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Hering C, Gangnus A, Kohl R, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kuhlmey A, Gellert P. [COVID-19 vaccination status among nurses and associated factors in long-term care facilities : Results of a cross-sectional survey within the Covid-Heim project]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 57:133-139. [PMID: 37380898 PMCID: PMC10914840 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-023-02210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses working in long-term care facilities were vaccinated first before residents as a matter of priority to protect the latter. Although the vaccination rate of nursing staff eventually rose due to a facility-based vaccination requirement, studies on associated factors of vaccination status are currently not available for the long-term care setting in Germany. OBJECTIVE Associated factors of COVID-19 vaccination status among nursing staff in long-term care facilities were explored. METHODS An online survey was conducted between October 26th 2021 and January 31st 2022. A total of 1546 nurses working in long-term care in Germany responded to questions concerning the Covid-19 vaccination campaign. Logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS In this study 8 out of 10 nurses were vaccinated against COVID-19 (80.6%). Approximately 7 out of 10 nurses thought at least a few times about quitting their job since the pandemic began (71.4%). A positive COVID-19 vaccination status was associated with older age, full-time employment, COVID-19 deaths at the facility and working in northern or western Germany. Frequent thoughts of quitting their job were associated with negative COVID-19 vaccination status. CONCLUSION The present findings provide evidence on factors associated with the COVID-19 vaccination status of nurses in long-term care facilities in Germany for the first time. Further quantitative as well as qualitative studies are necessary for a more comprehensive understanding of the COVID-19 vaccination decision-making among nurses in long-term care, in order to implement target-oriented future vaccination campaigns in this care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Annabell Gangnus
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Raphael Kohl
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Medizinische Klinik für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Paul Gellert
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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Gellert P, Kohl R, Jürchott K, Noack B, Hering C, Gangnus A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Herrmann WJ, Kuhlmey A, Schwinger A. Hospital admissions and deaths due to acute cardiovascular events during the COVID-19 pandemic in residents of long-term care facilities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8544. [PMID: 37237025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital admissions due to acute cardiovascular events dropped during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population; however, evidence for residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF) is sparse. We investigated rates of hospital admissions and deaths due to myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in LTCF residents during the pandemic. Our nationwide cohort study used claims data. The sample comprised 1,140,139 AOK-ensured LTCF residents over 60 years of age (68.6% women; age 85.3 ± 8.5 years) from the largest statutory health insurance in Germany (AOK), which is not representative for all LTCF residents. We included MI and stroke admission and compared numbers of in-hospital deaths from January 2020 to end of April 2021 (i.e., during the first three waves of the pandemic) with the number of incidences in 2015-2019. To estimate incidence risk ratios (IRR), adjusted Poisson regression analyses were applied. During the observation period (2015-2021), there were 19,196 MI and 73,953 stroke admissions. MI admissions declined in the pandemic phase by 22.5% (IRR = 0.68 [CI 0.65-0.72]) compared to previous years. This decline was slightly more pronounced for NSTEMI than for STEMI. MI fatality risks remained comparable across years (IRR = 0.97 [CI95% 0.92-1.02]). Stroke admissions dropped by 15.1% (IRR = 0.75 [CI95% 0.72-0.78]) in the pandemic. There was an elevated case fatality risk for haemorrhagic stroke (IRR = 1.09 [CI95% 1.03-1.15]) but not for other stroke subtypes compared to previous years. This study provides first evidence of declines in MI and stroke admissions and in-hospital deaths among LTCF residents during the pandemic. The figures are alarming given the acute nature of the conditions and the vulnerability of the residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gellert
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Raphael Kohl
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Betty Noack
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hering
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annabell Gangnus
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram J Herrmann
