its metabolism. Herein, we describe the detailed preparations of carbon-14- and deuterium-labeled Buscopan.
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22
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Structure Elucidation of Poly-Faldaprevir: Polymer Backbone Solved Using Solid-State and Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1881-1890. [PMID: 27238486 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A large-scale synthesis of the hepatitis C virus drug Faldaprevir revealed precipitation of an unknown insoluble solid from methanol solutions of the drug substance. The unknown impurity was determined to be a polymer of Faldaprevir based on analytical methods that included size exclusion chromatography in combination with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, ultracentrifugation, elemental analysis, and sodium quantitation by atom absorption spectroscopy. Structure elucidation of the polymeric backbone was achieved using solid-state NMR cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS), cross polarization-polarization inversion, and heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments. The polymerization was found to occur at the vinyl cyclopropane via a likely free radical initiation mechanism. Full proton and carbon chemical shift assignments of the polymer were obtained using solution NMR spectroscopy. The polymer structure was corroborated with chemical synthesis of the polymer and solution NMR analysis.
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23
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Carbon-13 and carbon-14 labeled dabigatran etexilate and tritium labeled dabigatran. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:648-656. [PMID: 27146196 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dabigatran etexilate or pradaxa, a novel oral anticoagulant, is a reversible, competitive, direct thrombin inhibitor. It is used to prevent strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation and the formation of blood clots in the veins (deep venous thrombosis) in adults who have had an operation to replace a hip or a knee. Pradaxa is the only novel oral anticoagulant available with both proven superiority to warfarin and a specific reversal agent for use in rare emergency situations. The detailed description of the synthesis of carbon-13 and carbon-14 labeled dabigatran etexilate, and tritium labeled dabigatran is described. The synthesis of carbon-13 dabigatran etexilate was accomplished in eight steps and in 6% overall yield starting from aniline-13 C6 . Ethyl bromoacetate-1-14 C was the reagent of choice in the synthesis of carbon-14 labeled dabigatran etexilate in six steps and 17% overall yield. Tritium labeled dabigatran was prepared using either direct tritium incorporation under Crabtree's catalytic conditions or tritium-dehalogenation of a diiodo-precursor of dabigatran.
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24
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Simple N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Ligands in Ullmann-Type Ether and Thioether Formations. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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A potent IκB kinase-β inhibitor labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:300-4. [PMID: 27073120 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
3-Amino-4-(1,1-difluoro-propyl)-6-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperidin-1-yl)-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid amide (1) is a potent IκB Kinase-β (IKK-β) inhibitor. The efficient preparations of this compound labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium are described. The carbon-14 synthesis was accomplished in six radiochemical steps in 25% overall yield. The key transformations were the modified Guareschi-Thorpe condensation of 2-cyano-(14) C-acetamide and a keto-ester followed by chlorination to 2,6-dichloropyridine derivative in one pot. The isolated dichloropyridine was then converted in three steps in one pot to [(14) C]-(1). The carbon-14 labeled (1) was isolated with a specific activity of 54.3 mCi/mmol and radiochemical purity of 99.8%. The deuterium labeled (1) was obtained in eight steps and in 57% overall chemical yield using 4-hydroxypiperidine-2,2,3,3,4,5,5,6,6-(2) H9 . The final three steps of this synthesis were run in one pot.
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26
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27
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Rhodium-Catalyzed Transnitrilation of Aryl Boronic Acids with Dimethylmalononitrile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Rhodium-Catalyzed Transnitrilation of Aryl Boronic Acids with Dimethylmalononitrile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:326-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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A novel five-lipoxygenase activity protein inhibitor labeled with carbon-14 and deuterium. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:390-4. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Transnitrilation from Dimethylmalononitrile to Aryl Grignard and Lithium Reagents: A Practical Method for Aryl Nitrile Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9481-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Nickel- or Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Arylsulfonic Acid Salts with Grignard Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Synthesis of deleobuvir, a potent hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor, and its major metabolites labeled with carbon-13 and carbon-14. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:250-60. [PMID: 25964148 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Deleobuvir, (2E)-3-(2-{1-[2-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-3-cyclopentyl-1-methyl-1H-indole-6-carboxamido]cyclobutyl}-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)prop-2-enoic acid (1), is a non-nucleoside, potent, and selective inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase. Herein, we describe the detailed synthesis of this compound labeled with carbon-13 and carbon-14. The synthesis of its three major metabolites, namely, the reduced double bond metabolite (2) and the acyl glucuronide derivatives of (1) and (2), is also reported. Aniline-(13) C6 was the starting material to prepare butyl (E)-3-(3-methylamino-4-nitrophenyl-(13) C6 )acrylate [(13) C6 ]-(11) in six steps. This intermediate was then used to obtain [(13) C6 ]-(1) and [(13) C6 ]-(2) in five and four more steps, respectively. For the radioactive synthesis, potassium cyanide-(14) C was used to prepare 1-cylobutylaminoacid [(14) C]-(23) via Buchrer-Bergs reaction. The carbonyl chloride of this acid was then used to access both [(14) C]-(1) and [(14) C]-(2) in four steps. The acyl glucuronide derivatives [(13) C6 ]-(3), [(13) C6 ]-(4) and [(14) C]-(3) were synthesized in three steps from the acids [(13) C6 ]-(1), [(13) C6 ]-(2) and [(14) C]-(1) using known procedures.
