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Ungerfeld EM, Pitta D. Review: Biological consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis. Animal 2024:101170. [PMID: 38772773 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Decreasing enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants is important for containing global warming to 1.5 °C and avoid the worst consequences of climate change. However, the objective of mitigating enteric CH4 emissions is difficult to reconcile with the forecasted increase in production of ruminant meat and milk, unless CH4 production per animal and per kilogram of animal product are decreased substantially. Chemical compound 3-nitrooxypropanol and bromoform-containing red algae Asparagopsis are currently the most potent inhibitors of rumen methanogenesis, but their average efficacy would have to be increased to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions to contain global warming to 1.5 °C, if the demand for ruminant products increases as predicted. We propose that it may be possible to enhance the efficacy of inhibitors of methanogenesis through understanding the mechanisms that cause variation in their efficacy across studies. We also propose that a more thorough understanding of the effects of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen and postabsorptive metabolism may help improve feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness as co-benefits of the methanogenesis inhibition intervention. For enhancing efficacy, we examine herein how different inhibitors of methanogenesis affect the composition of the rumen microbial community and discuss some mechanisms that may explain dissimilar sensitivities among methanogens to different types of inhibitors. For improving feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness, we discuss the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen fermentation, and how changes in rumen fermentation can in turn affect postabsorptive metabolism and animal performance. The objectives of this review are to identify knowledge gaps of the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen microbiology and rumen and postabsorptive metabolism, propose research to address those knowledge gaps and discuss the implications that this research can have for the efficacy and adoption of inhibitors of methanogenesis. Depending on its outcomes, research on the microbiological, biochemical, and metabolic consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis could help the adoption of feed additives inhibitors of methanogenesis to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants to ameliorate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Camino Cajón a Vilcún km 10, 4880000 Vilcún, La Araucanía, Chile.
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 19348 Kenneth Square, PA, United States
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Wasson DE, Stefenoni H, Cueva SF, Lage C, Räisänen SE, Melgar A, Fetter M, Hennessy M, Narayan K, Indugu N, Pitta D, Yarish C, Hristov AN. Screening macroalgae for mitigation of enteric methane in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9835. [PMID: 37330586 PMCID: PMC10276865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of 67 species of macroalgae on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in vitro. Specimens were analyzed for their effect on ruminal fermentation and microbial community profiles. Incubations were carried out in an automated gas production system for 24-h and macroalgae were tested at 2% (feed dry matter basis) inclusion rate. Methane yield was decreased 99% by Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) when compared with the control. Colpomenia peregrina also decreased methane yield 14% compared with control; no other species influenced methane yield. Total gas production was decreased 14 and 10% by AT and Sargassum horneri compared with control, respectively. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was decreased between 5 and 8% by 3 macroalgae, whereas AT reduced it by 10%. Molar proportion of acetate was decreased 9% by AT, along with an increase in propionate by 14%. Asparagopsis taxiformis also increased butyrate and valerate molar proportions by 7 and 24%, respectively, whereas 3 macroalgae species decreased molar proportion of butyrate 3 to 5%. Vertebrata lanosa increased ammonia concentration, whereas 3 other species decreased it. Inclusion of AT decreased relative abundance of Prevotella, Bacteroidales, Firmicutes and Methanobacteriaceae, whereas Clostridium, Anaerovibrio and Methanobrevibacter were increased. Specific gene activities for Methanosphaera stadtmane and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium were decreased by AT inclusion. In this in vitro study, Asparagopsis taxiformis was most effective in decreasing methane concentration and yield, but also decreased total gas production and VFA concentration which indicates overall inhibition of ruminal fermentation. No other macroalgae were identified as potential mitigants of enteric methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - H Stefenoni
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - C Lage
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Melgar
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Agricultural Innovation Institute of Panama (IDIAP), 161 Carlos Lara Street, City of Knowledge, 07144, Panama
| | - M Fetter
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - M Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - K Narayan
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - N Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - C Yarish
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, 06901, USA
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Tricarico J, de Haas Y, Hristov A, Kebreab E, Kurt T, Mitloehner F, Pitta D. Symposium review: Development of a funding program to support research on enteric methane mitigation from ruminants. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:8535-8542. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Indugu N, Hennessy M, Kaplan-Shabtai V, de Assis Lage C, Räisänen S, Melgar A, Nedelkov K, Chen X, Oh J, Vecchiarelli B, Bender J, Hristov A, Pitta D. Comparing noninvasive sampling techniques with standard cannula sampling method for ruminal microbial analysis. JDS Communications 2021; 2:329-333. [PMID: 36337103 PMCID: PMC9623630 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruminal cannula is the gold standard for sampling rumen contents but is limited to few animals. Noninvasive methods are needed as proxy for cannula to enable sampling larger numbers of cows. Saliva, rumination bolus, tube-derived rumen samples, and feces were compared with cannula samples. Microbial community in the solid fraction of tube samples mirrored that of cannula samples. Rumination bolus may serve as a proxy for cannula samples under certain conditions.
