1
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van Teijlingen NH, van Smoorenburg MY, Sarrami-Forooshani R, Zijlstra-Willems EM, van Hamme JL, Borgdorff H, van de Wijgert JH, van Leeuwen E, van der Post JAM, Strijbis K, Ribeiro CMS, Geijtenbeek TBH. Prevotella timonensis bacteria associated with vaginal dysbiosis enhance HIV-1 susceptibility of vaginal CD4+ T cells. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae166. [PMID: 38573164 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome poses a serious risk for sexual HIV-1 transmission. Prevotella spp. are abundant during vaginal dysbiosis and associated with enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility; however, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the direct effect of vaginal bacteria on HIV-1 susceptibility of vaginal CD4+ T cells. Notably, pre-exposure to Prevotella timonensis enhanced HIV-1 uptake by vaginal T cells, leading to increased viral fusion and enhanced virus production. Pre-exposure to antiretroviral inhibitors abolished Prevotella timonensis-enhanced infection. Hence, our study shows that the vaginal microbiome directly affects mucosal CD4+ T cell susceptibility, emphasising importance of vaginal dysbiosis diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke H van Teijlingen
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Y van Smoorenburg
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ramin Sarrami-Forooshani
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esther M Zijlstra-Willems
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Borgdorff
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Hhm van de Wijgert
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth van Leeuwen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A M van der Post
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Strijbis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M S Ribeiro
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Schreurs RRCE, Koulis A, Booiman T, Boeser-Nunnink B, Cloherty APM, Rader AG, Patel KS, Kootstra NA, Ribeiro CMS. Autophagy-enhancing ATG16L1 polymorphism is associated with improved clinical outcome and T-cell immunity in chronic HIV-1 infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2465. [PMID: 38548722 PMCID: PMC10979031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV-1 infection is characterized by T-cell dysregulation that is partly restored by antiretroviral therapy. Autophagy is a critical regulator of T-cell function. Here, we demonstrate a protective role for autophagy in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis. Targeted analysis of genetic variation in core autophagy gene ATG16L1 reveals the previously unidentified rs6861 polymorphism, which correlates functionally with enhanced autophagy and clinically with improved survival of untreated HIV-1-infected individuals. T-cells carrying ATG16L1 rs6861(TT) genotype display improved antiviral immunity, evidenced by increased proliferation, revamped immune responsiveness, and suppressed exhaustion/immunosenescence features. In-depth flow-cytometric and transcriptional profiling reveal T-helper-cell-signatures unique to rs6861(TT) individuals with enriched regulation of pro-inflammatory networks and skewing towards immunoregulatory phenotype. Therapeutic enhancement of autophagy recapitulates the rs6861(TT)-associated T-cell traits in non-carriers. These data underscore the in vivo relevance of autophagy for longer-lasting T-cell-mediated HIV-1 control, with implications towards development of host-directed antivirals targeting autophagy to restore immune function in chronic HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée R C E Schreurs
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Koulis
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Booiman
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Boeser-Nunnink
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra P M Cloherty
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anusca G Rader
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kharishma S Patel
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M S Ribeiro
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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van Teijlingen NH, Eder J, Sarrami-Forooshani R, Zijlstra-Willems EM, Roovers JPWR, van Leeuwen E, Ribeiro CMS, Geijtenbeek TBH. Immune activation of vaginal human Langerhans cells increases susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3283. [PMID: 36841916 PMCID: PMC9968315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaginal inflammation increases the risk for sexual HIV-1 transmission but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we assessed the impact of immune activation on HIV-1 susceptibility of primary human vaginal Langerhans cells (LCs). Vaginal LCs isolated from human vaginal tissue expressed a broad range of TLRs and became activated after exposure to both viral and bacterial TLR ligands. HIV-1 replication was restricted in immature vaginal LCs as only low levels of infection could be detected. Notably, activation of immature vaginal LCs by bacterial TLR ligands increased HIV-1 infection, whereas viral TLR ligands were unable to induce HIV-1 replication in vaginal LCs. Furthermore, mature vaginal LCs transmitted HIV-1 to CD4 T cells. This study emphasizes the role for vaginal LCs in protection against mucosal HIV-1 infection, which is abrogated upon activation. Moreover, our data suggest that bacterial STIs can increase the risk of HIV-1 acquisition in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke H. van Teijlingen
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Eder
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramin Sarrami-Forooshani
- grid.417689.5ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX, Tehran, 15179/64311 Iran
| | - Esther M. Zijlstra-Willems