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Schneider A, Hering C, Peppler L, Schenk L. Effort-reward imbalance and its association with sociocultural diversity factors at work: findings from a cross-sectional survey among physicians and nurses in Germany. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:537-549. [PMID: 36600024 PMCID: PMC9812741 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to staff shortages and reports of high work stress, work conditions of hospital physicians and nurses receive wide attention. Additionally, sociocultural diversity of the workforce and patient population is increasing. Our study aim is to analyze how individual and organizational diversity-related factors are associated with the experience of staff's work stress. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with healthcare staff from 22 acute hospitals operated by two healthcare organizations in Germany in 2018. Sociodemographic, occupational and organizational factors were surveyed. Participants further reported work conditions related to the sociocultural diversity of colleagues and patients. Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) was measured with the German short version. Multivariable regression models were calculated with ER ratio as an outcome. RESULTS N = 800 healthcare staff were included. Variables associated with higher ERI were longer work experience (β = 0.092, p < 0.05), not holding a leading position (0.122, < 0.01), being a witness (0.149, < 0.001) or victim (0.099, < 0.05) of discrimination at one's own ward, reporting frequent burden due to language barriers with patients (0.102, < 0.01) and colleagues (0.127, < 0.001), and having restricted access to translators at work (0.175, < 0.001). Factors associated with lower ERI were having a first generation migration background (- 0.095, < 0.05) and being a physician (- 0.112, < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Catering to the needs of healthcare personnel in dealing with the additional effort related to language barriers at work, e.g., readily available translator services, and creating non-discriminatory work environments might be one cornerstone for the prevention of work-related ill health and retention of qualified hospital staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schneider
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hering
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Peppler
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liane Schenk
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Kühl A, Hering C, Herrmann WJ, Gangnus A, Kohl R, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kuhlmey A, Gellert P. General practitioner care in nursing homes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: a retrospective survey among nursing home managers. BMC Prim Care 2022; 23:334. [PMID: 36550482 PMCID: PMC9773424 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though evidence on the detrimental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing homes is vast, research focusing on general practitioners' (GP) care during the pandemic in nursing homes is still scarce. METHODS A retrospective online survey among 1,010 nursing home managers in Germany was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between November 2020 and February 2021. Associations between perceived deficits in GP care (routine and acute visits) and both general and COVID-19-related characteristics of nursing homes were analysed using multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The majority of nursing home managers reported no deficits in GP care (routine visits, 84.3%; acute visits, 92.9%). Logistic regression analyses revealed that deficits in GP care (routine visits) were significantly associated with visiting restrictions for GPs and nursing home size. Small nursing homes (1-50 residents) were significantly more likely to report deficits in GP care (routine visits) compared to medium (51-100 residents) and large nursing homes (> 100 residents). Further, deficits in GP care (acute visits) were significantly associated with dementia as a focus of care and the burden of insufficient testing for SARS-CoV-2 among residents. Moreover, visiting restrictions for GPs were significantly associated with dementia as the focus of care and the COVID-19 incidence at the federal state level. Finally, COVID-19 cases in nursing homes were significantly associated with size of nursing homes, COVID-19-incidence on the federal state level and the burden of insufficient testing capacities for SARS-CoV-2 among residents. CONCLUSION We found structural factors associated with GP care deficits during the pandemic. New concepts for GP care should be implemented in pandemic preparedness plans to ensure high quality, consistent, and reliable GP care as well as effective infection prevention measures in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kühl
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hering
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram J. Herrmann
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annabell Gangnus
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Kohl
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Gellert
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gangnus A, Hering C, Kohl R, Henson CS, Schwinger A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kuhlmey A, Gellert P. Soziale Teilhabe in Pflegeheimen mit Covid-19-Schutzmaßnahmen in der zweiten Pandemiewelle? Pflege 2022; 36:168-178. [DOI: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Umsetzung von Schutzmaßnahmen in Pflegeheimen während der Covid-19-Pandemie war mit dem Wegfall sozialer Teilhabeangebote in der ersten Covid-19-Welle verbunden, für die zweite Covid-Welle ist dies unzureichend untersucht. Ziel: Die Evaluation des Zusammenhangs von Schutzmaßnahmen und Einschränkungen der sozialen Teilhabe für die zweite Covid-19-Welle zur Ausarbeitung von Handlungsempfehlungen. Methode: Mixed-Methods-Online-Survey von Pflegeheimleitungen ( n = 873) in der zweiten Welle. Mithilfe binärlogistischer verallgemeinerter Schätzgleichungen wurde die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Wegfallen