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Multisensory medical illustrations of Buruli ulcer for improved disease detection, help seeking behaviour and adherence to treatment. J Vis Commun Med 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38771591 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2024.2348170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) is a skin infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans and a neglected tropical disease of the skin (skin NTD). Antibiotic treatments are available but, to be effective in the absence of surgery, BU must be detected at its earliest stages (an innocuous-looking lump under the skin) and adherence to prescribed drugs must be high. This study aimed to develop multisensory medical illustrations of BU to support communication with at-risk communities. We used a Think Aloud method to explore community health workers' (n = 6) experiences of BU with a focus on the role of their five senses, since these non-medical disease experts are familiar with the day-to-day challenges presented by BU. Thematic analysis of the transcripts identified three key themes relating to 'Detection,' 'Help Seeking,' and 'Adherence' with a transcending theme 'Senses as key facilitators of health care'. New medical illustrations, for which we coin the phrase "5D illustrations" (signifying the contribution of the five senses) were then developed to reflect these themes. The senses therefore facilitated an enriched narrative enabling the production of relevant and useful visuals for health communication. The medical artist community could utilise sensory experiences to create dynamic medical illustrations for use in practice.
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Preference for realism in 3D anatomical scans. J Vis Commun Med 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37395086 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2023.2226690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated individuals' preference for different levels of realism in anatomical 3D scans. Staff and students working with anatomical material at the University of Dundee were asked to look at three versions of a 3D scan of the upper limb as follows: high realism - i.e. minimally altered from the original scan; moderate realism - i.e. a more significantly processed scan; and lower realism - i.e. the most significantly processed scan. Twenty-two participants took part in the study, with the majority preferring the 'moderate realism' scan overall, suggesting however that the 'high realism' scan would be most preferable for use in relation to anatomy (i.e. cadaver) practical sessions.
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Preparing anatomical scan data for sharing online. J Vis Commun Med 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37249272 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2023.2216238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper gives an overview of working with anatomical scan data such as CT and surface scans. The various types of scans are discussed along with their pros and cons, before going on to provide a detailed guide as to how these can be further post-processed. A method for cleaning and enhancing scan data using the 3D modelling software ZBrush is outlined. Finally, a method for sharing the resulting scans online via Sketchfab is presented.
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MSc medical art masters showcase 2022, University of Dundee. J Vis Commun Med 2023; 46:40-50. [PMID: 36942532 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2023.2186219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
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5
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Representation in medical illustration: the impact of model bias in a dermatology pilot study. J Vis Commun Med 2022; 45:253-262. [PMID: 35913131 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2022.2086455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
As greater attention is paid to representation and the 'decolonizing' of education and media, the field of medical illustration must stay current. Multiple previous studies have concluded that the majority of medical textbooks depict primarily 'default' young, white men. Many have expressed that this lack of representation resulted in feelings of alienation; others posited it is a contributing factor for the disparity of care for marginalised groups. This research took arguably the most identifiable feature, skin colour, to explore this disparity - the variation of dermatological symptom expression on melanin-dense skin for four conditions. To evaluate the impact of having a diverse range of models, a study was devised to demonstrate identification rates of melanin-dependent dermatological symptoms in a quantifiable, though non-statistically significant manner. Participants were split into two groups and asked to review four different skin conditions (Group-A receiving illustrations of homogeneous pale skin tones, and Group-B receiving illustrations depicting diverse skin tones) before identifying clinical photographs. While the group with a diverse reference pool performed marginally better overall, they performed better identifying specific conditions in which melanin levels impact the appearance of the condition. This pilot study serves as a strong base for a more developed future study.
