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Murphy G, Dawson CA, Huston C, Ballantyne L, Barrett E, Cowman CS, Fitzsimons C, Maher J, Ryan KM, Greene CM. Lost in the mall again: a preregistered replication and extension of Loftus & Pickrell (1995). Memory 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37312574 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2198263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe seminal Lost in the Mall study [Loftus, E. F., & Pickrell, J. E. (1995). The formation of false memories. Psychiatric Annals, 25(12), 720-725. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19951201-07] has been enormously influential in psychology and is still cited in legal cases. The current study directly replicated this paper, addressing methodological weaknesses including increasing the sample size fivefold and preregistering detailed analysis plans. Participants (N = 123) completed a survey and two interviews where they discussed real and fabricated childhood events, based on information provided by an older relative. We replicated the findings of the original study, coding 35% of participants as reporting a false memory for getting lost in a mall in childhood (compared to 25% in the original study). In an extension, we found that participants self-reported high rates of memories and beliefs for the fabricated event. Mock jurors were also highly likely to believe the fabricated event had occurred and that the participant was truly remembering the event, supporting the conclusions of the original study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Charlotte Huston
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lisa Ballantyne
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Barrett
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor S Cowman
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Julie Maher
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie M Ryan
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Greene
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Murphy G, Dawson CA, Huston C, Ballantyne L, Barrett E, Cowman CS, Fitzsimons C, Maher J, Ryan KM, Greene CM. Lost in the mall again: a preregistered replication and extension of Loftus & Pickrell (1995). Memory 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37017540 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2198327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The seminal Lost in the Mall study has been enormously influential in psychology and is still cited in legal cases. The current study directly replicated this paper, addressing methodological weaknesses including increasing the sample size fivefold and preregistering detailed analysis plans. Participants (N = 123) completed a survey and two interviews where they discussed real and fabricated childhood events, based on information provided by an older relative. We replicated the findings of the original study, coding 35% of participants as reporting a false memory for getting lost in a mall in childhood (compared to 25% in the original study). In an extension, we found that participants self-reported high rates of memories and beliefs for the fabricated event. Mock jurors were also highly likely to believe the fabricated event had occurred and that the participant was truly remembering the event, supporting the conclusions of the original study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Charlotte Huston
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lisa Ballantyne
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Barrett
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor S Cowman
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Julie Maher
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katie M Ryan
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M Greene
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Kerrigan D, O'Connor G, Fitzsimons C, Goss A, Breslin T, Nawoor-Quinn Z. An Anaesthesiology and Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary Simulation-Based Bootcamp. Ir Med J 2022; 115:584. [PMID: 35695798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aim The fundamental concept of multidisciplinary education is a shared mental model that leads to better interdependent collaboration. The aim of this bootcamp was to create a sustainable induction curriculum for Anaesthesiology and Emergency Medicine trainees and nurses through training in a simulated multidisciplinary environment. Methods The two-day bootcamp consisted of lectures, equipment demonstration, workshops, and high-fidelity simulated scenarios. A pre- and post-course MCQ test was used for assessment of knowledge acquisition. Pre and post confidence scores were used to evaluate procedural skill confidence level. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate qualitative feedback from participants. Results Seven anaesthesiology trainees, two anaesthetic nurses, six emergency medicine trainees and three emergency medicine nurses were enrolled. There was a statistically significant increase (p-value<0.01) in post-MCQ scores, portraying significant knowledge acquisition. The total procedural confidence scores increased from 375 (±9.15) to 550 (±8.43), (p < 0.01). All participants agreed that the stated educational objectives were met and relevant to their clinical practice, and strongly commended team training exercises. Conclusion Multidisciplinary simulation-based training improves team performance as well as transfer of knowledge across two or more disciplines. Overlapped training between Anaesthesiology and Emergency Medicine created an opportunity for sharing of educational resources in the current time-based speciality training system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kerrigan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
| | - G O'Connor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
| | - C Fitzsimons
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
| | - A Goss
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
| | - T Breslin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
