P-Band Induced Self-Organization and Dynamics with Repulsively Driven Ultracold Atoms in an Optical Cavity

We investigate a Bose-Einstein condensate strongly coupled to an optical cavity via a repulsive optical lattice. We detect a stable self-ordered phase in this regime, and show that the atoms order through an antisymmetric coupling to the P band of the lattice, limiting the extent of the phase and changing the geometry of the emergent density modulation. Furthermore, we find a nonequilibrium phase with repeated intense bursts of the intracavity photon number, indicating nontrivial driven-dissipative dynamics.

The effect of diet on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease

The role that diet plays in the management of plasma lipid levels is discussed in this review. It has long been recognized that saturated fatty acids and cholesterol raise the plasma cholesterol level whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids lower it. Recently, the effects of other dietary constituents in the management of plasma lipid levels have been established. In particular, monounsaturated fatty acids, soluble fiber, and vegetarian diets favorably affect plasma lipid levels. Overweight and obesity adversely affect plasma lipid levels. Omega-3 fatty acids are hypotriglyceridemic, and high carbohydrate diets low in saturated fatty acids are hypocholesterolemic. Further work is required to establish the long-term consequences of alcohol and coffee consumption on the plasma lipid response. A variety of alternative dietary strategies can be employed in conjunction with traditional dietary recommendations (i.e., reduce total fat, especially saturated fatty acids and dietary cholesterol) for the management of plasma lipid levels. The expected plasma total cholesterol (specifically low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol) reduction is approximately 10% to 20% when dietary saturated fatty acids and cholesterol are decreased to less than or equal to 7% of calories and less than or equal to 200 mg of cholesterol per day. Further dietary modifications, such as increasing soluble fiber, may lead to additional reductions of 1% to 10% in plasma total cholesterol.

Associations of diet and alcohol intake with high-density lipoprotein subclasses

Nutritional components from three-day records were studied in association with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, serum HDL2-mass, serum HDL3-mass, and plasma HDL apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and D concentrations in a cross-sectional survey of 77 adult males. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that the serum concentrations of HDL3 were strongly associated with the intakes of various nutrients, whereas serum HDL2 concentrations showed only weak nutritional associations. Carbohydrate intake correlated negatively with HDL3 concentrations, and alcohol intake correlated positively with serum concentrations of HDL3 and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and D. These associations remained significant when adjusted for cigarette smoking, adiposity, and aerobic fitness. HDL2 did not correlate significantly with alcohol intake, total carbohydrates, or starch. HDL-cholesterol concentrations showed two distinct regions of inverse association with intake of sucrose, one involving HDL3 with sucrose between 0 and 10 g/1,000 kcal and one involving HDL2 with sucrose above 25 g/1000 kcal. Alcohol, sucrose, and starch together accounted for 36% of the variance of HDL3 concentration, but less than 5% of the variance of HDL2 concentration. Thus, serum concentrations of HDL3 and HDL2 show different relationships to major dietary components.

Dairy product consumption

In the announcement of the 1985 winter schedule of the Gordon Research Conferences (5 Oct., p. 77), the dates for the conference "Multiple Opiate Receptors" (on p. 79) were incorrectly given. The conference will be held in February, not January. The days of the month were correct.