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Ray Das S, Delahunt B, Lasham A, Li K, Wright D, Print C, Slatter T, Braithwaite A, Mehta S. Combining TP53 mutation and isoform has the potential to improve clinical practice. Pathology 2024; 56:473-483. [PMID: 38594116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The clinical importance of assessing and combining data on TP53 mutations and isoforms is discussed in this article. It gives a succinct overview of the structural makeup and key biological roles of the isoforms. It then provides a comprehensive summary of the roles that p53 isoforms play in cancer development, therapy response and resistance. The review provides a summary of studies demonstrating the role of p53 isoforms as potential prognostic indicators. It further provides evidence on how the presence of TP53 mutations may affect one or more of these activities and the association of p53 isoforms with clinicopathological data in various tumour types. The review gives insight into the present diagnostic hurdles for identifying TP53 isoforms and makes recommendations to improve their evaluation. In conclusion, this review offers suggestions for enhancing the identification and integration of TP53 isoforms in conjunction with mutation data within the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalita Ray Das
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Annette Lasham
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Te Aka Mātauranga Matepukupuku (Centre for Cancer Research), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Wright
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Te Aka Mātauranga Matepukupuku (Centre for Cancer Research), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tania Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antony Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Fitzgerald S, Bhat B, Print C, Jones GT. A validated restriction enzyme ddPCR cg05575921 (AHRR) assay to accurately assess smoking exposure. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:45. [PMID: 38528596 PMCID: PMC10962207 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & METHODS In this study, a novel restriction enzyme (RE) digestion-based droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay was designed for cg005575921 within the AHRR gene body and compared with matching results obtained by bisulfite conversion (BIS) ddPCR and Illumina DNA methylation array. RESULTS The RE ddPCR cg05575921 assay appeared concordant with BIS ddPCR (r2 = 0.94, P < 0.0001) and, when compared with the Illumina array, had significantly better smoking status classification performance for current versus never smoked (AUC 0.96 versus 0.93, P < 0.04) and current versus ex-smoker (AUC 0.88 versus 0.83, P < 0.04) comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The RE ddPCR cg05575921 assay accurately predicts smoking status and could be a useful component of 'precision-medicine' chronic disease risk screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fitzgerald
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Vascular Research Group, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin Medical School, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre of Research Excellence, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gregory T Jones
- Vascular Research Group, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin Medical School, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Yap P, Riley LG, Kakadia PM, Bohlander SK, Curran B, Rahimi MJ, Alburaiky S, Hayes I, Oppermann H, Print C, Cooper ST, Le Quesne Stabej P. Biallelic ATP2B1 variants as a likely cause of a novel neurodevelopmental malformation syndrome with primary hypoparathyroidism. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:125-129. [PMID: 37926713 PMCID: PMC10772071 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP2B1 encodes plasma membrane calcium-transporting-ATPase1 and plays an essential role in maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis that regulates diverse signaling pathways. Heterozygous de novo missense and truncating ATP2B1 variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental phenotype of variable expressivity. We describe a proband with distinctive craniofacial gestalt, Pierre-Robin sequence, neurodevelopmental and growth deficit, periventricular heterotopia, brachymesophalangy, cutaneous syndactyly, and persistent hypocalcemia from primary hypoparathyroidism. Proband-parent trio exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous ATP2B1 variants: a maternally inherited splice-site (c.3060+2 T > G) and paternally inherited missense c.2938 G > T; p.(Val980Leu). Reverse-transcription-PCR on the proband's fibroblast-derived mRNA showed aberrantly spliced ATP2B1 transcripts targeted for nonsense-mediated decay. All correctly-spliced ATP2B1 mRNA encoding p.(Val980Leu) functionally causes decreased cellular Ca2+ extrusion. Immunoblotting showed reduced fibroblast ATP2B1. We conclude that biallelic ATP2B1 variants are the likely cause of the proband's phenotype, strengthening the association of ATP2B1 as a neurodevelopmental gene and expanding the phenotypic characterization of a biallelic loss-of-function genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Yap
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand - Northern hub, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Lisa G Riley
- Rare Diseases Functional Genomics, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Purvi M Kakadia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Curran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Meer Jacob Rahimi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Salam Alburaiky
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand - Northern hub, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hayes
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand - Northern hub, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henry Oppermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Specialty of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- The Children's Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Polona Le Quesne Stabej
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Mehta S, Wright D, Black MA, Merrie A, Anjomshoaa A, Munro F, Reeve A, McCall J, Print C. Impact of clinical data veracity on cancer genomic research. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:6762866. [PMID: 36255250 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis of tumours is transforming our understanding of cancer. However, while a great deal of attention is paid to the accuracy of the cancer genomic data itself, less attention has been paid to the accuracy of the associated clinical information that renders the genomic data useful for research. In this Brief Communication, we suggest that omissions and errors in clinical annotations have a major impact on the interpretation of cancer genomic data. We describe our discovery of annotation omissions and errors when reviewing an already carefully annotated colorectal cancer gene expression dataset from our laboratory. The potential significance of clinical annotation omissions and errors was then explored using simulation analyses with an independent genomic dataset. We suggest that the completeness and veracity of clinical annotations accompanying cancer genomic data requires renewed focus by the oncology research community, both when planning new collections and when interpreting existing cancer genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Pathology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Wright
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Arend Merrie
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ahmad Anjomshoaa
- Medical Genetics Division, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fran Munro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anthony Reeve
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John McCall
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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McGuinness MJ, Woodhouse B, Harmston C, Parker K, Kramer N, Findlay M, Print C, Merrie A, Lawrence B. Survival of patients with small bowel neuroendocrine neoplasms in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:1748-1753. [PMID: 35762209 PMCID: PMC9541869 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Small intestinal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (SI‐NENs) are the most common primary malignancy of the small bowel. The aim of this study is to define the survival of patients with an SI‐NEN in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand (AoNZ). Methods A retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with a jejunal or ileal SI‐NEN in the Auckland region between 2000 and 2012 was performed. The New Zealand NETwork! Registry was searched to identify the study cohort. Retrospective data collection was performed to collect stage, survival and follow up data. Results One hundred and seven patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 62.8 years (SD 11.9). The 5 and 10‐year disease‐specific survival for all patients was 66.1% (95% CI 56.5–75.7%) and 61.8% (95% CI 51.8–71.8%), respectively. Ten‐year disease‐specific survival was 100% for stage I and II, 74% (95%CI 61.7–84.4%) for stage III and 33.9% (95%CI 16.9–35.6%) for stage IV SI‐NEN. Eleven of 40 (27.5%) patients with stage III disease had recurrence and 3 of 7 (42.8%) patients with stage IV disease had recurrence. In patients with stage IV disease, neither primary resection (HR 2.25, 95% CI 0.92–5.5) nor distant resection (HR 1.72, 95% CI 0.63–4.7) were significantly associated with a disease‐specific or overall survival benefit. Conclusion This study demonstrates that stage at SI‐NEN diagnosis is associated with survival, but resection of the primary or distant metastases in patients with stage IV disease is not. There was no recurrence in patients with stage I or II disease after complete resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. McGuinness
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Whangārei Hospital, Northland District Health Board Whangārei New Zealand
| | - Braden Woodhouse
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Christopher Harmston
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Whangārei Hospital, Northland District Health Board Whangārei New Zealand
| | - Kate Parker
- Planning, Funding and Outcomes Waitematā District Health Board Waitakere New Zealand
| | - Nicole Kramer
- Department of Pathology North Shore Hospital, Waitematā District Health Board Waitakere New Zealand
| | - Michael Findlay
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Arend Merrie
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ben Lawrence
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board Auckland New Zealand