| | - Z Nawoor-Quinn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital
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McKenna C, Porter RK, Fitzsimons C, Waters SM, McGee M, Kenny DA. Mitochondrial abundance and function in skeletal muscle and liver from Simmental beef cattle divergent for residual feed intake. Animal 2020; 14:1710-1717. [PMID: 32172706 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular mitochondrial function has been suggested to contribute to variation in feed efficiency (FE) among animals. The objective of this study was to determine mitochondrial abundance and activities of various mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (complex I (CI) to complex IV (CIV)) in liver and muscle tissue from beef cattle phenotypically divergent for residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of FE. Individual DM intake (DMI) and growth were measured in purebred Simmental heifers (n = 24) and bulls (n = 28) with an initial mean BW (SD) of 372 kg (39.6) and 387 kg (50.6), respectively. All animals were offered concentrates ad libitum and 3 kg of grass silage daily, and feed intake was recorded for 70 days. Residuals of the regression of DMI on average daily gain (ADG), mid-test BW0.75 and backfat (BF), using all animals, were used to compute individual RFI coefficients. Animals were ranked within sex, by RFI into high (inefficient; top third of the population), medium (middle third of population) and low (efficient; bottom third of the population) terciles. Statistical analysis was carried out using the MIXED procedure of SAS v 9.3. Overall mean ADG (SD) and daily DMI (SD) for heifers were 1.2 (0.4) and 9.1 (0.5) kg, respectively, and for bulls were 1.8 (0.3) and 9.5 (1.02) kg, respectively. Heifers and bulls ranked as high RFI consumed 10% and 15% more (P < 0.05), respectively, than their low RFI counterparts. There was no effect of RFI on mitochondrial abundance in either liver or muscle (P > 0.05). An RFI × sex interaction was apparent for CI activity in muscle. High RFI animals had an increased activity (P < 0.05) of CIV in liver tissue compared to their low RFI counterparts; however, the relevance of that observation is not clear. Our data provide no clear evidence that cellular mitochondrial function within either skeletal muscle or hepatic tissue has an appreciable contributory role to overall variation in FE among beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McKenna
- Animal and Bioscience Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, County MeathC15 PW93, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2D02 R590, Ireland
| | - R K Porter
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2D02 R590, Ireland
| | - C Fitzsimons
- Animal and Bioscience Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, County MeathC15 PW93, Ireland
| | - S M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, County MeathC15 PW93, Ireland
| | - M McGee
- Animal and Bioscience Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, County MeathC15 PW93, Ireland
| | - D A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, County MeathC15 PW93, Ireland
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Rawlings GH, Williams RK, Clarke DJ, English C, Fitzsimons C, Holloway I, Lawton R, Mead G, Patel A, Forster A. Exploring adults' experiences of sedentary behaviour and participation in non-workplace interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour: a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1099. [PMID: 31409324 PMCID: PMC6692932 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour is any waking behaviour characterised by an energy expenditure of ≤1.5 metabolic equivalent of task while in a sitting or reclining posture. Prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour have been associated with negative health outcomes in all age groups. We examined qualitative research investigating perceptions and experiences of sedentary behaviour and of participation in non-workplace interventions designed to reduce sedentary behaviour in adult populations. METHOD A systematic search of seven databases (MEDLINE, AMED, Cochrane, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Web of Science) was conducted in September 2017. Studies were assessed for methodological quality and a thematic synthesis was conducted. Prospero database ID: CRD42017083436. RESULTS Thirty individual studies capturing the experiences of 918 individuals were included. Eleven studies examined experiences and/or perceptions of sedentary behaviour in older adults (typically ≥60 years); ten studies focused on sedentary behaviour in people experiencing a clinical condition, four explored influences on sedentary behaviour in adults living in socio-economically disadvantaged communities, two examined university students' experiences of sedentary behaviour, two on those of working-age adults, and one focused on cultural influences on sedentary behaviour. Three analytical themes were identified: 1) the impact of different life stages on sedentary behaviour 2) lifestyle factors influencing sedentary behaviour and 3) barriers and facilitators to changing sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary behaviour is multifaceted and influenced by a complex interaction between individual, environmental and socio-cultural factors. Micro and macro pressures are experienced at different life stages and in the context of illness; these shape individuals' beliefs and behaviour related to sedentariness. Knowledge of sedentary behaviour and the associated health consequences appears limited in adult populations, therefore there is a need for provision of accessible information about ways in which sedentary behaviour reduction can be integrated in people's daily lives. Interventions targeting a reduction in sedentary behaviour need to consider the multiple influences on sedentariness when designing and implementing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Rawlings
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - R K Williams
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - D J Clarke
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK.