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Paul W. R. Roovers
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth van Leeuwen
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M. S. Ribeiro
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- grid.509540.d0000 0004 6880 3010Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Cloherty APM, van Teijlingen NH, Eisden TJTHD, van Hamme JL, Rader AG, Geijtenbeek TBH, Schreurs RRCE, Ribeiro CMS. Autophagy-enhancing drugs limit mucosal HIV-1 acquisition and suppress viral replication ex vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4767. [PMID: 33637808 PMCID: PMC7910550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current direct-acting antiviral therapies are highly effective in suppressing HIV-1 replication. However, mucosal inflammation undermines prophylactic treatment efficacy, and HIV-1 persists in long-lived tissue-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ T cells of treated patients. Host-directed strategies are an emerging therapeutic approach to improve therapy outcomes in infectious diseases. Autophagy functions as an innate antiviral mechanism by degrading viruses in specialized vesicles. Here, we investigated the impact of pharmaceutically enhancing autophagy on HIV-1 acquisition and viral replication. To this end, we developed a human tissue infection model permitting concurrent analysis of HIV-1 cellular targets ex vivo. Prophylactic treatment with autophagy-enhancing drugs carbamazepine and everolimus promoted HIV-1 restriction in skin-derived CD11c+ DCs and CD4+ T cells. Everolimus also decreased HIV-1 susceptibility to lab-adapted and transmitted/founder HIV-1 strains, and in vaginal Langerhans cells. Notably, we observed cell-specific effects of therapeutic treatment. Therapeutic rapamycin treatment suppressed HIV-1 replication in tissue-derived CD11c+ DCs, while all selected drugs limited viral replication in CD4+ T cells. Strikingly, both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with everolimus or rapamycin reduced intestinal HIV-1 productive infection. Our findings highlight host autophagy pathways as an emerging target for HIV-1 therapies, and underscore the relevancy of repurposing clinically-approved autophagy drugs to suppress mucosal HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P M Cloherty
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke H van Teijlingen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tracy-Jane T H D Eisden
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anusca G Rader
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renée R C E Schreurs
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M S Ribeiro
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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Nijmeijer BM, Bermejo-Jambrina M, Kaptein TM, Ribeiro CMS, Wilflingseder D, Geijtenbeek TBH. HIV-1 subverts the complement system in semen to enhance viral transmission. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:743-750. [PMID: 33568786 PMCID: PMC8075950 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Semen is important in determining HIV-1 susceptibility but it is unclear how it affects virus transmission during sexual contact. Mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) are the first immune cells to encounter HIV-1 during sexual contact and have a barrier function as LCs are restrictive to HIV-1. As semen from people living with HIV-1 contains complement-opsonized HIV-1, we investigated the effect of complement on HIV-1 dissemination by human LCs in vitro and ex vivo. Notably, pre-treatment of HIV-1 with semen enhanced LC infection compared to untreated HIV-1 in the ex vivo explant model. Infection of LCs and transmission to target cells by opsonized HIV-1 was efficiently inhibited by blocking complement receptors CR3 and CR4. Complement opsonization of HIV-1 enhanced uptake, fusion, and integration by LCs leading to an increased transmission of HIV-1 to target cells. However, in the absence of both CR3 and CR4, C-type lectin receptor langerin was able to restrict infection of complement-opsonized HIV-1. These data suggest that complement enhances HIV-1 infection of LCs by binding CR3 and CR4, thereby bypassing langerin and changing the restrictive nature of LCs into virus-disseminating cells. Targeting complement factors might be effective in preventing HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadien M. Nijmeijer
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Bermejo-Jambrina
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanja M. Kaptein
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla M. S. Ribeiro
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- grid.5361.10000 0000 8853 2677Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Sridhar A, Simmini S, Ribeiro CMS, Tapparel C, Evers MM, Pajkrt D, Wolthers K. A Perspective on Organoids for Virology Research. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111341. [PMID: 33238561 PMCID: PMC7700289 DOI: 10.3390/v12111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models and cell lines are invaluable for virology research and host-pathogen interaction studies. However, it is increasingly evident that these models are not sufficient to fully understand human viral diseases. With the advent of three-dimensional organotypic cultures, it is now possible to study viral infections in the human context. This perspective explores the potential of these organotypic cultures, also known as organoids, for virology research, antiviral testing, and shaping the virology landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Sridhar
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (D.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Simmini
- Gastrointestinal Biology Group, STEMCELL Technologies UK Ltd., Cambridge CB28 9TL, UK;
