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Du J, Gunnerson KJ, Bassin BS, Meldrum C, Hyzy RC. Effect of an emergency department intensive care unit on medical intensive unit admissions and care: A retrospective cohort study. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 46:27-33. [PMID: 33714051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the impact of an emergency critical care center (EC3) on the admissions of critically ill patients to a critical care medicine unit (CCMU) and their outcomes. METHODS This was a retrospective before/after cohort study in a tertiary university teaching hospital. To improve the care of critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED), a 9-bed EC3 was opened in the ED in February 2015. All critically ill patients in the emergency department must receive intensive support in EC3 before being considered for admission to the CCMU for further treatment. Patients from the emergency department account for a significant proportion of the patients admitted to the CCMU. The proportions of patients admitted to the CCMU from the ED were analyzed 1 year before and 1 year after the opening of the EC3. We also compared the admission data, demographic data, APACHE III scores and patient outcomes among patients admitted from ED to the CCMU in the year before and the year after the opening of the EC3. RESULT The establishment of the EC3 was associated with a decreased proportion of patients admitted to the CCMU from the ED (OR 0.73 95% CI 0.63-0.84, p < 0.01), a decrease in the proportion of patients with sepsis admitted from the ED (OR 0.68, 95% CI, 0.54-0.87, p < 0.01) and a decrease in the proportion of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding admitted from the ED (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28-0.84, p < 0.05). Following the establishment of the EC3, patients admitted to the CCMU had a higher APACHE III score in 2015 (74.85 ± 30.42 vs 72.39 ± 29.64, p = 0.015). Fewer low-risk patients were admitted to the CCMU for monitoring following the opening of the EC3 (112 [6.8%] vs. 181 [9.3%], p < 0.01). Propensity score matching analysis showed that the opening of the EC3 was associated with improved 60-day survival (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70-0.99, p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Following the opening of the EC3, the proportion of CCMU admissions from the ED decreased. The EC3 may be most effective at reducing the admission of lower-acuity patients with GI bleeding and possibly sepsis. The EC3 may be associated with improved survival in ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Du
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, The University of Michigan Health System, MI, USA; Shanghai General Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kyle J Gunnerson
- Emergency Department, The University of Michigan Health System, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin S Bassin
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, The University of Michigan Health System, MI, USA
| | - Craig Meldrum
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, The University of Michigan Health System, MI, USA
| | - Robert C Hyzy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, The University of Michigan Health System, MI, USA.
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Engoren M, Maile MD, Heung M, Blum JM, Blank R, Napolitano LM, Park PK, Raghavendran K, Jewell ES, Meldrum C. The effect of timing of initiation of renal replacement therapy on mortality: A retrospective case-control study. J Intensive Care Soc 2019; 22:8-16. [PMID: 33643427 DOI: 10.1177/1751143719892792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if earlier initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is associated with improved survival in patients with severe acute kidney injury. Methods We performed a retrospective case-control study of propensity-matched groups with multivariable logistic regression using Akaike Information Criteria to adjust for non-matched variables in a surgical ICU in a tertiary care hospital. Results We matched 169 of 205 (82%) patients with new initiation of RRT (EARLY group) to 169 similar patients who did not initiate RRT on that day (DEFERRED group). Eighteen (11%) of DEFERRED eventually received RRT before discharge. By univariate analysis, ICU mortality was higher in EARLY (n = 60 (36%) vs. n = 23 (14%), p < 0.001) as was hospital mortality (n = 73 (43%) vs. n = 44 (26%), p = 0.001). Of the 18 RRT patients in DEFERRED, 12 (67%) died in ICU and 13 (72%) in hospital. After propensity matching and logistic regression, we found that EARLY initiation of RRT was associated with a more than doubling of ICU mortality (aOR = 2.310, 95% confidence interval = 1.254-4.257, p = 0.007). However, after similar adjustment, there was no difference in hospital mortality (aOR = 1.283, 95% CI = 0.753-2.186, p = 0.360). Conclusions While ICU mortality was increased in the EARLY group, there was no difference in hospital mortality between EARLY and DEFERRED groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo Engoren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Maile
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Heung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James M Blum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ross Blank
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Pauline K Park
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth S Jewell
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Craig Meldrum
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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3
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Scott R, Dooley S, Lewis W, Meldrum C, Pockney P, Draganic B, Smith S, Jones F, Hewitt C, Phillimore H, Lucas A, Shi E, Namdarian K, Chan T, Acosta D, Chan SP, Fox S. P-273 Concordance of RAS mutation status in CRC patients by comparison of results from circulating tumour DNA and tissue-based testing. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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4
