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Adamczak A, Antognini A, Berger N, Cocolios TE, Deokar N, Düllmann CE, Eggenberger A, Eichler R, Heines M, Hess H, Indelicato P, Kirch K, Knecht A, Krauth JJ, Nuber J, Ouf A, Papa A, Pohl R, Rapisarda E, Reiter P, Ritjoho N, Roccia S, Seidlitz M, Severijns N, von Schoeler K, Skawran A, Vogiatzi SM, Warr N, Wauters F. Muonic atom spectroscopy with microgram target material. Eur Phys J A Hadron Nucl 2023; 59:15. [PMID: 36751673 PMCID: PMC9898421 DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-023-00930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Muonic atom spectroscopy-the measurement of the x rays emitted during the formation process of a muonic atom-has a long standing history in probing the shape and size of nuclei. In fact, almost all stable elements have been subject to muonic atom spectroscopy measurements and the absolute charge radii extracted from these measurements typically offer the highest accuracy available. However, so far only targets of at least a few hundred milligram could be used as it required to stop a muon beam directly in the target to form the muonic atom. We have developed a new method relying on repeated transfer reactions taking place inside a 100 bar hydrogen gas cell with an admixture of 0.25% deuterium that allows us to drastically reduce the amount of target material needed while still offering an adequate efficiency. Detailed simulations of the transfer reactions match the measured data, suggesting good understanding of the processes taking place inside the gas mixture. As a proof of principle we demonstrate the method with a measurement of the 2p-1s muonic x rays from a 5 μ g gold target.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Adamczak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - A. Antognini
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institut für Teilchen- und Astrophysik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N. Berger
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - T. E. Cocolios
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingfysica, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N. Deokar
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. E. Düllmann
- PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Eggenberger
- Institut für Teilchen- und Astrophysik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R. Eichler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M. Heines
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingfysica, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H. Hess
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - P. Indelicato
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, Case 74; 4, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - K. Kirch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institut für Teilchen- und Astrophysik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Knecht
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. J. Krauth
- PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Nuber
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institut für Teilchen- und Astrophysik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Ouf
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Papa
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Universitá di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R. Pohl
- PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - P. Reiter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - N. Ritjoho
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institut für Teilchen- und Astrophysik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S. Roccia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - M. Seidlitz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - N. Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingfysica, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. von Schoeler
- Institut für Teilchen- und Astrophysik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Skawran
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institut für Teilchen- und Astrophysik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S. M. Vogiatzi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institut für Teilchen- und Astrophysik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N. Warr
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - F. Wauters
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Düllmann CE, Artes E, Dragoun A, Haas R, Jäger E, Kindler B, Lommel B, Mangold KM, Meyer CC, Mokry C, Munnik F, Rapps M, Renisch D, Runke J, Seibert A, Stöckl M, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann C, Trautmann N, Yakushev A. Advancements in the fabrication and characterization of actinide targets for superheavy element production. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe heaviest elements can exclusively be produced in actinide-target based nuclear fusion reactions with intense heavy-ion beams. Ever more powerful accelerators deliver beams of continuously increasing intensity, which brings targets of current technology to their limits and beyond. We motivate efforts to produce targets with improved properties, which calls for a better understanding of targets produced by molecular plating, the current standard method. Complementary analytical methods will help shedding more light on their chemical and physical changes in the beam. Special emphasis is devoted to the aspect of the optimum target thickness and the choice of the backing material.
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3
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Yakushev A, Lens L, Düllmann CE, Khuyagbaatar J, Jäger E, Krier J, Runke J, Albers HM, Asai M, Block M, Despotopulos J, Di Nitto A, Eberhardt K, Forsberg U, Golubev P, Götz M, Götz S, Haba H, Harkness-Brennan L, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde D, Hübner A, Judson D, Kindler B, Komori Y, Konki J, Kratz J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lahiri S, Lommel B, Maiti M, Mistry AK, Mokry C, Moody KJ, Nagame Y, Omtvedt JP, Papadakis P, Pershina V, Rudolph D, Samiento L, Sato T, Schädel M, Scharrer P, Schausten B, Shaughnessy DA, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Toyoshima A, Trautmann N, Tsukada K, Uusitalo J, Voss KO, Ward A, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N, Williams E, Yakusheva V. On the adsorption and reactivity of element 114, flerovium. Front Chem 2022; 10:976635. [PMID: 36092655 PMCID: PMC9453156 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.976635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Flerovium (Fl, element 114) is the heaviest element chemically studied so far. To date, its interaction with gold was investigated in two gas-solid chromatography experiments, which reported two different types of interaction, however, each based on the level of a few registered atoms only. Whereas noble-gas-like properties were suggested from the first experiment, the second one pointed at a volatile-metal-like character. Here, we present further experimental data on adsorption studies of Fl on silicon oxide and gold surfaces, accounting for the inhomogeneous nature of the surface, as it was used in the experiment and analyzed as part of the reported studies. We confirm that Fl is highly volatile and the least reactive member of group 14. Our experimental observations suggest that Fl exhibits lower reactivity towards Au than the volatile metal Hg, but higher reactivity than the noble gas Rn.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: A. Yakushev,
| | - L. Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. E. Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - E. Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H. M. Albers
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Asai
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Despotopulos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - A. Di Nitto
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Eberhardt
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - M. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - F. P. Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Hinde
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Judson
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B. Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J. Konki
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J.V. Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N. Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Lahiri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - B. Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - A. K. Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. Mokry
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - K. J. Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Y. Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - P. Papadakis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - V. Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - T.K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Scharrer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. A. Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - J. Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - N. Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - K. Tsukada
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | | | - K.-O. Voss
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Ward
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wegrzecki
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Electron Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - N. Wiehl
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - E. Williams
