1
|
George PE, Gamble AV, Palzer EF, Brearley AM, Johnson DE, Eckerle JK. Health of Post-Institutionalized Haitian Children Adopted to the United States. Matern Child Health J 2023:10.1007/s10995-022-03574-4. [PMID: 36737526 PMCID: PMC9897990 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Haiti remains a principal placement country for intercountry adoptees to the United States. This project reports the health status of children adopted from Haiti arriving to the U.S. and compares them to intercountry adoptees from other regions. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of adoptees placed in the U.S. from Haiti (n=87), age and sex matched with intercountry adoptees placed in the U.S. from Asia (n=87) and Latin America (n=87) between January 2010 and November 2019. Data on immunization status, contagious diseases, and nutrition and growth were analyzed via linear, logistic, and multinomial regression. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, and standardized height, children adopted from Haiti, compared to adoptees from Latin America and Asia, demonstrated a lack of immunity to hepatitis B (OR=5.89;6.87), increased immunity to hepatitis A (OR=0.38;0.30), infection by two or more parasites (OR=8.43;38.48), high lead levels (OR=23.79;7.04), and anemia (OR=15.25;9.18). Unexpectedly, children adopted from Haiti had greater standardized height (-1.28 vs. -1.82 and -2.13) and standardized weight (-0.32 vs. -0.57 and -1.57) than their counterparts from Latin America and Asia. CONCLUSIONS Children adopted from Haiti face complex medical challenges undoubtedly related to the country's low socioeconomic status (SES) and the impact of recurrent natural disasters and governmental neglect on public health infrastructure. Appropriate care is critical in preventing and avoiding transmission of infectious diseases in adoptees and family members. The high incidence of anemia and elevated lead levels may further exacerbate the developmental effects of early institutional deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya E. George
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Anna V. Gamble
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Elise F. Palzer
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ann M. Brearley
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Dana E. Johnson
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Judith K. Eckerle
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johnson DE, Granville R, Lovett E, Runau F, Chaudhri S. Pilonidal sinus laser-assisted closure (PiLAC) - a low-morbidity alternative to excision with excellent long-term outcomes. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:132-135. [PMID: 35446708 PMCID: PMC9889171 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrence after surgery for pilonidal sinus disease is a recognised problem and patients often re-present months after discharge. We routinely treat primary and recurrent pilonidal sinus disease with Pilonidal sinus Laser-Assisted Closure (PiLAC). Long-term outcomes following PiLAC surgery was examined following clinical and telephone review. METHODS All patients undergoing PiLAC as a day-case between April 2016 and July 2019 were included. Patients were followed up in a nurse-led clinic until complete healing or recurrence. A prospective database and retrospective audit of notes combined with longer-term follow-up by telephone were used. RESULTS A total of 35 patients underwent PiLAC, median age 28 (18-53 years), 28 males:7 females. A total of 28 patients had long-term (>60 days) follow-up, mean 407 days (range 67-887 days); 25/28 patients (89.3%) had healed with no recurrence on long-term follow-up. Of these 28 patients, 11 were first presentation of pilonidal disease and underwent PiLAC as their first treatment, with a 91% heal rate long term. A total of 15 patients had seton drainage prior to PiLAC, with a 93% heal rate versus no seton (83%). Fisher's exact test showed no significant difference between sex, new/recurrent pilonidal disease and seton placement (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Healing after PiLAC for the treatment of primary and recurrent pilonidal sinus disease is preserved with excellent long-term outcomes. We recommend it as an alternative to surgical excision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DE Johnson
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - R Granville
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - E Lovett
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - F Runau
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - S Chaudhri
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hearst MO, Adelli R, Hepperlen R, Biggs J, DeGracia D, Ngulube E, Maluskiku-Mwewa B, Johnson DE, Rabaey P. Community-based intervention to reduce stigma for children with disabilities in Lusaka, Zambia: a pilot. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:2295-2304. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1829105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary O. Hearst
- Public Health, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Rakesh Adelli
- Public Health, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Biggs
- Physical Therapy, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Donna DeGracia