Rumen microbes play an important role in the conversion of indigestible plant material to energy and protein in dairy cows. Sampling for ruminal contents via cannula is considered the gold standard technique for microbial analysis, but the technique requires ruminally cannulated animals and specialized animal facilities. The purpose of this study was to determine whether other sampling methods and locations along the digestive tract may serve as noninvasive proxies to the cannula method for microbial analysis. Six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein dairy cows were adapted to a standard total mixed ration for 2 wk and sampled during the third week. Sampling locations and methods included salivary content, rumination bolus (regurgitated digesta collected from the cow's mouth), feces, and rumen contents via stomach tube and cannula. Stomach tube and cannula samples differ in proportions of solid and liquid material and were therefore separated into whole (as collected), liquid, and solid fractions. Samples were collected at 0 (before feeding), 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after feeding over 2 d. All samples were extracted for total genomic DNA and selected samples for metabolically active DNA (RNA), PCR-amplified for the V1-V2 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene, and analyzed for bacterial diversity using the QIIME2 pipeline followed by statistical analysis in R (https://www.R-project.org/). In DNA-based analysis, at the community level, saliva, rumination bolus, and fecal samples clustered in separate groups, whereas all fractions of stomach tube and cannula samples clustered together, indicating that microbial communities of stomach tube and cannula samples were homogeneous. Rumination bolus samples at 6, 8, and 12 h after feeding clustered with stomach tube and cannula samples, indicating that rumination bolus samples may be an alternative for cannula samples; however, time of sampling is critical for sampling of bolus digesta. Results of the RNA-based analysis of rumination bolus samples and solid samples from cannula and stomach tube at 0 and 6 h after feeding were similar. We concluded that the solid fraction of samples obtained via the stomach tube method may serve as a proxy for the solid fraction of whole ruminal contents obtained via cannula for DNA-based microbial investigations. Both rumination bolus and stomach tube solid samples may serve as proxies for cannula solid samples for RNA-based microbial analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - M. Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - V.S. Kaplan-Shabtai
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - C.F. de Assis Lage
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S.E. Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - A. Melgar
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - K. Nedelkov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - X. Chen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - J. Oh
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - B. Vecchiarelli
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - J.S. Bender
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
| | - A.N. Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - D.W. Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348
- Corresponding author
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Stefenoni HA, Räisänen SE, Cueva SF, Wasson DE, Lage CFA, Melgar A, Fetter ME, Smith P, Hennessy M, Vecchiarelli B, Bender J, Pitta D, Cantrell CL, Yarish C, Hristov AN. Effects of the macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis and oregano leaves on methane emission, rumen fermentation, and lactational performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:4157-4173. [PMID: 33516546 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asparagopsis taxiformis (AT) is a source of multiple halogenated compounds and, in a limited number of studies, has been shown to decrease enteric CH4 emission in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, oregano has been suggested as a potential CH4 mitigating agent. This study consisted of 2 in vitro and 2 in vivo experiments. Experiment (Exp.) 1 was aimed at establishing the effect of AT on CH4 emission in vitro. Two experiments (Exp. 2 and 3) with lactating dairy cows were conducted to determine the antimethanogenic effect of AT and oregano (Exp. 3) in vivo. Another experiment (Exp. 4) was designed to investigate stability of bromoform (CHBr3) in AT over time. In Exp. 3, 20 Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four 28-d periods. Treatments were basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with (dry matter basis) 0.25% AT (LowAT), 0.50% AT (HighAT), or 1.77% oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) leaves. Enteric gas emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD), and rumen samples were collected for fermentation analysis using the ororuminal technique. In Exp.1 (in vitro), relative to the control, AT (at 1% dry matter basis, inclusion rate) decreased CH4 yield by 98%. In Exp. 3, HighAT decreased average daily CH4 emission and CH4 yield by 65% and 55%, respectively, in experimental periods 1 and 2, but had no effect in periods 3 and 4. The differential response to AT among experimental periods was likely a result of a decrease in CHBr3 concentration in AT