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - V. Yakusheva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Yakushev A, Lens L, Düllmann CE, Block M, Brand H, Calverley T, Dasgupta M, Di Nitto A, Götz M, Götz S, Haba H, Harkness-Brennan L, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde D, Hübner A, Jäger E, Judson D, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Komori Y, Konki J, Kratz J, Krier J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lommel B, Lorenz C, Maiti M, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nagame Y, Papadakis P, Såmark-Roth A, Rudolph D, Runke J, Sarmiento L, Sato T, Schädel M, Scharrer P, Schausten B, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Toyoshima A, Trautmann N, Uusitalo J, Ward A, Wegrzecki M, Yakusheva V. First Study on Nihonium (Nh, Element 113) Chemistry at TASCA. Front Chem 2021; 9:753738. [PMID: 34917588 PMCID: PMC8669335 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.753738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nihonium (Nh, element 113) and flerovium (Fl, element 114) are the first superheavy elements in which the 7p shell is occupied. High volatility and inertness were predicted for Fl due to the strong relativistic stabilization of the closed 7p 1/2 sub-shell, which originates from a large spin-orbit splitting between the 7p 1/2 and 7p 3/2 orbitals. One unpaired electron in the outermost 7p 1/2 sub-shell in Nh is expected to give rise to a higher chemical reactivity. Theoretical predictions of Nh reactivity are discussed, along with results of the first experimental attempts to study Nh chemistry in the gas phase. The experimental observations verify a higher chemical reactivity of Nh atoms compared to its neighbor Fl and call for the development of advanced setups. First tests of a newly developed detection device miniCOMPACT with highly reactive Fr isotopes assure that effective chemical studies of Nh are within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. E. Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T. Calverley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Dasgupta
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Di Nitto
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - R-D. Herzberg
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - F. P. Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Hinde
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A. Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E. Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D. Judson
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J. Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J. Konki
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J.V. Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N. Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M. Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - A.K. Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch. Mokry
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Y. Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - P. Papadakis
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - D. Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - T.K. Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan
| | - M. Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Scharrer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P. Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - N. Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Uusitalo
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A. Ward
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Wegrzecki
- Łukasiewicz-Instytut Mikroelektroniki I Fotoniki, Warsaw, Poland
| | - V. Yakusheva
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Heßberger FP, Block M, Düllmann CE, Yakushev A, Leino M, Uusitalo J. Some Remarks on the Discovery of ^{244}Md. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:182501. [PMID: 34018761 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In two recent papers by Pore et al. and Khuyagbaatar et al., discovery of the new isotope ^{244}Md was reported. The decay data, however, are conflicting. While Pore et al. report two isomeric states decaying by α emission with E_{α}(1)=8.66(2) MeV, T_{1/2}(1)=0.4_{-0.1}^{+0.4} s and E_{α}(2)=8.31(2) MeV, T_{1/2}(2)≈6 s, Khuyagbaatar et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 142504 (2020).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.142504] report only a single transition with a broad energy distribution of E_{α}=(8.73-8.86) MeV and T_{1/2}=0.30_{-0.09}^{+0.19} s. The data published in Pore et al. are very similar to those published for ^{245m}Md [E_{α}=8.64(2), 8.68(2) MeV, T_{1/2}=0.35_{-0.16}^{+0.23} s [V. Ninov, F. P. Heßberger, S. Hofmann, H. Folger, G. Münzenberg, P. Armbruster, A. V. Yeremin, A. G. Popeko, M. Leino, and S. Saro, Z. Phys. A 356, 11 (1996).ZPAHEX0939-792210.1007/s002180050141] ]. Therefore, we compare the data presented for ^{244}Md in Pore et al. with those reported for ^{245}Md in Ninov et al. and also in Khuyagbaatar et al. We conclude that the data presented in Pore et al. shall be attributed to ^{245}Md with small contributions (one event each) from ^{245}Fm and probably ^{246}Md.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Block
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Leino
- University Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Uusitalo
- University Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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6
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Såmark-Roth A, Cox DM, Rudolph D, Sarmiento LG, Carlsson BG, Egido JL, Golubev P, Heery J, Yakushev A, Åberg S, Albers HM, Albertsson M, Block M, Brand H, Calverley T, Cantemir R, Clark RM, Düllmann CE, Eberth J, Fahlander C, Forsberg U, Gates JM, Giacoppo F, Götz M, Götz S, Herzberg RD, Hrabar Y, Jäger E, Judson D, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Kojouharov I, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Lens L, Ljungberg J, Lommel B, Louko J, Meyer CC, Mistry A, Mokry C, Papadakis P, Parr E, Pore JL, Ragnarsson I, Runke J, Schädel M, Schaffner H, Schausten B, Shaughnessy DA, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann N, Uusitalo J. Spectroscopy along Flerovium Decay Chains: Discovery of ^{280}Ds and an Excited State in ^{282}Cn. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:032503. [PMID: 33543956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.032503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A nuclear spectroscopy experiment was conducted to study α-decay chains stemming from isotopes of flerovium (element Z=114). An upgraded TASISpec decay station was placed behind the gas-filled separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. The fusion-evaporation reactions ^{48}Ca+^{242}Pu and ^{48}Ca+^{244}Pu provided a total of 32 flerovium-candidate decay chains, of which two and eleven were firmly assigned to ^{286}Fl and ^{288}Fl, respectively. A prompt coincidence between a 9.60(1)-MeV α particle event and a 0.36(1)-MeV conversion electron marked the first observation of an excited state in an even-even isotope of the heaviest man-made elements, namely ^{282}Cn. Spectroscopy of ^{288}Fl decay chains fixed Q_{α}=10.06(1) MeV. In one case, a Q_{α}=9.46(1)-MeV decay from ^{284}Cn into ^{280}Ds was observed, with ^{280}Ds fissioning after only 518 μs. The impact of these findings, aggregated with existing data on decay chains of ^{286,288}Fl, on the size of an anticipated shell gap at proton number Z=114 is discussed in light of predictions from two beyond-mean-field calculations, which take into account triaxial deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Såmark-Roth
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - D M Cox
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - D Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L G Sarmiento
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - B G Carlsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J L Egido
- Departamento de Física Teórica and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Golubev
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Heery
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Åberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - H M Albers
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Albertsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Calverley
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R Cantemir
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R M Clark
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Eberth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - C Fahlander
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - U Forsberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J M Gates
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Giacoppo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R-D Herzberg
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Y Hrabar
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Judson
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Kojouharov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Ljungberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Louko
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - C-C Meyer
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Mokry
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Papadakis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Parr
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J L Pore
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I Ragnarsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Schaffner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D A Shaughnessy
- Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Trautmann
- Department Chemie-Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Uusitalo
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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7
