1
|
Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:924-935. [PMID: 38499871 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Wildlife must adapt to human presence to survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical to understand species responses to humans in different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens to view mammal responses to changes in human activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 species sampled in 102 projects around the world, changes in the amount and timing of animal activity varied widely. Under higher human activity, mammals were less active in undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more active in developed areas while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores were most sensitive, showing the strongest decreases in activity and greatest increases in nocturnality. Wildlife managers must consider how habituation and uneven sensitivity across species may cause fundamental differences in human-wildlife interactions along gradients of human influence.
Collapse
|
2
|
SNAPSHOT USA 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ecology 2022; 103:e3775. [PMID: 35661139 PMCID: PMC9347782 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.
Collapse
|
3
|
Prevalence and features of delirium in older patients admitted to rehabilitation facilities: a multicenter study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1827-1835. [PMID: 35396698 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is thought to be common across various settings of care; however, still little research has been conducted in rehabilitation. AIM We investigated the prevalence of delirium, its features and motor subtypes in older patients admitted to rehabilitation facilities during the three editions of the "Delirium Day project". METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 1237 older patients (age ≥ 65 years old) admitted to 50 Italian rehabilitation wards during the three editions of the "Delirium Day project" (2015 to 2017) were included. Delirium was evaluated through the 4AT and its motor subtype with the Delirium Motor Subtype Scale. RESULTS Delirium was detected in 226 patients (18%), and the most recurrent motor subtype was mixed (37%), followed by hypoactive (26%), hyperactive (21%) and non-motor one (16%). In a multivariate Poisson regression model with robust variance, factors associated with delirium were: disability in basic (PR 1.48, 95%CI: 1.17-1.9, p value 0.001) and instrumental activities of daily living (PR 1.58, 95%CI: 1.08-2.32, p value 0.018), dementia (PR 2.10, 95%CI: 1.62-2.73, p value < 0.0001), typical antipsychotics (PR 1.47, 95%CI: 1.10-1.95, p value 0.008), antidepressants other than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (PR 1.3, 95%CI: 1.02-1.66, p value 0.035), and physical restraints (PR 2.37, 95%CI: 1.68-3.36, p value < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This multicenter study reports that 2 out 10 patients admitted to rehabilitations had delirium on the index day. Mixed delirium was the most prevalent subtype. Delirium was associated with unmodifiable (dementia, disability) and modifiable (physical restraints, medications) factors. Identification of these factors should prompt specific interventions aimed to prevent or mitigate delirium.
Collapse
|
4
|
Non‐native species limit stream restoration benefits for brook trout. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
The association between low skeletal muscle mass and delirium: results from the nationwide multi-centre Italian Delirium Day 2017. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:349-357. [PMID: 34417734 PMCID: PMC8847195 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Delirium and sarcopenia are common, although underdiagnosed, geriatric
syndromes. Several pathological mechanisms can link delirium and low skeletal muscle mass, but few studies have investigated their association. We aimed to investigate (1) the association between delirium and low skeletal muscle mass and (2) the possible role of calf circumference mass in finding cases with delirium. Methods The analyses were conducted employing the cross-sectional “Delirium Day” initiative, on patient 65 years and older admitted to acute hospital medical wards, emergency departments, rehabilitation wards, nursing homes and hospices in Italy in 2017. Delirium was diagnosed as a 4 + score at the 4-AT scale. Low skeletal muscle mass was operationally defined as calf circumference ≤ 34 cm in males and ≤ 33 cm in females. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between low skeletal muscle mass and delirium. The discriminative ability of calf circumference was evaluated using non-parametric ROC analyses. Results A sample of 1675 patients was analyzed. In total, 73.6% of participants had low skeletal muscle mass and 24.1% exhibited delirium. Low skeletal muscle mass and delirium showed an independent association (OR: 1.50; 95% CI 1.09–2.08). In the subsample of patients without a diagnosis of dementia, the inclusion of calf circumference in a model based on age and sex significantly improved its discriminative accuracy [area under the curve (AUC) 0.69 vs 0.57, p < 0.001]. Discussion and conclusion Low muscle mass is independently associated with delirium. In patients without a previous diagnosis of dementia, calf circumference may help to better identify those who develop delirium. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40520-021-01950-8.
Collapse
|
6
|
SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States. Ecology 2021; 102:e03353. [PMID: 33793977 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August-24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1,509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the United States. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as will future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.
Collapse
|
7
|
HGG-06. EARLY GABAERGIC NEURONAL LINEAGE DEFINES DEPENDENCIES IN HISTONE H3 G34R/V GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8168148 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab090.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade gliomas harboring H3 G34R/V mutations exclusively occur in the cerebral hemispheres of adolescents and young adults, suggesting a distinct neurodevelopmental origin. Combining multimodal bulk and single-cell genomics with unbiased genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 approaches, we here describe a GABAergic interneuron progenitor lineage as the most likely context from which these H3 G34R/V mutations drive gliomagenesis, conferring unique and tumor-selective gene targets essential for glioma cell survival, as validated genetically and pharmacologically. Phenotypically, we demonstrate that while H3 G34R/V glioma cells harbor the neurotransmitter GABA, they are developmentally stalled, and do not induce the neuronal hyperexcitability described in other glioma subtypes. These findings offer a striking counter-example to the prevailing view of glioma origins in glial precursor cells, resulting in distinct cellular, microenvironmental, and therapeutic consequences.
Collapse
|
8
|
CAR T Cells Targeting B7-H3, a Pan-Cancer Antigen, Demonstrate Potent Preclinical Activity Against Pediatric Solid Tumors and Brain Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2560-2574. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
PCLN-07. A 3D HYDROGEL CULTURE SYSTEM FACILITATES STUDY OF PRIMARY PEDIATRIC LOW-GRADE GLIOMA CELLS IN VITRO. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
10
|
Durable regression of Medulloblastoma after regional and intravenous delivery of anti-HER2 chimeric antigen receptor T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:30. [PMID: 29712574 PMCID: PMC5925833 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Standard-of-care therapies for treating pediatric medulloblastoma have long-term side effects, even in children who are cured. One emerging modality of cancer therapy that could be equally effective without such side effects would be chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Knowing that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in many medulloblastomas and has been used as a CAR T target before, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of more sophisticated anti-HER2 CAR T cells, as well as the feasibility and efficacy of different routes of delivering these cells, for the treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma. Methods Daoy, D283 and D425 medulloblastoma cell lines were characterized by flow cytometry to evaluate HER2 expression. Anti-tumor efficacy of HER2-BBz-CAR T cells in vitro was performed using cytokine release and immune cytotoxicity assays compared to control CD19 CAR T cells. In vivo, Daoy and D283 tumor cells were orthotopically implanted in the posterior fossa of NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice and treated with regional or intravenous HER2-BBz-CAR T cells or control CD19 CAR T cells. Non-human primates (NHPs) bearing ventricular and lumbar reservoirs were treated with target autologous cells bearing extracellular HER2 followed by autologous HER2-CAR T cells intraventricularly. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood were collected serially to measure the persistence of delivered cells and cytokines. Results HER2-BBz-CAR T cells effectively clear medulloblastoma orthotopically implanted in the posterior fossa of NSG mice via both regional and intravenous delivery in xenograft models. Intravenous delivery requires a log higher dose compared to regional delivery. NHPs tolerated intraventricular delivery of autologous cells bearing extracellular HER2 followed by HER2-BBz-CAR T cells without experiencing any systemic toxicity. Conclusions HER2-BBz-CAR T cells show excellent pre-clinical efficacy in vitro and in mouse medulloblastoma models, and their intraventricular delivery is feasible and safe in NHPs. A clinical trial of HER2-BBz-CAR T cells directly delivered into cerebrospinal fluid should be designed for patients with relapsed medulloblastoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-018-0340-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
11
|