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Pullikuth AK, Routh ED, Zimmerman KD, Chifman J, Chou JW, Soike MH, Jin G, Su J, Song Q, Black MA, Print C, Bedognetti D, Howard-McNatt M, O’Neill SS, Thomas A, Langefeld CD, Sigalov AB, Lu Y, Miller LD. Bulk and Single-Cell Profiling of Breast Tumors Identifies TREM-1 as a Dominant Immune Suppressive Marker Associated With Poor Outcomes. Front Oncol 2021; 11:734959. [PMID: 34956864 PMCID: PMC8692779 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.734959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is a key mediator of innate immunity previously associated with the severity of inflammatory disorders, and more recently, the inferior survival of lung and liver cancer patients. Here, we investigated the prognostic impact and immunological correlates of TREM1 expression in breast tumors.MethodsBreast tumor microarray and RNAseq expression profiles (n=4,364 tumors) were analyzed for associations between gene expression, tumor immune subtypes, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Single-cell (sc)RNAseq was performed using the 10X Genomics platform. Statistical associations were assessed by logistic regression, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Spearman correlation, Student’s t-test and Chi-square test.ResultsIn pre-treatment biopsies, TREM1 and known TREM-1 inducible cytokines (IL1B, IL8) were discovered by a statistical ranking procedure as top genes for which high expression was associated with reduced response to NAC, but only in the context of immunologically “hot” tumors otherwise associated with a high NAC response rate. In surgical specimens, TREM1 expression varied among tumor molecular subtypes, with highest expression in the more aggressive subtypes (Basal-like, HER2-E). High TREM1 significantly and reproducibly associated with inferior distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), independent of conventional prognostic markers. Notably, the association between high TREM1 and inferior DMFS was most prominent in the subset of immunogenic tumors that exhibited the immunologically hot phenotype and otherwise associated with superior DMFS. Further observations from bulk and single-cell RNAseq analyses indicated that TREM1 expression was significantly enriched in polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) and M2-like macrophages, and correlated with downstream transcriptional targets of TREM-1 (IL8, IL-1B, IL6, MCP-1, SPP1, IL1RN, INHBA) which have been previously associated with pro-tumorigenic and immunosuppressive functions.ConclusionsTogether, these findings indicate that increased TREM1 expression is prognostic of inferior breast cancer outcomes and may contribute to myeloid-mediated breast cancer progression and immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Pullikuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Eric D. Routh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kip D. Zimmerman
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Julia Chifman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jeff W. Chou
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael H. Soike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Guangxu Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael A. Black
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Maurice Wilkins Institute, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar & Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marissa Howard-McNatt
- Surgical Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Stacey S. O’Neill
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Yong Lu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lance D. Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Lance D. Miller,
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Zou D, Day R, Cocadiz JA, Parackal S, Mitchell W, Black MA, Lawrence B, Fitzgerald S, Print C, Jackson C, Guilford P. Circulating tumor DNA is a sensitive marker for routine monitoring of treatment response in advanced colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1507-1517. [PMID: 32955091 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of chemotherapy response provides the means to terminate ineffective treatment, trial alternative drug regimens or schedules and reduce dose to minimize toxicity. Here, we have compared circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for the cycle by cycle assessment of chemotherapy response in 30 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. CtDNA (quantified using individualized digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) assays) and CEA levels were determined immediately prior to each chemotherapy cycle over time periods ranging from 42-548 days (average of 10 time points/patient). Twenty-nine/thirty (97%) patients had detectable ctDNA compared with 83% whose tumors were CEA-positive (>5 ng/ml) during the monitoring course. Over the course of treatment, 20 disease progression events were detected by computed tomography; ctDNA predicted significantly more of these events than CEA (16 (80%) versus 6 (30%), respectively; P-value = 0.004). When progression was detected by both ctDNA and CEA, the rise in ctDNA occurred significantly earlier than CEA (P-value = 0.046). Partial responses to chemotherapy were also detected more frequently by ctDNA, although this was not significant (P-value = 0.07). In addition, another 28 colorectal cancer patients who underwent potentially curative surgery and showed no evidence of residual disease were monitored with ctDNA for up to 2 years. Clinical relapse was observed in 6/28 (21%) patients. Four out of 6 of these patients showed a significant increase in ctDNA at or prior to relapse. Overall, ctDNA analyses were able to be performed in a clinically relevant timeline and were a more sensitive and responsive measure of tumor burden than CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Robert Day
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Judy A Cocadiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Parackal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wilson Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ben Lawrence
- Discipline of Oncology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Fitzgerald
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Parry Guilford
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Te Aho Matatū, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Boons G, Vandamme T, Ibrahim J, Roeyen G, Driessen A, Peeters D, Lawrence B, Print C, Peeters M, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K. PDX1 DNA Methylation Distinguishes Two Subtypes of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms with a Different Prognosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061461. [PMID: 32512761 PMCID: PMC7352978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic mechanism for gene expression regulation and cell differentiation. Furthermore, it was found to play a major role in multiple pathological processes, including cancer. In pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs), epigenetic deregulation is also considered to be of significance, as the most frequently mutated genes have an important function in epigenetic regulation. However, the exact changes in DNA methylation between PNENs and the endocrine cells of the pancreas, their likely cell-of-origin, remain largely unknown. Recently, two subtypes of PNENs have been described which were linked to cell-of-origin and have a different prognosis. A difference in the expression of the transcription factor PDX1 was one of the key molecular differences. In this study, we performed an exploratory genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using Infinium Methylation EPIC arrays (Illumina) on 26 PNENs and pancreatic islets of five healthy donors. In addition, the methylation profile of the PDX1 region was used to perform subtyping in a global cohort of 83 PNEN, 2 healthy alpha cell and 3 healthy beta cell samples. In our exploratory analysis, we identified 26,759 differentially methylated CpGs and 79 differentially methylated regions. The gene set enrichment analysis highlighted several interesting pathways targeted by altered DNA methylation, including MAPK, platelet-related and immune system-related pathways. Using the PDX1 methylation in 83 PNEN, 2 healthy alpha cell and 3 healthy beta cell samples, two subtypes were identified, subtypes A and B, which were similar to alpha and beta cells, respectively. These subtypes had different clinicopathological characteristics, a different pattern of chromosomal alterations and a different prognosis, with subtype A having a significantly worse prognosis compared with subtype B (HR 0.22 [95% CI: 0.051–0.95], p = 0.043). Hence, this study demonstrates that several cancer-related pathways are differently methylated between PNENs and normal islet cells. In addition, we validated the use of the PDX1 methylation status for the subtyping of PNENs and its prognostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta Boons
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- NETwerk, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Joe Ibrahim
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Geert Roeyen
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Dieter Peeters
- Histopathology, Imaging and Quantification Unit, HistoGeneX, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Department of Pathology, AZ Sint-Maarten, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ben Lawrence
- Discipline of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre Hosted by the University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Cristin Print
- Maurice Wilkins Centre Hosted by the University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (G.B.); (T.V.); (J.I.); (M.P.); (G.V.C.)
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3275-97-91
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9
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Brewer N, Teng A, Atkinson J, Guilford P, Print C, Blakely T. An estimate of limited duration cancer prevalence in New Zealand using 'big' data. N Z Med J 2020; 133:49-62. [PMID: 32379739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Increases in cancer survival may increase cancer prevalence and demand for healthcare. We aimed to estimate cancer prevalence in the New Zealand population. METHODS We used national linked health, social and census datasets from the Stats NZ Integrated Data Infrastructure to identify the number of New Zealand residents who had at least one cancer diagnosis in New Zealand. We included all primary cancers recorded on the New Zealand Cancer Registry from January 1995 to June 2013, and used the 2013 census for demographic and socioeconomic data. RESULTS On 30 June 2013, 140,600 of 4,438,900 (3.2%) New Zealand residents had been diagnosed with cancer in the last 18.5 years. In ≥15 year olds, the age-standardised prevalence of cancer diagnosed 0 to ≤1 year, and >1 to ≤5 years, prior to 30 June 2013 was 0.4% and 1.1% in men and 0.3% and 0.9% in women, respectively. Over the 18.5-year period prevalence was greatest in the oldest ages, European/Other, highest qualified, highest income, least deprived, ex-smokers, and Canterbury, Bay of Plenty and Nelson/Marlborough District Health Boards (age-standardised). CONCLUSIONS Groups with the highest survival and the greatest access to healthcare had the highest cancer prevalences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Brewer
- Research Officer, Department of Public Health, University Of Otago, Wellington, and Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington
| | - Andrea Teng
- Senior Research Fellow, Department of Public Health, University Of Otago, Wellington
| | - June Atkinson
- Senior Analyst, Department of Public Health, University Of Otago, Wellington
| | - Parry Guilford
- Research Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University Of Otago, Dunedin
| | - Cristin Print
- , Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Tony Blakely