| | - Carla M. S. Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Caroline Tapparel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melvin M. Evers
- Department of Research and Development, uniQure Biopharma B.V., 1105 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (D.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Wolthers
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Nijmeijer BM, Eder J, Langedijk CJM, Kaptein TM, Meeussen S, Zimmermann P, Ribeiro CMS, Geijtenbeek TBH. Syndecan 4 Upregulation on Activated Langerhans Cells Counteracts Langerin Restriction to Facilitate Hepatitis C Virus Transmission. Front Immunol 2020; 11:503. [PMID: 32292405 PMCID: PMC7118926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and high reinfections are a major concern amongst men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV-1 and HIV-negative MSM. Immune activation and/or HIV-1 coinfection enhance HCV susceptibility via sexual contact, suggesting that changes in immune cells or external factors are involved in increased susceptibility. Activation of anal mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) has been implicated in increased HCV susceptibility as activated but not immature LCs efficiently retain and transmit HCV to other cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of transmission remains unclear. Here we identified the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Syndecan 4 as the molecular switch, controlling HCV transmission by LCs. Syndecan 4 was highly upregulated upon activation of LCs and interference with Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans or silencing of Syndecan 4 abrogated HCV transmission. These data strongly suggest that Syndecan 4 mediates HCV transmission by activated LCs. Notably, our data also identified the C-type lectin receptor langerin as a restriction factor for HCV infection and transmission. Langerin expression abrogated HCV infection in HCV permissive cells, whereas langerin expression on the Syndecan 4 expressing cell line strongly decreased HCV transmission to a target hepatoma cell line. These data suggest that the balanced interplay between langerin restriction and Syndecan 4 transmission determines HCV dissemination. Silencing of langerin enhanced HCV transmission whereas silencing Syndecan 4 on activated LCs decreased transmission. Blocking Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans abrogated HCV transmission by LCs ex vivo identifying Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and Syndecan 4 as potential targets to prevent sexual transmission of HCV. Thus, our data strongly suggest that the interplay between receptors promotes or restricts transmission and further indicate that Syndecan 4 is the molecular switch controlling HCV susceptibility after sexual contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadien M. Nijmeijer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julia Eder
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Catharina J. M. Langedijk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja M. Kaptein
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sofie Meeussen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2018, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Carla M. S. Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Hertoghs N, Nijmeijer BM, van Teijlingen NH, Fenton-May AE, Kaptein TM, van Hamme JL, Kappes JC, Kootstra NA, Hahn BH, Borrow P, Ribeiro CMS, Geijtenbeek TBH. Sexually transmitted founder HIV-1 viruses are relatively resistant to Langerhans cell-mediated restriction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226651. [PMID: 31856198 PMCID: PMC6922402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A single HIV-1 variant establishes infection of the host after sexual contact. Identifying the phenotypic characteristics of these Transmitted Founder (T/F) viruses is important to understand the restriction mechanisms during transmission. Langerhans cells (LCs) are the mucosal dendritic cell subset that has been shown to have a protective role in HIV-1 transmission. Immature LCs efficiently capture and degrade HIV-1 via langerin-mediated restriction. Here we have investigated the capacity of T/F HIV-1 strains to infect mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs). Notably, most T/F variants efficiently infected immature LCs derived from skin and vaginal tissue in contrast to chronic HIV-1 laboratory strains. Next we screened a panel of T/F viruses and their matched 6-month consensus sequence viruses. Interestingly most T/F variants infected immature LCs whereas donor-matched 6-month consensus sequence viruses had lost the ability to infect LCs. However, we also identified 6-month consensus sequence viruses that had retained an ability to infect LCs similar to that of the donor-matched T/F virus. Moreover, some T/F viruses and 6-month consensus sequence viruses were unable to infect immature LCs. Further analyses indicated that T/F viruses are less sensitive to langerin-mediated restriction. These data suggest that T/F HIV-1 variants have the ability to infect immature LCs, which will facilitate transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hertoghs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernadien M. Nijmeijer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke H. van Teijlingen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tanja M. Kaptein
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John L. van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John C. Kappes
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Neeltje A. Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carla M. S. Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teunis B. H. Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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9
