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Schäflein E, Mardin C, Morawa E, Rudolf S, Erim Y, Rhein C. Exacerbation of central serous chorioretinopathy during trauma-confronting psychotherapy- a case report. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:368. [PMID: 38755608 PMCID: PMC11100044 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder, in particular trauma-confronting psychotherapy, can be associated with increased stress. However, research on the somatic impact and psychosomatic interactions of these psychological stress reactions is lacking. We report on a 43-year old man whose central serous chorioretinopathy exacerbated upon trauma-confronting psychotherapy. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a man with pre-diagnosed, asymptomatic central serous chorioretinopathy who underwent inpatient psychosomatic therapy. He disclosed a history of sexual abuse by a family member and consequently showed intrusions, flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance behavior, and hyperarousal. Thus, we diagnosed post-traumatic stress disorder. After a stabilization phase, he underwent trauma-focused psychotherapy including trauma confrontation. In the course of this treatment, acute vision loss with blurred vision and image distortion of his right eye occurred. An ophthalmologic visit confirmed a relapse of a pre-diagnosed central serous chorioretinopathy. The analysis of stress biomarkers showed a decrease in testosterone levels and a noon peak in diurnal cortisol secretion, which is indicative of a stress reaction. CONCLUSION Central serous chorioretinopathy may exacerbate upon psychotherapeutic treatment. In this case, an exacerbation of chorioretinopathy was observed in direct relation to the therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapists and ophthalmologists should collaborate in the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients with chorioretinopathy. Our case demonstrates the need to consider the possible increased stress levels during psychotherapy and resulting physical side effects, such as exacerbation of an existing condition. It is advisable to adjust the level of generated stress particularly well in the presence of stress-inducible physical diseases. Our case is a good example of the interplay between psychological and physical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schäflein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich- Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christian Mardin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich- Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sophia Rudolf
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich- Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich- Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich- Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Rhein C, Apelt I, Werner F, Schäflein E, Adler W, Reichel M, Schug C, Morawa E, Erim Y. Paradoxical effect of anti-inflammatory drugs on IL-6 mRNA expression in patients with PTSD during treatment. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024:10.1007/s00702-024-02770-6. [PMID: 38613673 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with the activation of the innate immune system, including cytokines like interleukin 6 (IL-6). However, the role of IL-6 in the etiology and treatment of PTSD still remains elusive. We conducted a prospective controlled trial to investigate the development of IL-6 during psychosomatic treatment in individuals with PTSD in comparison with individuals without PTSD. We assessed IL-6 mRNA expression before and after 2 months of psychosomatic treatment in individuals with and without PTSD. Severities of PTSD and depressive symptoms were assessed in parallel. Linear mixed regression was applied for statistical analysis, including the factors diagnosis PTSD and pre-post treatment after subgrouping for intake of anti-inflammatory drugs. The development of IL-6 mRNA expression during treatment was affected by the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. In the subgroup without intake of anti-inflammatory drugs, no significant statistical treatment effect in individuals with and without PTSD emerged. In the subgroup of individuals taking anti-inflammatory drugs, a significant interaction effect of the factors pre-post treatment and diagnosis PTSD was observed. Whereas IL-6 mRNA expression in individuals without PTSD decreased according to amelioration of symptoms, IL-6 mRNA expression in individuals with PTSD increased significantly during treatment, in opposite direction to symptom severity. Anti-inflammatory drugs might affect IL-6 mRNA expression in individuals with PTSD in a paradoxical way. This study offers a further piece of evidence that IL-6 could be involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD and PTSD-specific immunologic molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Isabella Apelt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Werner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Schäflein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Werner Adler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Schug
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Morawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Hartmannstr. 14, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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von Majewski K, Kraus O, Rhein C, Lieb M, Erim Y, Rohleder N. Acute stress responses of autonomous nervous system, HPA axis, and inflammatory system in posttraumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:36. [PMID: 36732491 PMCID: PMC9894822 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) does not only have direct consequences for well-being, but it also comes with a significant risk for severe somatic health consequences. A number of previous studies have pointed to alterations in stress systems in traumatized persons, as well as the inflammatory system, which might be important links in the pathway between trauma, PTSD, and health consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate acute stress responses in PTSD patients compared with healthy controls. Twenty-seven PTSD patients and 15 controls were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and we measured salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) at different time points before, during and after the stress test. Results revealed similar stress responses between patients and controls, but lower baseline cortisol levels and higher IL-6 baseline levels in PTSD patients. Increases in sAA stress responses were significantly lower in patients, while sAA concentrations were higher in the PTSD group during intervention. HRV was markedly decreased in patients and showed a significantly blunted acute stress response with a slower recovery after TSST. These results confirm previous findings of marked stress system dysregulations in PTSD and add to the literature on acute stress reactivity in PTSD which appears to show stress system-specific changes. Overall, these results have implications for our understanding of potential risk and resilience factors in the response to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin von Majewski
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Kraus
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany ,grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marietta Lieb
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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4