MB-42OPTIMIZATION OF CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL THERAPY FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now076.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Poster session 2THE IMAGING EXAMINATIONP536Appropriate use criteria of transthoracic echocardiography and its clinical impact: a continuous challengeP537Implementation of proprietary plug-ins in the DICOM-based computerized echo reporting system fuels the use of 3D echo and deformation imaging in the clinical routine of a multivendor laboratoryP538Exercise stress echocardiography appropriate use criteria: real-life cases classification ease and agreement among cardiologistsANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART AND GREAT VESSELSP539Functional capacity in older people with normal ejection fraction correlates with left ventricular functional reserve and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity but not with E/e and augmentation indexP540Survey of competency of practitioners for diagnosis of acute cardiopulmonary diseases manifest on chest x-rayASSESSMENT OF DIAMETERS, VOLUMES AND MASSP541Left atrium remodeling in dialysis patients with normal ejection fractionP542The prediction of postinfarction left ventricular remodeling and the role of of leptin and MCP-1 in regard to the presence of metabolic syndromeP543Ascending aorta and common carotid artery: diameters and stiffness in a group of 584 healthy subjectsAssessments of haemodynamicsP544Alternate echo parameters in patients without estimable RVSPAssessment of systolic functionP545Reduced contractile performance in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: determination using novel preload-adjusted maximal left ventricular ejection forceP546Left ventricular dimensions and prognosis in acute coronary syndromesP547Time course of myocardial alterations in a murine model of high fat diet: A strain rate imaging studyP548Subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with premature ventricular contractionsP549Global myocardial strain by CMR-based feature tracking (FT) and tagging to predict development of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after acute st-elevation myocardial infarctionP550Echocardiographic analysis of left and right ventricular function in patients after mitral valve reconstructionP551The role of regional longitudinal strain assessment in predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and left bundle branch blockP552Speckle tracking automatic border detection improves echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular systolic function in repaired tetralogy of fallot patients: comparison with MRI findingsP553Echocardiography: a reproducible and relevant tool in pah? intermediate results of the multicentric efort echogardiographic substudy (evaluation of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets in pah)Assessment of diastolic functionP554Relationship between left ventricular filling pressures and myocardial fibrosis in patients with uncomplicated arterial hypertensionP555Cardiac rehabilitation improves echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function in patients with ischemic heart diseaseP556Diastolic parameters in the calcified mitral annulusP557Biomarkers and echocardiography - combined weapon to diagnose and prognose heart failure with and without preserved ejection fractionP558Diastolic function changes of the maternal heart in twin and singleton pregnancyIschemic heart diseaseP559Syntax score as predictor for the correlation between epicardial adipose tissue and the severity of coronary lesions in patients with significant coronary diseaseP560Impact of strain analysis in ergonovine stress echocardiography for diagnosis vasospastic anginaP561Cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking: a novel method to predict infarct transmurality in acute myocardial infarctionP562Infarct size is correlated to global longitudinal strain but not left ventricular ejection fraction in the early stage of acute myocardial infarctionP563Magnetic resonance myocardial deformation assessment with tissue tracking and risk stratification in acute myocardial infarction patientsP564Increase in regional end-diastolic wall thickness by transthoracic echocardiography as a biomarker of successful reperfusion in anterior ST elevation acute myocardial infarctionP565Mitral regurgitation is associated with worse long-term prognosis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary interventionP566Statistical significance of 3D motion and deformation indexes for the analysis of LAD infarctionHeart valve DiseasesP567Paradoxical low gradient aortic stenosis: echocardiographic progression from moderate to severe diseaseP568The beneficial effects of TAVI in mitral insufficiencyP569Impact of thoracic aortic calcification on the left ventricular hypertrophy and its regression after aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosisP570Additional value of exercise-stress echocardiography in asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosisP571Valvulo-arterial impedance in severe aortic stenosis: a dual imaging modalities studyP572Left ventricular mechanics: novel tools to evaluate left ventricular performance in patients with aortic stenosisP573Comparison of long-term outcome after percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty versus mitral valve replacement in moderate to severe mitral stenosis with left ventricular dysfunctionP574Incidence of de novo left ventricular dysfunction in patient treated with aortic valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitationP575Transforming growth factor-beta dependant progression of the mitral valve prolapseP576Quantification of mitral regurgitation with multiple jets: in vitro validation of three-dimensional PISA techniqueP577Impaired pre-systolic contraction and saddle-shape deepening of mitral annulus contributes to atrial functional regurgitation: a three-dimensional echocardiographic studyP578Incidence and determinants of left ventricular (lv) reverse remodeling after MitraClip implantation in patients with moderate-to severe or severe mitral regurgitation and reduced lv ejection fractionP579Severe functional tricuspid regurgitation in rheumatic heart valve disease. New insights from 3D transthoracic echocardiographyP58015 years of evolution of the etiologic profile for prosthetic heart valve replacement through an echocardiography laboratoryP581The role of echocardiography in the differential diagnosis of prolonged fever of unknown originP582Predictive value for paravalvular regurgitation of 3-dimensional anatomic aortic annulus shape assessed by multidetector computed tomography post-transcatheter aortic valve replacementP583The significance and advantages of echo and CT imaging & measurement at transcatherter aortic valve implantation through the left common carotid accessP584Comparison of the self-expandable Medtronic CoreValve versus the balloon-expandable Edwards SAPIEN bioprostheses in high-risk patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve implantationP585The impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on mitral regurgitation severityP586Echocardiographic follow up of children with valvular lesions secondary to rheumatic heart disease: Data from a prospective registryP587Valvular heart disease and different circadian blood pressure profilesCardiomyopathiesP588Comparison of transthoracic echocardiography versus cardiac magnetic for implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in primary prevention strategy dilated cardiomyopathy patientsP589Incidence and prognostic significance of left ventricle reverse remodeling in a cohort of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathyP590Early evaluation of diastolic function in fabry diseaseP591Echocardiographic predictors of atrial fibrillation development in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyP592Altered Torsion mechanics in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: LVOT-obstruction is the topdog?P593Prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: what has changed in the guidelines?P594Coronary microcirculatory function as determinator of longitudinal systolic left ventricular function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyP595Detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction by tissue Doppler ehocardiography in patients with muscular dystrophiesP596Speckle tracking myocardial deformation analysis and three dimensional echocardiography for early detection of chemotherapy induced cardiac dysfunction in bone marrow transplantation patientsP597Left ventricular non compaction or hypertrabeculation: distinguishing between physiology and pathology in top-level athletesP598Role of multi modality imaging in familiar screening of Danon diseaseP599Early impairment of global longitudinal left ventricular systolic function independently predicts incident atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes mellitusP600Fetal cardiovascular programming in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity: insights from deformation imagingP601Longitudinal strain stress echo evaluation of aged marginal donor hearts: feasibility in the Adonhers project.P602Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular size and function following heart transplantation - Gender mattersSystemic diseases and other conditionsP603The impact of septal kinetics on adverse ventricular-ventricular interactions in pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary arterial hypertensionP604Improvement in right ventricular mechanics after inhalation of iloprost in pulmonary hypertensionP605Does the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome correct the right ventricular diastolic dysfunction?P606Predictors of altered cardiac function in breast cancer survivors who were treated with anthracycline-based therapyP607Prevalence and factors related to left ventricular systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective tissue-doppler echocardiography studyP608Diastolic and systolic left ventricle dysfunction presenting different prognostic implications in cardiac amyloidosisP609Diagnostic accuracy of Bedside Lung Ultrasonography in Emergency (BLUE) protocol for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolismP610Right ventricular systolic dysfunction and its incidence in breast cancer patients submitted to anthracycline therapyP611Right ventricular dysfunction is an independent predictor of survival among cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantCongenital heart diseaseP612Hypoplasia or absence of posterior leaflet: a rare congenital anomaly of the mitral valveP613ECHO screening for Barlow disease in proband's relativesDiseases of the aortaP614Aortic size distribution and prognosis in an unselected population of patients referred for standard transthoracic echocardiographyP615Abdominal aorta aneurysm ultrasonographic screening in a large cohort of asympromatic volounteers in an Italian urban settingP616Thoracic aortic aneurysm and left ventricular systolic functionStress echocardiographyP617Wall motion score index, systolic mitral annulus velocity and left ventricular mass predicted global longitudinal systolic strain in 238 patients examined by stress echocardiographyP618Prognostic parameters of exercise-induced severe mitral valve regurgitation and exercise-induced systolic pulmonary hypertensionP619Risk stratification after myocardial infarction: prognostic value of dobutamine stress echocardiographyP620relationship between LV and RV myocardial contractile reserve and metabolic parameters during incremental exercise and recovery in healthy children using 2-D strain analysisP621Increased peripheral extraction as a mechanism compensatory to reduced cardiac output in high risk heart failure patients with group 2 pulmonary hypertension and exercise oscillatory ventilationP622Can exercise induced changes in cardiac synchrony predict response to CRT?Transesophageal echocardiographyP623Fully-automated software for mitral valve assessment in chronic mitral regurgitation by three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographyP624Real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography provides more accurate orifice measurement in percutaneous transcatheter left atrial appendage closureP625Percutaneous closure of left atrial appendage: experience of 36 casesReal-time three-dimensional TEEP626Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography during pulmonary vein cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrilationP627Three dimensional ultrasound anatomy of intact mitral valve and in the case of type 2 disfunctionTissue Doppler and speckle trackingP629Left ventricle wall motion tracking from echocardiographic images by a non-rigid image registrationP630The first experience with the new prototype of a robotic system for remote echocardiographyP631Non-invasive PCWP influence on a loop diuretics regimen monitoring model in ADHF patients.P632Normal range of left ventricular strain, dimensions and ejection fraction using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in neonatesP633Circumferential ascending aortic strain: new parameter in the assessment of arterial stiffness in systemic hypertensionP634Aortic vascular properties in pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta: a two-dimensional echocardiography derived aortic strain studyP635Assessment of cardiac functions in children with sickle cell anemia: doppler tissue imaging studyP636Assessment of left ventricular function in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: relation to duration and control of diabetesP637A study of left ventricular torsion in l-loop ventricles using speckle-tracking echocardiographyP638Despite No-Reflow, global and regional longitudinal strains assessed by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography are predictive indexes of left ventricular remodeling in patients with STEMIP639The function of reservoir of the left atrium in patients with medicaly treated arterial hypertensionP640The usefulness of speckle tracking analysis for predicting the recovery of regional systolic function after myocardial infarctionP641Two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients with rheumatic severe mitral regurgitation and normal ejection fractionP642The prediction of left-main and tripple vessel coronary artery disease by tissue doppler based longitudinal strain and strain rate imagingP643Role of speckle tracking in predicting arrhythmic risk and occurrence of appropriate implantable defibrillator Intervention in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathyComputed Tomography & Nuclear CardiologyP644Cardiac adrenergic activity in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Correlation with echocardiographyP645Different vascular territories and myocardial ischemia, there is a gradient of association? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