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Gringhuis SI, Hertoghs N, Kaptein TM, Zijlstra-Willems EM, Sarrami-Fooroshani R, Sprokholt JK, van Teijlingen NH, Kootstra NA, Booiman T, van Dort KA, Ribeiro CMS, Drewniak A, Geijtenbeek TBH. Erratum: HIV-1 blocks the signaling adaptor MAVS to evade antiviral host defense after sensing of abortive HIV-1 RNA by the host helicase DDX3. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:474. [PMID: 28323255 DOI: 10.1038/ni0417-474c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Gringhuis SI, Hertoghs N, Kaptein TM, Zijlstra-Willems EM, Sarrami-Forooshani R, Sprokholt JK, van Teijlingen NH, Kootstra NA, Booiman T, van Dort KA, Ribeiro CMS, Drewniak A, Geijtenbeek TBH. HIV-1 blocks the signaling adaptor MAVS to evade antiviral host defense after sensing of abortive HIV-1 RNA by the host helicase DDX3. Nat Immunol 2016; 18:225-235. [PMID: 28024153 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) avoids immune surveillance by dendritic cells (DCs), and thereby prevents protective adaptive immune responses, remain poorly understood. Here we showed that HIV-1 actively arrested antiviral immune responses by DCs, which contributed to efficient HIV-1 replication in infected individuals. We identified the RNA helicase DDX3 as an HIV-1 sensor that bound abortive HIV-1 RNA after HIV-1 infection and induced DC maturation and type I interferon responses via the signaling adaptor MAVS. Notably, HIV-1 recognition by the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN activated the mitotic kinase PLK1, which suppressed signaling downstream of MAVS, thereby interfering with intrinsic host defense during HIV-1 infection. Finally, we showed that PLK1-mediated suppression of DDX3-MAVS signaling was a viral strategy that accelerated HIV-1 replication in infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja I Gringhuis
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Hertoghs
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja M Kaptein
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther M Zijlstra-Willems
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ramin Sarrami-Forooshani
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris K Sprokholt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke H van Teijlingen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs Booiman
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karel A van Dort
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla M S Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Agata Drewniak
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Ribeiro CMS, Sarrami-Forooshani R, Setiawan LC, Zijlstra-Willems EM, van Hamme JL, Tigchelaar W, van der Wel NN, Kootstra NA, Gringhuis SI, Geijtenbeek TBH. Receptor usage dictates HIV-1 restriction by human TRIM5α in dendritic cell subsets. Nature 2016; 540:448-452. [PMID: 27919079 DOI: 10.1038/nature20567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent route of HIV-1 infection is across mucosal tissues after sexual contact. Langerhans cells (LCs) belong to the subset of dendritic cells (DCs) that line the mucosal epithelia of vagina and foreskin and have the ability to sense and induce immunity to invading pathogens. Anatomical and functional characteristics make LCs one of the primary targets of HIV-1 infection. Notably, LCs form a protective barrier against HIV-1 infection and transmission. LCs restrict HIV-1 infection through the capture of HIV-1 by the C-type lectin receptor Langerin and subsequent internalization into Birbeck granules. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of HIV-1 restriction in LCs remains unknown. Here we show that human E3-ubiquitin ligase tri-partite-containing motif 5α (TRIM5α) potently restricts HIV-1 infection of LCs but not of subepithelial DC-SIGN+ DCs. HIV-1 restriction by TRIM5α was thus far considered to be reserved to non-human primate TRIM5α orthologues, but our data strongly suggest that human TRIM5α is a cell-specific restriction factor dependent on C-type lectin receptor function. Our findings highlight the importance of HIV-1 binding to Langerin for the routeing of HIV-1 into the human TRIM5α-mediated restriction pathway. TRIM5α mediates the assembly of an autophagy-activating scaffold to Langerin, which targets HIV-1 for autophagic degradation and prevents infection of LCs. By contrast, HIV-1 binding to DC-SIGN+ DCs leads to disassociation of TRIM5α from DC-SIGN, which abrogates TRIM5α restriction. Thus, our data strongly suggest that restriction by human TRIM5α is controlled by C-type-lectin-receptor-dependent uptake of HIV-1, dictating protection or infection of human DC subsets. Therapeutic interventions that incorporate C-type lectin receptors and autophagy-targeting strategies could thus provide cell-mediated resistance to HIV-1 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M S Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramin Sarrami-Forooshani
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurentia C Setiawan
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M Zijlstra-Willems
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L van Hamme
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wikky Tigchelaar
- Department of Cell Biology &Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Department of Cell Biology &Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja I Gringhuis