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Khuyagbaatar J, Albers HM, Block M, Brand H, Cantemir RA, Di Nitto A, Düllmann CE, Götz M, Götz S, Heßberger FP, Jäger E, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Lommel B, Lens L, Mistry A, Schausten B, Uusitalo J, Yakushev A. Search for Electron-Capture Delayed Fission in the New Isotope ^{244}Md. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:142504. [PMID: 33064498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electron-capture decay followed by a prompt fission process was searched for in the hitherto unknown most neutron-deficient Md isotope with mass number 244. Alpha decay with α-particle energies of 8.73-8.86 MeV and with a half-life of 0.30_{-0.09}^{+0.19} s was assigned to ^{244}Md. No fission event with a similar half-life potentially originating from spontaneous fissioning of the short-lived electron-capture decay daughter ^{244}Fm was observed, which results in an upper limit of 0.14 for the electron-capture branching of ^{244}Md. Two groups of fission events with half-lives of 0.9_{-0.3}^{+0.6} ms and 5_{-2}^{+3} ms were observed. The 0.9_{-0.3}^{+0.6} ms activity was assigned to originate from the decay of ^{245}Md. The origin of eight fission events resulting in a half-life of 5_{-2}^{+3} ms could not be unambiguously identified within the present data while the possible explanation has to invoke previously unseen physics cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H M Albers
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Block
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R A Cantemir
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Di Nitto
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Götz
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Götz
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Uusitalo
- University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Lohse S, Berrocal J, Böhland S, van de Laar J, Block M, Chenmarev S, Düllmann CE, Nagy S, Ramírez JG, Rodríguez D. Quartz resonators for penning traps toward mass spectrometry on the heaviest ions. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:093202. [PMID: 33003790 DOI: 10.1063/5.0015011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on cyclotron frequency measurements on trapped 206,207Pb+ ions by means of the non-destructive Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance technique at room temperature. In a proof-of-principle experiment using a quartz crystal instead of a coil as a resonator, we have alternately carried out cyclotron frequency measurements for 206Pb+ and 207Pb+ with the sideband coupling method to obtain 21 cyclotron-frequency ratios with a statistical uncertainty of 6 × 10-7. The mean frequency ratio R¯ deviates by about 2σ from the value deduced from the masses reported in the latest Atomic Mass Evaluation. We anticipate that this shift is due to the ion-ion interaction between the simultaneously trapped ions (≈100) and will decrease to a negligible level once we reach single-ion sensitivity. The compactness of such a crystal makes this approach promising for direct Penning-trap mass measurements on heavy and superheavy elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lohse
- Department Chemie - Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Berrocal
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - S Böhland
- Department Chemie - Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J van de Laar
- Department Chemie - Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Block
- Department Chemie - Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Chenmarev
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Department Chemie - Standort TRIGA, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sz Nagy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - D Rodríguez
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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9
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Schweiger C, König CM, Crespo López-Urrutia JR, Door M, Dorrer H, Düllmann CE, Eliseev S, Filianin P, Huang W, Kromer K, Micke P, Müller M, Renisch D, Rischka A, Schüssler RX, Blaum K. Production of highly charged ions of rare species by laser-induced desorption inside an electron beam ion trap. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:123201. [PMID: 31893798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the development and testing of a novel, highly efficient technique for the injection of very rare species into electron beam ion traps (EBITs) for the production of highly charged ions (HCI). It relies on in-trap laser-induced desorption of atoms from a sample brought very close to the electron beam resulting in a very high capture efficiency in the EBIT. We have demonstrated a steady production of HCI of the stable isotope 165Ho from samples of only 1012 atoms (∼300 pg) in charge states up to 45+. HCI of these species can be subsequently extracted for use in other experiments or stored in the trapping volume of the EBIT for spectroscopic measurements. The high efficiency of this technique extends the range of rare isotope HCIs available for high-precision atomic mass and spectroscopic measurements. A first application of this technique is the production of HCI of the synthetic radioisotope 163Ho for a high-precision measurement of the QEC-value of the electron capture in 163Ho within the "Electron Capture in Holmium" experiment [L. Gastaldo et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 176, 876-884 (2014); L. Gastaldo et al., Eur. Phys. J.: Spec. Top. 226, 1623-1694 (2017)] (ECHo collaboration) ultimately leading to a measurement of the electron neutrino mass with an uncertainty on the sub electronvolt level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Schweiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C M König
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - M Door
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Dorrer
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Eliseev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Filianin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Kromer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Renisch
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Rischka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R X Schüssler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Banerjee K, Hinde DJ, Dasgupta M, Simpson EC, Jeung DY, Simenel C, Swinton-Bland BMA, Williams E, Carter IP, Cook KJ, David HM, Düllmann CE, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Lommel B, Prasad E, Sengupta C, Smith JF, Vo-Phuoc K, Walshe J, Yakushev A. Mechanisms Suppressing Superheavy Element Yields in Cold Fusion Reactions. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:232503. [PMID: 31298876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.232503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superheavy elements are formed in fusion reactions which are hindered by fast nonequilibrium processes. To quantify these, mass-angle distributions and cross sections have been measured, at beam energies from below-barrier to 25% above, for the reactions of ^{48}Ca, ^{50}Ti, and ^{54}Cr with ^{208}Pb. Moving from ^{48}Ca to ^{54}Cr leads to a drastic fall in the symmetric fission yield, which is reflected in the measured mass-angle distribution by the presence of competing fast nonequilibrium deep inelastic and quasifission processes. These are responsible for reduction of the compound nucleus formation probablity P_{CN} (as measured by the symmetric-peaked fission cross section), by a factor of 2.5 for ^{50}Ti and 15 for ^{54}Cr in comparison to ^{48}Ca. The energy dependence of P_{CN} indicates that cold fusion reactions (involving ^{208}Pb) are not driven by a diffusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Banerjee
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - D J Hinde
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - M Dasgupta
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - E C Simpson
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - D Y Jeung
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - C Simenel
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - B M A Swinton-Bland
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - E Williams
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - I P Carter
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K J Cook
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - H M David
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - C Sengupta
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - J F Smith
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - K Vo-Phuoc
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - J Walshe
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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11
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Chhetri P, Ackermann D, Backe H, Block M, Cheal B, Droese C, Düllmann CE, Even J, Ferrer R, Giacoppo F, Götz S, Heßberger FP, Huyse M, Kaleja O, Khuyagbaatar J, Kunz P, Laatiaoui M, Lautenschläger F, Lauth W, Lecesne N, Lens L, Minaya Ramirez E, Mistry AK, Raeder S, Van Duppen P, Walther T, Yakushev A, Zhang Z. Precision Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Nobelium. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:263003. [PMID: 30004781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.263003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important atomic properties governing an element's chemical behavior is the energy required to remove its least-bound electron, referred to as the first ionization potential. For the heaviest elements, this fundamental quantity is strongly influenced by relativistic effects which lead to unique chemical properties. Laser spectroscopy on an atom-at-a-time scale was developed and applied to probe the optical spectrum of neutral nobelium near the ionization threshold. The first ionization potential of nobelium is determined here with a very high precision from the convergence of measured Rydberg series to be 6.626 21±0.000 05 eV. This work provides a stringent benchmark for state-of-the-art many-body atomic modeling that considers relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects and paves the way for high-precision measurements of atomic properties of elements only available from heavy-ion accelerator facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chhetri
