1
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Ghosh P, Alvertis AM, Chowdhury R, Murto P, Gillett AJ, Dong S, Sneyd AJ, Cho HH, Evans EW, Monserrat B, Li F, Schnedermann C, Bronstein H, Friend RH, Rao A. Decoupling excitons from high-frequency vibrations in organic molecules. Nature 2024; 629:355-362. [PMID: 38720042 PMCID: PMC11078737 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The coupling of excitons in π-conjugated molecules to high-frequency vibrational modes, particularly carbon-carbon stretch modes (1,000-1,600 cm-1) has been thought to be unavoidable1,2. These high-frequency modes accelerate non-radiative losses and limit the performance of light-emitting diodes, fluorescent biomarkers and photovoltaic devices. Here, by combining broadband impulsive vibrational spectroscopy, first-principles modelling and synthetic chemistry, we explore exciton-vibration coupling in a range of π-conjugated molecules. We uncover two design rules that decouple excitons from high-frequency vibrations. First, when the exciton wavefunction has a substantial charge-transfer character with spatially disjoint electron and hole densities, we find that high-frequency modes can be localized to either the donor or acceptor moiety, so that they do not significantly perturb the exciton energy or its spatial distribution. Second, it is possible to select materials such that the participating molecular orbitals have a symmetry-imposed non-bonding character and are, thus, decoupled from the high-frequency vibrational modes that modulate the π-bond order. We exemplify both these design rules by creating a series of spin radical systems that have very efficient near-infrared emission (680-800 nm) from charge-transfer excitons. We show that these systems have substantial coupling to vibrational modes only below 250 cm-1, frequencies that are too low to allow fast non-radiative decay. This enables non-radiative decay rates to be suppressed by nearly two orders of magnitude in comparison to π-conjugated molecules with similar bandgaps. Our results show that losses due to coupling to high-frequency modes need not be a fundamental property of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Ghosh
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonios M Alvertis
- KBR, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Petri Murto
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Shengzhi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Hwan-Hee Cho
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emrys W Evans
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Hugo Bronstein
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Keene ST, Laulainen JEM, Pandya R, Moser M, Schnedermann C, Midgley PA, McCulloch I, Rao A, Malliaras GG. Hole-limited electrochemical doping in conjugated polymers. Nat Mater 2023; 22:1121-1127. [PMID: 37414944 PMCID: PMC10465356 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous transport and coupling of ionic and electronic charges is fundamental to electrochemical devices used in energy storage and conversion, neuromorphic computing and bioelectronics. While the mixed conductors enabling these technologies are widely used, the dynamic relationship between ionic and electronic transport is generally poorly understood, hindering the rational design of new materials. In semiconducting electrodes, electrochemical doping is assumed to be limited by motion of ions due to their large mass compared to electrons and/or holes. Here, we show that this basic assumption does not hold for conjugated polymer electrodes. Using operando optical microscopy, we reveal that electrochemical doping speeds in a state-of-the-art polythiophene can be limited by poor hole transport at low doping levels, leading to substantially slower switching speeds than expected. We show that the timescale of hole-limited doping can be controlled by the degree of microstructural heterogeneity, enabling the design of conjugated polymers with improved electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Keene
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - George G Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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3
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Baikie TK, Wey LT, Lawrence JM, Medipally H, Reisner E, Nowaczyk MM, Friend RH, Howe CJ, Schnedermann C, Rao A, Zhang JZ. Photosynthesis re-wired on the pico-second timescale. Nature 2023; 615:836-840. [PMID: 36949188 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Photosystems II and I (PSII, PSI) are the reaction centre-containing complexes driving the light reactions of photosynthesis; PSII performs light-driven water oxidation and PSI further photo-energizes harvested electrons. The impressive efficiencies of the photosystems have motivated extensive biological, artificial and biohybrid approaches to 're-wire' photosynthesis for higher biomass-conversion efficiencies and new reaction pathways, such as H2 evolution or CO2 fixation1,2. Previous approaches focused on charge extraction at terminal electron acceptors of the photosystems3. Electron extraction at earlier steps, perhaps immediately from photoexcited reaction centres, would enable greater thermodynamic gains; however, this was believed impossible with reaction centres buried at least 4 nm within the photosystems4,5. Here, we demonstrate, using in vivo ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, extraction of electrons directly from photoexcited PSI and PSII at early points (several picoseconds post-photo-excitation) with live cyanobacterial cells or isolated photosystems, and exogenous electron mediators such as 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) and methyl viologen. We postulate that these mediators oxidize peripheral chlorophyll pigments participating in highly delocalized charge-transfer states after initial photo-excitation. Our results challenge previous models that the photoexcited reaction centres are insulated within the photosystem protein scaffold, opening new avenues to study and re-wire photosynthesis for biotechnologies and semi-artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi K Baikie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura T Wey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Joshua M Lawrence