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Kalinichenko LS, Mühle C, Jia T, Anderheiden F, Datz M, Eberle AL, Eulenburg V, Granzow J, Hofer M, Hohenschild J, Huber SE, Kämpf S, Kogias G, Lacatusu L, Lugmair C, Taku SM, Meixner D, Sembritzki NK, Praetner M, Rhein C, Sauer C, Scholz J, Ulrich F, Valenta F, Weigand E, Werner M, Tay N, Mc Veigh CJ, Haase J, Wang AL, Abdel-Hafiz L, Huston JP, Smaga I, Frankowska M, Filip M, Lourdusamy A, Kirchner P, Ekici AB, Marx LM, Suresh NP, Frischknecht R, Fejtova A, Saied EM, Arenz C, Bozec A, Wank I, Kreitz S, Hess A, Bäuerle T, Ledesma MD, Mitroi DN, Miranda AM, Oliveira TG, Lenz B, Schumann G, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Adult alcohol drinking and emotional tone are mediated by neutral sphingomyelinase during development in males. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:844-864. [PMID: 35296883 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use, abuse, and addiction, and resulting health hazards are highly sex-dependent with unknown mechanisms. Previously, strong links between the SMPD3 gene and its coded protein neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (NSM) and alcohol abuse, emotional behavior, and bone defects were discovered and multiple mechanisms were identified for females. Here we report strong sex-dimorphisms for central, but not for peripheral mechanisms of NSM action in mouse models. Reduced NSM activity resulted in enhanced alcohol consumption in males, but delayed conditioned rewarding effects. It enhanced the acute dopamine response to alcohol, but decreased monoaminergic systems adaptations to chronic alcohol. Reduced NSM activity increased depression- and anxiety-like behavior, but was not involved in alcohol use for the self-management of the emotional state. Constitutively reduced NSM activity impaired structural development in the brain and enhanced lipidomic sensitivity to chronic alcohol. While the central effects were mostly opposite to NSM function in females, similar roles in bone-mediated osteocalcin release and its effects on alcohol drinking and emotional behavior were observed. These findings support the view that the NSM and multiple downstream mechanism may be a source of the sex-differences in alcohol use and emotional behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tianye Jia
- The Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,PONS Centre and SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Felix Anderheiden
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Maria Datz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Anna-Lisa Eberle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Volker Eulenburg
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jonas Granzow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Martin Hofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Julia Hohenschild
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Sabine E Huber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kämpf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Georgios Kogias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Laura Lacatusu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Charlotte Lugmair
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Stephen Mbu Taku
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Doris Meixner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Nina-Kristin Sembritzki
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Marc Praetner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 82152, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Christina Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Jessica Scholz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Franziska Ulrich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Florian Valenta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Esther Weigand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Markus Werner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Nicole Tay
- The Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Conor J Mc Veigh
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jana Haase
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - An-Li Wang
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Laila Abdel-Hafiz
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Irena Smaga
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Frankowska
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Lena M Marx
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Neeraja Puliparambil Suresh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Essa M Saied
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt University, Berlin 12489, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt University, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Isabel Wank
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Kreitz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen, Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | | | - Daniel N Mitroi
- Centro Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - André M Miranda
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,The Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, CCM, PONS Centre, Charite Mental Health, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Mohamed ZH, Rhein C, Schmid B, Tripal P, Kornhuber J, Arenz C. Synthesis and characterization of a new two photon excitable acid sphingomyelinase FRET probe. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 44:116303. [PMID: 34280850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, FRET probes for acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) have enabled the observation of enzyme activity in intact cells for the first time. Here we present an ASM FRET probe specifically optimized for 2-photon excitation. To facilitate probe characterization and comparison to the previous probe, we mixed the two intact probes with defined amounts of the probes' ceramide cleavage products and mounted them on lipid beads. Directly excited NBD FRET acceptor fluorescene proved to be a useful means of reference and showed that the new probe is brighter, albeit only moderately, than the previous one. The new probe was then used to detect inhibition by various ASM inhibitors microscopically for the first time. Also in cells, directly excited acceptor fluorescence proved to be a useful parameter in addition to FRET to visualize inhibition of ASM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain H Mohamed
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schmid
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen (OICE), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen (OICE), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Rhein C, Zoicas I, Marx LM, Zeitler S, Hepp T, von Zimmermann C, Mühle C, Richter-Schmidinger T, Lenz B, Erim Y, Reichel M, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J. mRNA Expression of SMPD1 Encoding Acid Sphingomyelinase Decreases upon Antidepressant Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115700. [PMID: 34071826 PMCID: PMC8198802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric condition with key symptoms of low mood and lack of motivation, joy, and pleasure. Recently, the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD. ASM is a lysosomal glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, an abundant component of membranes, into the bioactive sphingolipid ceramide, which impacts signaling pathways. ASM activity is inhibited by several common antidepressant drugs. Human and murine studies have confirmed that increased ASM activity and ceramide levels are correlated with MDD. To define a molecular marker for treatment monitoring, we investigated the mRNA expression of SMPD1, which encodes ASM, in primary cell culture models, a mouse study, and a human study with untreated MDD patients before and after antidepressive treatment. Our cell culture study showed that a common antidepressant inhibited ASM activity at the enzymatic level and also at the transcriptional level. In a genetically modified mouse line with depressive-like behavior, Smpd1 mRNA expression in dorsal hippocampal tissue was significantly decreased after treatment with a common antidepressant. The large human study showed that SMPD1 mRNA expression in untreated MDD patients decreased significantly after antidepressive treatment. This translational study shows that SMPD1 mRNA expression could serve as a molecular marker for treatment and adherence monitoring of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.H.); (Y.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-44542
| | - Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Lena M. Marx
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Stefanie Zeitler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Tobias Hepp
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.H.); (Y.E.)
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia von Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.H.); (Y.E.)
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (L.M.M.); (S.Z.); (C.v.Z.); (C.M.); (T.R.-S.); (B.L.); (M.R.); (J.K.)