- Research Professor, Department of Public Health, University Of Otago, Wellington, and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Robb T, Blenkiron C, Tsai P, Parker K, Drummond A, Black M, Gavryushkin A, Woodhouse B, Houseman P, Coats E, Shields P, Fitzgerald S, Wright D, Tse R, Kramer N, Barker C, Triggs Y, Stables S, Lawrence B, Print C. Investigating tumour evolution in a single patient with disseminated cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy425.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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11
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Robertson SP, Hindmarsh JH, Berry S, Cameron VA, Cox MP, Dewes O, Doughty RN, Gray G, Jacobsen JC, Laurence A, Matisoo-Smith E, Morton S, Shelling AN, Sika-Paotonu D, Rolleston A, Skinner JR, Snell RG, Sporle A, Print C, Merriman TR, Hudson M, Wilcox P. Genomic medicine must reduce, not compound, health inequities: the case for hauora-enhancing genomic resources for New Zealand. N Z Med J 2018; 131:81-89. [PMID: 30116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine seeks to draw on data from both individuals and populations across disparate domains to influence and support diagnosis, management and prevention in healthcare at the level of the individual patient and their family/whānau. Central to this initiative is incorporating the effects of the inherent variation that lies within genomes and can influence health outcomes. Identifying and interpreting such variation requires an accurate, valid and representative dataset to firstly define what variants are present and then assess the potential relevance for the health of a person, their family/whānau and the wider community to which they belong. Globally the variation embedded within genomes differs enormously and has been shaped by the size, constitution, historical origins and evolutionary history of their source populations. Māori, and more broadly Pacific peoples, differ substantially in terms of genomic variation compared to the more closely studied European and Asian populations. In the absence of accurate genomic information from Māori and Pacific populations, the precise interpretation of genomic data and the success and benefits of genomic medicine will be disproportionately less for those Māori and Pacific peoples. In this viewpoint article we, as a group of healthcare professionals, researchers and scientists, present a case for assembling genomic resources that catalogue the characteristics of the genomes of New Zealanders, with an emphasis on peoples of Māori and Polynesian ancestry, as a healthcare imperative. In proposing the creation of these resources, we note that their governance and management must be led by iwi and Māori and Pacific representatives. Assembling a genomic resource must be informed by cultural concepts and values most especially understanding that, at a physical and spiritual level, whakapapa is embodied within the DNA of a person. Therefore DNA and genomic data that connects to whakapapa (genealogy) is considered a taonga (something precious and significant), and its storage, utilisation and interpretation is a culturally significant activity. Furthermore, such resources are not proposed to primarily enable comparisons between those with Māori and broader Pacific ancestries and other Aotearoa peoples but to place an understanding of the genetic contributors to their health outcomes in a valid context. Ongoing oversight and governance of such taonga by Māori and Pacific representatives will maximise hauora (health) while also minimising the risk of misuse of this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Robertson
- Professor, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin
| | - Jennie Harre Hindmarsh
- Research Coordinator, Ngāti Porou Hauora Charitable Trust, Te Puia Springs, Tairāwhiti, Gisborne
| | - Sarah Berry
- Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua and Growing Up in New Zealand, The University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Vicky A Cameron
- Professor, Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch
| | - Murray P Cox
- Professor, Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North
| | - Ofa Dewes
- Research Fellow, Maurice Wilkens Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland; School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Robert N Doughty
- Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - George Gray
- Public Health Physician, Planning and Funding, Bay of Plenty District Health Board, Tauranga
| | - Jessie C Jacobsen
- Research Fellow, Centre for Brain Research and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland
| | | | | | - Susan Morton
- Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua and Growing Up in New Zealand, The University of Auckland
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Dianne Sika-Paotonu
- Associate Dean (Pacific), Senior Lecturer Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington; Honorary Research Associate, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington; Honorary Research Associate Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia; Affiliate Investigator, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Anna Rolleston
- Clinical Director, The Centre for Health, Manawa Ora Centre, Tauranga
| | - Jonathan R Skinner
- Director, Cardiac Inherited Disease Group, Auckland City Hospital and Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland
| | - Russell G Snell
- Professor, Centre for Brain Research and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Andrew Sporle
- Senior Research Fellow, Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Cristin Print
- Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland; Professor and Director, The Bioinformatics Institute, and the Genomics Into Medicine Programme University of Auckland, Auckland
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin and Principal Investigator, Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery
| | - Maui Hudson
- Associate Professor, Māori and Indigenous Governance Centre, University of Waikato, Hamilton
| | - Philip Wilcox
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin
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12
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Thomas A, Routh ED, Pullikuth A, Jin G, Su J, Chou JW, Hoadley KA, Print C, Knowlton N, Black MA, Demaria S, Wang E, Bedognetti D, Jones WD, Mehta GA, Gatza ML, Perou CM, Page DB, Triozzi P, Miller LD. Tumor mutational burden is a determinant of immune-mediated survival in breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1490854. [PMID: 30386679 PMCID: PMC6207420 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1490854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports a role for the immune system in breast cancer outcomes. The ability to distinguish highly immunogenic tumors susceptible to anti-tumor immunity from weakly immunogenic or inherently immune-resistant tumors would guide development of therapeutic strategies in breast cancer. Genomic, transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) breast cancer cohorts were used to examine statistical associations between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and the survival of patients whose tumors were assigned to previously-described prognostic immune subclasses reflecting favorable, weak or poor immune-infiltrate dispositions (FID, WID or PID, respectively). Tumor immune subclasses were associated with survival in patients with high TMB (TMB-Hi, P < 0.001) but not in those with low TMB (TMB-Lo, P = 0.44). This statistical relationship was confirmed in the METABRIC cohort (TMB-Hi, P = 0.047; TMB-Lo, P = 0.39), and also found to hold true in the more-indolent Luminal A tumor subtype (TMB-Hi, P = 0.011; TMB-Lo, P = 0.91). In TMB-Hi tumors, the FID subclass was associated with prolonged survival independent of tumor stage, molecular subtype, age and treatment. Copy number analysis revealed the reproducible, preferential amplification of chromosome 1q immune-regulatory genes in the PID immune subclass. These findings demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for TMB as a determinant of immune-mediated survival of breast cancer patients and identify candidate immune-regulatory mechanisms associated with immunologically cold tumors. Immune subtyping of breast cancers may offer opportunities for therapeutic stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Thomas
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Eric D Routh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ashok Pullikuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Guangxu Jin
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jing Su
- Division of Radiologic Sciences and Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeff W Chou
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Maurice Wilkins Institute, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nick Knowlton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Maurice Wilkins Institute, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, Immunology and Therapy, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Department of Tumor Biology, Immunology and Therapy, Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Gaurav A Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Charles M Perou
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David B Page
- Department of Medicine, Providence Cancer Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Pierre Triozzi
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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13
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Fitzgerald S, Lasham A, Blenkiron C, Shields P, Lawrence B, Print C. Abstract 3667: Technical advances in plasma genomic biomarkers for mutation detection and monitoring in cancer patients. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A sea-change is imminent for cancer medicine, due to the use of non-invasive genomic biomarkers in blood to inform screening, diagnosis and the selection of treatment. This technology may be used routinely in oncology within five years. Although numerous studies, including work in our laboratory, have shown that genomic analysis of blood can detect the presence and even the type of cancer, researchers have only scratched the surface of what this technology can do. In our laboratory, we are generating new methods to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of such tests. Cell-free DNA from a metastatic colorectal cancer patient has been used to directly compare the sensitivity of mutation detection across three platforms - a custom QiaSeq Targeted amplicon sequencing panel, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and UltraSEEK lung panel. UltraSEEK and ddPCR platforms show better sensitivity for detection of the KRAS G12A mutation, compared to the QiaSeq Targeted DNA sequencing panel. This pilot study shows that when looking to specifically detect a small number of known mutations, UltraSEEK or ddPCR gives the highest sensitivity, but when mutations are not limited to a few or are completely unknown, the QiaSeq Targeted DNA panel allows identification of the entire repertoire of mutations in specific cancer-associated genes.
Citation Format: Sandra Fitzgerald, Annette Lasham, Cherie Blenkiron, Paula Shields, Ben Lawrence, Cristin Print. Technical advances in plasma genomic biomarkers for mutation detection and monitoring in cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3667.