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The transparent minds: methods of creation of 3D digital models from patient specific data. J Vis Commun Med 2022; 45:17-31. [PMID: 35019795 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.2008230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the method for creating 3-dimensional (3D) digital models extracted from patient- specific scans of the brain. The described approach consists of several cross-platform stages: raw data segmentation, data correction in 3D-modelling software, post-processing of the 3D digital models and their presentation on an interactive web-based platform. This method of data presentation offers a cost and time effective option to present medical data accurately. An important aspect of the process is using real patient data and enriching the traditional slice-based representation of the scans with 3D models that can provide better understanding of the organs' structures. The resulting 3D digital models also form the basis for further processing into different modalities, for example models in Virtual Reality or 3D physical model printouts. The option to make medical data less abstract and more understandable can extend their use beyond diagnosis and into a potential aid in anatomy and patient education. The methods presented in this paper were originally based on the master thesis 'Transparent Minds: Testing for Efficiency of Transparency in 3D Physical and 3D Digital Models', which focussed on creating and comparing the efficiency of transparent 3D physical and 3D digital models from real-patient data.
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7
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Editorial - submitting work to the journal. J Vis Commun Med 2022; 45:1. [PMID: 34991411 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2022.2009170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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MSc medical art masters showcase 2021, University of Dundee. J Vis Commun Med 2021; 44:174-180. [PMID: 34636276 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1983421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Lockdown art. J Vis Commun Med 2021; 44:77. [PMID: 34409902 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1932312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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The devil is in the details: developing a modern methodology for detailed medical illustrations. J Vis Commun Med 2021; 44:97-116. [PMID: 33988480 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1921566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pernkopf Atlas has posed an ethical dilemma for the past 30 years. Although its illustrations are of an indisputably high quality, its unethical origins yield questions with its use. This study aimed to identify successful methods for creating equal if not higher quality anatomical visualisations through an analysis and comparison of past and present medical illustrator's techniques. Pernkopf's illustrations were not used as an anatomical reference to ensure the new visuals were ethical; instead other existing visuals and written sources were compiled and reviewed to create an original 3D model of the posterior cervical triangle using ZBrush 2020. Some visualisation techniques used by Pernkopf were used as a part of this project (i.e. rendering in partial colour) this technique is not unique to Pernkopf and was also used by Henry Carter, the illustrator of Grey's anatomy. The survey was distributed to 78 participants with a strong anatomical or medical/biological art background. The reception to the new resource was positive; participants favoured it in terms of quality and ease of understanding. However, participants noted that the images in the survey were not the same resolution which may have skewed the results in favour of the new image. When rated for detail compared to the Pernkopf Atlas, the number of structures in the resource need to be increased before it can be ranked equally to the Pernkopf Atlas for detail. Participants did note that they may have selected differently depending on what was inferred by quality and detail in the survey.
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MSc medical art masters showcase 2020, University of Dundee. J Vis Commun Med 2020; 44:23-30. [PMID: 33205691 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2020.1840916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Editorial. J Vis Commun Med 2020; 44:1. [PMID: 33176514 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2020.1845454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Cystic Fibrosis: A Pocket Guide. J Vis Commun Med 2020; 43:198-210. [PMID: 33054564 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2020.1813016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, an iPad app titled 'A Patient's Guide to Cystic Fibrosis' was developed for use by Cystic Fibrosis (CF) clinical nurse specialists during a patient's annual review. Feedback from pseudo-CF patients and NHS staff including CF clinical nurse specialists and respiratory consultants about the appearance, usability and content of the app and iPad interface, and the appropriateness of the app for CF patients was positive. The visual images, animations and interactive elements of the app were sufficient in providing an engaging experience for the user. The app was deemed suitable for patients and set a foundation for the development of comprehensive and interactive CF patient information learning tools. Since 2010, the prevalence and popularity of iPad apps in healthcare have soared and apps now have the capability to include more interactive touch-based experiences with digital content such as 3D models. The original iPad app was re-developed as an Apple iBook and an Android app titled 'Cystic Fibrosis: A Pocket Guide'. This paper describes the design, development and feedback on the original iPad app and its subsequent variants, and concludes with reflections from the specialist CF nurses, who have continued to use pocket guide over 10 years.