13
|
Poster session 5The imaging examinationP1097Correlation between visual and quantitative assessment of left ventricle: intra- and inter-observer agreementP1099Incremental prognostic value of late gadolinium-enhanced by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with heart failureAnatomy and physiology of the heart and great vesselsP1100Left ventricular geometry and diastolic performance in erectile dysfunction patients; a topic of differential arterial stiffness influenceAssessment of diameters, volumes and massP1101Impact of the percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect on the right heart "remodeling"P1102Left Ventricular Mass Indexation in Infants, Children and Adolescents: a Simplified Approach for the Identification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Clinical PracticeP1103Impact of trabecules while quantifying cardiac magnetic resonance exams in patients with systemic right ventricleP1104Detection of subclinical atherosclerosis by carotid intima-media thickness: correlation with leukocytes telomere shorteningAssessments of haemodynamicsP1105Flow redirection towards the left ventricular outflow tract: vortex formation is not affected by variations in atrio-ventricular delayAssessment of systolic functionP1106Reproducibility and feasibility of cardiac MRI feature tracking in Fabry diseaseP1107Normal left ventricular strain values by two-dimensional strain echocardiography; result of normal (normal echocardiographic dimensions and functions in korean people) studyP1108Test-retest repeatability of global strain following st-elevation myocardial infarction - a comparison of tagging and feature trackingP1109Cardiotoxicity induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)P1110Finite strain ellipses for the analysis of left ventricular principal strain directions using 3d speckle tracking echocardiographyP1111Antihypertensive therapy reduces time to peak longitudinal strainP1112Right ventricular systolic function as a marker of prognosis after inferior myocardial infarction - 5-year follow-upP1113Is artery pulmonary dilatation related with right but also early left ventricle dysfunction in pulmonary artery hypertension?P1114Right ventricular mechanics changes according to pressure overload increasing, a 2D-speckle tracking echocardiographic evaluationAssessment of diastolic functionP1115Paired comparison of left atrial strain from P-wave to P-wave and R-wave to R-waveP1116Diagnostic role of Tissue Doppler Imaging echocardiographic criteria in obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patientsP1117Evaluation of diastolic function of right ventricle in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertensionP1118Severity and predictors of diastolic dysfunction in a non-hypertensive non-ischemic cohort of Egyptian patients with documented systemic autoimmune disease; pilot reportP1119correlation between ST segment shift and cardiac diastolic function in patients with acute myocardial infarctionIschemic heart diseaseP1120Computed tomography coronary angiography verSus sTRess cArdiac magneTic rEsonance for the manaGement of sYmptomatic revascularized patients: a cost effectiveness study (STRATEGY study)P1121Utility of transmural myocardial mechanic for early infarct size prediction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in STEMI patientsP1122Progressive Improvements of the echocardiographic deformation parameters in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction after five years follow-upP1123Long-term prognostic value of left ventricular dyssynchrony as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance feature-tracking imaging after a first st-segment elevation myocardial infarctionP1124Differences in mitral annulus remodeling in acute anterior ST elevation and acute inferior ST elevation myocardial infarctionP1125Reduction of microvascular injury using a novel theragnostic ultrasound strategy: a first in men feasibility and safety studyP1126Impact of focused echocardiography in clinical decision of patient presented with st elevation myocardial infarction underwent primary angioplastyHeart valve DiseasesP1127Aortic valve area calculation in aortic stenosis: a comparison among conventional and 3D-transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomographyP1128Myocardial fibrosis and microRNA-21 expression in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis and preserved ejection fraction: a 2D speckle tracking echocardiography, tissutal and plasmatic studyP1129Quantification of calcium amount in a new experimental model: a comparison between calibrated integrated backscatter of ultrasound and computed tomographyP1130Altered diffusion capacity in aortic stenosis: role of the right heartP1131Osteoprotegerin predicts all-cause mortality in calcific aortic stenosis patients with preserved left ventricle ejection fraction in long term observationP1132Mitral regurgitation as a risk factor for pulmonary hypertension in patients with aortic stenosisP1133The relationship between the level of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide and mitral stenosisP1134Aortic regurgitation, left ventricle mechanics and vascular load: a single centre 2d derived-speckle tracking studyP1135Feasibility and reproducibility issues limit the usefulness of quantitative colour Doppler parameters in the assessment of chronic aortic and mitral regurgitation severityP1136Predictors of postoperative outcome in degenerative mitral regurgitationP1137Left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with severe mitral regurgitation of rheumatic etiology; three dimensional echocardiography studyP1138Functional mitral regurgitation and left atrial dysfunction concur in determining pulmonary hypertension and functional status in subjects with left ventricular systolic dysfunctionP11393D echocardiography allows more effective quantitative assessment of the severity of functional tricuspid regurgitation than conventional 2D/Doppler echocardiographyP1140Prosthetic valve thrombosis: still a severe disease? 10-years experience in a university hospitalP1141Validity of echocardiography in the hospital course of patients with feverP1142Do baseline 3DTEE characteristics of mitral valve apparatus predict long term result in patients undergoing percutaneous valve repair for degenerative regurgitation?P1143Influence of baseline aortic regurgitation on mitral regurgitation change after transcatheter aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosisP1144Prevalence of echocardiography detected significant valvular regurge in subclinical rheumatic carditis in assiut childrenCardiomyopathiesP1145Can we early detect left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy using global longitudinal strain assessment?P1146Prevalence of isolated papillary muscle hypertrophy in young competitive athletesP1147Troponin release after exercise in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: associations with clinical and mr imaging characteristicsP1148Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: can we score the risk?P1149Impact of hypertrophy on multiple layer longitudinal deformation in hypertrophy cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis compared to controlsP1150Functional evaluation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy combining cardiopulmonary exercise testing combined with exercise-echocardiographyP1151Refinement of the old diagnostic criteria of left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) based on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)P1152Differences of clinical characteristics and outcomes between acute myocarditis with preserved and reduced left ventricular systolic functionP1153Value of longitudinal strain for distinguishing left ventricular non-compaction from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathyP1154Speed of recovery of left ventricular function is not related to the prognosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. A Portuguese multicentre studyP1155Predictors of in-hospital left ventricular systolic function recovery after admission with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Portuguese multicentre studyP1156Mid-ventricular takotsubo detected by initial echocardiogram associates with recurrence of takotsubo cardiomyopathy - a portuguese multicentre studySystemic diseases and other conditionsP1157Relations between left ventricle remodelling and expression of angiotensin 2 AT2R1 geneP1158Impact of renal denervation on long-term blood pressure variability and surrogate markers of target organ damage in individuals with drug-resistant arterial hypertensionP1159Greater improvement of coronary artery function, left ventricular deformation and twisting by IL12/23 compared to TNF-a inhibition in psoriasisP1160Advanced glycation end products play a role in adverse LV remodeling following MIP1161Incidence of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients with systemic sclerosis and normal left ventricular systolic and diastolic functionP1162Left atrial remodeling and dysfunction occur early in patients with systemic sclerosis and normal left ventricular functionP1163Intrinsic vortex formation : a unique performance indicatorP1164P-wave morphology is unaffected by training-induced biatrial dilatation: a prospective, longitudinal study in healthy athletesP1165Usefulness of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosis of young patients with ischemic strokeP1166Primary cardiac lymphoma: role of echocardiography in the clinical managementP1167Abnormal echocardiographic findings in cancer patients before chemotherapyMasses, tumors and sources of embolismP1168Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography of the left atrial appendage reduces rate of postpone electrical cardioversionP1169Detection of ventricular thrombus by cmr after reperfused st-segment elevation myocardial infarction correlated with echocardiographyP1170Clinical and transthoracic echocardiographic predictors of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillationStress echocardiographyP1171Pharmacological stress echocardiography complications: a 4-year single center experienceP1172Myocardial functional and perfusion reserve in type I diabetesP1173Feasibility of incorporating 3D Dobutamine stress echocardiography into routine clinical practiceP1174Right ventricular isovolumic acceleration at rest and during exercise in children after heart transplantP1175Right ventricular systolic and diastolic response to exercise in children after heart transplant -a bicycle exercise studyP1176Determinants of functional capacity in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fractionP1177Handgrip stress echocardiography with emotional component compared to conventional isometric exercise in coronary artery disease diagnosisP1178The relationship between resting transthoracic echocardiography and exercise capacity in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillationP1179Correlation between NT-proBNP and selected echocardiography parameters at rest and after exercise in patients with functional ischemic mitral regurgitation qualified for cardiosurgical treatmentReal-time three-dimensional TEEP1180Vena contracta area for severity grading in functional and degenerative mitral regurgitation: A study based on transesophageal 3D colour Doppler in 419 patientsP1181Proximal flow convergence by 3D echocardiography in the evaluation of mitral valve area in rheumatic mitral stenosisP1182Quantification of valve dimensions by transesophageal 3D echocardiography in patients with functional and degenerative mitral regurgitationTissue Doppler and speckle trackingP1183Automatic calculation of left ventricular volume changes over a cardiac cycle from echocardiography images by nonlinear dimensionality reductionP1184Effect of the mitral valve repairs on the left ventricular blood flow formationP1185Quantification of left atrial strain using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. a comparison between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and healthy controlsP1186The role of early systolic lengthening in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome and its relation to syntax scoreP1187Different standard two dimensional strain methods to quantity left ventricular mechanicsP1188Atrial function and electrocardiography caracteristics in sportsmen with or without paroxysmal atrial fibrillationP1189Right ventricular outflow premature contractions induce regional left ventricular dysfunctionP1190Ultrasound guided venous access for pacemaker and defibrillators. Randomized TrialP1191Atrial function analysis correlates with symptoms and quality of life of heart failure patientsP1192The use of tissue doppler echocardiography in myocardial iron overload in patients with thalassaemia majorP1193Independent association between pulse pressure and left ventricular global longitudinal strainP1194Global and regional longitudinal strain identifies the presence of coronary artery disease in patients with suspected reduction of coronary flow reserve and absence of wall motion abnormalitiesP1195Prognostic value of invasive and noninvasive parameters of right ventricular function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving specific vasodilator therapyP1196Myocardial deformation analysis to improve arrhythmic risk stratificationP1197Quantitative assessment of regional systolic and diastolic function parameters for detecting prior transient ischemia in normokinetic segmentsP1198Left atrial function in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot - a three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic studyP1199Left atrial ejection force correlates with left atrial strain and volume-based functional properties as assessed by three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographyP1200Acute angulation of the aortic arch late after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: impact on cardiac mechanicsP1201Circumferential deformation of the ascending thoracic aorta in hypertensive patients by three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographyCardiac Magnetic ResonanceP1202The incremental value of cardiac magnetic resonance on diagnosis myocardial infarction and non-obstructed coronary arteriesP1204Reference ranges of global and regional myocardial T1 values derived from MOLLI and shMOLLI at 3TComputed Tomography & Nuclear CardiologyP1205Deformation of the left atrial appendage after percutaneous closure with the Amplatzer cardiac plugP1206Prognostic impact of non-obstructive coronary artery disease on coronary computed tomographic angiography: A single-center study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
14
|
Localization of mesenchymal stromal cells dictates their immune or proinflammatory effects in kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2373-83. [PMID: 22642544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have recently emerged as promising candidates for cell-based immunotherapy in solid-organ transplantation. However, optimal conditions and settings for fully harnessing MSC tolerogenic properties need to be defined. We recently reported that autologous MSC given posttransplant in kidney transplant patients was associated with transient renal insufficiency associated with intragraft recruitment of neutrophils and complement C3 deposition. Here, we moved back to a murine kidney transplant model with the aim to define the best timing of MSC infusion capable of promoting immune tolerance without negative effects on early graft function. We also investigated the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory and/or proinflammatory activities of MSC according to whether cells were given before or after transplant. Posttransplant MSC infusion in mice caused premature graft dysfunction and failed to prolong graft survival. In this setting, infused MSC localized mainly into the graft and associated with neutrophils and complement C3 deposition. By contrast, pretransplant MSC infusion induced a significant prolongation of kidney graft survival by a Treg-dependent mechanism. MSC-infused pretransplant localized into lymphoid organs where they promoted early expansion of Tregs. Thus, pretransplant MSC infusion may be a useful approach to fully exploit their immunomodulatory properties in kidney transplantation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Influence of agricultural practices on the contamination of maize by fumonisin mycotoxins. J Food Prot 2009; 72:898-902. [PMID: 19435247 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.4.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of different agricultural practices on the contamination of maize by fumonisin mycotoxins. Corn samples were collected from 16 maize fields located in Aragón (northeastern Spain) during the 2007 crop year. Corn samples were collected from each field five times at different maturation stages: F1, day 0 (milky corn); F2, day 15; F3, day 30 (yellow corn); F4, day 45; and F5, ripe corn at harvest. The agricultural practices evaluated were type of seed (conventional and transgenic), planting method (dry and wet planting), tillage system (plowing and minimum tillage), type of irrigation (flood and sprinkler), residue management of preceding crop (removal and burial), nitrogen fertilization level (kg N per ha), and harvest date. Mycotoxin analysis was carried out with the ROSA Fumonisin test, which measures both fumonisin B1 and B2 by lateral flow immunoassay. No fumonisins were detected in milky corn (F1 and F2 stages). Only one field had fumonisins in F3 yellow corn (1,037 microg/kg); this field was part of the only farm affected by borer insects. One-third of fields had fumonisins at the F4 stage (363 microg/kg), and 62.5% of the fields were positive for fumonisins at the F5 harvest stage (520 microg/kg). Wet planting and the removal of debris from the previous crop significantly lowered the risk of fumonisin in corn. The use of insect-resistant maize seeds tended to reduce fumonisin levels. However, higher levels of nitrogen fertilizer had a tendency to increase fumonisin levels in corn. Tillage system, type of irrigation, and harvest date had no clear effect on fumonisin levels.
Collapse
|
16
|
Protection from Staphylococcus aureus mastitis associated with poly-N-acetyl beta-1,6 glucosamine specific antibody production using biofilm-embedded bacteria. Vaccine 2009; 27:2379-86. [PMID: 19428854 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus vaccines based on bacterins surrounded by slime, surface polysaccharides coupled to protein carriers and polysaccharides embedded in liposomes administered together with non-biofilm bacterins confer protection against mastitis. However, it remains unknown whether protective antibodies are directed to slime-associated known exopolysaccharides and could be produced in the absence of bacterin immunizations. Here, a sheep mastitis vaccination study was carried out using bacterins, crude bacterial extracts or a purified exopolysaccharide from biofilm bacteria delivered in different vehicles. This polysaccharide reacted specifically with antibodies to poly-N-acetyl-beta-1,6-glucosamine (PNAG) and not with antibodies to other capsular antigens or bacterial components. Following intra-mammary challenge with biofilm-producing bacteria, antibody production against the polysaccharide, milk bacterial counts and mastitis lesions were determined. Bacterins from strong biofilm-producing bacteria triggered the highest production of antibodies to PNAG and conferred the highest protection against infection and mastitis, compared with weak biofilm-producing bacteria and non-cellular inocula. Thus, bacterins from strong biofilm bacteria, rather than purified polysaccharide, are proposed as a cost-efficient vaccination against S. aureus ruminant mastitis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Antibacterial efficiency of Spanish Satureja montana essential oil against Listeria monocytogenes among natural flora in minced pork. J Food Prot 2008; 71:502-8. [PMID: 18389692 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of winter savory (Satureja montana) essential oil (EO) for control of growth and survival of experimentally inoculated Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b (10(4) CFU/g) among natural flora in minced pork. EOs of French thyme (Thymus vulgaris F) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) cultivated in the same region of Aragon (northeastern Spain) were used as reference ingredients. The EOs obtained by hydrodistillation were added at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2.5 microl/g (vol/wt), and the samples were kept at 4 degrees C in air for up to 7 days. The populations of L. monocytogenes and total viable bacteria were determined in the control and treated samples at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Moderate activity of S. montana EO against L. monocytogenes was observed (at 2.5 microl/g, reductions of 0.27 log CFU/g by day 3 and 0.61 log CFU/g by day 7), with higher activity against aerobic flora. The greatest reduction in aerobic flora was on day 3 (at 2.5 microl/g) from 1.10 to 1.45 log CFU/g. S. montana EO was comparable to T. vulgaris F EO in listericidal activity, but R. officinalis EO was ineffective against the L. monocytogenes and aerobic flora in the minced meat model. The approximately 3-log reduction in aerobic flora with T. vulgaris F EO at 0.25 to 2.5 microl/g after 5 days of storage was the most significant reduction. Depending on sensory considerations, the addition of active EOs in combination with other preservation techniques for synergistic effects may provide alternatives to synthetic chemical preservatives. Suggestions on relationships between chemical composition and biological activities of EOs are outlined.