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 55027-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher Weg 45, D 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Cheal
- Department of Physics, Oxford Street, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Droese
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 6, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Even
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands
| | - R Ferrer
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Giacoppo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Götz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F P Heßberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - O Kaleja
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Kunz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Laatiaoui
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Lautenschläger
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becher Weg 45, D 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Lecesne
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 55027-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - L Lens
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Fritz-Strassmann Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Minaya Ramirez
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - A K Mistry
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Raeder
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Th Walther
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 7, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, 730000 Lanzhou, China
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12
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Raeder S, Ackermann D, Backe H, Beerwerth R, Berengut JC, Block M, Borschevsky A, Cheal B, Chhetri P, Düllmann CE, Dzuba VA, Eliav E, Even J, Ferrer R, Flambaum VV, Fritzsche S, Giacoppo F, Götz S, Heßberger FP, Huyse M, Kaldor U, Kaleja O, Khuyagbaatar J, Kunz P, Laatiaoui M, Lautenschläger F, Lauth W, Mistry AK, Minaya Ramirez E, Nazarewicz W, Porsev SG, Safronova MS, Safronova UI, Schuetrumpf B, Van Duppen P, Walther T, Wraith C, Yakushev A. Probing Sizes and Shapes of Nobelium Isotopes by Laser Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:232503. [PMID: 29932712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.232503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, ground-state nuclear moments of the heaviest nuclei could only be inferred from nuclear spectroscopy, where model assumptions are required. Laser spectroscopy in combination with modern atomic structure calculations is now able to probe these moments directly, in a comprehensive and nuclear-model-independent way. Here we report on unique access to the differential mean-square charge radii of ^{252,253,254}No, and therefore to changes in nuclear size and shape. State-of-the-art nuclear density functional calculations describe well the changes in nuclear charge radii in the region of the heavy actinides, indicating an appreciable central depression in the deformed proton density distribution in ^{252,254}No isotopes. Finally, the hyperfine splitting of ^{253}No was evaluated, enabling a complementary measure of its (quadrupole) deformation, as well as an insight into the neutron single-particle wave function via the nuclear spin and magnetic moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Raeder
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, BP 55027, F-14076 Caen, France
| | - H Backe
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Beerwerth
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J C Berengut
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - M Block
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Cheal
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Chhetri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - V A Dzuba
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - E Eliav
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Even
- KVI-CART, University of Groningen, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Ferrer
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - V V Flambaum
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - S Fritzsche
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - F Giacoppo
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Götz
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - U Kaldor
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Kaleja
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Kunz
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Laatiaoui
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Lautenschläger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Lauth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A K Mistry
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - W Nazarewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Gatchina, Leningrad District 188300, Russia
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - U I Safronova
- Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - B Schuetrumpf
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Walther
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Wraith
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Yakushev
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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13
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Eberhardt K, Düllmann CE, Haas R, Mokry C, Runke J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Trautmann N. Actinide targets for fundamental research in nuclear physics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5035526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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14
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Khuyagbaatar J, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Block M, Brand H, Cox DM, Even J, Forsberg U, Golubev P, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hoffmann J, Hübner A, Jäger E, Jeppsson J, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Lommel B, Maiti M, Minami S, Mistry AK, Mrosek CM, Pysmenetska I, Rudolph D, Sarmiento LG, Schaffner H, Schädel M, Schausten B, Steiner J, De Heidenreich TT, Uusitalo J, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N, Yakusheva V. New Short-Lived Isotope ^{221}U and the Mass Surface Near N=126. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:242502. [PMID: 26705628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.242502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two short-lived isotopes ^{221}U and ^{222}U were produced as evaporation residues in the fusion reaction ^{50}Ti+^{176}Yb at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. An α decay with an energy of E_{α}=9.31(5) MeV and half-life T_{1/2}=4.7(7) μs was attributed to ^{222}U. The new isotope ^{221}U was identified in α-decay chains starting with E_{α}=9.71(5) MeV and T_{1/2}=0.66(14) μs leading to known daughters. Synthesis and detection of these unstable heavy nuclei and their descendants were achieved thanks to a fast data readout system. The evolution of the N=126 shell closure and its influence on the stability of uranium isotopes are discussed within the framework of α-decay reduced width.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M Block
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D M Cox
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Even
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - W Hartmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R-D Herzberg
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Hoffmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Maiti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - S Minami
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A K Mistry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Ch M Mrosek
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Pysmenetska
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - H Schaffner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - J Uusitalo
- University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M Wegrzecki
- The Institute of Electron Technology, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Wiehl
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Yakusheva
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Vascon A, Wiehl N, Runke J, Drebert J, Reich T, Trautmann N, Cremer B, Kögler T, Beyer R, Junghans AR, Eberhardt K, Düllmann CE. Improving material properties and performance of nuclear targets for transmutation-relevant experiments. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Eliseev S, Blaum K, Block M, Chenmarev S, Dorrer H, Düllmann CE, Enss C, Filianin PE, Gastaldo L, Goncharov M, Köster U, Lautenschläger F, Novikov YN, Rischka A, Schüssler RX, Schweikhard L, Türler A. Direct Measurement of the Mass Difference of (163)Ho and (163)Dy Solves the Q-Value Puzzle for the Neutrino Mass Determination. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:062501. [PMID: 26296112 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The atomic mass difference of (163)Ho and (163)Dy has been directly measured with the Penning-trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP applying the novel phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance technique. Our measurement has solved the long-standing problem of large discrepancies in the Q value of the electron capture in (163)Ho determined by different techniques. Our measured mass difference shifts the current Q value of 2555(16) eV evaluated in the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2012 [G. Audi et al., Chin. Phys. C 36, 1157 (2012)] by more than 7σ to 2833(30(stat))(15(sys)) eV/c(2). With the new mass difference it will be possible, e.g., to reach in the first phase of the ECHo experiment a statistical sensitivity to the neutrino mass below 10 eV, which will reduce its present upper limit by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eliseev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Chenmarev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physics Faculty of St.Petersburg State University, 198904 Peterhof, Russia