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Jenny Z Zhang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Zhang Y, Nguyen M, Schnedermann C, Keene ST, Jacobs I, Rao A, Sirringhaus H. Transmission-based charge modulation microscopy on conjugated polymer blend field-effect transistors. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:034201. [PMID: 36681638 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge modulation microscopy (CMM) is an electro-optical method that is capable of mapping the spatial distribution of induced charges in an organic field-effect transistor (OFET). Here, we report a new (and simple) implementation of CMM in transmission geometry with camera-based imaging. A significant improvement in data acquisition speed (by at least an order of magnitude) has been achieved while preserving the spatial and spectral resolution. To demonstrate the capability of the system, we measured the spatial distribution of the induced charges in an OFET with a polymer blend of indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole and poly-vinylcarbazole that shows micrometer-scale phase separation. We were able to resolve spatial variations in the accumulated charge density on a length scale of 500 nm. We demonstrated through a careful spectral analysis that the measured signal is a genuine charge accumulation signal that is not dominated by optical artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Nguyen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Scott T Keene
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Jacobs
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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5
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Merryweather AJ, Jacquet Q, Emge SP, Schnedermann C, Rao A, Grey CP. Operando monitoring of single-particle kinetic state-of-charge heterogeneities and cracking in high-rate Li-ion anodes. Nat Mater 2022; 21:1306-1313. [PMID: 35970962 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To rationalize and improve the performance of newly developed high-rate battery electrode materials, it is crucial to understand the ion intercalation and degradation mechanisms occurring during realistic battery operation. Here we apply a laboratory-based operando optical scattering microscopy method to study micrometre-sized rod-like particles of the anode material Nb14W3O44 during high-rate cycling. We directly visualize elongation of the particles, which, by comparison with ensemble X-ray diffraction, allows us to determine changes in the state of charge of individual particles. A continuous change in scattering intensity with state of charge enables the observation of non-equilibrium kinetic phase separations within individual particles. Phase field modelling (informed by pulsed-field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance and electrochemical experiments) supports the kinetic origin of this separation, which arises from the state-of-charge dependence of the Li-ion diffusion coefficient. The non-equilibrium phase separations lead to particle cracking at high rates of delithiation, particularly in longer particles, with some of the resulting fragments becoming electrically disconnected on subsequent cycling. These results demonstrate the power of optical scattering microscopy to track rapid non-equilibrium processes that would be inaccessible with established characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Merryweather
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Faraday Institution, Didcot, UK
| | - Quentin Jacquet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steffen P Emge
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Faraday Institution, Didcot, UK.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Faraday Institution, Didcot, UK.
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Faraday Institution, Didcot, UK.
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6
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Ashoka A, Gauriot N, Girija AV, Sawhney N, Sneyd AJ, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Sung J, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Direct observation of ultrafast singlet exciton fission in three dimensions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5963. [PMID: 36216826 PMCID: PMC9551063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We present quantitative ultrafast interferometric pump-probe microscopy capable of tracking of photoexcitations with sub-10 nm spatial precision in three dimensions with 15 fs temporal resolution, through retrieval of the full transient photoinduced complex refractive index. We use this methodology to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of the quantum coherent photophysical process of ultrafast singlet exciton fission. Measurements on microcrystalline pentacene films grown on glass (SiO2) and boron nitride (hBN) reveal a 25 nm, 70 fs expansion of the joint-density-of-states along the crystal a,c-axes accompanied by a 6 nm, 115 fs change in the exciton density along the crystal b-axis. We propose that photogenerated singlet excitons expand along the direction of maximal orbital π-overlap in the crystal a,c-plane to form correlated triplet pairs, which subsequently electronically decouples into free triplets along the crystal b-axis due to molecular sliding motion of neighbouring pentacene molecules. Our methodology lays the foundation for the study of three dimensional transport on ultrafast timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Ashoka
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - Nicolas Gauriot
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - Aswathy V. Girija
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - Nipun Sawhney
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - Alexander J. Sneyd
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- grid.21941.3f0000 0001 0789 6880International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Japan
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- grid.417736.00000 0004 0438 6721Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, 42988 Republic of Korea
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
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7
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Sun R, Liu M, Wang P, Qin Y, Schnedermann C, Maher AG, Zheng SL, Liu S, Chen B, Zhang S, Dogutan DK, Lindsey JS, Nocera DG. Syntheses and Properties of Metalated Tetradehydrocorrins. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12308-12317. [PMID: 35892197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The monoanionic tetrapyrrolic macrocycle B,C-tetradehydrocorrin (TDC) resides chemically between corroles and corrins. This chemical space remains largely unexplored due to a lack of reliable synthetic strategies. We now report the preparation and characterization of Co(II)- and Ni(II)-metalated TDC derivatives ([Co-TDC]+ and [Ni-TDC]+, respectively) with a combination of crystallographic, electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic techniques. [Ni-TDC]+ was found to undergo primarily ligand-centered electrochemical reduction, leading to hydrogenation of the macrocycle under cathodic electrolysis in the presence of acid. Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy reveals that [Ni-TDC]+ and the two-electron-reduced [Ni-TDC]- possess long-lived excited states, whereas the excited state of singly reduced [Ni-TDC] exhibits picosecond dynamics. The Co(I) compound [Co-TDC] is air stable, highlighting the notable property of the TDC ligand to stabilize low-valent metal centers in contradistinction to other tetrapyrroles such as corroles, which typically stabilize metals in higher oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mengran Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Pengzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Andrew G Maher