Collapse
|
18
|
Morphometric Study of the Interproximal Unit in the Esthetic Region to Correlate Anatomic Variables Affecting the Aspect of Soft Tissue Embrasure Space. J Periodontol 2007; 78:2260-5. [PMID: 18052697 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
UNLABELLED SUBJECT. Massive Chronic Intervillositis is an infrequent inflammation lesion of the placenta, characterized by lymphohistiocytic intervillous infiltration, associated with fibrinoid deposition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by such lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a descriptive retrospective multicentric analysis of a series of pregnancies for which placenta or products of abortion were analyzed between January 1995 and September 2005, at the University Hospital of Bordeaux. After re-examining the histology slides, we performed a semi-quantitative graduation of the cell infiltration and fibrinoid deposition. RESULTS Twenty-five women were included (one twin-pregnancy and two histologic recurrences). We found three spontaneous abortions before 22 weeks, four intrauterine fetal deaths and three neonatals deaths. Seven of eight elective inductions pregnancies, were performed for intrauterine growth restriction less than 2.5 percentile. The rate of pregnancy loss was 55% and the perinatal mortality was 29%. 77% of fetuses are small for gestational age. Three mothers were pre-eclamptic. 21% of the fetuses had a congenital malformation. Only 32% of the fetuses were alive one week after birth. Histologically, 25% were associated with lesions of Villitis of Unknown Etiology. 77% of the cell infiltration was grade 3 and seemed to be correlated with severe growth restriction. We describe 3 cases of antenatal diagnosis of Chronic Intervillositis, realised after immunofixation on chorionic villous sampling. CONCLUSION Massive Chronic Intervillositis is a recurrent lesion with a poor prognosis complicated by spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction and perinatal fetal death. Currently, there is no treatment. Chorionic villous sampling in severe growth restriction might be useful in order to obtain at the same time the fetal karyotype and an histological probe of the placenta.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
AIM To compare the incidence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella serotypes isolated in a pig slaughterhouse in Zaragoza (Spain) during 1993 and 2001. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 168 isolates representing 10 serotypes were examined by disc diffusion method using 17 antibiotics. Data showed that the majority of the strains were resistant to streptomycin (97%), sulfadiazine (93.4%) and tetracycline (83.3%). A large proportion of the collection was multidrug resistant (MDR, resistance to four or more antibiotics) with a greater incidence in 2001. The findings imply an increasing incidence of MDR amongst S. Typhimurium, and all S. Typhimurium-definitive phage type (DT) 104 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamide and tetracycline (R-ACSSuT). This resistance phenotype had spread among other phage and serotypes. Salmonella Ohio was also a MDR serotype and this is not a serotype normally associated with drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of the strains were MDR and this showed that pork products could be a potential vehicle of MDR Salmonella food-borne infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The findings may have significant public health consequences and could contribute to the development of useful practices aimed at limiting the transmission of MDR Salmonella serotypes through the food chain.
Collapse
|
21
|
In vitro antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants against selected foodborne pathogens. J Food Prot 2004; 67:1252-6. [PMID: 15222560 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.6.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of selected essential oils for the control of growth and survival of pathogenic microorganisms of significant importance in food hygiene and to determine whether the antimicrobial effect was due to the major compounds of the oils. MIC and MBC were determined by the tube dilution method. Essential oils from Thymus vulgaris from Spain and France, Salvia sclarea, Salvia officinalis, Salvia lavandulifolia, Lavandula latifolia, Lavandula angustifolia, three hybrids of Lavandula latifolia x Lavandula angustifolia (Lavandin 'Super', Lavandin 'Abrialis', and Lavandin 'Grosso'), Rosmarinus officinalis, Hissopus officinalis, and Satureja montana were evaluated. Inhibition ranged from the strong activity of Satureja montana and Thymus vulgaris (France) to no inhibition with Salvia sclarea and Hissopus officinalis for each of the test strains: Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b, and Staphylococcus aureus. Because some of the essential oils were highly inhibitory in small quantities to selected pathogenic microorganisms, they may provide alternatives to conventional antimicrobial additives in foods.
Collapse
|
22
|
Effect of enamel matrix derivative on human periodontal fibroblasts: proliferation, morphology and root surface colonization. An in vitro
study. J Periodontal Res 2003; 38:568-74. [PMID: 14632919 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of Emdogain(R) (EMD) in promoting tissue regeneration, even though the underlining biological mechanism is still poorly known. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of EMD on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts and on their colonization and differentiation following contact with the root surface of extracted teeth in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Fibroblasts from PDL were seeded on Petri dishes and cell growth was evaluated by cell counting in the presence and absence of EMD, after 1, 3 and 8 d of culture. A significant effect of EMD upon cellular proliferation at d 3 and 8 was detected. When PDL cells were grown for 12 d with EMD on etched human root surface, a change in cell morphology was observed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that cells grown on root EMD-treated surface present a body with a flattened surface closely adherent to the substrate and an outer smooth surface rounded in shape. From the flattened surface some thin and elongated cellular processes connecting with the substrate were also observable. PDL cells grown on EMD-treated surface showed lack of alkaline phosphatase activity, as some authors noticed in cementoblasts in vitro. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data indicate that EMD enhances human PDL fibroblast proliferation. Furthermore, the cells in the presence of EMD show morphological changes that make them more similar to cementoblasts than to fibroblasts, suggesting a process of cellular differentiation that could play an important role in periodontal tissue repair.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
This in vivo study evaluates the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on nitric oxide (NO) production by the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). NO production was induced in the rat by the ip administration of 2 mg/100 g lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This treatment caused: (1) a decrease in body temperature within 90 min, followed by a slow return to normal levels; (2) an increase in plasma levels of urea, nitrite/nitrate, and citrulline; (3) the appearance in blood of nitrosyl-hemoglobin (NO-Hb) and in liver of dinitrosyl-iron-dithiolate complexes (DNIC); and (4) increased expression of iNOS mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Rat treatment with 15 mg/100 g NAC ip, 30 min before LPS, resulted in a significant decrease in blood NO-Hb levels, plasma nitrite/nitrate and citrulline concentrations, and liver DNIC complexes. PBMC also showed a decreased expression of iNOS mRNA. NAC pretreatment did not modify the increased levels of plasma urea or the hypothermic effect induced by the endotoxin. The administration of NAC following LPS intoxication (15 min prior to sacrifice) did not affect NO-Hb levels. These results demonstrate that NAC administration can modulate the massive NO production induced by LPS. This can be attributed mostly to the inhibitory effect of NAC on one of the events leading to iNOS protein expression. This hypothesis is also supported by the lack of effect of late NAC administration.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) concentrations were measured in 16 patients affected with myotonic dystrophy (MyD) undergoing 24-hour Holter ECG and in 15 age-matched normal subjects. Although the MyD patients did not show overt left ventricular function impairment, their plasma ANH levels were found to be higher (183.76 +/- 113.25 pg/ml) compared to those of the control subjects (39.73 +/- 9.95 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Nine patients with arrhythmias and some echocardiographic alterations formed subgroup A. Seven patients without cardiac alterations formed subgroup B. No significant difference in ANH emerged between the two subgroups. This evidence suggests that high plasma ANH levels in MyD cannot always be related to overt or latent heart failure and to arrhythmias.