- Physician Assistant Studies, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Dana E. Johnson
- Division of Neonatology and Global Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paula Rabaey
- Occupational Therapy, Henrietta Schmoll School of Health, St. Catherine University, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Duschinsky R, Fox NA, Goldman PS, Gunnar MR, Johnson DE, Nelson CA, Reijman S, Skinner GCM, Zeanah CH, Sonuga-Barke EJS. Institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation of children 1: a systematic and integrative review of evidence regarding effects on development. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:703-720. [PMID: 32589867 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Primary Care Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robbie Duschinsky
- Primary Care Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Megan R Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dana E Johnson
- Divisions of Neonatology and Global Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Reijman
- Primary Care Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guy C M Skinner
- Primary Care Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charles H Zeanah
- Institute of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Abstract
A method for determining calcium or sodium cyclaniate in canned fruits and fruit products has been developed. The cyclamate salt in a homogenized portion of fruit is hydrolyzed to cyclohexylamine in the presence of hydrochloric acid at 125°C and 15 psi. The cyclohexylamine is extracted into chloroform and reacts with ethanolic p-quinone to produce 2-(cyclohexylamine)-l,4-benzoquinone, which is determined spectrophotometrically at 493 mµ. Sucrose and saccharin do not interfere. Eleven collaborators tested the method on canned pears, peaches, pineapple, and grapefruit. Each fruit was fortified at two different levels with sodium cyclamate. The average recovery of both levels of cyclamate salt in all four fruits was 98.7%. Each collaborator also tested the method on a can of commercially canned dietary peach pie filling. The results were good, and the method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E Johnson
- Food and Drug Administration, 240 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. 55401
| | - H B Nunn
- Food and Drug Administration, 240 Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. 55401
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palacios J, Adroher S, Brodzinsky DM, Grotevant HD, Johnson DE, Juffer F, Martínez-Mora L, Muhamedrahimov RJ, Selwyn J, Simmonds J, Tarren-Sweeney M. Adoption in the service of child protection: An international interdisciplinary perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1037/law0000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
Johnson DE, Tang A, Almas AN, Degnan KA, McLaughlin KA, Nelson CA, Fox NA, Zeanah CH, Drury SS. Caregiving Disruptions Affect Growth and Pubertal Development in Early Adolescence in Institutionalized and Fostered Romanian Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2018; 203:345-353.e3. [PMID: 30172435 PMCID: PMC6271564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of foster care vs institutional care, as well as disruptions in the caregiving environment on physical development through early adolescence. STUDY DESIGN This was a randomized controlled trial of 114 institutionalized, though otherwise healthy, children from 6 orphanages and 51 never institutionalized control children living in birth families (family care group) in Bucharest, Romania. Children were followed from baseline (21 months, range 5-31) through age 12 years for caregiving disruptions and growth trajectories and through age 14 years for pubertal development. RESULTS Children randomized to the foster care group showed greater rates of growth in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) through age 12 years than institutionalized group. Tanner development was delayed in institutionalized group boys compared with foster care group and family care group boys at 12 but not 14 years. There were no differences in Tanner development and age of menarche among foster care group, institutionalized group, and family care group girls at ages 12 and 14 years. More disruptions in caregiving between 30 months and 12 years moderated decreases in growth rates of height in foster care group and weight in foster care group and institutionalized group across age. institutionalized group boys with ≥2 disruptions showed lower Tanner scores at age 12 vs institutionalized group and foster care group boys with <2 disruptions. foster care group girls with ≥2 disruptions had higher Tanner scores at age 14 vs foster care group girls with <2 disruptions. Age of menarche was not affected by caregiving disruptions. CONCLUSIONS For children who experienced early institutionalization, stable placement within family care is essential to ensuring the best outcomes for physical developmental. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00747396.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Johnson
- Division of Neonatology and Global Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minnesota, MN.