| | - C English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - C Fitzsimons
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Holloway
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R Lawton
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G Mead
- Geriatric Medicine, Division of Health Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Patel
- Anita Patel Health Economics Consulting Ltd, London, UK
| | - A Forster
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, Temple Bank House, University of Leeds, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
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Higgins M, Kenny D, Fitzsimons C, Blackshields G, Coyle S, McKenna C, McGee M, Morris D, Waters S. PSIV-18 Identification of genes expressed in the liver transcriptome of Holstein-Friesian and Charolais steers divergent in residual feed intake across three dietary phases. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C Fitzsimons
- Department of Agriculture,Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - M McGee
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland, Meath, Ireland
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Higgins M, Fitzsimons C, McClure M, McKenna C, Conroy S, Kenny D, McGee M, Waters S, Morris D. 289 Genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci analysis identifies a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with both residual feed intake and GFRA2. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - C Fitzsimons
- Department of Agriculture,Ireland, Celbridge, Ireland
| | - M McClure
- Genus PLC,Basingstoke, United Kingdom
| | | | - S Conroy
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation,Cork, Ireland
| | | | - M McGee
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre,Dunsany, Ireland
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Coyle S, Fitzsimons C, Kenny DA, Kelly AK, McGee M. 1481 Repeatability of feed efficiency in beef cattle offered grass silage and zero-grazed grass. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Coyle S, Fitzsimons C, Kenny DA, Kelly AK, McGee M. 1482 Repeatability of feed efficiency in steers offered a high-concentrate diet. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Martin A, Fitzsimons C, Jepson R, Saunders DH, Mutrie N. Interventions to reduce sedentary time in adults – a systematic review. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku166.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Fitzsimons C, Kenny DA, Waters SM, Earley B, McGee M. Effects of phenotypic residual feed intake on response to a glucose tolerance test and gene expression in the insulin signaling pathway in longissimus dorsi in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4616-31. [PMID: 25085393 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the insulinogenic response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) and examine gene expression profiles in the insulin signaling pathway (ISP) in beef animals of differing phenotypic residual feed intake (RFI). Two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, a total of 39 Simmental heifers, over 2 yr (yr 1, n = 22, and yr 2, n = 17; mean initial BW = 472 kg [SD = 52.4 kg]), were offered grass silage ad libitum for 104 d. Heifers were subjected to a GTT on d 8 and 65 of the RFI measurement period in yr 1 and 2, respectively. Concentrations of plasma glucose and insulin were measured at -45, -30, -15, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min relative to glucose infusion (0 min). In Exp. 2, a total of 67 Simmental bulls, over 3 yr (yr 1, n = 20; yr 2, n = 33; and yr 3, n = 14; mean initial BW = 431 kg [SD = 63.7 kg]), were offered concentrates ad libitum for 105 d. Biopsies of LM were harvested during the RFI measurement period (yr 1, d 49 and 91; yr 2, d 52 and 92; and yr 3, d 50 and 92). The residuals of the regression of DMI on ADG, midtest metabolic BW (BW(0.75)), and the fixed effect of year, using all animals, were used to compute individual RFI coefficients. Animals were ranked on RFI and assigned to high (inefficient), medium, or low groupings by dividing them into terciles, resulting in 13 heifers and 22, 23, and 22 bulls in their respective RFI groups. In Exp. 1, data from 13 heifers from each of the high- and low-RFI groups, and in Exp. 2, data from the 15 highest and 15 lowest ranking bulls on RFI are reported. In Exp. 1, glucose and insulin response and area under the response curve for glucose and insulin were similar (P > 0.05) between high- and low-RFI heifers. In