sozialer Teilhabeangebote in den Pflegeheimen in Abhängigkeit gesetzlicher Schutzmaßnahmen evaluiert. Offene Antworten zur Aufrechterhaltung sozialer Teilhabe wurden inhaltsanalytisch untersucht ( n = 1042). Ergebnisse: Mehr als jede zweite Pflegeheimleitung berichtet über untersagte Gruppenveranstaltungen (66,6%), mehr als jede dritte untersagte kreative Angebote (42,3%). Besuchseinschränkungen (85,2%) waren in der zweiten Welle weit verbreitet. Der Wegfall von Teilhabeangeboten und die angeordneten Schutzmaßnahmen waren eng assoziiert. Qualitative Daten zeigten, dass zum Beispiel das Anschaffen mobiler Einkaufsläden Maßnahmen waren, der sozialen Exklusion der Bewohnenden entgegenzuwirken. Diskussion: Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Wegfall sozialer Teilhabeangebote und der Umsetzung von Schutzmaßnahmen war deutlich ausgeprägt. Die Pflegepraxis sollte die Umsetzung von sozialer Teilhabe ermöglichen und gleichzeitig einen bestmöglichen Infektionsschutz garantieren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabell Gangnus
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christian Hering
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Raphael Kohl
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Clara-Sophia Henson
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Antje Schwinger
- Forschungsinstitut der kommunalen Krankenkassen (WIdO), Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Paul Gellert
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
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Gellert P, Kohl R, Jürchott K, Hering C, Gangnus A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kuhlmey A, Schwinger A. Centenarians from long-term care facilities and COVID-19-relevant hospital admissions. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:1117-1118. [PMID: 35671838 PMCID: PMC9110539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gellert
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Raphael Kohl
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christian Hering
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annabell Gangnus
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kohl R, Schwinger A, Jürchott K, Hering C, Gangnus A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kuhlmey A, Gellert P. Mortality Among Hospitalized Nursing Home Residents With COVID-19. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2022; 119:293-294. [PMID: 35836341 PMCID: PMC9437835 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Hering C, Gangnus A, Budnick A, Kohl R, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kuhlmey A, Gellert P. Psychosocial burden and associated factors among nurses in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a retrospective survey in Germany. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:41. [PMID: 35139842 PMCID: PMC8830035 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Care homes were hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although high levels of psychosocial burden (i.e., anxiety, depression and stress) during the pandemic have been described for healthcare workers in hospitals, evidence on the psychosocial burden for nurses in care homes during the pandemic is scarce. Methods A total of 811 nurses participated in a retrospective online survey between November 2020 and February 2021. Information about the COVID-19 situation (i.e., working demands, COVID-19 cases in their facility, and COVID-19-related burden) of nurses in German care homes during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020 to June 2020) was gathered. The Stress Scale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (SDASS-21), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), the Patients-Health-Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) were used to screen for psychosocial burden. Results Among nurses, 94.2% stated that working demands since the COVID-19 pandemic increased. Further, 59.1% showed clinically relevant levels of either stress, anxiety, and/or depression. Multiple regression analysis showed significant associations between COVID-19-related burden and qualification (p < .01), dissatisfaction with COVID-19 management of care home manager (p < .05), COVID-19-related anxiety (p < .001), and dementia as a focus of care (p < .05). Stress, depression, and anxiety showed associations with COVID-19 related burden at work (p < .01), COVID-19-related anxiety (p < .001), social support (p < .01), and sense of community (p < .05). Stress was also associated with COVID-19 cases among residents (p < .05), and size of care home (p < .05). Conclusion Short- and long-term strategies (i.e., psychosocial counseling, mandatory team meetings, more highly qualified nurses, additional training) in the work environment of nursing, in crises, but beyond, should be encouraged to reduce the burden on nursing staff in care homes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-022-00807-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Annabell Gangnus
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Budnick
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Kohl
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Gellert