| | - Alva Tang
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Alisa N Almas
- The Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Kathryn A Degnan
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
| | | | - Charles A Nelson
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Charles H Zeanah
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Stacy S Drury
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
We have evaluated the serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen in patients with adenocarcinoma of the kidney, adenocarcinoma of the prostate, germ cell tumors of the testis, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and SCC of the penis, urethra, and bladder. Serum SCC antigen levels were elevated in 5 of 11 patients (45%) with metastatic SCC of the penis, and in the 3 patients for whom serial determinations were made, the serum levels correlated correctly with the progression of disease or response to treatment. The antigen was elevated in 1 of 3 patients with SCC of the urethra, and 1 apparent false-positive value was observed in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Otherwise, no SCC antigen elevations were noted among 10 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, 8 with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the kidney, 11 with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 8 with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis, and 2 patients with metastatic SCC of the bladder
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K I Wishnow
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The genomic landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been recently elucidated. Key epigenetic and genetic characteristics of this cancer have been reported and substantiated in multiple data sets, including those distinctive to the growing subset of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated tumors. This increased understanding of the molecular underpinnings of HNSCC has not resulted in new approaches to treatment. Three Food and Drug Administration-approved molecular targeting agents are currently available to treat recurrent/metastatic disease, but these have exhibited efficacy only in subsets of HNSCC patients, and thus surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation remain as standard approaches. The lack of predictive biomarkers to any therapy represents an obstacle to achieving the promise of precision medicine. This review aims to familiarize the reader with current insights into the HNSCC genomic landscape, discuss the currently approved and promising molecular targeting agents under exploration in laboratories and clinics, and consider precision medicine approaches to HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Kemmer
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D E Johnson
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J R Grandis
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moberg SA, Ng R, Johnson DE, Kroupina MG. IMPACT OF JOINT ATTENTION ON SOCIAL-COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN INTERNATIONALLY ADOPTED CHILDREN. Infant Ment Health J 2017; 38:575-587. [PMID: 28806861 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Internationally adopted (IA) children have often experienced early adversity and are at risk for long-term deficiencies in multiple developmental domains. This study examined the association between IA children's joint attention (JA) soon after arrival and later cognitive, communicative, and socioemotional competency 6 months' postadoption. We expected a child's initial JA would positively predict later cognitive, communication, and social ability. IA children (n = 63) adopted from Eastern Europe were seen soon after their arrival into the United States to assess their JA. Their socioemotional competency, social communication, and cognitive abilities were measured at a follow-up session 6 months' postadoption. We found that higher order JA was positively associated with measures of social relatedness. Furthermore, individual hierarchical regressions of each measure of JA (higher order JA, initiating JA, responding to JA, and initiating behavior requests [BR]) considered with age-at-adoption showed that each measure was an independent and positive predictor of Mullen outcomes in the receptive and expressive language domains. These results suggest that JA may be a sensitive predictor of subsequent functioning in the social, communicative, and cognitive domains. Thus, assessing JA soon after arrival has the potential to identify at-risk IA children, and interventions targeting JA may support those children in overcoming the negative impacts of early adversity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The authors present a case of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma presenting in a newborn with stridor and respiratory distress that progressed to respiratory failure. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed findings compatible with the diagnosis of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The family pursued palliative care and postmortem examination confirmed WHO grade III astrocytoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Satrom
- 1 Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel A Phelan
- 2 Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher L Moertel
- 3 Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - H Brent Clark
- 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dana E Johnson
- 1 Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas N George