Exp. 2, no differences (P > 0.05) were found for mRNA expression of 22 genes of the ISP in muscle tissue; however, expression of the transcription factor SREBP1c tended to be positively correlated (r = 0.25, P = 0.07) with RFI. Expression of GLUT4, INPPL1, and SHC increased (P < 0.05) over time, while there was no effect of sample time for any other genes measured. Collectively, these results suggest that insulin response, sensitivity, and associated expression of genes in the ISP within muscle tissue are not contributory factors to variation in RFI. However, further examination of target genes of SREBP1c, which is involved in lipogenesis, may explain some of the biochemical processes underlying variation in phenotypic RFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimons
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department; and Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - S M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department; and Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - B Earley
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department; and Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - M McGee
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Fitzsimons C, Kenny DA, Fahey AG, McGee M. Feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, and performance of pregnant beef cows differing in phenotypic residual feed intake offered grass silage. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2170-81. [PMID: 24663212 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship of residual feed intake (RFI) and performance with feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation variables in pregnant beef cows offered a grass silage diet. Individual grass silage DMI (dry matter digestibility = 666 g/kg) was recorded on 47 gestating (mean gestation d 166, SD = 26 d) Simmental and Simmental × Holstein-Friesian beef cows for a period of 80 d. Cow BW, BCS, skeletal measurements, ultrasonically scanned muscle and fat depth, visual muscular score, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and feeding behavior were measured. Phenotypic RFI was calculated as actual DMI minus expected DMI. Expected DMI was computed for each animal by regressing DMI on conceptus-adjusted mean BW(0.75) and ADG over an 80-d period. Within breed, cows were ranked by RFI into low (efficient), medium, or high groups. Overall mean (SD) values for DMI (kg/d), RFI, initial conceptus-adjusted BW, and conceptus-adjusted ADG were 8.41 (1.09) kg/d, 0.01 (0.13) kg/d, 646 (70) kg, and -0.07 (0.32) kg, respectively. High-RFI cows ate 25% and 8% more than low- and medium-RFI cows, respectively. Live weight and ADG were not correlated (P > 0.05), and DMI was positively correlated (r = 0.80; P < 0.001) with RFI. The low- and high-RFI groups had similar (P > 0.05) BW, ADG, BCS, visual muscular scores, skeletal measurements, blood metabolites, calf birth weight, and calving difficulty scores. All ultrasonic fat and muscle depth measurements were similar (P > 0.05) for low- and high-RFI cows except for back fat thickness change, where low-RFI cows gained less fat (P < 0.05) than high-RFI cows. Low-RFI cows had greater pH and lower ammonia concentrations in ruminal fluid compared to their high-RFI contemporaries. Low-RFI cows had fewer (P < 0.001) daily feeding events, but these were of longer (P < 0.001) duration (min·feed event(-1)·d(-1)). Despite this, total daily duration of feeding was shorter (P < 0.001; min/d) for low- compared to high-RFI cows. High-RFI cows had more and a longer total duration of nonfeeding events (P < 0.001) than low-RFI cows. This study showed that compared to cows with high RFI, those with low RFI consumed less feed for similar levels of productivity, spent less time engaged in feeding-behavior-related activities, and differed in ruminal fermentation parameters. Feeding events are a significant (17%) contributory factor to variation in RFI in pregnant beef cows offered grass silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimons