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Rhein C, Hepp T, Kraus O, von Majewski K, Lieb M, Rohleder N, Erim Y. Interleukin-6 secretion upon acute psychosocial stress as a potential predictor of psychotherapy outcome in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1301-1310. [PMID: 33988765 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe mental disorder that can develop after a traumatic event. PTSD has been reported to be associated with activation of the innate immune system, as measured by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. While it is well known that PTSD patients display increased levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) when compared with healthy controls, the relationship between cytokine secretion and treatment outcome has been hardly investigated yet. The aim of this study was to assess the potential association of inflammatory activation and therapy outcome in PTSD. Before therapeutic intervention, we applied the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) as a method to elicit psychosocial stress and an acute inflammatory response. IL-6 levels were measured in blood plasma of PTSD patients at different time points before and after the TSST. Severity of depressive, trauma-related, and somatic symptoms was assessed before and 8 weeks after trauma-focused treatment in a multimodal day clinic setting. We showed that high reactivity of IL-6 to psychosocial stress at the beginning of the therapy was associated with a negative therapy outcome in PTSD, especially regarding depressive symptoms. This study suggests plasma IL-6 reactivity as a potential molecular marker to predict treatment outcome in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Hepp
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Kraus
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin von Majewski
- Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marietta Lieb
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Chair of Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yesim Erim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Zeitler S, Schumacher F, Monti J, Anni D, Guhathakurta D, Kleuser B, Friedland K, Fejtová A, Kornhuber J, Rhein C. Acid Sphingomyelinase Impacts Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channels 6 (TRPC6) Activity in Primary Neuronal Systems. Cells 2020; 9:E2502. [PMID: 33218173 PMCID: PMC7698877 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
: The acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system exhibits a crucial role in the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). ASM hydrolyzes the abundant membrane lipid sphingomyelin to ceramide that regulates the clustering of membrane proteins via microdomain and lipid raft organization. Several commonly used antidepressants, such as fluoxetine, rely on the functional inhibition of ASM in terms of their antidepressive pharmacological effects. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) ion channels are located in the plasma membrane of neurons and serve as receptors for hyperforin, a phytochemical constituent of the antidepressive herbal remedy St. John's wort. TRPC6 channels are involved in the regulation of neuronal plasticity, which likely contributes to their antidepressant effect. In this work, we investigated the impact of reduced ASM activity on the TRPC6 function in neurons. A lipidomic analysis of cortical brain tissue of ASM deficient mice revealed a decrease in ceramide/sphingomyelin molar ratio and an increase in sphingosine. In neurons with ASM deletion, hyperforin-mediated Ca2+-influx via TRPC6 was decreased. Consequently, downstream activation of nuclear phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) was changed, a transcriptional factor involved in neuronal plasticity. Our study underlines the importance of balanced ASM activity, as well as sphingolipidome composition for optimal TRPC6 function. A better understanding of the interaction of the ASM/ceramide and TRPC6 systems could help to draw conclusions about the pathology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zeitler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Juliana Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Daniela Anni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Debarpan Guhathakurta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Anna Fejtová
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (S.Z.); (J.M.); (D.A.); (D.G.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Rhein C, Mühle C, Lenz B, Richter-Schmidinger T, Kogias G, Boix F, Lourdusamy A, Dörfler A, Peters O, Ramirez A, Jessen F, Maier W, Hüll M, Frölich L, Teipel S, Wiltfang J, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Association of a CAMK2A genetic variant with logical memory performance and hippocampal volume in the elderly. Brain Res Bull 2020; 161:13-20. [PMID: 32418901 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent kinase alpha (αCaMKII) has been shown to play an essential role in synaptic plasticity and in learning and memory in animal models. However, there is little evidence for an involvement in specific memories in humans. Here we tested the potential involvement of the αCaMKII coding gene CAMK2A in verbal logical memory in two Caucasian populations from Germany, in a sample of 209 elderly people with cognitive impairments and a sample of 142 healthy adults. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the genomic region of CAMK2A with verbal logical memory learning and retrieval from the Wechsler Memory Scale was measured and hippocampal volume was assessed by structural MRI. In the elderly people, we found the minor allele of CAMK2A intronic SNP rs919741 to predict a higher hippocampal volume and better logical memory retrieval. This association was not found in healthy adults. The present study may provide evidence for an association of a genetic variant of the CAMK2A gene specifically with retrieval of logical memory in elderly humans. This effect is possibly mediated by a higher hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georgios Kogias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fernando Boix
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Eschenallee 3, DE-14050 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurodegeneration and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hüll
- Emmendingen Center for Psychiatry, Clinic for Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Zoicas I, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Reichel M, Gulbins E, Fejtova A, Kornhuber J, Rhein C. The Forebrain-Specific Overexpression of Acid Sphingomyelinase Induces Depressive-Like Symptoms in Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051244. [PMID: 32443534 PMCID: PMC7290754 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and murine studies identified the lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) as a target for antidepressant therapy and revealed its role in the pathophysiology of major depression. In this study, we generated a mouse model with overexpression of Asm (Asm-tgfb) that is restricted to the forebrain to rule out any systemic effects of Asm overexpression on depressive-like symptoms. The increase in Asm activity was higher in male Asm-tgfb mice than in female Asm-tgfb mice due to the breeding strategy, which allows for the generation of wild-type littermates as appropriate controls. Asm overexpression in the forebrain of male mice resulted in a depressive-like phenotype, whereas in female mice, Asm overexpression resulted in a social anxiogenic-like phenotype. Ceramides in male Asm-tgfb mice were elevated specifically in the dorsal hippocampus. mRNA expression analyses indicated that the increase in Asm activity affected other ceramide-generating pathways, which might help to balance ceramide levels in cortical brain regions. This forebrain-specific mouse model offers a novel tool for dissecting the molecular mechanisms that play a role in the pathophysiology of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Anna Fejtova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (I.Z.); (M.R.); (A.F.); (J.K.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-44542