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Gangnus A, Hering C, Kohl R, Henson CS, Schwinger A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kuhlmey A, Gellert P. [Covid-19 protections and social life limitations in nursing homes - Analysis of prescriptions and survey data]. Pflege 2021; 35:133-142. [PMID: 34894714 DOI: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Covid-19 protections and social life limitations in nursing homes - Analysis of prescriptions and survey data Abstract. Background: The tension between health protection and restrictions of social life in nursing homes during the pandemic has been little addressed. Aim: The aim of the study was to systematize state-specific regulations and actual prioritizations as well as implementations of the pandemic measures and to relate them to life changes for residents. Methods: In a mixed-methods design, 450 protective measures for nursing homes nationwide were categorized and fed into a survey of nursing home managers (n = 1,260) on the handling of these measures in a protective measures model. The association of protective measures and limitations of social services in nursing homes was analyzed with binary logistic generalized estimation equations. Results: The prescriptions were categorized into five themes. Primary data show that "visitation bans" (98.3 %) and "physical contact reduction" (90.5 %) represented the largest proportion of restrictions. The regulations were variously associated with the "restriction of social services". Thus, across all offers prohibitions and for most offers "contact reductions" were significantly associated, for example that giving up "group opportunities" was almost two times as high when the protective measure "reduction of physical contact" was implemented. "Visit restrictions" on the other hand showed little significant association. Conclusions: The results provide evidence of an association between protective measures and social restrictions in the care homes during the pandemic. However, as these lost exchanges are of high value for the residents, aversive long-term effects must be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabell Gangnus
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Christian Hering
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Raphael Kohl
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Clara Sophia Henson
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Antje Schwinger
- Forschungsinstitut der kommunalen Krankenkassen (WIdO), Berlin
| | | | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Paul Gellert
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie und Rehabilitationswissenschaft, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
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Budnick A, Hering C, Eggert S, Teubner C, Suhr R, Kuhlmey A, Gellert P. Informal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic perceive additional burden: findings from an ad-hoc survey in Germany. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 33863337 PMCID: PMC8050992 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-06359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the relation between care involvement of informal caregivers and caregiver burden is well-known, the additional psychosocial burden related to care involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic has not yet been investigated. Methods A total of 1000 informal caregivers, recruited offline, participated in a cross-sectional online survey from April 21 to May 2, 2020. Questionnaires were used to assess COVID-19-specific changes in the care situation, negative feelings in the care situation, problems with implementation of COVID-19 measures, concerns/excessive demands, loss of support, change in informal caregivers’ own involvement in care and problems with provision, comprehension & practicability of COVID-19 information, and to relate these issues to five indicators of care involvement (i.e., being the main caregiver, high expenditure of time, high level of care, dementia, no professional help). Binomial and multiple regression analyses were applied. Results Across indicators of care involvement, 25.5–39.7% reported that the care situation rather or greatly worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for those caring for someone with dementia or those usually relying on professional help. In a multiple regression model, the mean number of involvement indicators met was associated with age (β = .18; CI .10–.25), excessive demands (β = .10, CI .00–.19), problems with implementation of COVID-19 measures (β = .11, CI .04–.19), an increase in caregiving by the informal caregivers themselves (β = .14, CI .03–.24) as well as with no change in the amount of caregiving (β = .18, CI .07–.29) and loss of support (β = −.08, CI −.16–.00). No significant associations with the mean number of involvement indicators met were found for gender, educational level, change in the care situation, negative feelings, and provision, comprehension & practicability of COVID-19 information. Conclusion Those caregivers who perceived extensive care burden were those who suffered most during the pandemic, calling for structural support by the healthcare system now and in the future. Trial registration This article does not report the results of a health care intervention on human participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Budnick
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Hering
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Eggert
- Center for Quality of Care (ZQP), Reinhardstraße 45, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Teubner
- Center for Quality of Care (ZQP), Reinhardstraße 45, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Suhr
- Center for Quality of Care (ZQP), Reinhardstraße 45, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Kuhlmey