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Fitzsimons C, Kenny DA, Deighton MH, Fahey AG, McGee M. Methane emissions, body composition, and rumen fermentation traits of beef heifers differing in residual feed intake. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5789-800. [PMID: 24146149 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship of residual feed intake (RFI) and performance with methane emissions, rumen fermentation, and digestion in beef heifers. Individual DMI and growth performance were measured for 22 Simmental heifers (mean initial BW 449 kg, SD = 46.2 kg) offered grass silage ad libitum for 120 d. Ultrasonically scanned muscle and fat depth, BCS, muscularity score, skeletal measurements, blood variables, rumen fermentation (via stomach tube), and total tract digestibility (indigestible marker) were measured. Methane production was estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique over two 5-d periods beginning on d 20 and 75 of the RFI measurement period. Phenotypic RFI was calculated as actual DMI minus expected DMI. The residuals of the regression of DMI on ADG and midtest metabolic body weight, using all heifers, were used to compute individual RFI coefficients. Heifers were ranked by RFI and assigned to low (efficient), medium, or high (inefficient) groupings. Overall ADG and DMI were 0.58 kg (SD = 0.18) and 7.40 kg (SD = 0.72), respectively. High-RFI heifers consumed 9 and 15% more (P < 0.05) than medium- and low-RFI groups, respectively. Body weight, growth, skeletal, and composition traits did not differ (P > 0.05) between low- and high-RFI groups. High-RFI heifers had higher concentrations of plasma glucose (6%) and urea (13%) and lower concentrations of plasma creatinine (9%) than low-RFI heifers (P < 0.05). Rumen pH and apparent in vivo digestibility did not differ (P > 0.05) between RFI groups, although acetate:propionate ratio was lowest (P = 0.07) for low-RFI (3.5) and highest for high-RFI (4.6) heifers. Methane production expressed as grams per day or grams per kilogram metabolic body weight was greater (P < 0.05) for high (297 g/d and 2.9 g/kg BW0.75) compared with low (260 g/d and 2.5 g/kg BW0.75) RFI heifers, with medium (275 g/d and 2.7 g/kg BW0.75) RFI heifers being intermediate. Regression analysis indicated that a 1 kg DM/d increase in RFI was associated with a 23 g/d increase (P = 0.09) in methane emissions. Results suggest that improved RFI will reduce methane emissions without affecting productivity of growing beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimons
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Fitzsimons C, Kirk A, Murphy M, Mutrie N. Agreement between the IPAQ-long weekday sitting item and the activPAL™ activity monitor in Scottish adults. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Kirk A, Fitzsimons C, Murphy M, Mutrie N. Effect of a person centred consultation intervention to reduce the sedentary behaviour of working Scottish adults. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yakasai IA, Thomson AJ, Fitzsimons C. Specific dermatoses of pregnancy: a review. West Afr J Med 2011; 30:239-244. [PMID: 22669826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some dermatoses worsen during pregnancy, some improve, yet others have unpredictable course. OBJECTIVE To conduct evidence-based search, and review of current management of specific dermatoses of pregnancy. METHODS Comprehensive literature search was conducted, with Medline and Cochrane Database regarding skin diseases in pregnancy from 1990- 2005. International pharmaceutical abstracts science search (1997- 2003) was used for search references found in the articles. All articles selected for inclusion in this review were evaluated critically with regards to their impact factor, source, and evidence based contribution on this topic as measured by their citation index and the journals they were published in. This review was limited to specific dermatoses of pregnancy generally and some of the skin disorders modified by pregnancy. RESULTS Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy should be managed as high risk pregnancies as several investigations have shown foetal complications. Recent randomised trials have demonstrated beneficial effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Pruritice ruption of pregnancy is associated with multiple pregnancies. It has variable clinical features and has to be differentiated from pemphigoid gestationis, which is associated with an increased incidence of both prematurity and small for date's babies. Prurigo of pregnancy is extremely itchy with papules appearing on the extensor surfaces of the limbs and trunk. It has no maternal risk. The eruptions in pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy clear spontaneously in the postpartum period, with no associated morbidity either in the mother or baby. CONCLUSION Some skin diseases like obstetric cholestasis may have adverse foetal outcome, while other disorders like pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy have no significant effect on either the mother or baby.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Yakasai