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Bennetts B, Caramins M, Hsu A, Lau C, Mead S, Meldrum C, Smith T, Suthers G, Taylor G, Cotton R, Tyrrell V. Quality standards for DNA sequence variation databases to improve clinical management under development in Australia. Appl Transl Genom 2014; 3:54-57. [PMID: 27294016 PMCID: PMC4888016 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the routine nature of comparing sequence variations identified during clinical testing to database records, few databases meet quality requirements for clinical diagnostics. To address this issue, The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) in collaboration with the Human Genetics Society of Australasia (HGSA), and the Human Variome Project (HVP) is developing standards for DNA sequence variation databases intended for use in the Australian clinical environment. The outputs of this project will be promoted to other health systems and accreditation bodies by the Human Variome Project to support the development of similar frameworks in other jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bennetts
- Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - M. Caramins
- SDS Pathology, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - A. Hsu
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - C. Lau
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, 207 Albion Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - S. Mead
- South Eastern Sydney Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - C. Meldrum
- Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - T.D. Smith
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Human Variome Project International, Level 5, 234 Queensberry Street, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - G. Suthers
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, SA 5008, Australia
| | - G.R. Taylor
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - R.G.H. Cotton
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Human Variome Project International, Level 5, 234 Queensberry Street, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - V. Tyrrell
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, 207 Albion Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
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5
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Ronan A, Ingrey A, Meldrum C, Cala A, Vuletic J, Silberberg J. The ‘virtual’ genetic heart disease clinic - a model for emerging services. Heart Lung Circ 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wong-Brown MW, McPhillips ML, Hipwell M, Pecenpetelovska G, Dooley S, Meldrum C, Scott RJ. cDNA analysis of the BRCA1 unclassified variant c.5194-12G>A. Clin Genet 2013; 84:505-6. [PMID: 23278966 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M W Wong-Brown
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Centre for Information-Based Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Vilain RE, Dudding T, Braye SG, Groombridge C, Meldrum C, Spigelman AD, Ackland S, Ashman L, Scott RJ. Can a familial gastrointestinal tumour syndrome be allelic with Waardenburg syndrome? Clin Genet 2011; 79:554-60. [PMID: 20636395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Familial gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare but otherwise well-characterized tumour syndromes, most commonly occurring on a background of germline-activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase receptor c-KIT. The associated clinical spectrum reflects the constitutive activation of this gene product across a number of cell lines, generating gain-of-function phenotypes in interstitial cells of Cajal (GIST and dysphagia), mast cells (mastocytosis) and melanocytes (hyperpigmentation). We report a three-generation kindred harbouring a c-KIT germline-activating mutation resulting in multifocal GISTs, dysphagia and a complex melanocyte hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation disorder, the latter with features typical of those observed in Waardenburg type 2 syndrome (WS2F). Sequencing of genes known to be causative for WS [microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF), Pax3, Sox10, SNAI2 ] failed to show any candidate mutations to explain this complex cutaneous depigmentation phenotype. Our case report conclusively expands the clinical spectrum of familial GISTs and shows a hitherto unrecognized link to WS. Possible mechanisms responsible for this novel cause of WS2F will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Vilain
- Hunter Area Pathology Service, Hunter New England Health Service, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Alsop K, Fereday S, Meldrum C, deFazio A, Webb P, Birrer MJ, Friedlander M, Fox SB, Bowtell D, Mitchell G. Germ-line BRCA mutations in high-grade ovarian cancer: A case for routine BRCA mutation screening after a diagnosis of invasive ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.5026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Cherry-Bukowiec JR, Denchev K, Dickinson S, Chenoweth CE, Zalewski C, Meldrum C, Sihler KC, Brunsvold ME, Papadimos TJ, Park PK, Napolitano LM. Prevention of Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infection: Back to Basics? Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2011; 12:27-32. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2009.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krassimir Denchev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Craig Meldrum
- Department of Clinical Affairs, University of Michigan
| | - Kristen C. Sihler
- Department of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | - Pauline K. Park
- Department of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lena M. Napolitano