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11
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Zeitler S, Ye L, Andreyeva A, Schumacher F, Monti J, Nürnberg B, Nowak G, Kleuser B, Reichel M, Fejtová A, Kornhuber J, Rhein C, Friedland K. Acid sphingomyelinase - a regulator of canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) activity. J Neurochem 2019; 150:678-690. [PMID: 31310676 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations propose the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system as a novel target for antidepressant action. ASM catalyzes the breakdown of the abundant membrane lipid sphingomyelin to the lipid messenger ceramide. This ASM-induced lipid modification induces a local shift in membrane properties, which influences receptor clustering and downstream signaling. Canonical transient receptor potential channels 6 (TRPC6) are non-selective cation channels located in the cell membrane that play an important role in dendritic growth, synaptic plasticity and cognition in the brain. They can be activated by hyperforin, an ingredient of the herbal remedy St. John's wort for treatment of depression disorders. Because of their role in the context of major depression, we investigated the crosstalk between the ASM/ceramide system and TRPC6 ion channels in a pheochromocytoma cell line 12 neuronal cell model (PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line). Ca2+ imaging experiments indicated that hyperforin-induced Ca2+ influx through TRPC6 channels is modulated by ASM activity. While antidepressants, known as functional inhibitors of ASM activity, reduced TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ influx, extracellular application of bacterial sphingomyelinase rebalanced TRPC6 activity in a concentration-related way. This effect was confirmed in whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology recordings. Lipidomic analyses revealed a decrease in very long chain ceramide/sphingomyelin molar ratio after ASM inhibition, which was connected with changes in the abundance of TRPC6 channels in flotillin-1-positive lipid rafts as visualized by western blotting. Our data provide evidence that the ASM/ceramide system regulates TRPC6 channels likely by controlling their recruitment to specific lipid subdomains and thereby fine-tuning their physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zeitler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lian Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aksana Andreyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University Clinic, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Juliana Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtová
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Langerbeins P, Bahlo J, Rhein C, Gerwin H, Cramer P, Fürstenau M, Al-Sawaf O, von Tresckow J, Fink A, Kreuzer K, Vehling-Kaiser U, Tausch E, Müller L, Eckart M, Schlag R, Freier W, Gaska T, Balser C, Reiser M, Stauch M, Wendtner C, Fischer K, Stilgenbauer S, Eichhorst B, Hallek M. IBRUTINIB VERSUS PLACEBO IN PATIENTS WITH ASYMPTOMATIC, TREATMENT-NAÏVE EARLY STAGE CLL: PRIMARY ENDPOINT RESULTS OF THE PHASE 3 DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CLL12 TRIAL. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.7_2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Langerbeins
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - J. Bahlo
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - C. Rhein
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - H. Gerwin
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - P. Cramer
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - M. Fürstenau
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - O. Al-Sawaf
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - J. von Tresckow
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - A.M. Fink
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - K. Kreuzer
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | | | - E. Tausch
- Internal Medicine III; University Hospital; Ulm Germany
| | - L. Müller
- Hämatologie und Onkologie; Studienzentrum UnterEms; Leer Germany
| | - M. Eckart
- Hämatologie und Onkologie; Onkologische Schwerpunktpraxis; Erlangen Germany
| | - R. Schlag
- Hämatologie und Onkologie; Gemeinschaftspraxis; Würzburg Germany
| | - W. Freier
- Hämatologie und Onkologie; Medicinum; Hildesheim Germany
| | - T. Gaska
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie; Brüderkrankenhaus St. Josef; Paderborn Germany
| | - C. Balser
- Hämatologie und Onkologie; Internistische Praxis; Marburg Germany
| | - M. Reiser
- PIOH; Praxis Internistischer Onkologie und Hämatologie; Köln Germany
| | - M. Stauch
- Hämatologie; Onkologie, Gerinnung; Ambulantes Zentrum Kronach Germany
| | - C. Wendtner
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Munich Clinic Schwabing; Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - K. Fischer
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - S. Stilgenbauer
- Internal Medicine I; University of Saarland; Homburg Germany
| | - B. Eichhorst
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
| | - M. Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine and Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn; University Hospital; Cologne Germany
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13
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Sopel N, Kölle J, Dumendiak S, Koch S, Reichel M, Rhein C, Kornhuber J, Finotto S. Immunoregulatory role of acid sphingomyelinase in allergic asthma. Immunology 2019; 156:373-383. [PMID: 30556232 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is one of the enzymes that catalyzes the breakdown of sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphorylcholine. In this study, we aimed at elucidating the role of ASM in allergic asthma. We used an ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma where we compared wild-type and ASM-deficient mice. In wild-type mice, secretory ASM activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was increased in the acute ovalbumin model, but not in a tolerogenic model. Furthermore, in the absence of ASM, the serum IgE level was reduced, compared with wild-type mice, while an accumulation of interstitial macrophages and foreign antigen-induced regulatory T cells along with exhausted CD4+ PD1+ T cells was observed in the lungs of ASM-/- mice. In conclusion, in the absence of ASM, we observed an accumulation of immunosuppressive antigen-induced regulatory T cells expressing Foxp3 and CTLA4 in the lung as well as multinucleated interstitial macrophages and exhausted CD4+ PD1+ T cells associated with inhibition of serum IgE in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sopel
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Kölle
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Dumendiak
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja Koch