| | - H Dorrer
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- PRISMA Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Enss
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Heidelberg Universität, INF 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P E Filianin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physics Faculty of St.Petersburg State University, 198904 Peterhof, Russia
| | - L Gastaldo
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Heidelberg Universität, INF 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Goncharov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - F Lautenschläger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu N Novikov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physics Faculty of St.Petersburg State University, 198904 Peterhof, Russia
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, 188300 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Rischka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R X Schüssler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institut für Physik, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Türler
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Vascon A, Runke J, Trautmann N, Cremer B, Eberhardt K, Düllmann CE. Quantitative molecular plating of large-area 242Pu targets with improved layer properties. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 95:36-43. [PMID: 25464174 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For measurements of the neutron-induced fission cross section of 242Pu, large-area (42cm2) 242Pu targets were prepared on Ti-coated Si wafers by means of constant current density molecular plating. Radiochemical separations were performed prior to the platings. Quantitative deposition yields (>95%) were determined for all targets by means of alpha-particle spectroscopy. Layer densities in the range of 100-150μg/cm2 were obtained. The homogeneity of the targets was studied by radiographic imaging. A comparative study between the quality of the layers produced on the Ti-coated Si wafers and the quality of layers grown on normal Ti foils was carried out by applying scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Ti-coated Si wafers resulted clearly superior to Ti foils in the production of homogeneous 242Pu layers with minimum defectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vascon
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - J Runke
- SHE Chemistry Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Trautmann
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Cremer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, 76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Eberhardt
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; SHE Chemistry Research Section, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; SHE Chemistry Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; SHE Chemistry Research Section, Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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18
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Even J, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Haba H, Asai M, Sato TK, Brand H, Di Nitto A, Eichler R, Fan FL, Hartmann W, Huang M, Jäger E, Kaji D, Kanaya J, Kaneya Y, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kudou Y, Kurz N, Lommel B, Miyashita S, Morimoto K, Morita K, Murakami M, Nagame Y, Nitsche H, Ooe K, Qin Z, Schädel M, Steiner J, Sumita T, Takeyama M, Tanaka K, Toyoshima A, Tsukada K, Türler A, Usoltsev I, Wakabayashi Y, Wang Y, Wiehl N, Yamaki S. Nuclear chemistry. Synthesis and detection of a seaborgium carbonyl complex. Science 2014; 345:1491-3. [PMID: 25237098 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Experimental investigations of transactinoide elements provide benchmark results for chemical theory and probe the predictive power of trends in the periodic table. So far, in gas-phase chemical reactions, simple inorganic compounds with the transactinoide in its highest oxidation state have been synthesized. Single-atom production rates, short half-lives, and harsh experimental conditions limited the number of experimentally accessible compounds. We applied a gas-phase carbonylation technique previously tested on short-lived molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) isotopes to the preparation of a carbonyl complex of seaborgium, the 106th element. The volatile seaborgium complex showed the same volatility and reactivity with a silicon dioxide surface as those of the hexacarbonyl complexes of the lighter homologs Mo and W. Comparison of the product's adsorption enthalpy with theoretical predictions and data for the lighter congeners supported a Sg(CO)6 formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Even
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - H Haba
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Asai
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - T K Sato
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Di Nitto
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F L Fan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - W Hartmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Huang
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Kaji
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Kanaya
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Kaneya
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | | | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Kudou
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Miyashita
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan. Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | | | - K Morita
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - M Murakami
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Y Nagame
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - H Nitsche
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720-8169, USA
| | - K Ooe
- Department of Chemistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Z Qin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - M Schädel
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - J Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Sumita
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - K Tanaka
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Toyoshima
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - K Tsukada
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - A Türler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - I Usoltsev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Y Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - N Wiehl
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany. Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Yamaki
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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19
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Khuyagbaatar J, Yakushev A, Düllmann CE, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Asai M, Block M, Boll RA, Brand H, Cox DM, Dasgupta M, Derkx X, Di Nitto A, Eberhardt K, Even J, Evers M, Fahlander C, Forsberg U, Gates JM, Gharibyan N, Golubev P, Gregorich KE, Hamilton JH, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Heßberger FP, Hinde DJ, Hoffmann J, Hollinger R, Hübner A, Jäger E, Kindler B, Kratz JV, Krier J, Kurz N, Laatiaoui M, Lahiri S, Lang R, Lommel B, Maiti M, Miernik K, Minami S, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Pang GK, Papadakis P, Renisch D, Roberto J, Rudolph D, Runke J, Rykaczewski KP, Sarmiento LG, Schädel M, Schausten B, Semchenkov A, Shaughnessy DA, Steinegger P, Steiner J, Tereshatov EE, Thörle-Pospiech P, Tinschert K, Torres De Heidenreich T, Trautmann N, Türler A, Uusitalo J, Ward DE, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N, Van Cleve SM, Yakusheva V. 48Ca+249Bk fusion reaction leading to element Z = 117: long-lived α-decaying 270Db and discovery of 266Lr. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:172501. [PMID: 24836239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.172501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The superheavy element with atomic number Z=117 was produced as an evaporation residue in the (48)Ca+(249)Bk fusion reaction at the gas-filled recoil separator TASCA at GSI Darmstadt, Germany. The radioactive decay of evaporation residues and their α-decay products was studied using a detection setup that allowed measuring decays of single atomic nuclei with half-lives between sub-μs and a few days. Two decay chains comprising seven α decays and a spontaneous fission each were identified and are assigned to the isotope (294)117 and its decay products. A hitherto unknown α-decay branch in (270)Db (Z = 105) was observed, which populated the new isotope (266)Lr (Z = 103). The identification of the long-lived (T(1/2) = 1.0(-0.4)(+1.9) h) α-emitter (270)Db marks an important step towards the observation of even more long-lived nuclei of superheavy elements located on an "island of stability."