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Boyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Dilek K Dogutan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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8
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Ashoka A, Tamming RR, Girija AV, Bretscher H, Verma SD, Yang SD, Lu CH, Hodgkiss JM, Ritchie D, Chen C, Smith CG, Schnedermann C, Price MB, Chen K, Rao A. Extracting quantitative dielectric properties from pump-probe spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1437. [PMID: 35301311 PMCID: PMC8931171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical pump-probe spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the study of non-equilibrium electronic dynamics and finds wide applications across a range of fields, from physics and chemistry to material science and biology. However, a shortcoming of conventional pump-probe spectroscopy is that photoinduced changes in transmission, reflection and scattering can simultaneously contribute to the measured differential spectra, leading to ambiguities in assigning the origin of spectral signatures and ruling out quantitative interpretation of the spectra. Ideally, these methods would measure the underlying dielectric function (or the complex refractive index) which would then directly provide quantitative information on the transient excited state dynamics free of these ambiguities. Here we present and test a model independent route to transform differential transmission or reflection spectra, measured via conventional optical pump-probe spectroscopy, to changes in the quantitative transient dielectric function. We benchmark this method against changes in the real refractive index measured using time-resolved Frequency Domain Interferometry in prototypical inorganic and organic semiconductor films. Our methodology can be applied to existing and future pump-probe data sets, allowing for an unambiguous and quantitative characterisation of the transient photoexcited spectra of materials. This in turn will accelerate the adoption of pump-probe spectroscopy as a facile and robust materials characterisation and screening tool. Photoinduced changes in transmission, reflection and scattering prevent conventional pump-probe spectroscopy to unambiguously assign the origin of spectral signatures. Ashoka et al. have developed an optical modelling technique to extract quantitative and unambiguous changes in the dielectric function from standard pump-probe measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Ashoka
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ronnie R Tamming
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Aswathy V Girija
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hope Bretscher
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sachin Dev Verma
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - David Ritchie
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chong Chen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles G Smith
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael B Price
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chen
- Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Pandya R, Chen RYS, Gu Q, Sung J, Schnedermann C, Ojambati OS, Chikkaraddy R, Gorman J, Jacucci G, Onelli OD, Willhammar T, Johnstone DN, Collins SM, Midgley PA, Auras F, Baikie T, Jayaprakash R, Mathevet F, Soucek R, Du M, Alvertis AM, Ashoka A, Vignolini S, Lidzey DG, Baumberg JJ, Friend RH, Barisien T, Legrand L, Chin AW, Yuen-Zhou J, Saikin SK, Kukura P, Musser AJ, Rao A. Microcavity-like exciton-polaritons can be the primary photoexcitation in bare organic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6519. [PMID: 34764252 PMCID: PMC8585971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong-coupling between excitons and confined photonic modes can lead to the formation of new quasi-particles termed exciton-polaritons which can display a range of interesting properties such as super-fluidity, ultrafast transport and Bose-Einstein condensation. Strong-coupling typically occurs when an excitonic material is confided in a dielectric or plasmonic microcavity. Here, we show polaritons can form at room temperature in a range of chemically diverse, organic semiconductor thin films, despite the absence of an external cavity. We find evidence of strong light-matter coupling via angle-dependent peak splittings in the reflectivity spectra of the materials and emission from collective polariton states. We additionally show exciton-polaritons are the primary photoexcitation in these organic materials by directly imaging their ultrafast (5 × 106 m s-1), ultralong (~270 nm) transport. These results open-up new fundamental physics and could enable a new generation of organic optoelectronic and light harvesting devices based on cavity-free exciton-polaritons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Qifei Gu
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Oluwafemi S. Ojambati
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianni Jacucci
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Olimpia D. Onelli
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tom Willhammar
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duncan N. Johnstone
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK
| | - Sean M. Collins
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A. Midgley
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Auras
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomi Baikie
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Rahul Jayaprakash
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, UK
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- grid.462019.80000 0004 0370 0168Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Richard Soucek
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthew Du
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Antonios M. Alvertis
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Arjun Ashoka