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fink IR, Ribeiro CMS, Forlenza M, Taverne-Thiele A, Rombout JHWM, Savelkoul HFJ, Wiegertjes GF. Immune-relevant thrombocytes of common carp undergo parasite-induced nitric oxide-mediated apoptosis. Dev Comp Immunol 2015; 50:146-154. [PMID: 25681740 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Common carp thrombocytes account for 30-40% of peripheral blood leukocytes and are abundant in the healthy animals' spleen, the thrombopoietic organ. We show that, ex vivo, thrombocytes from healthy carp express a large number of immune-relevant genes, among which several cytokines and Toll-like receptors, clearly pointing at immune functions of carp thrombocytes. Few studies have described the role of fish thrombocytes during infection. Carp are natural host to two different but related protozoan parasites, Trypanoplasma borreli and Trypanosoma carassii, which reside in the blood and tissue fluids. We used the two parasites to undertake controlled studies on the role of fish thrombocytes during these infections. In vivo, but only during infection with T. borreli, thrombocytes were massively depleted from the blood and spleen leading to severe thrombocytopenia. Ex vivo, addition of nitric oxide induced a clear and rapid apoptosis of thrombocytes from healthy carp, supporting a role for nitric oxide-mediated control of immune-relevant thrombocytes during infection with T. borreli. The potential advantage for parasites to selectively deplete the host of thrombocytes via nitric oxide-induced apoptosis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge R Fink
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M S Ribeiro
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Taverne-Thiele
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H W M Rombout
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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van den Berg LM, Ribeiro CMS, Zijlstra-Willems EM, de Witte L, Fluitsma D, Tigchelaar W, Everts V, Geijtenbeek TBH. Caveolin-1 mediated uptake via langerin restricts HIV-1 infection in human Langerhans cells. Retrovirology 2014; 11:123. [PMID: 25551286 PMCID: PMC4301922 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-014-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human Langerhans cells (LCs) reside in foreskin and vaginal mucosa and are the first immune cells to interact with HIV-1 during sexual transmission. LCs capture HIV-1 through the C-type lectin receptor langerin, which routes the virus into Birbeck granules (BGs), thereby preventing HIV-1 infection. BGs are langerin-positive organelles exclusively present in LCs, however, their origin and function are unknown. Results Here, we not only show that langerin and caveolin-1 co-localize at the cell membrane and in vesicles but also that BGs are langerin/caveolin-1-positive vesicles are linked to the lysosomal degradation pathway in LCs. Moreover, inhibition of caveolar endocytosis in primary LCs abrogated HIV-1 sequestering into langerin+ caveolar structures. Notably, both inhibition of caveolar uptake and silencing of caveolar structure protein caveolin-1 resulted in increased HIV-1 integration and subsequent infection. In contrast, inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis did not affect HIV-1 integration, even though HIV-1 uptake was decreased, suggesting that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is not involved in HIV-1 restriction in LCs. Conclusions Thus, our data strongly indicate that BGs belong to the caveolar endocytosis pathway and that caveolin-1 mediated HIV-1 uptake is an intrinsic restriction mechanism present in human LCs that prevents HIV-1 infection. Harnessing this particular internalization pathway has the potential to facilitate strategies to combat HIV-1 transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-014-0123-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M van den Berg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carla M S Ribeiro
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther M Zijlstra-Willems
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lot de Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Donna Fluitsma
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wikky Tigchelaar
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Sarrami-Forooshani R, Mesman AW, van Teijlingen NH, Sprokholt JK, van der Vlist M, Ribeiro CMS, Geijtenbeek TBH. Human immature Langerhans cells restrict CXCR4-using HIV-1 transmission. Retrovirology 2014; 11:52. [PMID: 24990163 PMCID: PMC4227116 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual transmission is the main route of HIV-1 infection and the CCR5-using (R5) HIV-1 is predominantly transmitted, even though CXCR4-using (X4) HIV-1 is often abundant in chronic HIV-1 patients. The mechanisms underlying this tropism selection are unclear. Mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) are the first immune cells to encounter HIV-1 and here we investigated the role of LCs in selection of R5 HIV-1 using an ex vivo epidermal and vaginal transmission models. Results Immature LCs were productively infected by X4 as well as R5 HIV-1. However, only R5 but not X4 viruses were selectively transmitted by immature LCs to T cells. Transmission of HIV-1 was depended on de novo production of HIV-1 in LCs, since it could be inhibited by CCR5 fusion inhibitors as well as reverse transcription inhibitors. Notably, the activation state of LCs affected the restriction in X4 HIV-1 transmission; immune activation by TNF facilitated transmission of X4 as well as R5 HIV-1. Conclusions These data suggest that LCs play a crucial role in R5 selection and that immature LCs effectively restrict X4 at the level of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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van der Aa LM, Chadzinska M, Golbach LA, Ribeiro CMS, Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade BM. Pro-inflammatory functions of carp CXCL8-like and CXCb chemokines. Dev Comp Immunol 2012; 36:741-50. [PMID: 22182503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous CXC chemokines have been identified in fish, however, their role in inflammation is not well established. Here, CXC chemokines of the CXCL8-like (CXCa_L1 and CXCL8_L2) and CXCL9/10/11-like (CXCb) subset were investigated in carp. Recombinant CXCa_L1, CXCL8_L2 and CXCb all stimulated chemotaxis of macrophages and granulocytes in vitro. CXCb also attracted lymphocytes. Distinct effects on phagocyte activation were observed: the CXCL8-like chemokines increase respiratory burst activity, but not nitrite production. The three chemokines differentially induced a moderate increase in IL-1β, CXCa_L1 and CXCL8_L2 gene expression. Intracellular calcium mobilization in granulocytes upon CXCa_L1 stimulation implies signal transduction through G-protein coupled CXC receptors. Notably, upon intraperitoneal administration, carp CXCL8-like chemokines strongly induced in vivo leukocyte recruitment, including neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, in contrast to CXCb, for which the number of recruited leukocytes was low. The results indicate functional homology for carp CXCL8-like and CXCb chemokines with mammalian CXCL8 and CXCL9-11, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke M van der Aa