- 1 Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fuglestad AJ, Kroupina MG, Johnson DE, Georgieff MK. Micronutrient status and neurodevelopment in internationally adopted children. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:e67-76. [PMID: 26439893 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the status of nutrients relevant for brain development in internationally adoptees from disparate global regions and determine whether identified deficiencies are associated with neurodevelopment. METHODS Participants included children adopted from Post-Soviet States (n = 15), Ethiopia (n = 26) or China (n = 17), ages 8-18 months. A comprehensive nutritional battery and a neurodevelopmental assessment were completed at baseline (within one month of arrival) and follow-up (six months later). RESULTS At baseline, 35% were stunted, and 68% had at least one abnormal nutritional biochemical marker. The most common were low retinol-binding protein (33%), zinc deficiency (29%), vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (21%), and iron deficiency (15%). There was significant catch-up growth in height and weight at follow-up, but little improvement in micronutrient deficiencies. Iron deficiency was associated with lower cognitive scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III, p = 0.027, and slower speed of processing, p = 0.012. Zinc deficiency was associated with compromised memory functioning, p = 0.001. CONCLUSION Nutrient deficiencies were common during the early adoption period in internationally adoptees from three global regions, and iron and zinc deficiencies were associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes. Results emphasise the importance of monitoring micronutrient status at arrival and during the early adoption period, irrespective of country of origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita J. Fuglestad
- Department of Psychology; University of North Florida; Jacksonville FL USA
| | - Maria G. Kroupina
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Dana E. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kroupina MG, Eckerle JK, Fuglestad AJ, Toemen L, Moberg S, Himes JH, Miller BS, Petryk A, Johnson DE. Associations between physical growth and general cognitive functioning in international adoptees from Eastern Europe at 30 months post-arrival. J Neurodev Disord 2015; 7:36. [PMID: 26568773 PMCID: PMC4644626 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-015-9132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Internationally adopted children have often experienced early adversity and growth suppression as a consequence of institutional care. Furthermore, these children are at risk for impaired cognitive development due to their early adverse experiences. This study examined the association between physical growth, the growth hormone (GH) system, and general cognitive functioning post-adoption. Based on previous research, we expected to find that a child’s initial physical growth status and normalization of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH-IGF-1) axis would be positive predictors of general cognitive functioning. Methods Post-institutionalized children (n = 46) adopted from Eastern Europe were seen approximately 1 month after their arrival into the USA to determine baseline measurements. They were seen again 6 and 30 months later for two follow-up sessions. Measures included anthropometry, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Mullen Scales of Early Learning, and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. Information about parental education was also collected. Results We found that a child’s general cognitive functioning at 30 months post-adoption was predicted by their general developmental scores at 6 months post-adoption, their initial height status, and markers of the growth hormone system. Children with lower initial IGFBP-3 standard deviation (SD) scores had higher verbal IQ scores at 30 months. Furthermore, a child’s initial height was found to be a significant positive predictor of non-verbal IQ. Conclusions These results suggest an association between a child’s suppressed physical growth in response to early adversity and alterations in GH system functioning and subsequent recovery in cognitive functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Kroupina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA ; Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA ; Present address: University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Room 361, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA
| | - Judith K Eckerle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA ; Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
| | - Anita J Fuglestad
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Liza Toemen
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Moberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
| | - John H Himes
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
| | - Bradley S Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA ; Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
| | - Anna Petryk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
| | - Dana E Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA ; Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hearst MO, Himes JH, Johnson DE, Kroupina M, Syzdykova A, Aidjanov M, Sharmonov T. Growth, nutritional, and developmental status of young children living in orphanages in Kazakhstan. Infant Ment Health J 2015; 35:94-101. [PMID: 25798515 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the nutritional and developmental status of young children living in Baby Houses (orphanages for children ages 0-3 years) in Kazakhstan. In 2009/2010, 308 children under age 3 years living in 10 Baby Houses were measured for height/length and weight. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (N. Bayley, 2006) were used to assess mental and motor development. Blood was collected on a subsample to assess key nutritional factors. The World Health Organization growth charts were used to calculate Z-scores. Cut points for wasting (moderate to severe low weight for length/height growth), underweight (low weight for age), stunting (low length/height for age), development, and biomarkers used established guidelines. Most (n = 286) children had complete data on z-scores. Of these, 22.1% were experiencing wasting, 31.5% were underweight, and 36.7% had stunting. The nutritional status of the children, based on blood biomarkers, revealed that 37.1% of the children were anemic, 21.4% had low albumin, 38.1% had low vitamin D, 5.5% were iodine-deficient, and 2% had low serum zinc. One half had mild to significant mental and motor delays. Children living at these Baby Houses in Kazakhstan have substantial nutritional deficits and developmental delays. Focused attention is needed to provide a nutritionally enhanced diet and improved developmental opportunities to improve the long-term outcomes for these children.