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Affiliation(s)
- J Khuyagbaatar
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Yakushev
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch E Düllmann
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Ackermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - M Asai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - M Block
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R A Boll
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - H Brand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D M Cox
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Dasgupta
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - X Derkx
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Di Nitto
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Eberhardt
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Even
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Evers
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | | | | | - J M Gates
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | | | - K E Gregorich
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J H Hamilton
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - W Hartmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R-D Herzberg
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - F P Heßberger
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D J Hinde
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - J Hoffmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Hollinger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Hübner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Jäger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Kindler
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J V Kratz
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krier
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Laatiaoui
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Lahiri
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - R Lang
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Lommel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Maiti
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - K Miernik
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Minami
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Mistry
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Mokry
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Nitsche
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - G K Pang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Papadakis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom and University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D Renisch
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Roberto
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - J Runke
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K P Rykaczewski
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - M Schädel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany and Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - B Schausten
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - D A Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Steinegger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland and University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Steiner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E E Tereshatov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - P Thörle-Pospiech
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Tinschert
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - N Trautmann
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Türler
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland and University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Uusitalo
- University of Jyväskylä, 40351 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D E Ward
- Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Wegrzecki
- Institute of Electron Technology, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - N Wiehl
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S M Van Cleve
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - V Yakusheva
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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20
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Rudolph D, Forsberg U, Golubev P, Sarmiento LG, Yakushev A, Andersson LL, Di Nitto A, Düllmann CE, Gates JM, Gregorich KE, Gross CJ, Heßberger FP, Herzberg RD, Khuyagbaatar J, Kratz JV, Rykaczewski K, Schädel M, Åberg S, Ackermann D, Block M, Brand H, Carlsson BG, Cox D, Derkx X, Eberhardt K, Even J, Fahlander C, Gerl J, Jäger E, Kindler B, Krier J, Kojouharov I, Kurz N, Lommel B, Mistry A, Mokry C, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Papadakis P, Ragnarsson I, Runke J, Schaffner H, Schausten B, Thörle-Pospiech P, Torres T, Traut T, Trautmann N, Türler A, Ward A, Ward DE, Wiehl N. Spectroscopy of element 115 decay chains. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:112502. [PMID: 24074079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A high-resolution α, x-ray, and γ-ray coincidence spectroscopy experiment was conducted at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung. Thirty correlated α-decay chains were detected following the fusion-evaporation reaction 48Ca + 243Am. The observations are consistent with previous assignments of similar decay chains to originate from element Z=115. For the first time, precise spectroscopy allows the derivation of excitation schemes of isotopes along the decay chains starting with elements Z>112. Comprehensive Monte Carlo simulations accompany the data analysis. Nuclear structure models provide a first level interpretation.
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Minaya Ramirez E, Ackermann D, Blaum K, Block M, Droese C, Düllmann CE, Dworschak M, Eibach M, Eliseev S, Haettner E, Herfurth F, Heßberger FP, Hofmann S, Ketelaer J, Marx G, Mazzocco M, Nesterenko D, Novikov YN, Plaß WR, Rodríguez D, Scheidenberger C, Schweikhard L, Thirolf PG, Weber C. Direct mapping of nuclear shell effects in the heaviest elements. Science 2012; 337:1207-10. [PMID: 22878498 DOI: 10.1126/science.1225636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Quantum-mechanical shell effects are expected to strongly enhance nuclear binding on an "island of stability" of superheavy elements. The predicted center at proton number Z = 114, 120, or 126 and neutron number N = 184 has been substantiated by the recent synthesis of new elements up to Z = 118. However, the location of the center and the extension of the island of stability remain vague. High-precision mass spectrometry allows the direct measurement of nuclear binding energies and thus the determination of the strength of shell effects. Here, we present such measurements for nobelium and lawrencium isotopes, which also pin down the deformed shell gap at N = 152.