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - David G. Lidzey
- grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, UK
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard H. Friend
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, UK
| | - Thierry Barisien
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Legrand
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alex W. Chin
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut des NanoSciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Semion K. Saikin
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA ,grid.510678.dKebotix Inc., 501 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Philipp Kukura
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Andrew J. Musser
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
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10
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Merryweather AJ, Schnedermann C, Jacquet Q, Grey CP, Rao A. Operando optical tracking of single-particle ion dynamics in batteries. Nature 2021; 594:522-528. [PMID: 34163058 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The key to advancing lithium-ion battery technology-in particular, fast charging-is the ability to follow and understand the dynamic processes occurring in functioning materials under realistic conditions, in real time and on the nano- to mesoscale. Imaging of lithium-ion dynamics during battery operation (operando imaging) at present requires sophisticated synchrotron X-ray1-7 or electron microscopy8,9 techniques, which do not lend themselves to high-throughput material screening. This limits rapid and rational materials improvements. Here we introduce a simple laboratory-based, optical interferometric scattering microscope10-13 to resolve nanoscopic lithium-ion dynamics in battery materials, and apply it to follow cycling of individual particles of the archetypal cathode material14,15, LixCoO2, within an electrode matrix. We visualize the insulator-to-metal, solid solution and lithium ordering phase transitions directly and determine rates of lithium diffusion at the single-particle level, identifying different mechanisms on charge and discharge. Finally, we capture the dynamic formation of domain boundaries between different crystal orientations associated with the monoclinic lattice distortion at the Li0.5CoO2 composition16. The high-throughput nature of our methodology allows many particles to be sampled across the entire electrode and in future will enable exploration of the role of dislocations, morphologies and cycling rate on battery degradation. The generality of our imaging concept means that it can be applied to study any battery electrode, and more broadly, systems where the transport of ions is associated with electronic or structural changes. Such systems include nanoionic films, ionic conducting polymers, photocatalytic materials and memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Merryweather
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Quentin Jacquet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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11
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Pandya R, Alvertis AM, Gu Q, Sung J, Legrand L, Kréher D, Barisien T, Chin AW, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Exciton Diffusion in Highly-Ordered One Dimensional Conjugated Polymers: Effects of Back-Bone Torsion, Electronic Symmetry, Phonons and Annihilation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3669-3678. [PMID: 33829788 PMCID: PMC8154834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many optoelectronic devices based on organic materials require rapid and long-range singlet exciton transport. Key factors controlling exciton transport include material structure, exciton-phonon coupling and electronic state symmetry. Here, we employ femtosecond transient absorption microscopy to study the influence of these parameters on exciton transport in one-dimensional conjugated polymers. We find that excitons with 21Ag- symmetry and a planar backbone exhibit a significantly higher diffusion coefficient (34 ± 10 cm2 s-1) compared to excitons with 11Bu+ symmetry (7 ± 6 cm2 s-1) with a twisted backbone. We also find that exciton transport in the 21Ag- state occurs without exciton-exciton annihilation. Both 21Ag- and 11Bu+ states are found to exhibit subdiffusive behavior. Ab initio GW-BSE calculations reveal that this is due to the comparable strengths of the exciton-phonon interaction and exciton coupling. Our results demonstrate the link between electronic state symmetry, backbone torsion and phonons in exciton transport in π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios M. Alvertis
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Qifei Gu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Legrand
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Institut
des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David Kréher
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Institut
Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) UMR 8232, Chimie des
Polymères, 4 Place
Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Barisien
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Institut
des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alex W. Chin
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Institut
des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Qin Y, Schnedermann C, Tasior M, Gryko DT, Nocera DG. Direct Observation of Different One- and Two-Photon Fluorescent States in a Pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrole Fluorophore. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4866-4872. [PMID: 32441941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon fluorophores are frequently employed to obtain superior spatial resolution in optical microscopy applications. To guide the rational design of these molecules, a detailed understanding of their excited-state deactivation pathways after two-photon excitation is beneficial, especially to assess the often-assumed presumption that the one- and two-photon excited-state dynamics are similar after excitation. Here, we showcase the breakdown of this assumption for one- and two-photon excitation of a centrosymmetric pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole chromophore by combining time-resolved fluorescence and broadband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Compared to one-photon excitation, where radiative decay dominates the photodynamics, two-photon excitation leads to dynamics arising from increased nonradiative decay pathways. These different photodynamics are manifest to different quantum yields, thus highlighting the types of time-resolved studies described here to be valuable guideposts in the design of two-photon fluorophores for imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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13