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Nephrologische Forschungslaboratorien, Medizinische Klinik m. S. Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Mohamed ZH, Rhein C, Saied EM, Kornhuber J, Arenz C. FRET probes for measuring sphingolipid metabolizing enzyme activity. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 216:152-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Rhein C, Löber S, Gmeiner P, Gulbins E, Tripal P, Kornhuber J. Derivatization of common antidepressant drugs increases inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase and reduces induction of phospholipidosis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1837-1845. [PMID: 30191367 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent studies, major depressive disorder (MDD) was linked to an increase in acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. Several drugs that are commonly used to treat MDD functionally inhibit the lysosomal enzyme ASM and are called functional inhibitors of ASM (FIASMAs). These drugs are classified as cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) that influence the catalytic activities of different lysosomal enzymes. This action results in the side effect of phospholipidosis (PLD), which describes a detrimental increase in the phospholipid content in lysosomes. FIASMAs differ only slightly in their physico-chemical properties, but their effects on ASM activity and induction of the lysosomal phospholipid content vary significantly. In this study, we systematically induced minor chemical modifications to the FIASMAs imipramine, desipramine and fluoxetine. We generated a library of 45 new CADs with slightly different log P (logarithmic partition coefficient) and pKa (logarithmic acid dissociation constant) values. The effects of the compounds on the ASM activity and lysosomal phospholipid content were assessed in cell culture assays. We identified four compounds with beneficial effects, i.e., increased ASM activity inhibition and reduced PLD induction compared with the original drugs. The compounds HT04, RH272B and RH272D outperformed the original imipramine, whereas RH281A performed better than desipramine. Thus, minor chemical variations of CADs impact lysosomal metabolism in a specific manner and can lead to antidepressant drugs with less deleterious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Löber
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen (OICE), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Newcomb B, Rhein C, Mileva I, Ahmad R, Clarke CJ, Snider J, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. Identification of an acid sphingomyelinase ceramide kinase pathway in the regulation of the chemokine CCL5. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1219-1229. [PMID: 29724781 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m084202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to produce the biologically active lipid ceramide. Previous studies have implicated ASM in the induction of the chemokine CCL5 in response to TNF-α however, the lipid mediator of this effect was not established. In the present study, we identified a novel pathway connecting ASM and ceramide kinase (CERK). The results show that TNF-α induces the formation of ceramide 1-phosphate (C-1-P) in a CERK-dependent manner. Silencing of CERK blocks CCL5 production in response to TNF-α. Interestingly, cells lacking ASM have decreased C-1-P production following TNF-α treatment, suggesting that ASM may be acting upstream of CERK. Functionally, ASM and CERK induce a highly concordant program of cytokine production and both are required for migration of breast cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest ASM can produce ceramide which is then converted to C-1-P by CERK, and that C-1-P is required for production of CCL5 and several cytokines and chemokines, with roles in cell migration. These results highlight the diversity in action of ASM through more than one bioactive sphingolipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Newcomb
- Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Izolda Mileva
- Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Innovative Cell Therapy Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Justin Snider
- Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794.,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 .,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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17
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Reichel M, Rhein C, Hofmann LM, Monti J, Japtok L, Langgartner D, Füchsl AM, Kleuser B, Gulbins E, Hellerbrand C, Reber SO, Kornhuber J. Chronic Psychosocial Stress in Mice Is Associated With Increased Acid Sphingomyelinase Activity in Liver and Serum and With Hepatic C16:0-Ceramide Accumulation. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:496. [PMID: 30386262 PMCID: PMC6198178 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress adversely affects human morbidity and is a risk factor for inflammatory disorders, liver diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and major depressive disorder (MDD). In recent studies, we found an association of MDD with an increase of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. Thus, we asked whether chronic psychosocial stress as a detrimental factor contributing to the emergence of MDD would also affect ASM activity and sphingolipid (SL) metabolism. To induce chronic psychosocial stress in male mice we employed the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm and compared them to non-stressed single housed control (SHC) mice. We determined Asm activity in liver and serum, hepatic SL concentrations as well as hepatic mRNA expression of genes involved in SL metabolism. We found that hepatic Asm activity was increased by 28% (P = 0.006) and secretory Asm activity by 47% (P = 0.002) in stressed mice. C16:0-Cer was increased by 40% (P = 0.008). Gene expression analysis further revealed an increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (P = 0.009) and of several genes involved in SL metabolism (Cers5, P = 0.028; Cers6, P = 0.045; Gba, P = 0.049; Gba2, P = 0.030; Ormdl2, P = 0.034; Smpdl3B; P = 0.013). Our data thus provides first evidence that chronic psychosocial stress, at least in mice, induces alterations in SL metabolism, which in turn might be involved in mediating the adverse health effects of chronic psychosocial stress and peripheral changes occurring in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena M Hofmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliana Monti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukasz Japtok
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea M Füchsl