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology, Royal Alexandra Hospital Paisley,United Kingdom PA2 9PN
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Robinson-Papp J, Morgello S, Vaida F, Fitzsimons C, Simpson DM, Elliott KJ, Al-Lozi M, Gelman BB, Clifford D, Marra CM, McCutchan JA, Atkinson JH, Dworkin RH, Grant I, Ellis R. Association of self-reported painful symptoms with clinical and neurophysiologic signs in HIV-associated sensory neuropathy. Pain 2010; 151:732-736. [PMID: 20851521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is a common cause of pain in HIV-infected people. Establishing a diagnosis of HIV-SN is important, especially when contemplating opioid use in high-risk populations. However physical findings of HIV-SN may be subtle, and sensitive diagnostic tools require specialized expertise. We investigated the association between self-report of distal neuropathic pain and/or paresthesias (DNPP) and objective signs of HIV-SN. Data were obtained from the Central Nervous System HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) study. Out of 237 participants, 101 (43%) reported DNPP. Signs of HIV-SN were measured by a modified Total Neuropathy Score (TNS), composed of six objective sensory subscores (pin sensibility, vibration sensibility, deep tendon reflexes, quantitative sensory testing for cooling and vibration, and sural sensory amplitude). Self-report of DNPP was associated with all six TNS items in univariate analysis and with four TNS items in multivariate analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of self-report of DNPP in detecting the presence of a sensory abnormality were 52% and 92%, respectively with a PPV of 96% and a NPV of 34%. Increasing intensity of pain measured on a visual analog scale was associated with increasing severity of sensory abnormality. In summary, our results suggest that HIV-infected patients reporting symptoms consistent with HIV-SN, such as tingling, pins and needles, or aching or stabbing pain in the distal lower extremities, usually have objective evidence of HIV-SN on neurologic examination or with neurophysiologic testing. This finding holds true regardless of demographic factors, depression or substance use history.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robinson-Papp
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai, School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA Department of Neurology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
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Lázár-Molnár E, Hegyesi H, Pállinger E, Kovács P, Tóth S, Fitzsimons C, Cricco G, Martin G, Bergoc R, Darvas Z, Rivera ES, Falus A. Inhibition of human primary melanoma cell proliferation by histamine is enhanced by interleukin-6. Eur J Clin Invest 2002; 32:743-9. [PMID: 12406022 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.01020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a bifunctional growth factor in malignant melanoma; its expression increases during the malignant progression of the disease. Histamine, detected in large amounts in normal and pathological proliferating tissues, is an important paracrine and autocrine regulator of normal and tumour cell proliferation as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the presence and function of IL-6 and histamine in the WM35 primary human melanoma cell line with respect to their direct role in cell proliferation and their regulatory interactions. RESULTS IL-6 inhibited the proliferation of WM35 melanoma cells and increased significantly the expression of histidine decarboxylase as well as histamine production. It had dose-dependent effects on the proliferation: high concentration (10-5 M) was inhibitory through H1 histamine receptors while low histamine concentration acting on H2 receptors, with a simultaneous increase of cAMP, enhanced colony formation in the monolayer. Furthermore, IL-6 increased the H1- but decreased the H2-histamine receptor expression of the melanoma cells. On the other hand, histamine was locally synthesized by the WM35 melanoma cells. CONCLUSION We suggest that the growth arrest induced by IL-6 is in part mediated by its dual action on histamine: a shift toward H1 receptor predominance and an elevation of locally produced histamine with prevalent action on the inhibitory response triggered through the H1 receptor. These findings suggest a local cross-talk between histamine and IL-6 in the regulation of melanoma growth.