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Home not hospital. J Vis Commun Med 2020; 43:101-102. [PMID: 32597271 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2020.1778283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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A forward glance. J Vis Commun Med 2020; 43:1. [PMID: 31914362 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2020.1708130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Exploration of temporal bone anatomy using mixed reality (HoloLens): development of a mixed reality anatomy teaching resource prototype. J Vis Commun Med 2019; 43:17-26. [PMID: 31645155 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2019.1671813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mixed reality (MR), a technology which supplements the real world with virtual objects, is increasingly becoming available as a teaching tool in medical education. The Microsoft HoloLens device allows operators to experience MR using a head-mounted device without interfering with their physical reality, stimulating a realistic learning experience using virtual objects. This project aimed to develop a MR anatomy teaching application with HoloLens for exploring the anatomy of the temporal bone. The educational application was developed from a multidisciplinary collaboration between undergraduate and postgraduate students across several academic disciplines with Medtronic, a medical technology company. 3D anatomical models were built using ZBrush and Blender, while the HoloLens1 application was developed using Windows 10, Visual Studio 2017, Unity and Mixed Reality Toolkit (MRTK). Modules developed within the application included a basic HoloLens tutorial, a virtual temporal bone with surgical anatomy landmarks and free drilling of the temporal bone. The basic tutorial allows the operator to adapt to the MR environment prior to exploring the anatomical landmarks of the 3D temporal bone. The free drilling of the temporal bone using vertex displacement and texture stretching replicates a real-time bone drilling experience and allows the operator to explore the anatomical relationship between different otological structures.
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Editorial. J Vis Commun Med 2019; 42:91-92. [DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2019.1626575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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MSc Medical Art Masters Show 2018, University of Dundee. J Vis Commun Med 2019; 42:76-82. [DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2019.1570819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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IMI platinum award 2018. J Vis Commun Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2018.1563479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Interactive 3D Digital Models for Anatomy and Medical Education. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1138:1-16. [PMID: 31313254 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14227-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This chapter explores the creation and use of interactive, three-dimensional (3D), digital models for anatomy and medical education. Firstly, it looks back over the history and development of virtual 3D anatomy resources before outlining some of the current means of their creation; including photogrammetry, CT and surface scanning, and digital modelling, outlining advantages and disadvantages for each. Various means of distribution are explored, including; virtual learning environments, websites, interactive PDF's, virtual and augmented reality, bespoke applications, and 3D printing, with a particular focus on the level of interactivity each method offers. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the use of such models for education is discussed. Questions addressed include; How can such models best be used to enhance student learning? How can they be used in the classroom? How can they be used for self-directed study? As well as exploring if they could one day replace human specimens, and how they complement the rise of online and e-learning.
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Abstract
Contemporary medical education is expected to keep up with the rapidly expanding corpus of medical scientific knowledge to train informed doctors. Swift communication and assimilation of complex concepts are required, yet traditional teaching methods are often suboptimal means to this end. This paper details the making of a concise 3D animation on the apoptotic pathways, designed to improve first-year undergraduate medical students' grasp of cell signalling. A simplified visual language was adopted to increase the effectiveness and expedite the production of beginner molecular biology animations. Favourable student feedback suggests that the chosen design approach could yield further positive results.
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A backward glance at 50. J Vis Commun Med 2018; 41:155-156. [DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2018.1531969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Historic gallery: a look back at some early gallery highlights. J Vis Commun Med 2018; 41:184-190. [DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2018.1514977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Editorial. J Vis Commun Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2018.1469820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Editorial. J Vis Commun Med 2018; 41:1. [DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2018.1395598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Epithelium is an important and highly specialised tissue type that makes up the lining of inner and outer surfaces of the human body. It is proposed that a self-study tool adds to efficient learning and lecturing on this complicated topic in medical curricula. This paper describes the development and evaluation of an online interactive 3D resource on epithelium for undergraduate medical students. A first evaluation was carried out by means of an online survey (n = 37). The resource was evaluated positively on the website in general, its visual contents and its value and potential for the medical curriculum.
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Abstract
The use of eLearning resources is becoming increasingly widespread in medical education because of its numerous advantages. They awaken interest in students can be reused without loss of quality and give students added control over their own education by allowing them to review content in their own time. This article describes the development and evaluation of an innovative eLearning animation for the curriculum of the pathology class at the University of Dundee School of Medicine.