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14
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McKeown C, Connors S, Stapleton R, Morgan T, Hayes I, Neas K, Dixon J, Gibson K, Markie DM, Tsai P, Blenkiron C, Fitzgerald S, Shields P, Yap P, Lawrence B, Print C, Robertson SP. A pilot study of exome sequencing in a diverse New Zealand cohort with undiagnosed disorders and cancer. J R Soc N Z 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2018.1464033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colina McKeown
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Samantha Connors
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Stapleton
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tim Morgan
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hayes
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katherine Neas
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joanne Dixon
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kate Gibson
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - David M. Markie
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter Tsai
- School of Medical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- School of Medical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Fitzgerald
- School of Medical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paula Shields
- School of Medical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Yap
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Lawrence
- School of Medical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- School of Medical Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen P. Robertson
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Genetic Health Service New Zealand, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
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15
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Harris G, O'Toole S, George P, Browett P, Print C. Massive parallel sequencing of solid tumours - challenges and opportunities for pathologists. Histopathology 2016; 70:123-133. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Harris
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Bioinformatics Institute; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Canterbury Health Laboratories; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Sandra O'Toole
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital; Camperdown NSW Australia
- Sydney Medical School; Sydney University; Sydney Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Darlinghurst NSW Australia
| | - Peter George
- Canterbury Health Laboratories; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Peter Browett
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Bioinformatics Institute; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Bioinformatics Institute; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre; c/o University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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16
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Mehta S, Tsai P, Lasham A, Campbell H, Reddel R, Braithwaite A, Print C. A Study of TP53 RNA Splicing Illustrates Pitfalls of RNA-seq Methodology. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7151-7159. [PMID: 27913434 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TP53 undergoes multiple RNA-splicing events, resulting in at least nine mRNA transcripts encoding at least 12 functionally different protein isoforms. Antibodies specific to p53 protein isoforms have proven difficult to develop, thus researchers must rely on the transcript information to infer isoform abundance. In this study, we used deep RNA-seq, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) from nine human cell lines and RNA-seq data available for tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze TP53 splice variant expression. All three methods detected expression of the FL/40TP53α_T1 variant in most human tumors and cell lines. However, other less abundant variants were only detected with PCR-based methods. Using RNA-seq simulation analysis, we determined why RNA-seq is unable to detect less abundant TP53 transcripts and discuss the implications of these findings for the general interpretation of RNA-seq data. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7151-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter Tsai
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Annette Lasham
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hamish Campbell
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger Reddel
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antony Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cristin Print
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Lawrence B, Blenkiron C, Parker K, Fitzgerald S, Shields P, Tsai P, James S, Poonawala N, Yeong M, Kramer N, Robinson B, Connor S, Ramsaroop R, Yozu M, Elston M, Jackson C, Carroll R, Harris D, Findlay M, Print C. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (pNET) profiles in the NETwork! programme: clinic–enabled genomics for genomic-enabled clinical decisions. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw369.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Miller LD, Chou JA, Black MA, Print C, Chifman J, Alistar A, Putti T, Zhou X, Bedognetti D, Hendrickx W, Pullikuth A, Rennhack J, Andrechek ER, Demaria S, Wang E, Marincola FM. Immunogenic Subtypes of Breast Cancer Delineated by Gene Classifiers of Immune Responsiveness. Cancer Immunol Res 2016; 4:600-10. [PMID: 27197066 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The abundance and functional orientation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer is associated with distant metastasis-free survival, yet how this association is influenced by tumor phenotypic heterogeneity is poorly understood. Here, a bioinformatics approach defined tumor biologic attributes that influence this association and delineated tumor subtypes that may differ in their ability to sustain durable antitumor immune responses. A large database of breast tumor expression profiles and associated clinical data was compiled, from which the ability of phenotypic markers to significantly influence the prognostic performance of a classification model that incorporates immune cell-specific gene signatures was ascertained. Markers of cell proliferation and intrinsic molecular subtype reproducibly distinguished two breast cancer subtypes that we refer to as immune benefit-enabled (IBE) and immune benefit-disabled (IBD). The IBE tumors, comprised mostly of highly proliferative tumors of the basal-like, HER2-enriched, and luminal B subtypes, could be stratified by the immune classifier into significantly different prognostic groups, while IBD tumors could not, indicating the potential for productive engagement of metastasis-protective immunity in IBE tumors, but not in IBD tumors. The prognostic stratification in IBE was independent of conventional variables. Gene network analysis predicted the activation of TNFα/IFNγ signaling pathways in IBE tumors and the activation of the transforming growth factor-β pathway in IBD tumors. This prediction supports a model in which breast tumors can be distinguished on the basis of their potential for metastasis-protective immune responsiveness. Whether IBE and IBD represent clinically relevant contexts for evaluating sensitivity to immunotherapeutic agents warrants further investigation. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(7); 600-10. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina.
| | - Jeff A Chou
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology and Maurice Wilkins Institute, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julia Chifman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Angela Alistar
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina. Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Center for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ashok Pullikuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Rennhack
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ena Wang
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Office of the Chief Research Officer, Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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19
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Print C. The role of emerging bioinformatic methods in improving diagnosis: A primer for beginners. Pathology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Qaadri K, Stones-Havas S, Ammundsen B, Trevarton A, Print C. Abstract A2-46: Melanoma Profiler web tool for integrative genomic analysis of melanoma. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.transcagen-a2-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite ongoing research, metastatic melanoma five-year survival rates remain low and treatment options limited. Researchers can access a rapidly growing amount of molecular and clinical information about melanoma that may be critical to understanding this disease and making clinically relevant treatment decisions. However, this information is becoming difficult to collate and clinically interpret due to its dispersed nature. Presented here is Melanoma Profiler, a new cloud-based web application for clinically relevant metastatic melanoma genomic research. It performs a tumor/normal comparative variant analysis, comparing proband modified genes and pathways to those in a curated set of characterized melanoma tumor samples. To provide clinical decision support, modified genes and pathways are cross-referenced with clinical and molecular data. These data are incorporated from publicly available sources, including: associations between gene expression and patient survival, data concerning drug targets, biomarkers, and druggability as well as past clinical trials. The resultant MelanomaDB cross-reference database integrates data from cutting edge research on a continuous basis. The interface is presented in two tiers: a front-panel summary tier and an evidential detail tier. For the busy clinician, immediately presented in the summary view is a dynamic report clearly highlighting the relevant actionable information, potential drug targets, and a summary of affected genes and pathways. For researchers that wish to dig deeper, they may browse annotated pathway data, and view a comprehensive comparative summary of affected genes in waterfall and heatmap reports. Melanoma Profiler is a free research tool hosted by Biomatters, produced in collaboration with the University of Auckland, New Zealand. A recent Frontiers in Oncology methods article describing the research behind the application can be found at http://bit.ly/1bUilqS. The Melanoma Profiler web application can be found at https://apps.biomatters.com/melanoma-profiler/.
Citation Format: Kashef Qaadri, Steven Stones-Havas, Brett Ammundsen, Alexander Trevarton, Cristin Print. Melanoma Profiler web tool for integrative genomic analysis of melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A2-46.
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Jebb A, Fitzgerald S, Wilson S, Lasham A, Print C. Abstract 2046: Analysis of over-expressed chromosomal regions identifies YBX1 oncogene amplification in basal-like breast tumors. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
DNA copy number change (CNC) is frequently seen in breast tumors, is associated with expression in ∼40% of genes, and has been found to involve all chromosomal arms in varying frequencies. The addition of CNC to gene expression information can improve the accuracy of prognostic predictions, as has been demonstrated by ERBB2 amplification in this tumor type. We wished to determine the clinical correlates of over-expressed chromosomal regions, and whether analysis of these regions can identify driver genes promoting over-expression via CNC.
Affymetrix U133 microarray data were assembled from primary breast tumors of 940 women. Over-expressed chromosomal regions were identified utilising a modification of the MicroArray Chromosome Analysis Tool (MACAT) and the DNAcopy program in the R statistical framework. Where regions of elevated expression were conserved between several tumors, smoothed RNA abundance was analysed against chromosomal position to identify genes of recurrent RNA over-expression. By examining several tumors on a whole genome-level using Nimblegen 4.2M tiling arrayCGH analysis and also by quantitative PCR, regional over-expression was confirmed as being a result of DNA CNC.
41 distinct over-expressed chromosomal regions were identified, most frequently observed on chromosomes 1, 8, 11 and 17. Patients with breast tumors containing any significantly over-expressed chromosome region had significantly shorter disease-free survival times (Cox proportional hazard model p = 1×10-6), and shared common clinical characteristics such as high grade and HER2 enriched or basal-like molecular phenotype.
Over-expression of region 1p34 containing the YBX1 gene was observed in twelve breast tumors (1.3% of all tumors, 8-9% of basal-like breast tumours, and 70.6% of tumors with chromosome 1 regional over-expression). Disease free survival (DFS) of these twelve patients was significantly shorter than the DFS of all other patients (log rank test p = 4×10-5). In six tumors in which this region was over-expressed at the RNA level we found the YBX1 gene had estimated DNA copy number ≥ 6.
YBX1 gene amplification is present across a wide variety of tumor types collected and analysed by TCGA. Approximately 1.7% of tumours within TCGA invasive breast cancer cohort contained this amplification, however the tumor types with highest proportion of YBX1 amplification were ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and sarcoma, with 8.4%, 5%, 1.8% and 1.1% of samples in each tumour group having YBX1 gene amplification respectively.
We identify conserved patterns of over-expression of the RNAs encoded by 41 specific chromosomal regions in breast tumors. These include over-expressed regions strongly associated with poor patient prognosis, and the previously undescribed amplification and over-expression of the YBX1 gene on chromosome 1.