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Fitzsimons C, Engel N, Durán H, Policastro L, Cricco G, Martín G, Molinari B, Rivera E. Histamine production in mouse epidermal keratinocytes is regulated during cellular differentiation. Inflamm Res 2001; 50 Suppl 2:S100-1. [PMID: 11411573 DOI: 10.1007/pl00022378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimons
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Molnar EL, Cricco G, Martin G, Darvas Z, Hegyesi H, Fitzsimons C, Bergoc R, Falus A, Rivera E. Histamine as a potential autocrine regulator of melanoma. Inflamm Res 2001; 50 Suppl 2:S102-3. [PMID: 11411574 DOI: 10.1007/pl00020786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E L Molnar
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunbiology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Fitzsimons C, Durán H, Engel N, Molinari B, Rivera E. Changes in H2 receptor expression and coupling during Ca2+-induced differentiation in mouse epidermal keratinocytes. Inflamm Res 1999; 48 Suppl 1:S73-4. [PMID: 10350170 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimons
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Cocca C, Martin G, Rivera E, Davio C, Cricco G, Lemos B, Fitzsimons C, Gutierrez A, Levin E, Levin R, Croci M, Bergoc RM. An experimental model of diabetes and cancer in rats. Eur J Cancer 1998; 34:889-94. [PMID: 9797703 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(97)10077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an experimental model for the study of cancer associated with diabetes. For diabetes induction, Sprague-Dawley rats were given streptozotocin (STZ, 90 mg/kg body weight (BW), by intraperitoneal injection on the second day of life. For mammary tumour induction, rats were injected with 50 mg/kg BW of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) at 50, 80 and 110 days old. The neoplastic process and the effect of tamoxifen treatment was examined in non-diabetic and diabetic rats. The latency period, NMU-induced tumour incidence and the number of tumours per rat in diabetic rats versus controls were 117 +/- 7 days versus 79 +/- 9 days (P < 0.001); 93% versus 95% (NS); and 5.2 +/- 1.6 versus 2.7 +/- 0.5 (P < 0.02). A more benign histological pattern for tumours in diabetic animals was observed. Mammary tumours in diabetic rats grew more slowly than in controls. Tamoxifen (1 mg/kg/day) treated diabetic rats showed tumour regression in 67% of NMU-induced mammary tumours versus 53% in controls (NS). Our results show that tumour progression seems to be affected by diabetes in this experimental model. We suggest this is the result of changes to insulin-like growth factors and their receptors, which occur in diabetics, and our future research will examine this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cocca
- Laboratorio de Radiosótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fitzsimons C, Durán H, Labombarda F, Molinari B, Rivera E. Histamine receptors signalling in epidermal tumor cell lines with H-ras gene alterations. Inflamm Res 1998; 47 Suppl 1:S50-1. [PMID: 9561412 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimons
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fitzsimons C, Molinari B, Duran H, Palmieri M, Davio C, Cricco G, Bergoc R, Rivera E. Atypical association of H1 and H2 histamine receptors with signal transduction pathways during multistage mouse skin carcinogenesis. Inflamm Res 1997; 46:292-8. [PMID: 9297573 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present work we studied the association of histamine receptors with second messengers during multistage carcinogenesis in Sencar mice skin. METHODS 96 Sencar female mouse, divided into six groups were used. Tumors appeared only in the 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-promoted group. Control groups received only TPA, or acetone or no treatment at all. Periodically during the promotion period, cAMP and inositol phosphate production were measured after stimulation with H1 or H2 agonists in samples from all groups. RESULTS In non-treated skin, H1 receptors were coupled to phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and H2 receptors mediated cAMP production. Conversely, in tumors H2 receptors were associated with phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and H1 mediated a rise in cAMP levels. The skin among tumors and the skin from all control groups maintained the same coupling as non-treated skin. An increase in mast cell number, with a homogeneous subepithelial distribution and marked phenotypic changes, was also observed in promoted skin. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate an atypical association of histamine receptors with second messengers that could be a critical feature for the postulated action of histamine in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fitzsimons