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Gellert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, and Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Virchowweg 22, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Various new P-based ring systems were synthesised by transferring established reaction routes from NP chemistry to the analogous PP compounds. Due to the different electronic situations of phosphorus and nitrogen with respect to s and p character of the lone pair, different reactivity of the phosphorus compounds was observed, especially with regard to the specificity of the reactions and the stability of the products. Whereas Mes*NPCl (Mes*=2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl) is stable in the solid state and in solution, the formal phosphorus congener Mes*PPCl is highly reactive and could not be observed. Instead, several formal dimers and trimers of Mes*PPCl could be isolated, which constitute an intriguing variety of three- and four-membered ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany) http://www.chemie.uni-rostock.de/ac/schulz; "Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V." an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
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13
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14
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Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and characterization of a series of iminophosphorane-substituted phosphenium cations of the type [R2NPNP(Cl)2NPNR'2][GaCl4] [R = iPr; R' = iPr (7[GaCl4]), SiMe3 (8)], which are directly derived from azidophosphenium salt [iPrNPN3][GaCl4] (2iPr[GaCl4]) and the corresponding chlorophosphane R2NPCl2. The reactivity of 7[GaCl4] toward 2,3-dimethylbutadiene (dmb) and 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) was investigated, resulting in the formation of 7-dmb[GaCl4] and 7-Cl. In addition, self-condensation of [(Me3Si)2NPN3][GaCl4] (2SiMe3[GaCl4]) was studied in detail, and [(Me3Si)2NPNP(XY)N(SiMe3)2][GaCl4] [X = Cl; Y = Cl (13), N3 (14)] were determined as products on the basis of (31)P NMR spectroscopy. The reaction of 2SiMe3[GaCl4] with [(Me3Si)2NPCl][GaCl4] (1SiMe3[GaCl4]) yielded an unprecedented bicyclic 1,3,2λ(3),4λ(5)-diazadiphosphetidine (15), which was formed via a GaCl3-assisted Me3SiCl elimination starting from 13. Furthermore, cations of the type [R2NPNPR'3][GaCl4] [R = iPr; R' = cHex (19)] were obtained by the effective combination of 2R[GaCl4] (R = iPr, SiMe3) with PR'3 (R' = Ph, cHex). Azidochlorophosphanes R2NP(N3)Cl [R = iPr, SiMe3 (20R)] are shown to be accessible when 2R[GaCl4] was combined with bipy. All new compounds were fully characterized by means of X-ray, vibrational spectroscopy, CHN analysis, and NMR experiments. All compounds were further investigated by means of density functional theory, and the bonding situation was accessed by natural bond orbital analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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15
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16
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Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a salt bearing a labile bisaminoarsenium cation of the type {[(Me3Si)2N]2As}(+) (9a) are described, which was obtained in the reaction of the chloroarsane [(Me3Si)2N]2AsCl (8) with GaCl3. Reacting 8 with AgOTf did not yield an arsenium salt, but the cyclo-diarsadiazane [(Me3Si)2NAs-μ-NSiMe3]2 (11) was obtained in excellent yields. Moreover, the reactivity of the analogous antimony species [(Me3Si)2N]2SbCl (12) was studied. In the reaction with GaCl3, the aminochlorostibenium salt [(Me3Si)2NSbCl](+)[(Me3Si)2N(GaCl3)2](-) (5) was isolated. In the reaction with AgOTf, substitution of the chlorine in 12 resulted in the formation of [(Me3Si)2N]2SbOTf (13), a compound with significant stibenium character. All new compounds have been fully characterized by means of X-ray, vibrational spectroscopy, CHN analysis, and NMR experiments. All compounds were further investigated by means of density functional theory and the bonding situation was accessed by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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17
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Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of salts bearing highly labile pseudohalogen-substituted aminophosphenium cations of the type [(Me3Si)2NPX][GaCl4] (X = NCO, NCS, O(SiMe3)) and their respective reactivity toward Lewis bases (4-dimethylaminopyridine, dmap) and dienes (2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, dmb; 1,3-cyclo-hexadiene, chd) are described. As π-acidic species, aminophosphenium cations react with dmap at low temperatures to yield adduct salts of the type [(Me3Si)2NP(dmap)X][GaCl4] (X = Cl, N3, NCO) which were fully characterized. In the reaction with dienes at -50 °C, salts bearing phospholenium cations were obtained that could be structurally characterized. The crystal structures of novel 7-phosphanorbornenium cations of the type [(Me3Si)2NP(C6H8)X][GaCl4] (X = Cl, N3, NCO) are reported. All compounds were further investigated by means of density functional theory, and the bonding situation was accessed by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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18
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Hering C, Schulz A, Villinger A. Corrigendum: Low-Temperature Isolation of An Azidophosphenium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Hering C, Lehmann M, Schulz A, Villinger A. Chlorine/Methyl Exchange Reactions in Silylated Aminostibanes: A New Route To Stibinostibonium Cations. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:8212-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str.