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Does Virtual Haptic Dissection Improve Student Learning? A Multi-Year Comparative Study. Stud Health Technol Inform 2016; 220:110-117. [PMID: 27046562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the haptic 'dissection' of a digital model of the hand and wrist in anatomy education at both undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) levels. The study ran over five successive years and was split into three discreet phases. Phase one compared the results of PG students across control, non-haptic and haptic groups. Phase two compared the results of UG students between control and haptic groups. Phase three compared the results of UG students across control, non-haptic and haptic groups. Results for all phases indicate that use of the model, both through haptic and non-haptic interfaces produced some significantly improved test results. The non-haptic group performing the strongest overall indicating that the addition of haptic feedback may not be beneficial to student learning.
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MSc in Medical and Forensic Art and Facial Identification. A reflection on the last seven years, highlighting good practice, challenges and future changes. J Vis Commun Med 2015; 38:103-5. [DOI: 10.3109/17453054.2015.1038503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Laparoscopic nephrectomy for adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD): safety, feasibility and early outcomes. Int J Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.08.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Laparoscopic nephrectomy for adult polycystic kidney disease: safety, feasibility, and early outcomes. J Endourol 2014; 28:1268-77. [PMID: 24999965 DOI: 10.1089/end.2014.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Indications for laparoscopic renal surgery are increasing; however, benefits in adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) remain uncertain. Our objective was to systematically synthesize the reported literature on safety, feasibility, complications, and early outcomes of laparoscopic nephrectomy in APKD to determine clinical benefits for surgical practice. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of the published literature reporting on laparoscopic nephrectomy in APKD between 1991 and 2013. The criteria from the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) study were used to assess the quality of reported literature. RESULTS One prospective and 15 retrospective studies of low to modest quality (according to the STROBE checklist) were identified, reporting on 293 patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy for APKD. None of the studies was a randomized clinical trial (RCT). The transperitoneal approach was the most commonly used technique. Body mass index ranged from 16 to 57 (mean 26.2 kg/m(2); 53% of patients were dialysis dependent, and 31% had a previous or simultaneous transplant. Kidney length ranged from 8 to 50 cm (mean 34.5cm), and the mean mass of affected kidneys was 1647 g (range 132 g-7200 g). Duration of hospital stay ranged from 2.6 to 11 days (mean 4.9 days). Operative time ranged from 90 to 568 minutes, with 16.2% of patients needing blood transfusion. There were 24 intraoperative complications and 68 postoperative complications, a rate of 8% and 24%, respectively. A total of 16 (5%) cases were converted to an open technique. No mortality was reported in any of the included studies. CONCLUSION The quality of the included studies is poor, and it is difficult to argue for or against change in clinical practice because the evidence included is of level 3 and 4 only. Higher quality studies are needed to demonstrate that the technique is generalizable across all populations.
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Validation of a computer modelled forensic facial reconstruction technique using CT data from live subjects: A pilot study. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 237:147.e1-147.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
This study investigated the preferences of medical professionals and laypersons with respect to the level of detail shown in medical illustrations (i.e. graphic art shown in patient education materials) and the complexity of the subject being depicted (i.e. a visually simple versus a visually complex subject). Additionally, respondent's age, gender, and art background were recorded to yield further insight. The results showed that generally there was preference for high-detail (complex) illustrations between the two groups, though the professionals group was somewhat more diverse in their choices. The other variables had no impact on illustration preference.
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Creating Pathology Models from MRI Data: A Comparison of Virtual 3D Modelling and Rapid Prototyping Techniques. J Vis Commun Med 2013; 36:11-9. [DOI: 10.3109/17453054.2013.790011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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38
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Creation of abdominal palpation model prototype for training of medical students in detection and diagnosis of liver disease. J Vis Commun Med 2012; 35:104-14. [PMID: 23088237 DOI: 10.3109/17453054.2012.713855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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