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Ribeiro CMS, Chadzinska M. Neuroendocrine-immune interaction in fish: differential regulation of phagocyte activity by neuroendocrine factors. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 172:31-8. [PMID: 21262228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coping with physical, chemical and biological disturbances depends on an extensive repertoire of physiological, endocrinological and immunological responses. Fish provide intriguing models to study bi-directional interaction between the neuroendocrine and the immune systems. Macrophages and granulocytes are the main actors in the first and rapid innate immune response. They are resident in different organs and are moreover rapidly recruited and activated upon infection. They act in response to recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via a repertoire of surface and intracellular receptors by inducing a plethora of defense reactions aiming to eradicate the pathogen. Subsequent production of inflammatory mediators stimulates other leukocytes required to develop an adaptive and specific antibody response. The type of phagocyte reaction will therefore depend on their differentiation state, specific receptor repertoire and their specific location. Apart from these pathogen induced responses, immune reactivity may be modulated by neuroendocrine factors. Over the last years we extensively studied changes in carp stress axis activity and the effect of its end-products on the immune system in an acute stress paradigm. We focus on specific neuroendocrine receptors on leukocytes and their effect on crucial phagocyte activities. We performed identification and functional analyses of different glucocorticoid, opioid and adrenergic receptors on carp phagocytes. Results show that their ligands of neuroendocrine origin may have substantial impact on specific phagocyte functions in a differential way. Inflammatory and microbicidal responses fight pathogens but may be detrimental to the host tissue. Neuroendocrine modulation may regulate inflammation to reach an optimum defense while preventing excessive host cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M L Verburg-van Kemenade
- Cell Biology & Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Marijkeweg 40, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Ribeiro CMS, Bird S, Raes G, Ghassabeh GH, Schijns VEJC, Pontes MJSL, Savelkoul HFJ, Wiegertjes GF. A novel soluble immune-type receptor (SITR) in teleost fish: carp SITR is involved in the nitric oxide-mediated response to a protozoan parasite. PLoS One 2011; 6:e15986. [PMID: 21305002 PMCID: PMC3031540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The innate immune system relies upon a wide range of germ-line encoded receptors including a large number of immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) receptors. Different Ig-like immune receptor families have been reported in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. Most innate immune receptors of the IgSF are type I transmembrane proteins containing one or more extracellular Ig-like domains and their regulation of effector functions is mediated intracellularly by distinct stimulatory or inhibitory pathways. Methodology/Principal Findings Carp SITR was found in a substracted cDNA repertoire from carp macrophages, enriched for genes up-regulated in response to the protozoan parasite Trypanoplasma borreli. Carp SITR is a type I protein with two extracellular Ig domains in a unique organisation of a N-proximal V/C2 (or I-) type and a C-proximal V-type Ig domain, devoid of a transmembrane domain or any intracytoplasmic signalling motif. The carp SITR C-proximal V-type Ig domain, in particular, has a close sequence similarity and conserved structural characteristics to the mammalian CD300 molecules. By generating an anti-SITR antibody we could show that SITR protein expression was restricted to cells of the myeloid lineage. Carp SITR is abundantly expressed in macrophages and is secreted upon in vitro stimulation with the protozoan parasite T. borreli. Secretion of SITR protein during in vivo T. borreli infection suggests a role for this IgSF receptor in the host response to this protozoan parasite. Overexpression of carp SITR in mouse macrophages and knock-down of SITR protein expression in carp macrophages, using morpholino antisense technology, provided evidence for the involvement of carp SITR in the parasite-induced NO production. Conclusion/Significance We report the structural and functional characterization of a novel soluble immune-type receptor (SITR) in a teleost fish and propose a role for carp SITR in the NO-mediated response to a protozoan parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M S Ribeiro