Citation Format: Abbey Jebb, Sandra Fitzgerald, Sheridan Wilson, Annette Lasham, Cristin Print. Analysis of over-expressed chromosomal regions identifies YBX1 oncogene amplification in basal-like breast tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2046. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2046
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey Jebb
- 1University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Broom RJ, Blenkiron C, Harman R, Whineray Kelly E, Allpress S, Gale K, Rice S, Shin P, Brown A, Lasham A, Print C. Abstract P2-05-16: Gene expression in synchronous primary, axillary nodal and disseminated breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p2-05-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Disseminated Tumour Cells (DTC) have been found in the bone marrow (BM) of up to 70% of patients with breast cancer metastatic to axillary lymph nodes. They are a biologically and therapeutically interesting tumour cell population. Although there is uncertainty about their relationship to cancer prognosis, DTC provide a valuable window into the processes by which primary tumour (PT) cells disseminate. DTC can be enriched from BM by immunoaffinity using antibodies directed against epithelial cell markers such as EpCAM. To better understand the changing gene expression patterns that may accompany breast cancer metastasis, we have compared the whole genome RNA expression profiles of matched PT, axillary lymph node metastases (LNM), and EpCAM-enriched cells from the BM of seven patients. Compared to PT, axillary LNM had consistently altered expression of RNAs encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), growth factors, transcription factors, as well as downstream targets of Catenin-a, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-a and miR-22. Once the gene expression patterns of potentially contaminating BM cells were subtracted, compared to PT and LNM EpCAM-enriched MB cells had consistently elevated expression of RNAs encoding metabolic enzymes, ribosomal proteins, and DNA-binding factors such as YB-1. The gene expression changes we identify are candidate mediators of breast cancer metastases and represent attractive targets for further study on a cell by cell basis.
Citation Format: Reuben J Broom, Cherie Blenkiron, Richard Harman, Erica Whineray Kelly, Stephen Allpress, Katherine Gale, Sam Rice, Peter Shin, Anna Brown, Annette Lasham, Cristin Print. Gene expression in synchronous primary, axillary nodal and disseminated breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-16.
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Jackson C, Ehrenberg N, Frizelle F, Sarfati D, Balasingam A, Pearse M, Parry S, Print C, Findlay M, Bissett I. Rectal cancer: future directions and priorities for treatment, research and policy in New Zealand. N Z Med J 2014; 127:63-72. [PMID: 24929694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
New Zealand has one of the highest incidences of rectal cancer in the world, and its optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach. A National Rectal Cancer Summit was convened in August 2013 to discuss management of rectal cancer in the New Zealand context, to highlight controversies and discuss domestic priorities for the future. This paper summarises the priorities for treatment, research and policy for rectal cancer services in New Zealand identified as part of the Summit in August. The following priorities were identified: - Access to high-quality information for service planning, review of outcomes, identification of inequities and gaps in provision, and quality improvement; - Engagement with the entire sector, including private providers; - Focus on equity; - Emerging technologies; - Harmonisation of best practice; - Importance of multidisciplinary team meetings. In conclusion, improvements in outcomes for patients with rectal cancer in New Zealand will require significant engagement between policy makers, providers, researchers, and patients in order to ensure equitable access to high quality treatment, and strategic incorporation of emerging technologies into clinical practice. A robust clinical information framework is required in order to facilitate monitoring of quality improvements and to ensure that equitable care is delivered.
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Affara M, Sanders D, Araki H, Tamada Y, Dunmore BJ, Humphreys S, Imoto S, Savoie C, Miyano S, Kuhara S, Jeffries D, Print C, Charnock-Jones DS. Vasohibin-1 is identified as a master-regulator of endothelial cell apoptosis using gene network analysis. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:23. [PMID: 23324451 PMCID: PMC3570387 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis is a critical process in endothelial cell (EC) biology and pathology, which has been extensively studied at protein level. Numerous gene expression studies of EC apoptosis have also been performed, however few attempts have been made to use gene expression data to identify the molecular relationships and master regulators that underlie EC apoptosis. Therefore, we sought to understand these relationships by generating a Bayesian gene regulatory network (GRN) model. RESULTS ECs were induced to undergo apoptosis using serum withdrawal and followed over a time course in triplicate, using microarrays. When generating the GRN, this EC time course data was supplemented by a library of microarray data from EC treated with siRNAs targeting over 350 signalling molecules.The GRN model proposed Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) as one of the candidate master-regulators of EC apoptosis with numerous downstream mRNAs. To evaluate the role played by VASH1 in EC, we used siRNA to reduce the expression of VASH1. Of 10 mRNAs downstream of VASH1 in the GRN that were examined, 7 were significantly up- or down-regulated in the direction predicted by the GRN.Further supporting an important biological role of VASH1 in EC, targeted reduction of VASH1 mRNA abundance conferred resistance to serum withdrawal-induced EC death. CONCLUSION We have utilised Bayesian GRN modelling to identify a novel candidate master regulator of EC apoptosis. This study demonstrates how GRN technology can complement traditional methods to hypothesise the regulatory relationships that underlie important biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Affara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, The Rosie Hospital, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
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Ogami K, Yamaguchi R, Imoto S, Tamada Y, Araki H, Print C, Miyano S. Computational gene network analysis reveals TNF-induced angiogenesis. BMC Syst Biol 2012; 6 Suppl 2:S12. [PMID: 23281897 PMCID: PMC3521175 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-s2-s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α) induces HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) to proliferate and form new blood vessels. This TNF-induced angiogenesis plays a key role in cancer and rheumatic disease. However, the molecular system that underlies TNF-induced angiogenesis is largely unknown. Methods We analyzed the gene expression changes stimulated by TNF in HUVEC over a time course using microarrays to reveal the molecular system underlying TNF-induced angiogenesis. Traditional k-means clustering analysis was performed to identify informative temporal gene expression patterns buried in the time course data. Functional enrichment analysis using DAVID was then performed for each cluster. The genes that belonged to informative clusters were then used as the input for gene network analysis using a Bayesian network and nonparametric regression method. Based on this TNF-induced gene network, we searched for sub-networks related to angiogenesis by integrating existing biological knowledge. Results k-means clustering of the TNF stimulated time course microarray gene expression data, followed by functional enrichment analysis identified three biologically informative clusters related to apoptosis, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. These three clusters included 648 genes in total, which were used to estimate dynamic Bayesian networks. Based on the estimated TNF-induced gene networks, we hypothesized that a sub-network including IL6 and IL8 inhibits apoptosis and promotes TNF-induced angiogenesis. More particularly, IL6 promotes TNF-induced angiogenesis by inducing NF-κB and IL8, which are strong cell growth factors. Conclusions Computational gene network analysis revealed a novel molecular system that may play an important role in the TNF-induced angiogenesis seen in cancer and rheumatic disease. This analysis suggests that Bayesian network analysis linked to functional annotation may be a powerful tool to provide insight into disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ogami
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
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Kawano S, Shimamura T, Niida A, Imoto S, Yamaguchi R, Nagasaki M, Yoshida R, Print C, Miyano S. Identifying gene pathways associated with cancer characteristics via sparse statistical methods. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2012; 9:966-972. [PMID: 22431551 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2012.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose a statistical method for uncovering gene pathways that characterize cancer heterogeneity. To incorporate knowledge of the pathways into the model, we define a set of activities of pathways from microarray gene expression data based on the Sparse Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (SPPCA). A pathway activity logistic regression model is then formulated for cancer phenotype. To select pathway activities related to binary cancer phenotypes, we use the elastic net for the parameter estimation and derive a model selection criterion for selecting tuning parameters included in the model estimation. Our proposed method can also reverse-engineer gene networks based on the identified multiple pathways that enables us to discover novel gene-gene associations relating with the cancer phenotypes. We illustrate the whole process of the proposed method through the analysis of breast cancer gene expression data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Kawano
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Henare K, Wang L, Wang LCS, Thomsen L, Tijono S, Chen CJJ, Winkler S, Dunbar PR, Print C, Ching LM. Dissection of stromal and cancer cell-derived signals in melanoma xenografts before and after treatment with DMXAA. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1134-47. [PMID: 22415295 PMCID: PMC3304430 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The non-malignant cells of the tumour stroma have a critical role in tumour biology. Studies dissecting the interplay between cancer cells and stromal cells are required to further our understanding of tumour progression and methods of intervention. For proof-of-principle of a multi-modal approach to dissect the differential effects of treatment on cancer cells and stromal cells, we analysed the effects of the stromal-targeting agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid on melanoma xenografts. Methods: Flow cytometry and multi-colour immunofluorescence staining was used to analyse leukocyte numbers in xenografts. Murine-specific and human-specific multiplex cytokine panels were used to quantitate cytokines produced by stromal and melanoma cells, respectively. Human and mouse Affymetrix microarrays were used to separately identify melanoma cell-specific and stromal cell-specific gene expression. Results: 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid activated pro-inflammatory signalling pathways and cytokine expression from both stromal and cancer cells, leading to neutrophil accumulation and haemorrhagic necrosis and a delay in tumour re-growth of 26 days in A375 melanoma xenografts. Conclusion: 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid and related analogues may potentially have utility in the treatment of melanoma. The experimental platform used allowed distinction between cancer cells and stromal cells and can be applied to investigate other tumour models and anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Henare