- Laboratorio de Radiosótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Engel N, Cricco G, Davio C, Martin G, Croci M, Fitzsimons C, Bergoc R, Rivera E. Histamine regulates the expression of histidine decarboxylase in N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced mammary tumors in rats. Inflamm Res 1996; 45 Suppl 1:S64-5. [PMID: 8696935 DOI: 10.1007/bf03354091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Engel
- Radioisotopes Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires University, Argentina
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Davio C, Baldi A, Mladovan A, Cricco G, Fitzsimons C, Bergoc R, Rivera E. Expression of histamine receptors in different cell lines derived from mammary gland and human breast carcinomas. Inflamm Res 1995; 44 Suppl 1:S70-1. [PMID: 8521009 DOI: 10.1007/bf01674401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Davio
- Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Veale DJ, Torley HI, Richards IM, O'Dowd A, Fitzsimons C, Belch JJ, Sturrock RD. A double-blind placebo controlled trial of Efamol Marine on skin and joint symptoms of psoriatic arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1994; 33:954-8. [PMID: 7921757 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/33.10.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fish oil may be beneficial in the treatment of psoriasis and in RA. We examined the potential benefit of Efamol Marine, a combination of evening primrose oil and fish oil in the treatment of 38 patients with PsA. Patients with PsA were entered in a double-blind placebo controlled study and received either 12 Efamol Marine capsules or 12 placebo capsules daily for 9 months. All patients received placebo capsules for a further 3 months. At month 3 of the study patients were asked to reduce their intake of NSAIDs and maintain that decrease provided there was no worsening of their joint symptoms. Clinical assessments of skin and joint disease severity and activity were performed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. All measures of skin disease activity including severity, percentage body affected and itch were unchanged by Efamol Marine. The NSAID requirement remained the same between both treatment groups. In addition, there was no change demonstrated in the activity of arthritis as measured by duration of morning stiffness. Ritchie articular index, number of active joints, ESR and CRP. However, a rise in serum TXB2 was observed in the active group during the placebo phase; in addition a fall in leukotriene B4 production occurred during the active phase period followed by a marked rise during the placebo phase suggesting some laboratory documented anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, this study suggests that Efamol Marine may alter prostaglandin metabolism in patients with PsA, although it did not produce a clinical improvement and did not allow reduction in NSAID requirement. A larger dose of essential fatty acid may be needed to produce a clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Veale
- University Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee
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Abstract
1 Labetalol pharmacokinetics and concentration-effect relationships following intravenous administration have been studied in 10 women during the last trimester of pregnancies complicated by hypertension, in seven of these women postpartum (when normotensive) and in 10 normotensive female volunteers. 2 The clearance and volume of distribution of labetalol were the same in all three groups. Clearance values (1 min-1) were: pregnant, 2.16 (range 1.54-3.14); postpartum 2.35 (1.56-3.85); controls 1.96 (0.98-2.61). Volumes of distribution (1) were: pregnant 274 (250-547); postpartum 407 (248-701); controls 234 (186-415). 3 A linear model relating labetalol concentration to effect successfully described the antihypertensive action of labetalol in the pregnant patients. Supine systolic blood pressure fell by 0.38 (0.14-0.91) mm Hg per ng ml-1 of labetalol and diastolic by 0.36 (0.21-1.14) mm Hg per ng ml-1 of labetalol. In the other two groups labetalol did not lower pressure sufficiently to allow modelling to be performed. 4 We conclude that pregnancy does not alter the clearance or volume of distribution of labetalol. Modelling techniques can be applied successfully to drug induced blood pressure changes during pregnancy.
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