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Düllmann CE, Schädel M, Yakushev A, Türler A, Eberhardt K, Kratz JV, Ackermann D, Andersson LL, Block M, Brüchle W, Dvorak J, Essel HG, Ellison PA, Even J, Gates JM, Gorshkov A, Graeger R, Gregorich KE, Hartmann W, Herzberg RD, Hessberger FP, Hild D, Hübner A, Jäger E, Khuyagbaatar J, Kindler B, Krier J, Kurz N, Lahiri S, Liebe D, Lommel B, Maiti M, Nitsche H, Omtvedt JP, Parr E, Rudolph D, Runke J, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Semchenkov A, Steiner J, Thörle-Pospiech P, Uusitalo J, Wegrzecki M, Wiehl N. Production and decay of element 114: high cross sections and the new nucleus 277Hs. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:252701. [PMID: 20867370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.252701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fusion-evaporation reaction 244Pu(48Ca,3-4n){288,289}114 was studied at the new gas-filled recoil separator TASCA. Thirteen correlated decay chains were observed and assigned to the production and decay of {288,289}114. At a compound nucleus excitation energy of E{*}=39.8-43.9 MeV, the 4n evaporation channel cross section was 9.8{-3.1}{+3.9} pb. At E^{*}=36.1-39.5 MeV, that of the 3n evaporation channel was 8.0{-4.5}{+7.4} pb. In one of the 3n evaporation channel decay chains, a previously unobserved α branch in 281Ds was observed (probability to be of random origin from background: 0.1%). This α decay populated the new nucleus 277Hs, which decayed by spontaneous fission after a lifetime of 4.5 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch E Düllmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
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23
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Soverna S, Dressler R, Düllmann CE, Eichler B, Eichler R, Gäggeler HW, Haenssler F, Niklaus JP, Piguet D, Qin Z, Türler A, Yakushev AB. Thermochromatographic studies of mercury and radon on transition metal surfaces. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.93.1.1.58298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In preparation for the experimental investigation of chemical properties of element 112 model studies were conducted based on the assumed similarity of element 112 to either the noble gas Rn or the transition metal Hg, its supposed lighter homologue in group 12. The adsorption behavior of elemental Hg on the transition metals Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt were investigated experimentally by off-line gas thermochromatography. The deduced adsorption data of Hg were compared with new values calculated using the Eichler–Miedema model. The observed sequence of increasing Hg-metal-interactions for Ag < Ni < Au < Pd < Pt confirms the predicted trend. The only exception was Pd, on which Hg was calculated to adsorb at a higher temperature than on Pt. Difficulties to obtain reproducible clean surfaces of Ag, Ni, Pd, and Pt led to the choice of Au as the best metal surface suitable to adsorb Hg.
For fast on-line gas thermochromatography studies on metallic surfaces a new set-up was developed based on the In-situ Volatilization and On-line detection technique (IVO). This set-up was tested in on-line thermochromatographic investigations with short-lived Hg isotopes and 219Rn, using Au or Pd as stationary surfaces. An overall efficiency of about 60% and a transportation time less than 25 s was determined for this newly designed IVO. A separation factor of more than 106 was estimated for non-volatile species.
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24
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Eichler R, Brüchle W, Buda R, Bürger S, Dressler R, Düllmann CE, Dvorak J, Eberhardt K, Eichler B, Folden CM, Gäggeler HW, Gregorich KE, Haenssler F, Hoffman DC, Hummrich H, Jäger E, Kratz JV, Kuczewski B, Liebe D, Nayak D, Nitsche H, Piguet D, Qin Z, Rieth U, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Semchenkov A, Soverna S, Sudowe R, Trautmann N, Thörle P, Türler A, Wierczinski B, Wiehl N, Wilk PA, Wirth G, Yakushev AB, von Zweidorf A. Attempts to chemically investigate element 112. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2006.94.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Two experiments aiming at the chemical investigation of element 112 produced in the heavy ion induced nuclear fusion reaction of 48Ca with 238U were performed at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt, Germany. Both experiments were designed to determine the adsorption enthalpy of element 112 on a gold surface using a thermochromatography setup. The temperature range covered in the thermochromatography experiments allowed the adsorption of Hg at about 35 °C and of Rn at about -180 °C. Reports from the Flerov Laboratory for Nuclear Reactions (FLNR), Dubna, Russia claim production of a 5-min spontaneous fission (SF) activity assigned to 283112 for the 238U(48Ca,3n) 283112 reaction. Hence, Experiment I was designed to detect spontaneously fissioning (SF) isotopes of element 112 with half-lives (t
1/2) longer than about 20 s. 11 high-energy events were detected. 7 events exhibit a deposition pattern resembling a chromatographic peak in the vicinity of Rn deposition. However, the energy of the events observed in Experiment I was lower than expected for a SF-decay of 283112. Therefore, these events could not be unambiguously attributed to the decay of 283112. In contradiction with earlier publications newer reports from FLNR Dubna claim that 283112 decays by α-particle emission (E
α = 9.5 MeV) with t
1/2 = 4 s followed by a SF-decay of 279Ds (t
1/2 = 0.2 s). Therefore, Experiment II was designed to be sensitive to both claimed decay properties of 283112. However, during this experiment neither short α-SF correlations nor SF coincidences were detected. The conclusion is that 283112 was not unambiguously detected, neither in Experiment I nor in Experiment II.
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Sudowe R, Calvert M, Düllmann CE, Farina LM, Folden CM, Gregorich KE, Gallaher SEH, Hoffman DC, Nelson SL, Phillips DC, Schwantes JM, Wilson RE, Zielinski PM, Nitsche H. Extraction of short-lived zirconium and hafnium isotopes using crown ethers: A model system for the study of rutherfordium. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2006.94.3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
The extraction of zirconium and hafnium from hydrochloric acid media was studied using the crown ethers dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6), dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) and dicyclohexano-24-crown-8 (DC24C8) as extractants. The goal was to find an extraction system that exhibits a high selectivity between the members of group 4 of the periodic table and is suitable for the study of rutherfordium. It was found that Zr and Hf are both extracted using DB18C6, DC18C6 and DC24C8. The extraction yield increases with increasing acid concentration and increasing concentration of crown ether. The extracted species most likely consists of an ion-association complex formed between a Zr or Hf chloro complex and a hydronium crown ether complex. Conditions can be found for each extractant that provide for the separation of Zr from Hf. This selective separation between Zr and Hf makes the extraction with crown ethers from HCl well suited to study the extraction behaviour of Rf and compare it to the behaviour of Zr and Hf. These extraction systems can be used to determine whether the extraction behaviour of Rf is similar to Zr, similar to Hf or follows the trend established by the lighter homologs. The extraction kinetics are fast enough for the study of the 78-s isotope 261mRf.