over time, as observed in Exp. 4 (up to 84% decrease in 4 mo of storage). In Exp. 3, H2 emission was increased by AT and, as expected, the proportion of acetate in the total volatile fatty acids in the rumen was decreased and those of propionate and butyrate were increased by HighAT compared with the control. Compared with the control, HighAT decreased dry matter intake, milk yield, and energy-corrected milk yield in Exp. 3. Milk composition was not affected by treatment, except lactose percentage and yield were decreased by HighAT. Concentrations of iodine and bromide in milk were increased by HighAT compared with the control. Milk CHBr3 concentration and its organoleptic characteristics were not different between control and HighAT. Oregano had no effect on CH4 emission or lactational performance of the cows in Exp. 3. Overall, AT included at 0.50% in the ration of dairy cows can have a large mitigation effect on enteric CH4 emission, but dry matter intake and milk production may also decrease. There was a marked decrease in the CH4 mitigation potential of AT in the second half of Exp. 3, likely resulting from CHBr3 decay over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Stefenoni
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S F Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - D E Wasson
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - C F A Lage
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - A Melgar
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M E Fetter
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - P Smith
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M Hennessy
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - B Vecchiarelli
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - J Bender
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348
| | - C L Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University, MS 38677
| | - C Yarish
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Connecticut, Stamford 06901
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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Stewart HL, Southwood LL, Indugu N, Vecchiarelli B, Engiles JB, Pitta D. Differences in the equine faecal microbiota between horses presenting to a tertiary referral hospital for colic compared with an elective surgical procedure. Equine Vet J 2018; 51:336-342. [PMID: 30153353 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The faecal microbiota is emerging as potentially important in intestinal disease. More research is needed to characterise the faecal microbiota from horses with colic. OBJECTIVES To compare the relative abundance of bacterial populations comprising the faecal microbiota in horses presenting for colic compared with an elective surgical procedure. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational clinical study. METHODS Admission faecal samples were collected from horses presenting for colic and elective surgical procedures. Faecal samples were extracted for genomic DNA, PCR- amplified, sequenced and analysed using QIIME. Species richness and Shannon diversity were estimated for each faecal sample. The extent of the relationship between bacterial communities (beta diversity) was quantified using pairwise UniFrac distances, visualised using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and statistically analysed using PERMANOVA. The relative abundance of bacterial populations between the two treatment groups were compared using ANCOM. RESULTS Faecal bacterial communities in horses presenting for colic had fewer species (P<0.001) and lower diversity (P<0.001) compared with horses presenting for elective surgical procedures. Based on the PERMANOVA analysis, there was a significant difference in the bacterial community composition between horses admitted for colic vs. elective procedures (P = 0.001). Based on ANCOM test, at the genus level, 14 bacterial lineages differed between the two groups. The relative abundance of known commensal bacteria including Prevotella, Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae were reduced whereas Christenellaceae, Streptococcus and Sphaerochaeta were increased in horses with colic when compared with elective cases. MAIN LIMITATIONS Relative low numbers and a diverse population of horses. CONCLUSIONS Changes in bacterial populations in the faecal microbiota of horses presenting for colic observed in this study concurs with previous studies in veterinary and human patients with gastrointestinal disease. Future studies focusing on different causes of colic, chronic or recurrent disease, and the association with histological changes within the intestine are needed. The Summary is available in Portuguese - see Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Stewart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - L L Southwood
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - N Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - B Vecchiarelli
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J B Engiles