- Department of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Talseth-Palmer B, Bowden N, Meldrum C, Nicholl J, Thompson E, Friend K, Liebelt J, Bratkovic D, Haan E, Yu S, Scott R. A 1q44 deletion, paternal UPD of chromosome 2 and a deletion due to a complex translocation detected in children with abnormal phenotypes using new SNP array technology. Cytogenet Genome Res 2009; 124:94-101. [DOI: 10.1159/000200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Foster R, Byrnes E, Meldrum C, Griffith R, Ross G, Upjohn E, Braue A, Scott R, Varigos G, Ferrao P, Ashman LK. Association of paediatric mastocytosis with a polymorphism resulting in an amino acid substitution (M541L) in the transmembrane domain of c-KIT. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:1160-9. [PMID: 18795925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor tyrosine kinase c-KIT plays a key role in normal mast cell development. Point mutations in c-KIT have been associated with sporadic or familial mastocytosis. OBJECTIVES Two unrelated pairs of apparently identical twins affected by cutaneous mastocytosis attending the Mastocytosis Clinic at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, provided an opportunity to assess the possible contribution of c-KIT germline mutations or polymorphisms in this disease. METHODS Tissue biopsy, blood and/or buccal swab specimens were collected from 10 children with mastocytosis. To detect germline mutations/polymorphisms in c-KIT, we studied all coding exons by denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography. Exons showing mismatches were examined by direct sequencing. The influence of the substitution identified was further examined by expressing the variant form of c-KIT in factor-dependent FDC-P1 cells. RESULTS In both pairs of twins, a heterozygous ATG to CTG transition in codon 541 was observed, resulting in the substitution of a methionine residue in the transmembrane domain by leucine (M541L). In each case, one parent was also heterozygous for this allele. Expression of M541L KIT in FDC-P1 cells enabled them to grow in human KIT ligand (stem cell factor, SCF) but did not confer factor independence. Compared with cells expressing wild-type KIT at a similar level, M541L KIT-expressing cells displayed enhanced growth at low levels of SCF, and heightened sensitivity to the KIT inhibitor, imatinib mesylate. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the single nucleotide polymorphism resulting in the substitution M541L may predispose to paediatric mastocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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12
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Gibson PG, Wark PAB, Simpson JL, Meldrum C, Meldrum S, Saltos N, Boyle M. Induced sputum IL-8 gene expression, neutrophil influx and MMP-9 in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Eur Respir J 2003; 21:582-8. [PMID: 12762339 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity reaction to the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, causing severe asthma that may progress to bronchiectasis. Sputum neutrophilia can occur in association with sputum eosinophilia and correlates with the degree of bronchiectasis. The mechanisms of sputum neutrophilia in ABPA are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 in sputum neutrophilia in ABPA. Induced sputum was obtained from subjects with ABPA (n=29), and compared to nonsensitised asthma (n=9) and healthy controls (n=21). Semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess IL-8 gene expression in induced sputum and IL-8 protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sputum IL-8 protein was significantly higher in ABPA compared to asthma and controls. IL-8 messenger ribonucleic acid/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ratio was elevated in ABPA compared to asthma and controls. Sputum IL-8 correlated with sputum neutrophils, matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels and forced expiratory volume in one second. Interleukin-8 gene expression and protein release were increased in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and correlated with airway neutrophilia and airway obstruction. The interleukin-8-mediated neutrophil influx in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis may induce lung damage via release of matrix metalloproteinase-9, potentially leading to bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Gibson
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital and School of Medical Practice and Population Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterised by the presence of profuse colonic carpeting of adenomas throughout the entire colon and rectum. The genetic basis of FAP has been shown to be primarily associated with germline mutations in the APC gene. Notwithstanding, several reports have been published indicating that there is genetic heterogeneity in FAP and that the most likely explanation is the existence of another gene. In this report we further delineate the genotype/phenotype correlation in families that harbour germline mutations in the APC gene and identify some previously unreported changes in the APC gene which predispose to an attenuated disease phenotype. From 53 index patients diagnosed with either FAP or attenuated FAP, 27 harboured changes in the APC gene. The remaining 26 patients were further subgrouped according to their colonic phenotype. There were nine patients with a mixed hyperplastic/adenomatous colonic phenotype and there were 17 patients with an adenomatous colonic phenotype. Evaluation of the disease characteristics of these patients and their families is presented which may aid in the identification of new genes associated with colonic polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Scott
- Hunter Area Pathology Service, Locked Bag No 1, Hunter Regional Mail Centre, Newcastle NSW 2310, Australia.