Collapse
|
25
|
Antioxidant activity of carotenoids: an electron-spin resonance study on beta-carotene and lutein interaction with free radicals generated in a chemical system. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2000; 12:299-304. [PMID: 9664236 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1998)12:5<299::aid-jbt6>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
beta-Carotene is thought to be a chain-breaking antioxidant, even though we have no information about the mechanism of its antioxidant activity. Using electron-spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy coupled to the spin-trapping technique, we have studied the effect of beta-carotene and lutein on the radical adducts of the spin-trap PBN (N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone) generated by the metal-ion breakdown of different tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) concentrations in methylene chloride. The peroxyl radical, along with an oxidation product of PBN (the PBNOx), trapped at room temperature from the breakdown of high concentration of tBOOH (1 M), were quenched by beta-carotene or lutein, in competition with the spin-trapping agent. However, carotenoids were not able to quench the alkoxyl and methyl radicals generated in the reaction carried out in the presence of low tBOOH concentration (1 mM). The reaction between carotenoids and the peroxyl radical was also carried out in the absence of the spin trap, at 77 K: Under these different experimental conditions, we did not detect any radical species deriving from carotenoids. In the same system, a further evidence of the peroxyl radical quenching by beta-carotene and lutein was obtained. The antioxidant activity of vitamin E was also tested, for comparison with the carotenoids. In the presence of alpha-tocopherol, peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals were quenched, and the tocopheroxyl radical was detected. Our data provide the first direct evidence that carotenoids quench peroxyl radicals. Under our experimental conditions, we did not detect any carotenoid radical species that could derive from the interaction with the peroxyl radical. The radical-trapping activity of beta-carotene and lutein demonstrated in this chemical reaction contributes to our understanding carotenoid antioxidant action in biological systems.
Collapse
|
26
|
The sero-epidemiology of diphtheria in Western Europe. ESEN Project. European Sero-Epidemiology Network. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 125:113-25. [PMID: 11057967 PMCID: PMC2869577 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268899004161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven countries in Western Europe collected large, representative serum banks across the entire age range and tested them for diphtheria anti-toxin (sample size ranged from 2991 to 7715). Although a variety of assays were used, the results were all standardized to those of a reference laboratory and expressed in international units. The standardization process, and the availability of similar, large data sets allowed comparative analyses to be performed in which a high degree of confidence could be ascribed to observed epidemiological differences. The results showed that there were large differences in the proportion of adults with insufficient levels of protection amongst different countries. For instance, roughly 35% of 50- to 60-year-olds were found to be seronegative (titre < or = 0.01 IU/ml) in Finland compared with 70-75% in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the proportion of seronegative adults would be expected to increase in some countries, notably Italy and the western part of Germany. In those countries with vaccination of military recruits there was a marked sex-related difference in the proportion of seropositive individuals. All countries have high levels of infant vaccine coverage (> 90%) but the accelerated schedule in the United Kingdom appears to result in lower anti-toxin titres than elsewhere. In Sweden, booster doses are not offered until 10 years of age which results in large numbers of children with inadequate levels of protection. Although the United Kingdom and Sweden both have higher proportions of seronegative children than elsewhere the likelihood of a resurgence of diphtheria in these countries seems remote.
Collapse
|
27
|
Volatile components of cigarette smoke: effect of acrolein and acetaldehyde on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. J Periodontol 2000; 71:425-32. [PMID: 10776930 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2000.71.3.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco and some of its volatile and non-volatile components have been found to affect many types of cells including gingival fibroblasts. Since normal gingival fibroblast functioning is fundamental to the maintenance of the periodontal connective tissue, as well as to wound healing, we examined the effect of acrolein and acetaldehyde, volatile components of cigarette smoke, on proliferation, attachment, and ultrastructure of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in culture. METHODS Human gingival fibroblast (HGF) strains derived from healthy individuals with non-inflamed gingiva were used in this study. The cells were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of acrolein and acetaldehyde. Cell attachment and proliferation were evaluated after incubation for 3 hours and 5 days, respectively. In addition, the cells were examined with a transmission electron microscope in order to evaluate their morphology. RESULTS The results show that acrolein and acetaldehyde produced dose-dependent inhibition of HGF attachment and proliferation. The cytotoxic effect was, however, reversible when both substances were removed, after 3 days, from the medium. The main ultrastructural finding for the HGF cytoplasm was the presence of vacuoles and lysosomal structures that became prominent with increasing concentration of acrolein and acetaldehyde. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data suggest that acrolein and acetaldehyde, volatile components of tobacco smoke, are detrimental to HGF survival and consequently to the oral connective tissue. According to our morpho-functional evidence, these findings corroborate clinical and epidemiological investigations demonstrating smoke as a risk factor in the development of periodontal disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
A novel effect of an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, on the production of reactive oxygen species by microglia: a study by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain Res 2000; 854:224-9. [PMID: 10784126 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia as the first line of defensive cells in the brain produce free radicals including superoxide and nitric oxide (NO), contributing to neurodegeneration. An opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, has been considered pharmacologically beneficial to endotoxin shock, experimental cerebral ischemia, and spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of naloxone are still not clear. This study explores the effects of naloxone on the production of superoxide and NO by the murine microglial cell line, BV2, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The production of superoxide triggered by phobol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) resulted in superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable, catalase-uninhibitable 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) hydroxyl radical adduct formation. LPS enhanced the production of superoxide and triggered the formation of non-heme iron-nitrosyl complex. Cells pre-treated with naloxone showed significant reduction of superoxide production by 35%. However, it could not significantly reduce the formation of non-heme iron-nitrosyl complex and nitrite. Taken together, the results expand our understanding of the neuroprotective effects of naloxone as it decreases superoxide production by microglia.
Collapse
|
29
|
[A case of female pseudohermaphroditism caused by maternal androluteoma]. ACTA BIO-MEDICA DE L'ATENEO PARMENSE : ORGANO DELLA SOCIETA DI MEDICINA E SCIENZE NATURALI DI PARMA 2000; 71 Suppl 1:765-7. [PMID: 11424843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Female pseudohermaphroditism is a condition characterized by various degree of external genitalia virilization in a patient with female internal genitalia and karyotype (XX). External genitalia is masculinized congenitally when female fetus is exposed to excess androgenic environment. Fetal metabolic abnormalities, like congenital adrenal hyperplasia, are the most common causes of female pseudohermaphroditism, however there is a low incidence of gestational hyperandrogenism caused by maternal pathology. We report a case of female pseudohermaphroditism secondary to a maternal ovarian luteoma of pregnancy producing androgenic hormones. The newborn presented a severe degree of external genitalia virilization with high urogenital sinus (stage Prader V). Moreover we describe the main steps of diagnostic iter that are necessary both to exclude other causes of virilization and to study all anatomical aspects in view of the surgical correction. The operation consists in two phases of action: an early clitorisvulvoplasty according to Passerini-Glazel and a late vaginal pull-through with anterior saggital transanorectal approach (ASTRA).
Collapse
|
30
|
Phenoxyl free radical formation during the oxidation of the fluorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein by horseradish peroxidase. Possible consequences for oxidative stress measurements. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:28161-8. [PMID: 10497168 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.40.28161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of the fluorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by horseradish peroxidase was investigated by optical absorption, electron spin resonance (ESR), and oxygen consumption measurements. Spectrophotometric measurements showed that DCF could be oxidized either by horseradish peroxidase-compound I or -compound II with the obligate generation of the DCF phenoxyl radical (DCF(.)). This one-electron oxidation was confirmed by ESR spin-trapping experiments. DCF(.) oxidizes GSH, generating the glutathione thiyl radical (GS(.)), which was detected by the ESR spin-trapping technique. In this case, oxygen was consumed by a sequence of reactions initiated by the GS(.) radical. Similarly, DCF(.) oxidized NADH, generating the NAD(.) radical that reduced oxygen to superoxide (O-(2)), which was also detected by the ESR spin-trapping technique. Superoxide dismutated to generate H(2)O(2), which reacted with horseradish peroxidase, setting up an enzymatic chain reaction leading to H(2)O(2) production and oxygen consumption. In contrast, when ascorbic acid reduced the DCF phenoxyl radical back to its parent molecule, it formed the unreactive ascorbate anion radical. Clearly, DCF catalytically stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species in a manner that is dependent on and affected by various biochemical reducing agents. This study, together with our earlier studies, demonstrates that DCFH cannot be used conclusively to measure superoxide or hydrogen peroxide formation in cells undergoing oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
31
|
Evidence for free radical formation during the oxidation of 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin to the fluorescent dye 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein by horseradish peroxidase: possible implications for oxidative stress measurements. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27:873-81. [PMID: 10515592 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) to the fluorescent 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was investigated by fluorescence, absorption, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). As has been previously reported, HRP/H2O2 oxidized DCFH to the highly fluorescent DCF. However, DCF fluorescence was still observed when H2O2 was omitted, although its intensity was reduced by 50%. Surprisingly, the fluorescence increase, in the absence of exogenous H2O2, was still strongly inhibited by catalase, demonstrating that H2O2 was present and necessary for DCF formation. H2O2 was apparently formed during either chemical or enzymatic deacetylation of 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), probably by auto-oxidation. Spectrophotometric measurements clearly showed that DCFH could be oxidized either by HRP-compound I or HRP-compound II with the obligate generation of the DCF semiquinone free radical (DCF*-). Oxidation of DCF*- to DCF by oxygen would yield superoxide (O2*-). ESR spectroscopy in conjunction with the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) revealed the presence of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in the DCFH/H2O2/HRP system. Both radicals were also detected in the absence of added H2O2, although the intensities of the resultant adducts were decreased. This work demonstrates that DCF fluorescence cannot be used reliably to measure O2*- in cells because O2*- itself is formed during the conversion of DCFH to DCF by peroxidases. The disproportionation of superoxide forms H2O2 which, in the presence of peroxidase activity, will oxidize more DCFH to DCF with self-amplification of the fluorescence. Because the deacetylation of DCFH-DA, even by esterases, can produce H2O2, the use of this probe to measure H2O2 production in cells is problematic.