- Department of Pathobiology, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pitta D, Indugu N, Vecchiarelli B, Rico D, Harvatine K. Alterations in ruminal bacterial populations at induction and recovery from diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:295-309. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pitta D, Kumar S, Veiccharelli B, Parmar N, Reddy B, Joshi C. Bacterial diversity associated with feeding dry forage at different dietary concentrations in the rumen contents of Mehshana buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) using 16S pyrotags. Anaerobe 2014; 25:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pitta D, Gallagher J, Bonneau L, Poore S, Leverson G, Winborne C, Horton J, Neuman H, Wilke L. The Impact of Prior Breast Augmentation on Short and Long Term Surgical Outcomes for Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer. J Surg Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.11.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bragança J, Derchain S, Pitta D, Maito A, Vassallo J, Pinto G, Andrade L, Sarian L. O142 Expression of the cell-cycle regulators p21, p16 and p53 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pitta D, Barry T, Lopez-Villalobos N, Attwood G. Effect of willow supplementation upon plasma amino acid concentration in ewes grazing drought pastures of low nutritive value. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pitta D, Barry T, Lopez-Villalobos N, Kemp P. Willow fodder blocks—An alternate forage to low quality pasture for mating ewes during drought? Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Franchini F, Pitta D, Pozzessere A, Cocchi C, Casini T. [Middle lobe syndrome in children. Critical review]. Pediatr Med Chir 1995; 17:135-8. [PMID: 7610076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical, radiological and anatomo-evolutive pictures of this syndrome are typical. It is suggested that cases are more frequent than is generally thought and that their recognition is delayed on account of the considerable time that often elapses before repeated infection of the respiratory system, particularly the middle lobe, results in the onset of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Franchini
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Firenze, Italia
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Pitta D, Franchini F, Pozzessere A, Casini T, Mazzoli S, Antonini E, Cocchi P. [Guideline for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents (University of Florence, Pediatric Department)]. Pediatr Med Chir 1995; 17:139-42. [PMID: 7610077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent had in the past rarely been affected by sexually transmitted infections. Nowadays they must be considered possibly running such risks as they begin their sexual activity earlier or do not know enough about these kinds of troubles. Therefore a valid primary prevention is necessary based upon correct information.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pitta
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Firenze, Italia
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Franchini F, Cristiano R, Pitta D, Pozzessere A, Cocchi C. [Infantile idiopathic scoliosis with onset in the 1st year of life]. Pediatr Med Chir 1994; 16:571-4. [PMID: 7708542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical and radiological characteristics of idiopathic scoliosis with onset in the first year of life is described. The importance of a careful objective examination of nurslings with respect to scoliosis is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Franchini
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Firenze, Italia
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Franchini F, Pitta D, Brizzi I. [The new parents. The importance of the pediatrician-child-parent triad]. Pediatr Med Chir 1994; 16:491-2. [PMID: 7885962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During these past years pediatricians have been more and more interested to the adolescent's matters. Undoubtedly adolescent's behavioural disturbances are to be bound to a childhood spent in a wrong way, and contemporarily managed by parents who, despite their maximum dedication, have not "trained" their children according to specific "fundamentals", probably because also they themselves, when children, have not been submitted to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Franchini
- Società Italiana Medicina dell'Adolescente, Firenze, Italia
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Franchini F, Brizzi I, Pitta D, Cocchi C. [The emotional rapport between mother and child during the first months of life]. Pediatr Med Chir 1994; 16:269-71. [PMID: 7971451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding children involves a mutual interaction between their parents and them; interaction in which everyone is influenced by and, contemporarily, influences the others. In fact the act of administering food is considered to be fundamental inside the relationship between the mother and her child. Such a relationship can supply consequences that are important for the children's physical, emotional and cognitive growth, particularly in their first two years of life. Therefore, any time a child arrives at the pediatrician's attention showing a nourishment matter, and anamnesis and examination are indicative of a lack of evidence that may address to a physical disease, the next zone to be indagated must be the existing relationship between the child and his family.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Franchini
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università, Firenze, Italia
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