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Concise and Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of a Challenging Atropisomeric HIV Integrase Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Concise and Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of a Challenging Atropisomeric HIV Integrase Inhibitor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7144-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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36
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37
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Development of an Asymmetric Synthesis of a Chiral Quaternary FLAP Inhibitor. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1651-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502550h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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38
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Development of Multikilogram Continuous Flow Cyclopropanation of N-Benzylmaleimide through Kinetic Analysis. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500263m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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Synthesis of Phosphaguanidines by Hydrophosphination of Carbodiimides with Phosphine Boranes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9878-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501841s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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40
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Insights into chromatographic enantiomeric separation of allenes on cellulose carbamate stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Addressing the Configuration Stability of Lithiated Secondary Benzylic Carbamates for the Development of a Noncryogenic Stereospecific Boronate Rearrangement. Org Lett 2014; 16:4360-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Development of an Enantioselective Hydrogenation Route to (S)-1-(2-(Methylsulfonyl)pyridin-4-yl)propan-1-amine. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5001513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Part 1: A Review and Perspective of the Regulatory Guidance to Support Designation and Justification of API Starting Material. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Part 2: Designation and Justification of API Starting Materials: Current Practices across Member Companies of the IQ Consortium. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op5000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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The reaction of Grignard reagents with Bunte salts: a thiol-free synthesis of sulfides. Org Lett 2014; 16:1196-9. [PMID: 24512478 DOI: 10.1021/ol500067f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
S-Alkyl, S-aryl, and S-vinyl thiosulfate sodium salts (Bunte salts) react with Grignard reagents to give sulfides in good yields. The S-alkyl Bunte salts are prepared from odorless sodium thiosulfate by an SN2 reaction with alkyl halides. A Cu-catalyzed coupling of sodium thiosulfate with aryl and vinyl halides was developed to access S-aryl and S-vinyl Bunte salts. The reaction is amenable to a broad structural array of Bunte salts and Grignard reagents. Importantly, this route to sulfides avoids the use of malodorous thiol starting materials or byproducts.
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Synthesis of Pyridyl-dihydrobenzooxaphosphole Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unfunctionalized Alkenes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:993-1000. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4024864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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PAT Application in the Expedited Development of a Three-Step, One-Stage Synthesis of the Dipeptide Intermediate of HCV Protease Inhibitor Faldaprevir. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op400285y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Enzyme-transporter interplay in the formation and clearance of abundant metabolites of faldaprevir found in excreta but not in circulation. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:384-93. [PMID: 24346834 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Faldaprevir is a hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor that effectively reduces viral load in patients. Since faldaprevir exhibits slow metabolism in vitro and low clearance in vivo, metabolism was expected to be a minor clearance pathway. The human [(14)C] absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion study revealed that two monohydroxylated metabolites (M2a and M2b) were the most abundant excretory metabolites in feces, constituting 41% of the total administered dose. To deconvolute the formation and disposition of M2a and M2b in humans and determine why the minor change in structure [the addition of 16 atomic mass units (amu)] produced chemical entities that were excreted and were not present in the circulation, multiple in vitro test systems were used. The results from these in vitro studies clarified the formation and clearance of M2a and M2b. Faldaprevir is metabolized primarily in the liver by CYP3A4/5 to form M2a and M2b, which are also substrates of efflux transporters (P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein). The role of transporters is considered important for M2a and M2b as they demonstrate low permeability. It is proposed that both metabolites are efficiently excreted via bile into feces and do not enter the systemic circulation to an appreciable extent. If these metabolites permeate to blood, they can be readily taken up into hepatocytes from the circulation by uptake transporters (likely organic anion transporting polypeptides). These results highlight the critical role of drug-metabolizing enzymes and multiple transporters in the process of the formation and clearance of faldaprevir metabolites. Faldaprevir metabolism also provides an interesting case study for metabolites that are exclusively excreted in feces but are of clinical relevance.
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