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Ribeiro CMS, Pontes MJSL, Bird S, Chadzinska M, Scheer M, Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Savelkoul HFJ, Wiegertjes GF. Trypanosomiasis-induced Th17-like immune responses in carp. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13012. [PMID: 20885956 PMCID: PMC2946394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammalian vertebrates, the cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 consists of a heterodimer between p35 and p40 subunits whereas interleukin-23 is formed by a heterodimer between p19 and p40 subunits. During an immune response, the balance between IL-12 and IL-23 can depend on the nature of the pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognized by, for example TLR2, leading to a preferential production of IL-23. IL-23 production promotes a Th17-mediated immune response characterized by the production of IL-17A/F and several chemokines, important for neutrophil recruitment and activation. For the cold blooded vertebrate common carp, only the IL-12 subunits have been described so far. Methodology/Principal Findings Common carp is the natural host of two protozoan parasites: Trypanoplasma borreli and Trypanosoma carassii. We found that these parasites negatively affect p35 and p40a gene expression in carp. Transfection studies of HEK293 and carp macrophages show that T. carassii-derived PAMPs are agonists of carp TLR2, promoting p19 and p40c gene expression. The two protozoan parasites induce different immune responses as assessed by gene expression and histological studies. During T. carassii infections, in particular, we observed a propensity to induce p19 and p40c gene expression, suggestive of the formation of IL-23. Infections with T. borreli and T. carassii lead to an increase of IFN-γ2 gene expression whereas IL-17A/F2 gene expression was only observed during T. carasssii infections. The moderate increase in the number of splenic macrophages during T. borreli infection contrasts the marked increase in the number of splenic neutrophilic granulocytes during T. carassii infection, along with an increased gene expression of metalloproteinase-9 and chemokines. Conclusion/Significance This is the first study that provides evidence for a Th17-like immune response in fish in response to infection with a protozoan parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. S. Ribeiro
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria J. S. L. Pontes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steve Bird
- School of Biological Sciences, Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marleen Scheer
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Ribeiro CMS, Hermsen T, Taverne-Thiele AJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Wiegertjes GF. Evolution of Recognition of Ligands from Gram-Positive Bacteria: Similarities and Differences in the TLR2-Mediated Response between Mammalian Vertebrates and Teleost Fish. J I 2010; 184:2355-68. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
In recent times vaccine adjuvants, or immunopotentiators, received abundant attention in the media as critical ingredients of current and future vaccines. Indeed, vaccine adjuvants are recognized to make the difference between competing vaccines based on identical antigens. Moreover, it is recognized that vaccines designed for certain indications require a matching combination of selected antigen(s) together with a critical immunopotentiator that selectively drives the required immune pathway with minimal adverse reactions. Recently, the mechanistic actions of some immunopotentiators have become clearer as a result of research focused on innate immunity receptors. These insights enable more rational adjuvant and vaccine design, which, ideally, is based on predictable immunophenotypes following vaccination.This chapter addresses immunopotentiators, classed according to their (presumed) mechanisms of action. They are categorized functionally in two major groups as facilitators of signal 1 and/or signal 2. The mode(s) of action of some well-known adjuvant prototypes is discussed in the context of this classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M S Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology & Immunology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Ruszczyk A, Forlenza M, Joerink M, Ribeiro CMS, Jurecka P, Wiegertjes GF. Trypanoplasma borreli cysteine proteinase activities support a conservation of function with respect to digestion of host proteins in common carp. Dev Comp Immunol 2008; 32:1348-1361. [PMID: 18571233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trypanoplasma borreli is an extracellular parasite that is transmitted by a leech vector and is naturally found in the blood of cyprinid fish. High parasitemia and associated severe anemia together with splenomegaly are typical of infection of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Papain-like cysteine proteinases expressed by trypanosome parasites contribute to the pathogenicity of trypanosomes, and are considered an important target for the development of new trypanocidal drugs. T. borreli is a member of the Parabodonida, sharing a common ancestor with the other Kinetoplastida. We demonstrate the presence of a cysteine proteinase expressed by T. borreli. Alignment of the sequence with other kinetoplastid cysteine proteinase sequences supports the phylogenetic hypotheses based on analyses of ribosomal RNA genes. We expressed the T. borreli cysteine proteinase in Escherichia coli, refolded the purified protein into a biologically active proteinase and showed it has cathepsin L-like activity. Addition of the (non)active proteinase to in vitro-derived carp head kidney-derived macrophages did not significantly modulate macrophage activity. Immunization of carp with the recombinant proteinase did induce a very high increase in proteinase-specific antibodies but only slightly lowered parasitemia. Digestion of host hemoglobin and immunoglobulin by the cysteine proteinase likely contribute to the pathogenicity of T. borreli. The possibility that digestion by the cysteine proteinase of host transferrin could contribute to an innate activation profile of macrophages in vivo is discussed. Our findings suggest a conservation of function with respect to cysteine proteinase activity in the Parabodonida in support of the hypotheses on the phylogeny of the Kinetoplastida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ruszczyk