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Rhein C, Reichel M, Kramer M, Rotter A, Lenz B, Mühle C, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J. Alternative splicing of SMPD1 coding for acid sphingomyelinase in major depression. J Affect Disord 2017; 209:10-15. [PMID: 27866044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by key symptoms that include depressed mood and a loss of interest and pleasure. A recently developed pathogenic model of MDD involves disturbed neurogenesis in the hippocampus, where the acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)/ceramide system plays an important role and is proposed as a molecular target for antidepressant action. Because alternative splicing of SMPD1 mRNA, coding for ASM, is relevant for the regulation of ASM enzymatic activity, we investigated the frequency of alternatively spliced ASM isoforms in peripheral blood cells of MDD patients versus healthy controls. METHODS Because the full-length transcript variant 1 of SMPD1 (termed ASM-1) is the only known form within the splicing pattern that encodes an enzymatically fully active ASM, we determined a fraction of splice isoforms deviating from ASM-1 using PCR amplification and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence analysis. RESULTS ASM alternative splicing events occurred significantly less frequently in MDD patients compared to healthy subjects. After 5 days of antidepressant treatment, the frequency of alternatively spliced ASM isoforms decreased in those patients who were treated with a functional inhibitor of ASM activity (FIASMA) but remained constant in MDD patients treated with other antidepressant drugs. This effect was more pronounced when healthy male volunteers were treated with the FIASMAs fluoxetine or paroxetine, in contrast to a placebo group. LIMITATIONS Patients were treated with different antidepressant drugs, depending on individual parameters and disease courses. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the ASM alternative splicing pattern could be a biological target with diagnostic relevance and could serve as a novel biomarker for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcel Kramer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Rotter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Mühle C, Kreczi J, Rhein C, Richter-Schmidinger T, Alexopoulos P, Doerfler A, Lenz B, Kornhuber J. Additive sex-specific influence of common non-synonymous DISC1 variants on amygdala, basal ganglia, and white cortical surface area in healthy young adults. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:881-894. [PMID: 27369464 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) gene is known for its role in the development of mental disorders. It is also involved in neurodevelopment, cognition, and memory. To investigate the association between DISC1 variants and brain morphology, we analyzed the influence of the three common non-synonymous polymorphisms in DISC1 on specific brain structures in healthy young adults. The volumes of brain regions were determined in 145 subjects by magnetic resonance imaging and automated analysis using FreeSurfer. Genotyping was performed by high resolution melting of amplified products. In an additive genetic model, rs6675281 (Leu607Phe), rs3738401 (Arg264Gln), and rs821616 (Ser704Cys) significantly explained the volume variance of the amygdala (p = 0.007) and the pallidum (p = 0.004). A higher cumulative portion of minor alleles was associated with larger volumes of the amygdala (p = 0.005), the pallidum (p = 0.001), the caudate (p = 0.024), and the putamen (p = 0.007). Sex-stratified analysis revealed a strong genetic effect of rs6675281 on putamen and pallidum in females but not in males and an opposite influence of rs3738401 on the white cortical surface in females compared to males. The strongest single association was found for rs821616 and the amygdala volume in male subjects (p < 0.001). No effect was detected for the nucleus accumbens. We report-to our knowledge-for the first time a significant and sex-specific influence of common DISC1 variants on volumes of the basal ganglia, the amygdala and on the cortical surface area. Our results demonstrate that the additive model of all three polymorphisms outperforms their single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jakob Kreczi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Kornhuber J, Rhein C, Müller CP, Mühle C. Secretory sphingomyelinase in health and disease. Biol Chem 2016; 396:707-36. [PMID: 25803076 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism, hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphorylcholine. In mammals, the expression of a single gene, SMPD1, results in two forms of the enzyme that differ in several characteristics. Lysosomal ASM (L-ASM) is located within the lysosome, requires no additional Zn2+ ions for activation and is glycosylated mainly with high-mannose oligosaccharides. By contrast, the secretory ASM (S-ASM) is located extracellularly, requires Zn2+ ions for activation, has a complex glycosylation pattern and has a longer in vivo half-life. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the physiology and pathophysiology of S-ASM, including its sources and distribution, molecular and cellular mechanisms of generation and regulation and relevant in vitro and in vivo studies. Polymorphisms or mutations of SMPD1 lead to decreased S-ASM activity, as detected in patients with Niemann-Pick disease B. Thus, lower serum/plasma activities of S-ASM are trait markers. No genetic causes of increased S-ASM activity have been identified. Instead, elevated activity is the result of enhanced release (e.g., induced by lipopolysaccharide and cytokine stimulation) or increased enzyme activation (e.g., induced by oxidative stress). Increased S-ASM activity in serum or plasma is a state marker of a wide range of diseases. In particular, high S-ASM activity occurs in inflammation of the endothelium and liver. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between S-ASM activity and mortality induced by severe inflammatory diseases. Serial measurements of S-ASM reveal prolonged activation and, therefore, the measurement of this enzyme may also provide information on past inflammatory processes. Thus, S-ASM may be both a promising clinical chemistry marker and a therapeutic target.
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21
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Rhein C, Mühle C, Kornhuber J, Reichel M. Alleged Detrimental Mutations in the SMPD1 Gene in Patients with Niemann-Pick Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13649-52. [PMID: 26084044 PMCID: PMC4490514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene are associated with decreased catalytic activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) and are the cause of the autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) types A and B. Currently, >100 missense mutations in SMPD1 are listed in the Human Gene Mutation Database. However, not every sequence variation in SMPD1 is detrimental and gives rise to NPD. We have analysed several alleged SMPD1 missense mutations mentioned in a recent publication and found them to be common variants of SMPD1 that give rise to normal in vivo and in vitro ASM activity. (Comment on Manshadi et al. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 6668-6676).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Reichel M, Richter-Schmidinger T, Mühle C, Rhein C, Alexopoulos P, Schwab SG, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J. The common acid sphingomyelinase polymorphism p.G508R is associated with self-reported allergy. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014; 34:82-91. [PMID: 24977483 DOI: 10.1159/000362986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a key regulator of ceramide-dependent signalling pathways. Among others, activation of ASM can be induced by CD95 or cytokine signalling and by cellular stress resulting from inflammation or infection. Increased ASM activity was observed in a variety of human diseases including inflammatory and neuropsychiatric disorders. We hypothesized that basal ASM activity might influence the susceptibility for common human diseases. METHODS The general health condition of 100 young people was assessed using a questionnaire. The ASM polymorphism rs1050239 (c.1522G>A; encoding p.G508R) was determined from genomic DNA. Activities of secretory (S-) and lysosomal (L-) ASM were measured in blood plasma and peripheral blood cells respectively. RESULTS The polymorphism rs1050239 was significantly associated with self-reported allergy (p=4.68×10(-4); adjusted p-value for multiple testing 0.007). Allergy was more prevalent in carriers of the minor A allele compared to non-carriers (p=0.00015; odds ratio=6.5, 95% CI 2.15-21.7). S-ASM activity was significantly associated with rs1050239 (p=5.3×10(-7)) and decreased with the number of A alleles in a gene-dosage dependent manner. In allergic patients, S-ASM activity was moderately decreased (p=0.034). L-ASM activity was significantly lower in subjects homozygous for the minor A allele (p=0.025) but not different between allergic and non-allergic subjects (p=0.318). CONCLUSION Our analysis provides evidence for an involvement of ASM in the pathophysiology of allergy, which is in line with previous reports addressing the role of sphingolipids in this disorder. Further studies should clarify the mechanism linking rs1050239 to allergy. The ASM pathway might be useful for predicting allergic disposition and disease course and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Rhein C, Mühle C, Richter-Schmidinger T, Alexopoulos P, Doerfler A, Kornhuber J. Neuroanatomical correlates of intelligence in healthy young adults: the role of basal ganglia volume. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93623. [PMID: 24699871 PMCID: PMC3974758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In neuropsychiatric diseases with basal ganglia involvement, higher cognitive functions are often impaired. In this exploratory study, we examined healthy young adults to gain detailed insight into the relationship between basal ganglia volume and cognitive abilities under non-pathological conditions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated 137 healthy adults that were between the ages of 21 and 35 years with similar educational backgrounds. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, and volumes of basal ganglia nuclei in both hemispheres were calculated using FreeSurfer software. The cognitive assessment consisted of verbal, numeric and figural aspects of intelligence for either the fluid or the crystallised intelligence factor using the intelligence test Intelligenz-Struktur-Test (I-S-T 2000 R). Our data revealed significant correlations of the caudate nucleus and pallidum volumes with figural and numeric aspects of intelligence, but not with verbal intelligence. Interestingly, figural intelligence associations were dependent on sex and intelligence factor; in females, the pallidum volumes were correlated with crystallised figural intelligence (r = 0.372, p = 0.01), whereas in males, the caudate volumes were correlated with fluid figural intelligence (r = 0.507, p = 0.01). Numeric intelligence was correlated with right-lateralised caudate nucleus volumes for both females and males, but only for crystallised intelligence (r = 0.306, p = 0.04 and r = 0.459, p = 0.04, respectively). The associations were not mediated by prefrontal cortical subfield volumes when controlling with partial correlation analyses. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The findings of our exploratory analysis indicate that figural and numeric intelligence aspects, but not verbal aspects, are strongly associated with basal ganglia volumes. Unlike numeric intelligence, the type of figural intelligence appears to be related to distinct basal ganglia nuclei in a sex-specific manner. Subcortical brain structures thus may contribute substantially to cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Rhein C, Reichel M, Mühle C, Rotter A, Schwab SG, Kornhuber J. Secretion of Acid Sphingomyelinase is Affected by its Polymorphic Signal Peptide. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014; 34:1385-401. [DOI: 10.1159/000366345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Rhein C, Mühle C, Richter-Schmidinger T, Reichel M, Alexopoulos A, Kornhuber J. Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive performance in healthy young adults: the role of basal ganglia volume. Pharmacopsychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Rhein C, Naumann J, Mühle C, Zill P, Adli M, Hegerl U, Hiemke C, Mergl R, Möller HJ, Reichel M, Kornhuber J. The Acid Sphingomyelinase Sequence Variant p.A487V Is Not Associated With Decreased Levels of Enzymatic Activity. JIMD Rep 2012; 8:1-6. [PMID: 23430512 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2012_147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare loss-of-function mutations in the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) gene are known to dramatically decrease the catalytic activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), resulting in an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder known as Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) type A and B. In contrast to the general low frequency of those deleterious mutations, we found a relatively high frequency for the proposed type B NPD variant c.1460C>T (p.A487V) in our sample of 58 patients suffering from Major Depressive Disorder. We therefore investigated the biochemical consequences of this variant more closely. Our in vivo data derived from blood cell analyses indicated cellular ASM activity levels in the normal range. The secreted ASM activity levels in blood plasma were slightly lower, but still above those levels reported for type B NPD patients. In vitro expression studies of this ASM variant in different cell lines confirmed these results, showing cellular and secreted enzymatic activities equivalent to those of wild-type ASM and similar expression levels. Thus, we conclude that the ASM variant c.1460C>T (p.A487V) is not a rare missense mutation but an SMPD1 sequence variant that yields a protein with functional catalytic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, D-91054, Germany
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27
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Rhein C, Tripal P, Seebahn A, Konrad A, Kramer M, Nagel C, Kemper J, Bode J, Mühle C, Gulbins E, Reichel M, Becker CM, Kornhuber J. Functional implications of novel human acid sphingomyelinase splice variants. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35467. [PMID: 22558155 PMCID: PMC3338701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) hydrolyses sphingomyelin and generates the lipid messenger ceramide, which mediates a variety of stress-related cellular processes. The pathological effects of dysregulated ASM activity are evident in several human diseases and indicate an important functional role for ASM regulation. We investigated alternative splicing as a possible mechanism for regulating cellular ASM activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We identified three novel ASM splice variants in human cells, termed ASM-5, -6 and -7, which lack portions of the catalytic- and/or carboxy-terminal domains in comparison to full-length ASM-1. Differential expression patterns in primary blood cells indicated that ASM splicing might be subject to regulatory processes. The newly identified ASM splice variants were catalytically inactive in biochemical in vitro assays, but they decreased the relative cellular ceramide content in overexpression studies and exerted a dominant-negative effect on ASM activity in physiological cell models. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that alternative splicing of ASM is of functional significance for the cellular stress response, possibly representing a mechanism for maintaining constant levels of cellular ASM enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Rhein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angela Seebahn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Centre, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alice Konrad