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Pandya R, Chen RYS, Gu Q, Gorman J, Auras F, Sung J, Friend R, Kukura P, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Femtosecond Transient Absorption Microscopy of Singlet Exciton Motion in Side-Chain Engineered Perylene-Diimide Thin Films. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2721-2730. [PMID: 32130861 PMCID: PMC7132576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a statistical analysis of femtosecond transient absorption microscopy applied to four different organic semiconductor thin films based on perylene-diimide (PDI). By achieving a temporal resolution of 12 fs with simultaneous sub-10 nm spatial precision, we directly probe the underlying exciton transport characteristics within 3 ps after photoexcitation free of model assumptions. Our study reveals sub-picosecond coherent exciton transport (12-45 cm2 s-1) followed by a diffusive phase of exciton transport (3-17 cm2 s-1). A comparison between the different films suggests that the exciton transport in the studied materials is intricately linked to their nanoscale morphology, with PDI films that form large crystalline domains exhibiting the largest diffusion coefficients and transport lengths. Our study demonstrates the advantages of directly studying ultrafast transport properties at the nanometer length scale and highlights the need to examine nanoscale morphology when investigating exciton transport in organic as well as inorganic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Qifei Gu
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Florian Auras
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard Friend
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford
University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K.
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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14
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Schnedermann C, Sung J, Pandya R, Verma SD, Chen RYS, Gauriot N, Bretscher HM, Kukura P, Rao A. Ultrafast Tracking of Exciton and Charge Carrier Transport in Optoelectronic Materials on the Nanometer Scale. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6727-6733. [PMID: 31592672 PMCID: PMC6844127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel optical transient absorption and reflection microscope based on a diffraction-limited pump pulse in combination with a wide-field probe pulse, for the spatiotemporal investigation of ultrafast population transport in thin films. The microscope achieves a temporal resolution down to 12 fs and simultaneously provides sub-10 nm spatial accuracy. We demonstrate the capabilities of the microscope by revealing an ultrafast excited-state exciton population transport of up to 32 nm in a thin film of pentacene and by tracking the carrier motion in p-doped silicon. The use of few-cycle optical excitation pulses enables impulsive stimulated Raman microspectroscopy, which is used for in situ verification of the chemical identity in the 100-2000 cm-1 spectral window. Our methodology bridges the gap between optical microscopy and spectroscopy, allowing for the study of ultrafast transport properties down to the nanometer length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- E-mail: (C.S.)
| | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Pandya
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Sachin Dev Verma
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y. S. Chen
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Gauriot
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Hope M. Bretscher
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- E-mail: (A.R.)
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15
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Schnedermann C, Alvertis AM, Wende T, Lukman S, Feng J, Schröder FAYN, Turban DHP, Wu J, Hine NDM, Greenham NC, Chin AW, Rao A, Kukura P, Musser AJ. A molecular movie of ultrafast singlet fission. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4207. [PMID: 31527736 PMCID: PMC6746807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex dynamics of ultrafast photoinduced reactions are governed by their evolution along vibronically coupled potential energy surfaces. It is now often possible to identify such processes, but a detailed depiction of the crucial nuclear degrees of freedom involved typically remains elusive. Here, combining excited-state time-domain Raman spectroscopy and tree-tensor network state simulations, we construct the full 108-atom molecular movie of ultrafast singlet fission in a pentacene dimer, explicitly treating 252 vibrational modes on 5 electronic states. We assign the tuning and coupling modes, quantifying their relative intensities and contributions, and demonstrate how these modes coherently synchronise to drive the reaction. Our combined experimental and theoretical approach reveals the atomic-scale singlet fission mechanism and can be generalized to other ultrafast photoinduced reactions in complex systems. This will enable mechanistic insight on a detailed structural level, with the ultimate aim to rationally design molecules to maximise the efficiency of photoinduced reactions. Ultrafast photo-induced processes in complex systems require theoretical models and their experimental validation which are still lacking. Here the authors investigate singlet fission in a pentacene dimer by a combined experimental and theoretical approach providing a real-time visualisation of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK. .,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Antonios M Alvertis
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Torsten Wende
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Steven Lukman
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.,Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Florian A Y N Schröder
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - David H P Turban
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Nicholas D M Hine
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alex W Chin
- Centre National de la Recherce Scientifique, Institute des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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16
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Schnedermann C, Rao A, Kukura P. Shaky lattices for light-matter interactions. Nat Mater 2019; 18:307-308. [PMID: 30894754 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford, UK.