3a, 18059 Rostock
| | - Mathias Lehmann
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str.
3a, 18059 Rostock
| | - Axel Schulz
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str.
3a, 18059 Rostock
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str.
3a, 18059 Rostock
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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21
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22
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23
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Tallman N, Hering C. Child abuse and its effects on birth. A research. Midwifery Today Int Midwife 1999:19-21, 67. [PMID: 10338602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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24
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Robbins PW, Trimble RB, Wirth DF, Hering C, Maley F, Maley GF, Das R, Gibson BW, Royal N, Biemann K. Primary structure of the Streptomyces enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. J Biol Chem 1984; 259:7577-83. [PMID: 6429133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the DNA and primary amino acid sequences of the Streptomyces plicatus enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Peptide sequence information was derived from enzyme isolated from Streptomyces culture medium using a combination of mass spectrometric methods and conventional techniques, including Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase Y digestion. The DNA sequence was determined by analysis of the Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H gene cloned into the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322 (Robbins, P. W., Wirth , D. F., and Hering , C. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10640-10644). The enzyme from Streptomyces medium is 271 (or 269) amino acids in length and has a ragged NH2-terminal sequence beginning primarily with Ala-Pro-Val or Ala-Pro-Ala-Pro-Val. DNA resection experiments as well as the DNA sequence itself suggest that a proenzyme or, more probably, " prepro " enzyme may be the primary product of translation. The long 42 (or 44) residue leader sequence of the preproenzyme shows striking similarities to leader sequences found on proteins secreted by Bacillus species. The leader sequence is partially removed by E. coli and, as reported previously, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H made in E. coli appears in both the periplasmic space and in the cell.
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25
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Robbins PW, Trimble RB, Wirth DF, Hering C, Maley F, Maley GF, Das R, Gibson BW, Royal N, Biemann K. Primary structure of the Streptomyces enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)42829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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26
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Robbins PW, Wirth DF, Hering C. Expression of the Streptomyces enzyme endoglycosidase H in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1981; 256:10640-4. [PMID: 6270125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoglycosidase H is one of a large number of enzymes secreted by Streptomyces plicatus and other Streptomyces species. When the structural gene for this enzyme is introduced into Escherichia coli attached to the plasmid pBR-322 or Charon 4 phage, the enzyme is synthesized and is found in the periplasmic space, culture medium, and cells. Attachment of the UV-5 lac promoter to a site in the plasmid adjacent to the Streptomyces insert stimulates enzyme synthesis as much as 100-fold. This result demonstrates that transcription of the Streptomyces gene can be initiated from sequences outside of the Streptomyces insert. Initiation of transcription on a Streptomyces promoter is also a suggested but unproven possibility. In contrast to the situation in Streptomyces, where the enzyme has a molecular weight of 27,000, the enzyme made in E. coli has a molecular weight of approximately 30,000. Possible explanations for this difference in size are lack of cleavage of the Streptomyces secretion "signal sequence" in E. coli or protein "processing" by enzymes secreted into the medium by STreptomyces.