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcel Kramer
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research – Fritz Lipmann Institute and Center for Sepsis Control and Care at Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonas Kemper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Bode
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cord-Michael Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Centre, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Alexopoulos P, Richter-Schmidinger T, Horn M, Maus S, Reichel M, Sidiropoulos C, Rhein C, Lewczuk P, Doerfler A, Kornhuber J. Hippocampal volume differences between healthy young apolipoprotein E ε2 and ε4 carriers. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 26:207-10. [PMID: 21606569 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the major genetic risk factor for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas the presence of the APOE ε2 allele seems to confer protection. Here, we report that healthy young APOE ε4 carriers have statistically significantly smaller hippocampal volumes than APOE ε2 carriers, while no differences were detected between the two groups in memory performance. The difference in hippocampal morphology is cognitively/clinically silent in young adulthood, but could render APOE ε4 carriers more prone to the later development of AD possibly due to lower reserve cognitive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Kornhuber J, Tripal P, Reichel M, Mühle C, Rhein C, Muehlbacher M, Groemer TW, Gulbins E. Functional Inhibitors of Acid Sphingomyelinase (FIASMAs): A Novel Pharmacological Group of Drugs with Broad Clinical Applications. Cell Physiol Biochem 2010; 26:9-20. [DOI: 10.1159/000315101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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30
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Alexopoulos P, Horn M, Maus S, Richter-Schmidinger T, Reichel M, Rhein C, Kornhuber J. Activity of Acid Sphingomyelinase in relation to Hippocampal volume and memory function in young healthy females. Eur Psychiatry 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.01.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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31
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Rhein C. [Development of animal welfare legislation for the European Community]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2002; 109:84-5. [PMID: 11963366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Animal welfare is of increasing importance for the European Community, which is reinforced by the Protocol to the EC Treaty on protection and welfare of animals. After the recent improvements to the legislation on the protection of pigs, the next priority for the Commission is the further development of the standards of animal transportation, particularly since a report of the Commission pointed out shortcomings in the enforcement of the existing rules in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rhein
- Europäische Kommission, DG Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz-EZ, B-1049 Brüssel
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Fukunaga S, Karck M, Harringer W, Cremer J, Rhein C, Haverich A. The use of gelatin-resorcin-formalin glue in acute aortic dissection type A. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15:564-9; discussion 570. [PMID: 10386398 DOI: 10.1016/s1010-7940(99)00084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Gelatin-resorcin-formalin (GRF) glue is widely used in the surgical treatment of dissecting aneurysms. This paper is focused on our experience with the GRF glue in cases, operated for acute aortic dissection type A. METHODS Between September 1990 and December 1997, 164 patients were operated on for acute aortic dissection type A. In 148 patients GRF was used to reinforce the dissected layers proximal (n = 106) or distal (n = 144) of the grafted aortic segment. An intervention at the aortic valve was necessary in 93 instances. In 111 patients, an open distal anastomosis for replacement of the proximal aortic arch was performed. Thirty-seven additional patients underwent subtotal or total aortic arch replacement. RESULTS Early postoperative mortality was 26.2% (43/164 patients). Another 16 patients died late postoperatively. Actuarial survival rates are 69.9% at 1 year, 62.5% at 3 years, 59.4% at 5 years and 56.1% at 7 years, post-operatively. Twenty-two reoperations were performed in 20 patients (16.5%). Nine of these patients had developed complications in aortic segments that underwent reconstruction by use of GRF during the primary intervention. Aortic root redissection was found in 7/9 patients intraoperatively, whereas 1/9 patients presented with a rupture near the distal graft to aortic anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of GRF glue has greatly facilitated the reconstruction of dissected aortic wall layers adjacent to the vascular graft. However, the use of the adhesive for aortic root reconstruction in acute aortic dissection type A may bear a significant risk of late postoperative proximal aortic redissection. Complications associated with the GRF glue are likely to be due to the toxic effects of the formalin component. Therefore, care should be taken that the amount of formalin administered to the glue components remains as low as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fukunaga
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Surgical center, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Latrive JP, Barbare JC, Bonnard P, Messerschmitt C, Diab G, Rhein C. [PGA index: a way to screen for portal hypertension in an asymptomatic alcoholic patient]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1998; 22:977-9. [PMID: 9881283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Heim M, Rhein C. [Early dyskinesia with administration of clozapine (Leponex)]. Nervenarzt 1994; 65:486-7. [PMID: 7800094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A 51-year old, female patient suffering from schizophrenic disorder was treated with clozapine (Leponex). Four hours after the first parenteral, drug administration, she developed an acute dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heim
- Sächsisches Krankenaus für Psychiatrie und Neurologie, Arnsdorf bei Dresden
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Abstract
Prevalence of hypertension and relation of hypertension to renal function, type of glomerulonephritis or histological features were evaluated in 311 patients with idiopathic chronic glomerulonephritis. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 49.8%. At least in women, prevalence of hypertension was increased even at serum creatinine levels less than 1.1 mg dl-1 compared with the local general population. Prevalence of hypertension was 2.12 and 8.6 fold higher at serum creatinine 1.1-1.4 mg dl-1 in males and females respectively. In patients with untreated hypertension, a relation was found between mean blood pressure and subsequent decline of estimated GFR. Furthermore, in patients with arterial sclerosis, but not in patients without, a significant relation was found between blood pressure and subsequent increase in serum creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rambausek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Würzburg, FRG
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