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17
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Abe R, Bajada M, Beller M, Bocarsly AB, Butt J, Cassiola F, Domcke W, Durrant JR, Gavrielides S, Grätzel M, Hammarström L, Hatzell MC, König B, Kudo A, Kuehnel MF, Lage A, Lee CY, Maneiro M, Minteer SD, Paris AR, Plumeré N, Reek JNH, Reisner E, Roy S, Schnedermann C, Shankar R, Shylin SI, Smith WA, Soo HS, Wagner A, Wielend D. Beyond artificial photosynthesis: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2019; 215:422-438. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fd90022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Sun R, Qin Y, Ruccolo S, Schnedermann C, Costentin C, Nocera DG. Elucidation of a Redox-Mediated Reaction Cycle for Nickel-Catalyzed Cross Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:89-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Cyrille Costentin
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université − CNRS No. 7591, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University
, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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19
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Ruccolo S, Qin Y, Schnedermann C, Nocera DG. General Strategy for Improving the Quantum Efficiency of Photoredox Hydroamidation Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14926-14937. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138−2902, United States
| | - Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138−2902, United States
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138−2902, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138−2902, United States
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20
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Pandya R, Chen RYS, Cheminal A, Thomas T, Thampi A, Tanoh A, Richter J, Shivanna R, Deschler F, Schnedermann C, Rao A. Observation of Vibronic-Coupling-Mediated Energy Transfer in Light-Harvesting Nanotubes Stabilized in a Solid-State Matrix. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5604-5611. [PMID: 30149711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy is employed to obtain real-time structural information on energy transport in double-walled light-harvesting nanotubes at room temperature, stabilized in a host matrix to mimic the rigid scaffolds of natural light-harvesting systems. We observe evidence of a low-frequency vibrational mode at 315 cm-1, which transfers excitons from the outer wall of the nanotubes to a crossing point through which energy transfer to the inner wall can occur. This mode is furthermore absent in solution phase. Importantly, the coherence of this mode is not transferred to the inner wall upon energy transfer and is only present on the outer wall's excited-state energy surface, highlighting that complete energy transfer between the outer and inner walls does not take place. Isolation of the individual walls of the nanotubes provides evidence that this mode corresponds to a supramolecular motion of the nanotubes. Our results emphasize the importance of the solid-state environment in modulating vibronic coupling and directing energy transfer in molecular light-harvesting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Richard Y S Chen
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Cheminal
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Tudor Thomas
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Arya Thampi
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Arelo Tanoh
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Richter
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Felix Deschler
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thompson Avenue , CB3 0HE Cambridge , United Kingdom
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G. Margarit
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Naomi G. Asimow
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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22
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Morgan Chan Z, Kitchaev DA, Nelson Weker J, Schnedermann C, Lim K, Ceder G, Tumas W, Toney MF, Nocera DG. Electrochemical trapping of metastable Mn 3+ ions for activation of MnO 2 oxygen evolution catalysts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5261-E5268. [PMID: 29784802 PMCID: PMC6003334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722235115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrodeposited manganese oxide films are promising catalysts for promoting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), especially in acidic solutions. The activity of these catalysts is known to be enhanced by the introduction of Mn3+ We present in situ electrochemical and X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies, which reveal that Mn3+ may be introduced into MnO2 by an electrochemically induced comproportionation reaction with Mn2+ and that Mn3+ persists in OER active films. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of the Mn3+-activated films indicate a decrease in the Mn-O coordination number, and Raman microspectroscopy reveals the presence of distorted Mn-O environments. Computational studies show that Mn3+ is kinetically trapped in tetrahedral sites and in a fully oxidized structure, consistent with the reduction of coordination number observed in EXAFS. Although in a reduced state, computation shows that Mn3+ states are stabilized relative to those of oxygen and that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is thus dominated by oxygen states. Furthermore, the Mn3+(Td) induces local strain on the oxide sublattice as observed in Raman spectra and results in a reduced gap between the HOMO and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). The confluence of a reduced HOMO-LUMO gap and oxygen-based HOMO results in the facilitation of OER on the application of anodic potentials to the δ-MnO2 polymorph incorporating Mn3+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamyla Morgan Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Daniil A Kitchaev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Johanna Nelson Weker
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | | | - Kipil Lim
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Department of Materials Science, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - William Tumas
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025;
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
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23
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Schnedermann C, Lim JM, Wende T, Duarte AS, Ni L, Gu Q, Sadhanala A, Rao A, Kukura P. Sub-10 fs Time-Resolved Vibronic Optical Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4854-4859. [PMID: 27934055 PMCID: PMC5684689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We introduce femtosecond wide-field transient absorption microscopy combining sub-10 fs pump and probe pulses covering the complete visible (500-650 nm) and near-infrared (650-950 nm) spectrum with diffraction-limited optical resolution. We demonstrate the capabilities of our system by reporting the spatially- and spectrally-resolved transient electronic response of MAPbI3-xClx perovskite films and reveal significant quenching of the transient bleach signal at grain boundaries. The unprecedented temporal resolution enables us to directly observe the formation of band-gap renormalization, completed in 25 fs after photoexcitation. In addition, we acquire hyperspectral Raman maps of TIPS pentacene films with sub-400 nm spatial and sub-15 cm-1 spectral resolution covering the 100-2000 cm-1 window. Our approach opens up the possibility of studying ultrafast dynamics on nanometer length and femtosecond time scales in a variety of two-dimensional and nanoscopic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Wende