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Düllmann CE, Gregorich KE, Pang GK, Dragojevic I, Eichler R, Folden III C, Garcia MA, Gates JM, Hoffman D, Nelson SL, Sudowe R, Nitsche H. Gas chemical investigation of hafnium and zirconium complexes with hexafluoroacetylacetone using preseparated short-lived radioisotopes. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2009.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dvorak J, Brüchle W, Chelnokov M, Düllmann CE, Dvorakova Z, Eberhardt K, Jäger E, Krücken R, Kuznetsov A, Nagame Y, Nebel F, Nishio K, Perego R, Qin Z, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Schuber R, Semchenkov A, Thörle P, Türler A, Wegrzecki M, Wierczinski B, Yakushev A, Yeremin A. Observation of the 3n evaporation channel in the complete hot-fusion reaction 26Mg + 248Cm leading to the new superheavy nuclide 271Hs. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:132503. [PMID: 18517941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.132503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of a large body of heavy ion fusion reaction data with medium-heavy projectiles (6 < or = Z < or = 18) and actinide targets suggests a disappearance of the 3n exit channel with increasing atomic number of the projectile. Here, we report a measurement of the excitation function of the reaction (248)Cm ((26)Mg,xn)(274-x)Hs and the observation of the new nuclide (271)Hs produced in the 3n evaporation channel at a beam energy well below the Bass fusion barrier with a cross section comparable to the maxima of the 4n and 5n channels. This indicates the possible discovery of new neutron-rich transactinide nuclei using relatively light heavy ion beams of the most neutron-rich stable isotopes and actinide targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dvorak
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Dvorak J, Brüchle W, Chelnokov M, Dressler R, Düllmann CE, Eberhardt K, Gorshkov V, Jäger E, Krücken R, Kuznetsov A, Nagame Y, Nebel F, Novackova Z, Qin Z, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Semchenkov A, Thörle P, Türler A, Wegrzecki M, Wierczinski B, Yakushev A, Yeremin A. Doubly magic nucleus (108)(270)Hs162. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:242501. [PMID: 17280272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.242501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations predict 270Hs (Z=108, N=162) to be a doubly magic deformed nucleus, decaying mainly by alpha-particle emission. In this work, based on a rapid chemical isolation of Hs isotopes produced in the 26Mg+248Cm reaction, we observed 15 genetically linked nuclear decay chains. Four chains were attributed to the new nuclide 270Hs, which decays by alpha-particle emission with Qalpha=9.02+/-0.03 MeV to 266Sg which undergoes spontaneous fission with a half-life of 444(-148)(+444) ms. A production cross section of about 3 pb was measured for 270Hs. Thus, 270Hs is the first nucleus for which experimental nuclear decay properties have become available for comparison with theoretical predictions of the N=162 shell stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dvorak
- Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Folden CM, Gregorich KE, Düllmann CE, Mahmud H, Pang GK, Schwantes JM, Sudowe R, Zielinski PM, Nitsche H, Hoffman DC. Development of an odd-Z-projectile reaction for heavy element synthesis: 208Pb(64Ni,n)271Ds and 208Pb(65Cu,n)(272)111. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:212702. [PMID: 15601003 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.212702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Seven 271Ds decay chains were identified in the bombardment of 208Pb targets with 311.5 and 314.3 MeV 64Ni projectiles using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator. These data, combined with previous results, provide an excitation function for this reaction. From these results, an optimum energy of 321 MeV was estimated for the production of (272)111 in the new reaction 208Pb(65Cu,n). One decay chain was observed, resulting in a cross section of 1.7(+3.9)(-1.4) pb. This experiment confirms the discovery of element 111 by the Darmstadt Group who used the 209Bi(64Ni,n)(272)111 reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Folden
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Düllmann CE, Dressler R, Eichler B, Gäggeler HW, Glaus F, Jost DT, Piguet D, Soverna S, Türler A, Brüchle W, Eichler R, Jäger E, Pershina V, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Schött HJ, Wirth G, Eberhardt K, Thörle P, Trautmann N, Ginter TN, Gregorich KE, Hoffman DC, Kirbach UW, Lee DM, Nitsche H, Patin JB, Sudowe R, Zielinski PM, Timokhin SN, Yakushev AB, Vahle A, Qin Z. First chemical investigation of hassium (Hs, Z=108). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s10582-003-0037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Düllmann CE, Brüchle W, Dressler R, Eberhardt K, Eichler B, Eichler R, Gäggeler HW, Ginter TN, Glaus F, Gregorich KE, Hoffman DC, Jäger E, Jost DT, Kirbach UW, Lee DM, Nitsche H, Patin JB, Pershina V, Piguet D, Qin Z, Schädel M, Schausten B, Schimpf E, Schött HJ, Soverna S, Sudowe R, Thörle P, Timokhin SN, Trautmann N, Türler A, Vahle A, Wirth G, Yakushev AB, Zielinski PM. Chemical investigation of hassium (element 108). Nature 2002; 418:859-62. [PMID: 12192405 DOI: 10.1038/nature00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The periodic table provides a classification of the chemical properties of the elements. But for the heaviest elements, the transactinides, this role of the periodic table reaches its limits because increasingly strong relativistic effects on the valence electron shells can induce deviations from known trends in chemical properties. In the case of the first two transactinides, elements 104 and 105, relativistic effects do indeed influence their chemical properties, whereas elements 106 and 107 both behave as expected from their position within the periodic table. Here we report the chemical separation and characterization of only seven detected atoms of element 108 (hassium, Hs), which were generated as isotopes (269)Hs (refs 8, 9) and (270)Hs (ref. 10) in the fusion reaction between (26)Mg and (248)Cm. The hassium atoms are immediately oxidized to a highly volatile oxide, presumably HsO(4), for which we determine an enthalpy of adsorption on our detector surface that is comparable to the adsorption enthalpy determined under identical conditions for the osmium oxide OsO(4). These results provide evidence that the chemical properties of hassium and its lighter homologue osmium are similar, thus confirming that hassium exhibits properties as expected from its position in group 8 of the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch E Düllmann
- Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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