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Mehta S, Shelling A, Muthukaruppan A, Lasham A, Blenkiron C, Laking G, Print C. Predictive and prognostic molecular markers for cancer medicine. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2011; 2:125-48. [PMID: 21789130 DOI: 10.1177/1758834009360519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 10 years there has been an explosion of information about the molecular biology of cancer. A challenge in oncology is to translate this information into advances in patient care. While there are well-formed routes for translating new molecular information into drug therapy, the routes for translating new information into sensitive and specific diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tests are still being developed. Similarly, the science of using tumor molecular profiles to select clinical trial participants or to optimize therapy for individual patients is still in its infancy. This review will summarize the current technologies for predicting treatment response and prognosis in cancer medicine, and outline what the future may hold. It will also highlight the potential importance of methods that can integrate molecular, histopathological and clinical information into a synergistic understanding of tumor progression. While these possibilities are without doubt exciting, significant challenges remain if we are to implement them with a strong evidence base in a widely available and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Mehta
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Tamada Y, Imoto S, Araki H, Nagasaki M, Print C, Charnock-Jones DS, Miyano S. Estimating genome-wide gene networks using nonparametric Bayesian network models on massively parallel computers. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2011; 8:683-697. [PMID: 20714027 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2010.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel algorithm to estimate genome-wide gene networks consisting of more than 20,000 genes from gene expression data using nonparametric Bayesian networks. Due to the difficulty of learning Bayesian network structures, existing algorithms cannot be applied to more than a few thousand genes. Our algorithm overcomes this limitation by repeatedly estimating subnetworks in parallel for genes selected by neighbor node sampling. Through numerical simulation, we confirmed that our algorithm outperformed a heuristic algorithm in a shorter time. We applied our algorithm to microarray data from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with siRNAs, to construct a human genome-wide gene network, which we compared to a small gene network estimated for the genes extracted using a traditional bioinformatics method. The results showed that our genome-wide gene network contains many features of the small network, as well as others that could not be captured during the small network estimation. The results also revealed master-regulator genes that are not in the small network but that control many of the genes in the small network. These analyses were impossible to realize without our proposed algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tamada
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, General Research Building 8F, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic vasculogenesis is an emerging concept that can potentially be harnessed for the management of ischemic pathologies. The present study elucidates the potential coregulation of vasculogenesis by the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan-rich cell-surface glycome and the transcriptome. METHODS AND RESULTS Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into endothelial cells in an in vitro embryoid body is paralleled by an amplification of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan sulfation, which correlates with the levels of the enzyme N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1 (NDST1). Small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of NDST1 or modification of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans in embryonic stem cells with heparinases or sodium chlorate inhibited differentiation of embryonic stem cells into endothelial cells. This was translated to an in vivo zebrafish embryo model, in which the genetic knockdown of NDST1 resulted in impaired vascularization characterized by a concentration-dependent decrease in intersegmental vessel lumen and a large tail-vessel configuration, which could be rescued by use of exogenous sulfated heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. To explore the cross talk between the glycome and the transcriptome during vasculogenesis, we identified by microarray and then validated wild-type and NDST1 knockdown-associated gene-expression patterns in zebrafish embryos. Temporal analysis at 3 developmental stages critical for vasculogenesis revealed a cascade of pathways that may mediate glycocalyx regulation of vasculogenesis. These pathways were intimately connected to cell signaling, cell survival, and cell fate determination. Specifically, we demonstrated that forkhead box O3A/5 proteins and insulin-like growth factor were key downstream signals in this process. CONCLUSIONS The present study for the first time implicates interplay between the glycome and the transcriptome during vasculogenesis, revealing the possibility of harnessing specific cellular glyco-microenvironments for therapeutic vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Harfouche
- Department of Medicine (R.H., D.M.H., S.P., S.B., S.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (C.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biological Engineering (D.E., T.K., R.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (R.H., S.P., S.B., D.E., T.K., R.S., S.S.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Dirk M Hentschel
- Department of Medicine (R.H., D.M.H., S.P., S.B., S.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (C.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biological Engineering (D.E., T.K., R.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (R.H., S.P., S.B., D.E., T.K., R.S., S.S.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Stephanie Piecewicz
- Department of Medicine (R.H., D.M.H., S.P., S.B., S.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (C.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biological Engineering (D.E., T.K., R.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (R.H., S.P., S.B., D.E., T.K., R.S., S.S.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Department of Medicine (R.H., D.M.H., S.P., S.B., S.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (C.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biological Engineering (D.E., T.K., R.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (R.H., S.P., S.B., D.E., T.K., R.S., S.S.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Medicine (R.H., D.M.H., S.P., S.B., S.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (C.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biological Engineering (D.E., T.K., R.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (R.H., S.P., S.B., D.E., T.K., R.S., S.S.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - David Eavarone
- Department of Medicine (R.H., D.M.H., S.P., S.B., S.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (C.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biological Engineering (D.E., T.K., R.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (R.H., S.P., S.B., D.E., T.K., R.S., S.S.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Tanyel Kiziltepe
- Department of Medicine (R.H., D.M.H., S.P., S.B., S.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (C.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biological Engineering (D.E., T.K., R.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (R.H., S.P., S.B., D.E., T.K., R.S., S.S.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Ram Sasisekharan
- Department of Medicine (R.H., D.M.H., S.P., S.B., S.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (C.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biological Engineering (D.E., T.K., R.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (R.H., S.P., S.B., D.E., T.K., R.S., S.S.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Department of Medicine (R.H., D.M.H., S.P., S.B., S.S.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology (C.P.), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biological Engineering (D.E., T.K., R.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (R.H., S.P., S.B., D.E., T.K., R.S., S.S.), Cambridge, Mass
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Harfouche R, Hentschel DM, Piecewicz SM, Basu S, Print C, Eavarone D, Kiziltepe T, Sasisekharan R, Sengupta S. Vasculogenesis, a story of glycome and transcriptomal regulation. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.934.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Harfouche
- Biomedical EngineeringHarvard‐MIT Division of HSTCambridgeMA
- MedicineBrigham & Women's hospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | | | - Sudipta Basu
- Biomedical EngineeringHarvard‐MIT Division of HSTCambridgeMA
- MedicineBrigham & Women's hospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Cristin Print
- MedicineSchool of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - David Eavarone
- Biomedical EngineeringHarvard‐MIT Division of HSTCambridgeMA
| | | | | | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Biomedical EngineeringHarvard‐MIT Division of HSTCambridgeMA
- MedicineBrigham & Women's hospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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Brunet-Dunand SE, Vouyovitch C, Araneda S, Pandey V, Vidal LJP, Print C, Mertani HC, Lobie PE, Perry JK. Autocrine human growth hormone promotes tumor angiogenesis in mammary carcinoma. Endocrinology 2009; 150:1341-52. [PMID: 18974274 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating literature implicates pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as playing key roles in tumor progression. Autocrine human growth hormone (hGH) is a wild-type orthotopically expressed oncogene for the human mammary epithelial cell. Herein we demonstrate that autocrine hGH expression in the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 stimulated the survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion of a human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). Autocrine/paracrine hGH secreted from mammary carcinoma cells also promoted HMEC-1 in vitro tube formation as a consequence of increased vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) expression. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that HMEC-1 cells express both hGH and the hGH receptor (hGHR). Functional antagonism of HMEC-1-derived hGH reduced HMEC-1 survival, proliferation, migration/invasion, and tube formation in vitro. Autocrine/paracrine hGH secreted by mammary carcinoma cells increased tumor blood and lymphatic microvessel density in a xenograft model of human mammary carcinoma. Autocrine hGH is therefore a potential master regulator of tumor neovascularization, coordinating two critical processes in mammary neoplastic progression, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Consideration of hGH antagonism to inhibit angiogenic processes in mammary carcinoma is therefore warranted.