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex S. Duarte
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Limeng Ni
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Qifei Gu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University
of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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24
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Abstract
We present a wide-field imaging implementation of Fourier transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (wide-field detected FT-CARS) microscopy capable of acquiring high-contrast label-free but chemically specific images over the full vibrational 'fingerprint' region, suitable for a large field of view. Rapid resonant mechanical scanning of the illumination beam coupled with highly sensitive, camera-based detection of the CARS signal allows for fast and direct hyperspectral wide-field image acquisition, while minimizing sample damage. Intrinsic to FT-CARS microscopy, the ability to control the range of time-delays between pump and probe pulses allows for fine tuning of spectral resolution, bandwidth and imaging speed while maintaining full duty cycle. We outline the basic principles of wide-field detected FT-CARS microscopy and demonstrate how it can be used as a sensitive optical probe for chemically specific Raman imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Soares Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
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25
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Schnedermann C, Muders V, Ehrenberg D, Schlesinger R, Kukura P, Heberle J. Vibronic Dynamics of the Ultrafast all-trans to 13-cis Photoisomerization of Retinal in Channelrhodopsin-1. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4757-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks
Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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26
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Bassolino G, Sovdat T, Soares Duarte A, Lim JM, Schnedermann C, Liebel M, Odell B, Claridge TDW, Fletcher SP, Kukura P. Barrierless Photoisomerization of 11-cis Retinal Protonated Schiff Base in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12434-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bassolino
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Tina Sovdat
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Alex Soares Duarte
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Jong Min Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Matz Liebel
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Barbara Odell
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Timothy D. W. Claridge
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Liebel
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, U.K
| | - C. Schnedermann
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, U.K
| | - T. Wende
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, U.K
| | - P. Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, U.K
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28
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Schnedermann C, Liebel M, Kukura P. Mode-Specificity of Vibrationally Coherent Internal Conversion in Rhodopsin during the Primary Visual Event. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2886-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508941k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnedermann
- Physical
and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Matz Liebel
- Physical
and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical
and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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29
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Jemmis ED, Aravamudhan S, Arunan E, Shahi A, Hunt N, Schnedermann C, Helliwell JR, Ashfold M, Prabal Goswami H, Nenov A, Deckert V, Roy Chowdhury P, Ghiggino K, Miller RJD, Goswami D, Junge W, Howard J, Tominaga K, van Driel TB, Zanni M, Umapathy S, Meedom Nielsen M, Pal R, Mukamel S. Future challenges: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2015; 177:517-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd90019k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Zanni M, E D J, Aravamudhan S, Pallipurath A, Arunan E, Schnedermann C, Mishra AK, Warren M, Hirst JD, John F, Pal R, Helliwell JR, Moirangthem K, Chakraborty S, Dijkstra AG, Roy Chowdhury P, Ghiggino K, Miller RJD, Meech S, Medhi H, Hariharan M, Ariese F, Edwards A, Mallia AR, Umapathy S, Meedom Nielsen M, Hunt N, Tian ZY, Skelton J, Sankar G, Goswami D. Time and Space resolved Methods: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2015; 177:263-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd90017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Wende T, Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Pethick RJ, Kukura P. Population-controlled impulsive vibrational spectroscopy: background- and baseline-free Raman spectroscopy of excited electronic states. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9976-84. [PMID: 25244029 DOI: 10.1021/jp5075863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the technique of population-controlled impulsive vibrational spectroscopy (PC-IVS) aimed at providing high-quality, background-free Raman spectra of excited electronic states and their dynamics. Our approach consists of a modified transient absorption experiment using an ultrashort (<10 fs) pump pulse with additional electronic excitation and control pulses. The latter allows for the experimental isolation of excited-state vibrational coherence and, hence, vibrational spectra. We illustrate the capabilities of PC-IVS by reporting the Raman spectra of well-established molecular systems such as the carotenoid astaxanthin and trans-stilbene and present the first excited-state Raman spectra of the retinal protonated Schiff base chromophore in solution. Our approach, illustrated here with impulsive vibrational spectroscopy, is equally applicable to transient and even multidimensional infrared and electronic spectroscopies to experimentally isolate spectroscopic signatures of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Wende
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
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32
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Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Kukura P. Sub-10-fs pulses tunable from 480 to 980 nm from a NOPA pumped by an Yb:KGW source. Opt Lett 2014; 39:4112-4115. [PMID: 25121664 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe two noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) systems pumped by either the second (515 nm) or the third (343 nm) harmonic from an Yb:KGW source. Pulse durations as short as 6.8 fs are readily obtained by compression with chirped mirrors. The availability of both the second and third harmonics for NOPA pumping allows for gap-free tuning from 520 to 980 nm. The use of an intermediate NOPA to generate seed light at 780 nm extends the tuning range of the third harmonic pumped NOPA toward 450 nm.