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Joerink M, Forlenza M, Ribeiro CMS, de Vries BJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Wiegertjes GF. Differential macrophage polarisation during parasitic infections in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2006; 21:561-71. [PMID: 16684608 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In many parasitic infections both classically activated macrophages (caMF) and alternatively activated macrophages (aaMF) play a pivotal role. To investigate if both types of macrophages also play an important role during parasitic infections in fish, we infected carp with either Trypanoplasma borreli or Trypanosoma carassii and determined the activation state of the head kidney leukocytes (HKL). Nitrite production was used as read-out for caMF and arginase activity as read-out for aaMF. Basal nitrite production and arginase activity of HKL were moderately different between the two infections. Differences were observed, however, after ex vivo re-stimulation of HKL. Re-stimulation with LPS and T. borreli lysates increased nitrite production by HKL of T. borreli-infected fish. Re-stimulation with cAMP increased arginase activity in HKL of T. carassii-infected fish. Our results indicate that T. borreli-infected carp are more prone to increase nitrite production by caMF while T. carassii-infected fish are more prone to increase arginase activity by aaMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Joerink
- Department of Animal Sciences, Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Santos SCC, Alviano DS, Alviano CS, Pádula M, Leitão AC, Martins OB, Ribeiro CMS, Sassaki MYM, Matta CPS, Bevilaqua J, Sebastián GV, Seldin L. Characterization of Gordonia sp. strain F.5.25.8 capable of dibenzothiophene desulfurization and carbazole utilization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 71:355-62. [PMID: 16211383 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Revised: 08/21/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A dibenzothiophene (DBT)-degrading bacterial strain able to utilize carbazole as the only source of nitrogen was identified as Gordonia sp. F.5.25.8 due to its 16S rRNA gene sequence and phenotypic characteristics. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectroscopy analyses showed that strain F.5.25.8 transformed DBT into 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP). This strain was also able to grow using various organic sulfur or nitrogen compounds as the sole sulfur or nitrogen sources. Resting-cell studies indicated that desulfurization occurs either in cell-associated or in cell-free extracts of F.5.25.8. The biological responses of F.5.25.8 to a series of mutagens and environmental agents were also characterized. The results revealed that this strain is highly tolerant to DNA damage and also refractory to induced mutagenesis. Strain F.5.25.8 was also characterized genetically. Results showed that genes involved in desulfurization (dsz) are located in the chromosome, and PCR amplification was observed with primers dszA and dszB designed based on Rhodococcus genes. However, no amplification product was observed with the primer based on dszC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C C Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Laboratório de Genética Microbiana, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Brazil
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Joerink M, Ribeiro CMS, Stet RJM, Hermsen T, Savelkoul HFJ, Wiegertjes GF. Head Kidney-Derived Macrophages of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Show Plasticity and Functional Polarization upon Differential Stimulation. J Immunol 2006; 177:61-9. [PMID: 16785499 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cells from the myeloid lineage are pluripotent. To investigate the potential of myeloid cell polarization in a primitive vertebrate species, we phenotypically and functionally characterized myeloid cells of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) during culture. Flow cytometric analysis, Ab labeling of cell surface markers, and light microscopy showed the presence of a major population of heterogeneous macrophages after culture. These head kidney-derived macrophages can be considered the fish equivalent of bone marrow-derived macrophages and show the ability to phagocytose, produce radicals, and polarize into innate activated or alternatively activated macrophages. Macrophage polarization was based on differential activity of inducible NO synthase and arginase for innate and alternative activation, respectively. Correspondingly, gene expression profiling after stimulation with LPS or cAMP showed differential expression for most of the immune genes presently described for carp. The recently described novel Ig-like transcript 1 (NILT1) and the CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine receptors were up-regulated after stimulation with cAMP, an inducer of alternative activation in carp macrophages. Up-regulation of NILT1 was also seen during the later phase of a Trypanosoma carassii infection, where macrophages are primarily alternatively activated. However, NILT1 could not be up-regulated during a Trypanoplasma borreli infection, a model for innate activation. Our data suggest that NILT1, CXCR1, and CXCR2 could be considered markers for alternatively activated macrophages in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Joerink
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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