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27
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Lung ML, Hering C, Hartley JW, Rowe WP, Hopkins N. Analysis of the genomes of mink cell focus-inducing murine type-C viruses: a progress report. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 1980; 44 Pt 2,:1269-74. [PMID: 6253201 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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Zinsser E, Kühne-Heid R, Bergmann M, Krähenbiel C, Hering C. [Duodenitis]. Z Gesamte Inn Med 1979; 34:263-5. [PMID: 543174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In 211 bulboscopies 108 normal findings, 29 duodenal ulcers, 44 cases of scar bulb, 4 times erosions of the bulb and 26 times a bulbitis alone (macroscopically) were found. The macroscopic findings duodenitis were confirmed histologically in 85%, the macroscopic findings normal bulbous mucous membrane only in 30% of the cases. In patients with the histological findings duodenitis the bulbous mucous membrane was endoscopically regarded as normal in 70% of the cases. Patients with duodenitis more frequently have an antrum gastritis and less frequently a corpus gastritis than a control group corresponding to age without any macroscopic changes at the stomach and duodenal bulb. On account of its clinico-therapeutic importance is referred to the fact to demarcate the peptic corrosive bulbitis (bulbitis with bulboscopically probable lesion) from the bulbitis without bulboscopic lesion.
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29
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Hering C. [Tumor-like ulcer penetration--an indication for partial liver resection]. Chirurg 1978; 49:118-20. [PMID: 627162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Hering C. [Asymptomatic subcutaneous abdominal wall ruptures]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1977; 71:526. [PMID: 143134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Hering C. [Juvenile dental hygiene in Baden-Württemberg. A law and a way to its enforcement]. Zahnarztl Mitt 1976; 66:123-6. [PMID: 1062097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Hering C. [Case report and time of therapy in orchidopexia]. Kinderarztl Prax 1973; 41:549-53. [PMID: 4150475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Hering C. THE PROBLEM OF THE MONKEY AND THE WEIGHT. Science 1924; 59:164. [PMID: 17758457 DOI: 10.1126/science.59.1520.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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34
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Hering C. Did Humphry Davy Melt Ice by Rubbing Two Pieces Together Under the Receiver of an Air Pump? Science 1922; 55:514-5. [PMID: 17738852 DOI: 10.1126/science.55.1428.514-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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35
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Hering C. Longitudinal Electromagnetic Forces. Science 1921; 54:492-3. [PMID: 17745169 DOI: 10.1126/science.54.1403.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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36
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Hering C. A POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES. Science 1920; 52:509-10. [PMID: 17759850 DOI: 10.1126/science.52.1352.509-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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37
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Hering C. AN ODD PROBLEM IN MECHANICS. Science 1920; 51:46. [PMID: 17838895 DOI: 10.1126/science.51.1306.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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38
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Hering C. DOUBLE USE OF THE TERM ACCELERATION. Science 1919; 50:393-4. [PMID: 17830120 DOI: 10.1126/science.50.1295.393-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Hering C. HERING'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS. Science 1918; 47:439. [PMID: 17829827 DOI: 10.1126/science.47.1218.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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40
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Hering C. An Apparently New Principle in the Flow of Heat. Science 1918; 47:313-4. [PMID: 17757816 DOI: 10.1126/science.47.1213.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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41
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Hering C. AIR IN THE DEPTHS OF THE OCEAN. Science 1911; 34:239. [PMID: 17732582 DOI: 10.1126/science.34.869.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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42
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43
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Hering C. Therapeutic Observations upon Carbo Vegetabilis. Homoeopath Physician 1889; 9:244-246. [PMID: 37135137 PMCID: PMC9710996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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44
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Hering C. Some Practical Remarks. Homoeopath Physician 1889; 9:151-152. [PMID: 37135081 PMCID: PMC9710915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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45
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Hering C. Caries of the Teeth. Homoeopath Physician 1885; 5:385. [PMID: 37135010 PMCID: PMC9708258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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46
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Hering C. Therapeutic Hints. Homoeopath Physician 1885; 5:112. [PMID: 37134994 PMCID: PMC9708241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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47
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Hering C. Practical Remarks. Homoeopath Physician 1885; 5:77. [PMID: 37134940 PMCID: PMC9708176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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48
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Hering C. A Rare Symptom. Homoeopath Physician 1882; 2:485. [PMID: 37134552 PMCID: PMC9681344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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49
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Hering C. Better after Sleep. Homoeopath Physician 1882; 2:478. [PMID: 37134556 PMCID: PMC9681352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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50
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Hering C. Table of Diarrhœa Symptoms, with Remedies. Homoeopath Physician 1882; 2:136. [PMID: 37134595 PMCID: PMC9681416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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