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Tamada Y, Araki H, Imoto S, Nagasaki M, Doi A, Nakanishi Y, Tomiyasu Y, Yasuda K, Dunmore B, Sanders D, Humphreys S, Print C, Charnock-Jones DS, Tashiro K, Kuhara S, Miyano S. Unraveling dynamic activities of autocrine pathways that control drug-response transcriptome networks. Pac Symp Biocomput 2009:251-263. [PMID: 19209706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Some drugs affect secretion of secreted proteins (e.g. cytokines) released from target cells, but it remains unclear whether these proteins act in an autocrine manner and directly effect the cells on which the drugs act. In this study, we propose a computational method for testing a biological hypothesis: there exist autocrine signaling pathways that are dynamically regulated by drug response transcriptome networks and control them simultaneously. If such pathways are identified, they could be useful for revealing drug mode-of-action and identifying novel drug targets. By the node-set separation method proposed, dynamic structural changes can be embedded in transcriptome networks that enable us to find master-regulator genes or critical paths at each observed time. We then combine the protein-protein interaction network with the estimated dynamic transcriptome network to discover drug-affected autocrine pathways if they exist. The statistical significance (p-values) of the pathways are evaluated by the meta-analysis technique. The dynamics of the interactions between the transcriptome networks and the signaling pathways will be shown in this framework. We illustrate our strategy by an application using anti-hyperlipidemia drug, Fenofibrate. From over one million protein-protein interaction pathways, we extracted significant 23 autocrine-like pathways with the Bonferroni correction, including VEGF-NRP1-GIPC1-PRKCA-PPARalpha, that is one of the most significant ones and contains PPARalpha, a target of Fenofibrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tamada
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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Baidya S, Print C, Chamley L, Shelling A, Muthukaruppan A, Johnson N. The Good Oil: Investigations into the Fertility-enhancing Effect of Lipiodol. Biol Reprod 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/78.s1.214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hirose O, Yoshida R, Imoto S, Yamaguchi R, Higuchi T, Charnock-Jones DS, Print C, Miyano S. Statistical inference of transcriptional module-based gene networks from time course gene expression profiles by using state space models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 24:932-42. [PMID: 18292116 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Statistical inference of gene networks by using time-course microarray gene expression profiles is an essential step towards understanding the temporal structure of gene regulatory mechanisms. Unfortunately, most of the current studies have been limited to analysing a small number of genes because the length of time-course gene expression profiles is fairly short. One promising approach to overcome such a limitation is to infer gene networks by exploring the potential transcriptional modules which are sets of genes sharing a common function or involved in the same pathway. RESULTS In this article, we present a novel approach based on the state space model to identify the transcriptional modules and module-based gene networks simultaneously. The state space model has the potential to infer large-scale gene networks, e.g. of order 10(3), from time-course gene expression profiles. Particularly, we succeeded in the identification of a cell cycle system by using the gene expression profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which the length of the time-course and number of genes were 24 and 4382, respectively. However, when analysing shorter time-course data, e.g. of length 10 or less, the parameter estimations of the state space model often fail due to overfitting. To extend the applicability of the state space model, we provide an approach to use the technical replicates of gene expression profiles, which are often measured in duplicate or triplicate. The use of technical replicates is important for achieving highly-efficient inferences of gene networks with short time-course data. The potential of the proposed method has been demonstrated through the time-course analysis of the gene expression profiles of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) undergoing growth factor deprivation-induced apoptosis. AVAILABILITY Supplementary Information and the software (TRANS-MNET) are available at http://daweb.ism.ac.jp/~yoshidar/software/ssm/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Hirose
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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Affara M, Dunmore B, Savoie C, Imoto S, Tamada Y, Araki H, Charnock-Jones DS, Miyano S, Print C. Understanding endothelial cell apoptosis: what can the transcriptome, glycome and proteome reveal? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007; 362:1469-87. [PMID: 17569639 PMCID: PMC2440409 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis may play an important role in blood vessel development, homeostasis and remodelling. In support of this concept, EC apoptosis has been detected within remodelling vessels in vivo, and inactivation of EC apoptosis regulators has caused dramatic vascular phenotypes. EC apoptosis has also been associated with cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, understanding the regulation of EC apoptosis, with the goal of intervening in this process, has become a current research focus. The protein-based signalling and cleavage cascades that regulate EC apoptosis are well known. However, the possibility that programmed transcriptome and glycome changes contribute to EC apoptosis has only recently been explored. Traditional bioinformatic techniques have allowed simultaneous study of thousands of molecular signals during the process of EC apoptosis. However, to progress further, we now need to understand the complex cause and effect relationships among these signals. In this article, we will first review current knowledge about the function and regulation of EC apoptosis including the roles of the proteome transcriptome and glycome. Then, we assess the potential for further bioinformatic analysis to advance our understanding of EC apoptosis, including the limitations of current technologies and the potential of emerging technologies such as gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Affara
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge UniversityTennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Benjamin Dunmore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge UniversityThe Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2SW, UK
| | - Christopher Savoie
- GNI Ltd. Kasumigaseki IHF Building 3-5-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, 100-0013 Toyko, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Human Genome Centre, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge UniversityThe Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2SW, UK
- Bioinformatics Centre, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Araki
- GNI Ltd. Kasumigaseki IHF Building 3-5-1Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, 100-0013 Toyko, Japan
| | - D. Stephen Charnock-Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge UniversityThe Rosie Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2SW, UK
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Human Genome Centre, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Cristin Print
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland85 Park Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
- Author for correspondence ()
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Abstract
MOTIVATION Biological assays are often carried out on tissues that contain many cell lineages and active pathways. Microarray data produced using such material therefore reflect superimpositions of biological processes. Analysing such data for shared gene function by means of well-matched assays may help to provide a better focus on specific cell types and processes. The identification of genes that behave similarly in different biological systems also has the potential to reveal new insights into preserved biological mechanisms. RESULTS In this article, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian model allowing integrated analysis of several microarray data sets for shared gene function. Each gene is associated with an indicator variable that selects whether binary class labels are predicted from expression values or by a classifier which is common to all genes. Each indicator selects the component models for all involved data sets simultaneously. A quantitative measure of shared gene function is obtained by inferring a probability measure over these indicators. Through experiments on synthetic data, we illustrate potential advantages of this Bayesian approach over a standard method. A shared analysis of matched microarray experiments covering (a) a cycle of mouse mammary gland development and (b) the process of in vitro endothelial cell apoptosis is proposed as a biological gold standard. Several useful sanity checks are introduced during data analysis, and we confirm the prior biological belief that shared apoptosis events occur in both systems. We conclude that a Bayesian analysis for shared gene function has the potential to reveal new biological insights, unobtainable by other means. AVAILABILITY An online supplement and MatLab code are available at http://www.sykacek.net/research.html#mcabf
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sykacek
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria.
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Duval H, Johnson N, Li J, Evans A, Chen S, Licence D, Skepper J, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith S, Print C. Vascular development is disrupted by endothelial cell-specific expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Angiogenesis 2006; 10:55-68. [PMID: 17149535 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-006-9057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis has been detected in remodelling blood vessels in vivo, and inhibition of EC apoptosis appears to alter vascular morphogenesis in vitro, suggesting that EC apoptosis may play a role in blood vessel remodelling. However, apoptotic EC are difficult to quantify in vivo, and studies of the incidence of EC apoptosis and the sites at which it occurs in vivo have produced contradictory results. Therefore, the specific biological roles played by EC apoptosis remain unclear. Here, we have used a transgenic approach to determine the biological function of EC apoptosis in vivo. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 transgenes were expressed in mice under control of the EC-specific tie2 promoter. These transgenic mice died during the second half of gestation. While the development and remodelling of large vessels including aortic arch arteries and great veins proceeded normally, abnormally dense and disorganised networks of small vessels were present in the skin and internal organs. In addition, vessel organisation and lumen formation were disrupted in the placental labyrinth. This study provides direct experimental evidence that endothelial cell apoptosis plays an essential role during embryogenesis. Our results suggest that EC apoptosis plays an important role in determining the structure of the microcirculation but may be dispensable for large vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Duval
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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Walmsley SR, Print C, Farahi N, Peyssonnaux C, Johnson RS, Cramer T, Sobolewski A, Condliffe AM, Cowburn AS, Johnson N, Chilvers ER. Hypoxia-induced neutrophil survival is mediated by HIF-1alpha-dependent NF-kappaB activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 201:105-15. [PMID: 15630139 PMCID: PMC2212759 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key effector cells of the innate immune response and are required to migrate and function within adverse microenvironmental conditions. These inflammatory sites are characterized by low levels of oxygen and glucose and high levels of reductive metabolites. A major regulator of neutrophil functional longevity is the ability of these cells to undergo apoptosis. We examined the mechanism by which hypoxia causes an inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis in human and murine neutrophils. We show that neutrophils possess the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) hydroxylase oxygen-sensing pathway and using HIF-1α–deficient myeloid cells demonstrate that HIF-1α is directly involved in regulating neutrophil survival in hypoxia. Gene array, TaqMan PCR, Western blotting, and oligonucleotide binding assays identify NF-κB as a novel hypoxia-regulated and HIF-dependent target, with inhibition of NF-κB by gliotoxin or parthenolide resulting in the abrogation of hypoxic survival. In addition, we identify macrophage inflammatory protein-1β as a novel hypoxia-induced neutrophil survival factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Walmsley