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33
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Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Bassolino G, Taylor G, Watts A, Kukura P. Direct observation of the coherent nuclear response after the absorption of a photon. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:238301. [PMID: 24972232 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.238301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
How molecules convert light energy to perform a specific transformation is a fundamental question in photophysics. Ultrafast spectroscopy reveals the kinetics associated with electronic energy flow, but little is known about how absorbed photon energy drives nuclear motion. Here we used ultrabroadband transient absorption spectroscopy to monitor coherent vibrational energy flow after photoexcitation of the retinal chromophore. In the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin, we observed coherent activation of hydrogen-out-of-plane wagging and backbone torsional modes that were replaced by unreactive coordinates in the solution environment, concomitant with a deactivation of the reactive relaxation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liebel
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Schnedermann
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Bassolino
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - G Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomembrane Structure Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - A Watts
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomembrane Structure Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - P Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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34
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Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Kukura P. Vibrationally coherent crossing and coupling of electronic states during internal conversion in β-carotene. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:198302. [PMID: 24877970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.198302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom mediates energy flow in molecules after optical excitation. The associated coherent dynamics in polyatomic systems, however, remain experimentally unexplored. Here, we combined transient absorption spectroscopy with electronic population control to reveal nuclear wave packet dynamics during the S2 → S1 internal conversion in β-carotene. We show that passage through a conical intersection is vibrationally coherent and thereby provides direct feedback on the role of different vibrational coordinates in the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liebel
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Schnedermann
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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35
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Bassolino G, Sovdat T, Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Odell B, Claridge TD, Kukura P, Fletcher SP. Synthetic Control of Retinal Photochemistry and Photophysics in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2650-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4121814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bassolino
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Tina Sovdat
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Matz Liebel
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Barbara Odell
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Timothy D.W. Claridge
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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36
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Sovdat T, Bassolino G, Liebel M, Schnedermann C, Fletcher SP, Kukura P. Backbone modification of retinal induces protein-like excited state dynamics in solution. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8318-20. [PMID: 22536821 DOI: 10.1021/ja3007929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The drastically different reactivity of the retinal chromophore in solution compared to the protein environment is poorly understood. Here, we show that the addition of a methyl group to the C═C backbone of all-trans retinal protonated Schiff base accelerates the electronic decay in solution making it comparable to the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin. Contrary to the notion that reaction speed and efficiency are linked, we observe a concomitant 50% reduction in the isomerization yield. Our results demonstrate that minimal synthetic engineering of potential energy surfaces based on theoretical predictions can induce drastic changes in electronic dynamics toward those observed in an evolution-optimized protein pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sovdat
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK
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37
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Presselt M, Schnedermann C, Müller M, Schmitt M, Popp J. Derivation of Correlation Functions to Predict Bond Properties of Phenyl−CH Bonds Based on Vibrational and 1H NMR Spectroscopic Quantities. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:10287-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany, and Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany, and Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany, and Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany, and Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany, and Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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38
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Presselt M, Schnedermann C, Schmitt M, Popp* J. Prediction of Electron Densities, the Respective Laplacians, and Ellipticities in Bond-Critical Points of Phenyl−CH−Bonds via Linear Relations to Parameters of Inherently Localized CD Stretching Vibrations and 1H NMR-Shifts. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3210-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809601a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp*
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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