Collapse
|
32
|
Prooxidant activity of ferrioxamine in isolated rat hepatocytes and linoleic acid micelles. Chem Res Toxicol 1999; 12:365-70. [PMID: 10207126 DOI: 10.1021/tx980149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complex iron-desferrioxamine (ferrioxamine) is considered chemically unreactive, and not able to participate in redox cycle reactions. Desferrioxamine-dependent toxicity is, however, described in both human and animal studies. The aim of this work was to test the possibility that chelated iron, under certain circumstances, could enter redox reactions, giving an explanation of desferrioxamine side effects. Carefully prepared ferrioxamine, to obtain a 1:1 desferrioxamine:iron ratio, was added to isolated rat hepatocytes and to linoleic acid micelles. A strong prooxidant and cytotoxic effect was observed in the cells, also potentiating tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation. In micelles, the prooxidant effect was observed only in the presence of ascorbate, which is oxidized during the process, giving rise to ascorbyl radical. Ferrioxamine, under the experimental conditions used, did not release iron, indicating that the prooxidant effect was due to iron redox cycling. The addition of desferrioxamine prevented both ferrioxamine- and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity. Concurrently, a nitroxide radical was detected, an indication of the radical scavenger activity of the hydroxamic moiety. No radical species was observed when ferrioxamine was added to the same system. The prooxidant effect of ferrioxamine gives a possible explanation of the reported human and animal desferrioxamine toxicity. When, in compartmentalized regions, the ratio of desferrioxamine:metal reaches 1:1, ferrioxamine is formed. In the absence of metal-free desferrioxamine, ferrioxamine can participate in redox cycling reactions, initiating lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Photoreduction of the fluorescent dye 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein: a spin trapping and direct electron spin resonance study with implications for oxidative stress measurements. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 26:148-61. [PMID: 9890650 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The photoreduction of 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) was investigated in buffer solution using direct electron spin resonance (ESR) and the ESR spin-trapping technique. Anaerobic studies of the reaction of DCF in the presence of reducing agents demonstrated that during visible irradiation (lambda > 300 nm) 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein undergoes one-electron reduction to produce a semiquinone-type free radical as demonstrated by direct ESR. Spin-trapping studies of incubations containing DCF, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and either reduced glutathione (GSH) or reduced NADH demonstrate, under irradiation with visible light, the production of the superoxide dismutase-sensitive DMPO/*OOH adduct. In the absence of DMPO, measurements with a Clark-type oxygen electrode show that molecular oxygen is consumed in a light-dependent process. The semiquinone radical of DCF, when formed in an aerobic system, is immediately oxidized by oxygen, which regenerates the dye and forms superoxide.
Collapse
|
34
|
Antioxidant activity of carotenoids: an electron-spin resonance study on beta-carotene and lutein interaction with free radicals generated in a chemical system. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 1998. [PMID: 9664236 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1998)12:5<299::aid-jbt6>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
beta-Carotene is thought to be a chain-breaking antioxidant, even though we have no information about the mechanism of its antioxidant activity. Using electron-spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy coupled to the spin-trapping technique, we have studied the effect of beta-carotene and lutein on the radical adducts of the spin-trap PBN (N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone) generated by the metal-ion breakdown of different tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) concentrations in methylene chloride. The peroxyl radical, along with an oxidation product of PBN (the PBNOx), trapped at room temperature from the breakdown of high concentration of tBOOH (1 M), were quenched by beta-carotene or lutein, in competition with the spin-trapping agent. However, carotenoids were not able to quench the alkoxyl and methyl radicals generated in the reaction carried out in the presence of low tBOOH concentration (1 mM). The reaction between carotenoids and the peroxyl radical was also carried out in the absence of the spin trap, at 77 K: Under these different experimental conditions, we did not detect any radical species deriving from carotenoids. In the same system, a further evidence of the peroxyl radical quenching by beta-carotene and lutein was obtained. The antioxidant activity of vitamin E was also tested, for comparison with the carotenoids. In the presence of alpha-tocopherol, peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals were quenched, and the tocopheroxyl radical was detected. Our data provide the first direct evidence that carotenoids quench peroxyl radicals. Under our experimental conditions, we did not detect any carotenoid radical species that could derive from the interaction with the peroxyl radical. The radical-trapping activity of beta-carotene and lutein demonstrated in this chemical reaction contributes to our understanding carotenoid antioxidant action in biological systems.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
In 22 hyperthyroid patients, atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) levels (71.91 +/- 21.03 pg/ml), measured during a 3-h-Holter, were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) than those in 20 age-matched normal subjects (37.22 +/- 8.73 pg/ml). We have demonstrated that the presence of tachiarrhythmias does not influence ANH release. The positive and significant correlation of FT3 with both ANH and heart rate confirms the hypothesis of a direct action of thyroid hormones on ANH release.
Collapse
|
36
|
Detection of free radicals produced from the reaction of cytochrome P-450 with linoleic acid hydroperoxide. Biochem J 1997; 328 ( Pt 2):565-71. [PMID: 9371716 PMCID: PMC1218956 DOI: 10.1042/bj3280565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ESR spin-trapping technique was employed to investigate the reaction of rabbit cytochrome P-450 1A2 (P450) with linoleic acid hydroperoxide. This system was compared with chemical systems where FeSO4 or FeCl3 was used in place of P450. The spin trap 5, 5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) was employed to detect and identify radical species. The DMPO adducts of hydroxyl, O2-., peroxyl, methyl and acyl radicals were detected in the P450 system. The reaction did not require NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase or NADPH. The same DMPO-radical adducts were detected in the FeSO4 system. Only DMPO-.OH radical adduct and carbon-centred radical adducts were detected in the FeCl3 system. Peroxyl radical production was completely O2-dependent. We propose that polyunsaturated fatty acids are initially reduced to form alkoxyl radicals, which then undergo intramolecular rearrangement to form epoxyalkyl radicals. Each epoxyalkyl radical reacts with O2, forming a peroxyl radical. Subsequent unimolecular decomposition of this peroxyl radical eliminates O2-. radical.
Collapse
|
37
|
[Presence of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria sp. in fresh and cured sausages. Use of different conditions of time and temperature for incubation]. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1997; 44:617-24. [PMID: 9467304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two different temperatures for enrichment of Listeria monocytogenes and related species have been studied (1) cold enrichment at 4 degrees C (2) enrichment at 30 degrees C (FDA method). Also, two selective media for isolation were tested: Acriflavine-Ceftazidime agar (A.C.) and Palcam agar. We have studied 72 samples of dry-cured sausage (called 'longaniza') at different stages of maturation: fresh, semi-cured and cured samples. The most efficient method was cold enrichment at 4 degrees C during 5 days followed by isolation in Palcam agar, but results were only significant for fresh sausages (P < 0.05).