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
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Print C, Valtola R, Evans A, Lessan K, Malik S, Smith S. Soluble factors from human endometrium promote angiogenesis and regulate the endothelial cell transcriptome. Hum Reprod 2004; 19:2356-66. [PMID: 15242995 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis and vascular remodeling play critical roles in the cyclical growth and regression of endometrium. They also appear to play roles in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Supernatants were collected from cultured endometrium isolated from women with and without endometriosis. These supernatants induced endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro. They contained vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and their proliferative effects on endothelial cells were partially abrogated by a blocking anti-VEGF-A antibody. Gene array analysis showed that culture supernatants from proliferative phase endometrium, and to a lesser extent secretory phase endometrium, induced significant changes in the transcriptome of endothelial cells. We could not detect any association between endometriosis and the ability of endometrial-derived soluble factors to promote angiogenesis or to regulate the endothelial transcriptome. In addition, we could not detect any association between endometriosis and the concentration of VEGF-A in supernatants from cultured endometrium or in menstrual effluent. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that endometrium cultured in vitro produced soluble factors, including VEGF-A, that promoted angiogenesis. Proliferative phase endometrium promoted significant endothelial cell transcriptome changes that appear overall to be pro-angiogenic. These transcriptome changes provide insight into the dynamic control of vessel structure on which both eutopic endometrium and endometriotic lesions depend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin Print
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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Ellis PJI, Furlong RA, Wilson A, Morris S, Carter D, Oliver G, Print C, Burgoyne PS, Loveland KL, Affara NA. Modulation of the mouse testis transcriptome during postnatal development and in selected models of male infertility. Mol Hum Reprod 2004; 10:271-81. [PMID: 14996999 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gah043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop an overview of genetic events during spermatogenesis using a novel, specifically targeted gonadal gene set. Two subtracted cDNA libraries enriched for testis specific and germ cell specific genes were constructed, characterized and sequenced. The combined libraries contain >1905 different genes, the vast majority previously uncharacterized in testis. cDNA microarray analysis of the first wave of murine spermatogenesis and of selected germ cell-deficient models was used to correlate the expression of groups of genes with the appearance of defined germ cell types, suggesting their cellular expression patterns within the testis. Real-time RT-PCR and comparison to previously known expression patterns confirmed the array-derived transcription profiles of 65 different genes, thus establishing high confidence in the profiles of the uncharacterized genes investigated in this study. A total of 1748 out of 1905 genes showed significant change during the first spermatogenic wave, demonstrating the successful targeting of the libraries to this process. These findings highlight unknown genes likely to be important in germ cell production, and demonstrate the utility of these libraries in further studies. Transcriptional analysis of well-characterized mouse models of infertility will allow us to address the causes and progression of the pathology in related human infertility phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J I Ellis
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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Abstract
The sculpting of blood vessels to meet the changing requirements of the tissues they supply is essential for life. Many researchers believe that endothelial cell apoptosis plays an important role in this process. This belief is bolstered by the detection of endothelial apoptosis within remodeling vessels in vivo, the dramatic vascular phenotypes of mice in which regulators of endothelial apoptosis have been inactivated and the apparent dependence of angiogenesis on endothelial apoptosis in vitro. However, when examined carefully, the evidence for or against endothelial cell apoptosis playing an important role in vascular biology is largely indirect and is far from clear-cut. In this review, we will discuss the idiosyncratic process of endothelial cell apoptosis. We will then examine its complex regulation and weigh the in vitro and in vivo evidence that it plays a significant role in mammalian vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Duval
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
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O'Reilly LA, Print C, Hausmann G, Moriishi K, Cory S, Huang DC, Strasser A. Tissue expression and subcellular localization of the pro-survival molecule Bcl-w. Cell Death Differ 2001; 8:486-94. [PMID: 11423909 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2000] [Revised: 12/21/2000] [Accepted: 12/21/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-w, maintain cell viability by preventing the activation of the cell death effectors, the caspases. Gene targeting experiments in mice have demonstrated that Bcl-w is required for spermatogenesis and for survival of damaged epithelial cells in the gut. Bcl-w is, however, dispensable for physiological cell death in other tissues. Here we report on the analysis of Bcl-w protein expression using a panel of novel monoclonal antibodies. Bcl-w is found in a diverse range of tissues including colon, brain and testes. A survey of transformed cell lines and purified hematopoietic cells demonstrated that Bcl-w is expressed in cells of myeloid, lymphoid and epithelial origin. Subcellular fractionation and confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that Bcl-w protein is associated with intracellular membranes. The implications of these results are discussed in the context of the phenotype of Bcl-w-null mice and recent data that suggest that Bcl-w may play a role in colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Pritchard DM, Print C, O'Reilly L, Adams JM, Potten CS, Hickman JA. Bcl-w is an important determinant of damage-induced apoptosis in epithelia of small and large intestine. Oncogene 2000; 19:3955-9. [PMID: 10951589 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The potential role of the bcl-2 relative bcl-w as a physiological regulator of apoptosis in intestinal epithelia has been investigated. Immunoblots for bcl-w with new monoclonal antibodies revealed that it was expressed in the small intestine and colon, among other murine tissues, as well as in six human tumour cell lines of epithelial origin, including two colon carcinoma lines. To assess whether bcl-w regulates either spontaneous or damage-induced apoptosis in the small intestine or colon, apoptosis in intestinal crypts of bcl-w -/- and wild-type mice was quantified microscopically on a cell positional basis. Spontaneous apoptosis within crypt epithelia was not significantly increased by loss of bcl-w, in either the small intestine or midcolon. However, after treatment with the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil or with gamma-radiation, the bcl-w-null animals exhibited substantially more apoptosis than their wild-type counterparts in both tissues. The greatest enhancement of apoptosis attributable to the absence of bcl-w (up to sixfold) occurred in the small intestine. Hence, bcl-w is an important determinant of damage-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelia, and unlike bcl-2, which regulates only colonic apoptosis, plays a major role in small intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Pritchard
- CRC Department of Epithelial Biology, Paterson Institute, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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O'Reilly LA, Cullen L, Visvader J, Lindeman GJ, Print C, Bath ML, Huang DC, Strasser A. The proapoptotic BH3-only protein bim is expressed in hematopoietic, epithelial, neuronal, and germ cells. Am J Pathol 2000; 157:449-61. [PMID: 10934149 PMCID: PMC1850143 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members activate cell death by neutralizing their anti-apoptotic relatives, which in turn maintain cell viability by regulating the activation of the cell death effectors, the caspases. Bim belongs to a distinct subgroup of proapoptotic proteins that only resemble other Bcl-2 family members within the short BH3 domain. Gene targeting experiments in mice have shown that Bim is essential for the execution of some but not all apoptotic stimuli, for hematopoietic cell homeostasis, and as a barrier against autoimmunity. There are three Bim isoforms, Bim(S), Bim(L), and Bim(EL), which have different proapoptotic potencies due at least in part to differences in interaction with the dynein motor complex. The expression pattern of Bim was investigated by immunohistochemical staining, immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting, and in situ hybridization. Bim was found in hematopoietic, epithelial, neuronal, and germ cells. Bim(L) and Bim(EL) were coexpressed at similar levels in many cell types, but Bim(S) was not detected. Microscopic examination revealed a punctate pattern of Bim(L) and Bim(EL) immunostaining, indicating association with cytoplasmic structures. These results are discussed in the context of the phenotype of Bim-deficient mice and the post-translational regulation of Bim's pro-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A O'Reilly
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and the Rotary Bone Marrow Research Laboratories, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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al Saati T, Tkaczuk J, Krissansen G, Print C, Pileri S, Ralfkiaer E, Grogan TM, Meggetto F, Delsol G. A novel antigen detected by the CBF.78 antibody further distinguishes anaplastic large cell lymphoma from Hodgkin's disease. Blood 1995; 86:2741-6. [PMID: 7670113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel antigen detected by the CBF.78 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) is strongly expressed on cortical thymocytes and weakly expressed on resting peripheral T lymphocytes. Expression of the antigen is increased on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and anti-CD3-activated T lymphocytes and on Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes. The CBF.78 immunoprecipitated a protein of 116 kD from resting and PHA-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CBF.78 MoAb did not inhibit T-cell proliferation induced by anti-CD3 antibody. This MoAb was effective for immunostaining on paraffin sections after microwave-oven heating of tissue sections. Among malignant lymphomas, the antigen recognized by CBF.78 MoAb was found to be mainly expressed by T-cell lymphomas (49+ of 74), particularly those of high-grade malignancy (31+ of 36), whereas only occasional B-cell lymphomas (4+ of 107) expressed the antigen. A distinctive pattern of reactivity was shown by 108 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Strong positivity for CBF.78 antibody was observed in 86+ of 108 cases, irrespective of B, T, or null phenotype. This multicenter study suggests that CBF.78 MoAb could be of diagnostic value in differentiating Hodgkin's-like anaplastic large cell lymphomas from cases of Hodgkin's disease rich in neoplastic cells. Only a few cases of Hodgkin's disease (13+ of 126) showed rare Reed-Sternberg cells that stained, In these few cases, staining was weak to moderate and confined to cytoplasm. CBF.78 MoAb was nonreactive with all nonhematopoietic neoplasms examined (0+ of 48). Further studies should delineate the function of this new antigen and its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- T al Saati
- Department of Pathology and CIGH/CNRS, CHU-Purpan, Toulouse, France
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Coles J, Dobbyn M, Print C. Nursing students' perceptions of teaching in the clinical area. Aust Nurses J 1981; 11:47-9. [PMID: 6913392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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