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14
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Abstract
In human cancers, the co-operative role between cell-adhesion receptors and proteases capable of degrading matrix barriers remains poorly understood. We have previously reported that the epithelium-restricted integrin alpha(v)beta6 becomes highly expressed in colon cancer compared with normal mucosa and that heterologous expression of alpha(v)beta6 in colon cancer cells is associated with enhanced cell growth. Herein, we report that alpha(v)beta6 expression in colon cancer cells leads to a relative increase in secretion of the matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase B over its respective inhibitor and that this secretion parallels the level of cell-surface beta6 expression. The alpha(v)beta6-mediated gelatinase B secretion is associated with increased proteolysis of denatured collagen at the cell surface, and inactivation of gelatinase B in beta6-expressing tumour cells inhibits cell spreading and proliferation within 3-dimensional collagen matrices. Our findings suggest that alpha(v)beta6-mediated gelatinase B secretion is important in the progression of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agrez
- Discipline of Surgical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
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15
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Agrez M, Gu X, Turton J, Meldrum C, Niu J, Antalis T, Howard EW. The alpha v beta 6 integrin induces gelatinase B secretion in colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer 1999. [PMID: 10077158 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990331)81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In human cancers, the co-operative role between cell-adhesion receptors and proteases capable of degrading matrix barriers remains poorly understood. We have previously reported that the epithelium-restricted integrin alpha(v)beta6 becomes highly expressed in colon cancer compared with normal mucosa and that heterologous expression of alpha(v)beta6 in colon cancer cells is associated with enhanced cell growth. Herein, we report that alpha(v)beta6 expression in colon cancer cells leads to a relative increase in secretion of the matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase B over its respective inhibitor and that this secretion parallels the level of cell-surface beta6 expression. The alpha(v)beta6-mediated gelatinase B secretion is associated with increased proteolysis of denatured collagen at the cell surface, and inactivation of gelatinase B in beta6-expressing tumour cells inhibits cell spreading and proliferation within 3-dimensional collagen matrices. Our findings suggest that alpha(v)beta6-mediated gelatinase B secretion is important in the progression of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agrez
- Discipline of Surgical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
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16
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Niu J, Gu X, Turton J, Meldrum C, Howard EW, Agrez M. Integrin-mediated signalling of gelatinase B secretion in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 249:287-91. [PMID: 9705874 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The progression of colon cancer has been linked to both cell adhesion molecules called integrins and matrix-degrading enzymes called metalloproteinases. Herein we report that the alpha v beta 6 integrin expressed in colon cancer cells induces gelatinase B secretion through the C-terminal cytoplasmic extension unique to the beta 6 integrin subunit, and that this ligand-independent event involves activation of the protein-kinase-C pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Niu
- Discipline of Surgical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Abstract
The finding that codons for hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids are generally complemented by codons for hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids respectively has led to a novel observation. The antisense peptides coded for by the complementary DNA strand of biologically active peptides are able to bind their active sense counterparts with high specificity. Sense-antisense relationships have been observed in several peptide species as well as in receptor-ligand interactions. The idea that sense-antisense interactions are biologically relevant and indeed feasible among complex molecules prompts the examination of virus-host cell interactions. We propose such a sense-antisense interaction exists between the HIV glycoprotein gp120 and the intracellular domain of the HIV receptor CD4. This interaction is at a site which may be occupied by the proto oncogene product p56lck.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Abstract
After one subject withdrew from an original group of twelve, eleven children with severe nocturnal enuresis were successfully treated by the Dry-Bed method. The children were aged five to nine years. The group median for the duration of treatment was four weeks, dryness being defined as two successive weeks without a bed-wetting incident. Training periods ranged from two to twenty weeks. Subsequently, two subjects relapsed, although organic and psychiatric factors respectively were probably responsible. At nine-month follow-up 73% of subjects were completely dry. The procedure made heavy demands on parents and clinician; especially in its initial phase. It was suggested that further feasibility studies are required of te Dry-Bed method of treatment in everyday service contexts.
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