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Endothelial cell injury in blood vessels of small arteries and capillaries is considered the primary event in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Because endothelin-1 (ET-1) is mainly released in the site of endothelial cell damage, thereby inducing a potent vasoconstriction, it was our intention to study ET-1 release in a group of SSc patients during a cold pressor test (CPT). Twelve SSc patients and a control group of 10 healthy subjects underwent CPT. Blood samples for ET-1 assay were collected at 90 and 180 seconds of exposure to cold stress. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at the same intervals. A capillaroscopic examination was performed in both groups before and after CPT. We observed significantly higher levels of plasma ET-1 in SSc patients compared with those of the control group at baseline (P=0.007) and at 90 (P=0.006) and 180 seconds (P=0.03) of CPT. During the test, the capillaroscopic examination showed a dramatic worsening of the vascular picture that was parallel to the increase in ET-1 plasma levels. This suggests that higher ET-1 plasma levels can have a part in the acute vascular reactivity of SSc patients undergoing CPT.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
A total of 173 Salmonella strains of different serovars isolated during 1992 from poultry and human sources in Zaragoza (NE Spain) were investigated for potential virulence factors. Parameters studied included production of aerobactin, enterobactin, colicin (including colicin V) and hemolysin, serum resistance against serum from man, sheep, cattle and chicken, binding of Congo red and crystal violet, auto-agglutination and calcium dependency at 37 degrees C and double colony morphology. Preliminary studies showed tests with completely negative results (colicins and hemolysin production, double colony morphology, auto-agglutination and calcium dependency at 37 degrees C) and tests with completely positive results (enterobactin production and binding of Congo red). The tests with variability of results were production of aerobactin, serum resistance and crystal violet binding. Aerobactin production was detected in 80% of Salmonella strains of clinical human origin and in 30% of Salmonella strains isolated from healthy slaughtered chickens. Sixty-five per cent of patient isolates were human serum resistant, 73% were ovine serum resistant, 85% were bovine serum resistant and 98% were chicken serum resistant. The percentages of poultry isolates serum resistant were 61, 86, 60 and 89% in human, ovine, bovine and chicken serum, respectively. Crystal violet binding was detected in 22.5% of Salmonella isolates from human origin and in 32.3% of Salmonella strains from poultry origin. This study can form a marker for the prevalence of strains with various characteristics (production of aerobactin, serum resistance and crystal violet binding) for comparison in future epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the data of this work suggested that strains causing enteric salmonellosis in man are partially identical to strains isolated from carrier broilers.
Collapse
|
40
|
The respiratory-chain poison antimycin A promotes the formation of DNA single-strand breaks and reduces toxicity in U937 cells exposed to t-butylhydroperoxide. Biochem J 1996; 317 ( Pt 2):371-5. [PMID: 8713060 PMCID: PMC1217497 DOI: 10.1042/bj3170371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimycin A at levels that abolish oxygen consumption had a slight, although statistically significant, inhibitory effect on the toxicity elicited by t-butylhydroperoxide in U937 cells. The protective effect was observed after 6 h of post-treatment incubation, but was no longer apparent after 24 h. Unexpectedly, these events were associated with a marked accumulation of DNA single-strand breaks produced by low levels of t-butylhydroperoxide. Both an oxygen- and a carbon-centred radical were found to arise during treatment with t-butylhydroperoxide, and their formation was significantly lowered by antimycin A. Thus inhibition of electron transport at the level of complex III appears (a) to decrease the formation of toxic species which mediate, at least partially, the lethal effects elicited by t-butylhydroperoxide, and (b) to enhance the formation of DNA-damaging species generated at low concentrations of t-butylhydroperoxide. Rotenone and cyanide, which respectively inhibit complexes I and IV, did not affect DNA damage elicited by t-butylhydroperoxide. These results suggest that DNA single-strand breaks do not mediate the toxicity of t-butylhydroperoxide, and that specific mitochondrial functions might modulate the formation of the toxic and of DNA-damaging species generated by organic hydroperoxides.
Collapse
|
41
|
[Endothelium and diabetes: study of plasma levels of endothelin-1 in diabetic patients with arterial hypertension or proliferative retinopathy]. Minerva Med 1995; 86:105-20. [PMID: 7603606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
42
|
[The endothelium]. RIVISTA EUROPEA PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE E FARMACOLOGICHE = EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES = REVUE EUROPEENNE POUR LES SCIENCES MEDICALES ET PHARMACOLOGIQUES 1995; 17:91-101. [PMID: 8545562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the endothelial cells represent one of the most active and versatile elements in the human organism. In fact apart from being the lining of the vessel wall they exert both antithrombotic and prothrombotic functions. Endothelial cells regulate the vasomotor tone and also have a part in the different immunological and inflammatory process. All these functions are possible because the endothelial cells produce many receptors on their surface. This paper is a review of the latest data on different roles played and substances produced by endothelial cells.
Collapse
|
43
|
[Heat shock proteins in diabetes mellitus]. RIVISTA EUROPEA PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE E FARMACOLOGICHE = EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES = REVUE EUROPEENNE POUR LES SCIENCES MEDICALES ET PHARMACOLOGIQUES 1995; 17:27-33. [PMID: 8545552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) are a special category of proteins synthesized from 2 types of cells, one originating from ordinary organs and the other highly specialized ones from mammals. Their synthesis originates from a reaction of the cells to heat shock and therefore it can be thought of as a defense mechanism activated by the cells to protect themselves from the damage done by heat. HSPs are also qualified as "molecular chaperons" since they are present at the assembling of other proteins and they protect them from any possible anomalous interactions even if they do not take an active part in the final making up of the protein itself. This chaperone role is the base of the hypothesis that HSPs could take part in the processing and presentation of the antigens. Two hypothesis have been formed on the role of HSPs in the immunological process. 1) HSP could be antigens that call for an immediate immunological reaction; 2) HSP could set off a self destructive mechanism brought on by an immunological reaction. From all this it emerges that the immunological reaction to HSP has two angles. One is protective in that it allows the cells to eliminate micro foreign-organisms and the other is harmful due to a badly regulated immunological reaction. In some studies it has been demonstrated that patients with varying autoimmunological disorders as LES and rheumatoid arthritis (AR), have autoantibodies against HSPs. Moreover the HSPs of certain microorganisms induce the formation of autoantibodies in the host and the proliferation of T cells in the synovial fluid in patients with AR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
|
44
|
A rise in haemoglobin levels may enhance serum triiodothyronine (T3). Concentrations in prepubertal patients with beta-thalassaemia major. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 1990; 96:169-76. [PMID: 2129031 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of increased haemoglobin (Hb) levels on the thyroid function in patients with beta-thalassaemia major. Basal levels of thyroid hormones (T4, T3) and free thyroid hormones (fT4, fT3), basal TSH concentrations and the TSH responses to a TRH bolus (0.2 mg iv) were studied in ten euthyroid thalassaemic patients, aged 8 to 19 years, and in one 12 years-old thalassaemic girl with primary hypothyroidism. Five euthyroid thalassaemic patients (aged 8 to 12 years), as well as the hypothyroid thalassaemic girl, were prepubertal, whereas five euthyroid thalassaemic patients (aged 15 to 19 years) had delayed puberty. In each patient, the endocrine evaluation was carried out under conditions of low Hb levels (31 days after the last blood transfusion, mean Hb = 9.8 +/- 1.5 g/dl), and 11 days after the transfusion of 2 units packed red blood cells (PRBC). The latter increased significantly Hb concentrations in all the thalassaemic patients (mean Hb = 12.8 +/- 2.5 g/dl, P less than 0.001). Twelve normal prepubertal subjects, aged 6 to 11 years, served as the control group. Before the PRBC transfusion, basal T4, T3, fT4, fT3 and TSH concentrations were similar in euthyroid prepubertal thalassaemic patients (EPT) and in euthyroid patients with delayed puberty (EDPT), and were comparable to those in control subjects. The TSH responses to TRH (TSH peak, area and delta area) observed in EPT patients were similar to those in the EDPT group, but significantly higher in comparison with the normal children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
|
45
|
Effect of increased haemoglobin levels on growth hormone (GH) secretion in beta-thalassaemia major: differences between prepubertal subjects and patients with delayed puberty. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 1988; 92:225-30. [PMID: 3243342 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1210805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Basal and L-dopa-stimulated secretion of growth hormone (GH) was investigated in 10 patients with beta-thalassaemia major. Five patients were prepubertal (chronological age 8 to 12 years), whereas 5 patients had delayed puberty (chronological age 15 to 19 years). Ten normal prepubertal subjects (chronological age 8 to 11 years) served as the control group. Each thalassaemic patient was subjected to two L-dopa tests (0.5 g L-dopa plus 0.7 mg/Kg body weight propranolol, orally): one was performed under conditions of low haemoglobin (Hb) levels (30 days after the last blood transfusion), and the second in the presence of increased Hb concentrations (10 days after the transfusion of packed red blood cells). Before the transfusion of packed red blood cells, basal GH concentrations were significantly higher in the patients with delayed puberty (4.3 +/- 1.6 ng/ml), than in prepubertal thalassaemic (1.8 +/- 0.9 ng/ml, p less than 0.05) and control (1.9 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, p less than 0.02) subjects. In contrast, the pituitary responsiveness to L-dopa, expressed as the relative maximum response for GH (GH delta %), was significantly higher in the latter two groups (8.5-fold, p less than 0.05, and 10.9-fold, p less than 0.02, respectively). The transfusion of packed red blood cells increased significantly Hb concentrations in both groups of thalassaemic patients (prepubertal +27%, p less than 0.05, delayed puberty +33%, p less than 0.025, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
|