Collapse
|
15
|
Peyser ND, Freilino M, Wang L, Zeng Y, Li H, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. Frequent promoter hypermethylation of PTPRT increases STAT3 activation and sensitivity to STAT3 inhibition in head and neck cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:1163-9. [PMID: 25982282 PMCID: PMC4651851 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 overactivation is a common event in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), where STAT3 represents a promising therapeutic target. HNSCC is not characterized by frequent kinase mutations, in contrast to some malignancies where mutational activation of kinases upstream of STAT3 is common. Instead, STAT3 may be activated by loss-of-function (LOF) of negative regulators of STAT3, including by promoter hypermethylation of PTPRT. Here we first analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and determined that the PTPRT promoter is frequently hypermethylated in several cancers, including HNSCC (60.1% of tumors analyzed) in association with downregulation of PTPRT mRNA expression and upregulation of pSTAT3 expression. These findings were confirmed in an independent cohort of HNSCC tumors by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and immunohistochemistry. We demonstrate that PTPRT promoter methylation and gene silencing is reversible in HNSCC cells, leading to PTPRT-specific downregulation of pSTAT3 expression. We further show that PTPRT promoter methylation is significantly associated with sensitivity to STAT3 inhibition in HNSCC cells, suggesting that PTPRT promoter methylation may serve as a predictive biomarker for responsiveness to STAT3 inhibitors in clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N D Peyser
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Freilino
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - H Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D E Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Im AP, Sehgal AR, Carroll MP, Smith BD, Tefferi A, Johnson DE, Boyiadzis M. Erratum: DNMT3A and IDH mutations in acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid malignancies: associations with prognosis and potential treatment strategies. Leukemia 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Eckerle JK, Hill LK, Iverson S, Hellerstedt W, Gunnar M, Johnson DE. Vision and hearing deficits and associations with parent-reported behavioral and developmental problems in international adoptees. Matern Child Health J 2015; 18:575-83. [PMID: 23605963 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-013-1274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To determine the occurrence of vision and hearing deficits in international adoptees and their associations with emotional, behavioral and cognitive problems. The Minnesota International Adoption Project (MnIAP) was a 556-item survey that was mailed to 2,969 parents who finalized an international adoption in Minnesota (MN) between January 1990 and December 1998 and whose children were between 4 and 18 years-old at the time of the survey. Families returned surveys for 1,906 children (64%); 1,005 had complete data for analyses. The survey included questions about the child's pre-adoption experiences and post-placement medical diagnoses, and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Multivariate logistic regression assessed associations between hearing and vision problems and problems identified by the CBCL. Information on hearing and vision screening and specific vision and hearing problems was also collected via a telephone survey (HVS) from 96/184 children (52%) seen between June 1999 and December 2000 at the University of Minnesota International Adoption Clinic. In both cohorts, 61% of children had been screened for vision problems and 59% for hearing problems. Among those children screened, vision (MnIAP = 25%, HVS = 31%) and hearing (MnIAP = 12%, HVS = 13%) problems were common. For MnIAP children, such problems were significant independent predictors for T scores >67 for the CBCL social problems and attention subscales and parent-reported, practitioner-diagnosed developmental delay, learning and speech/language problems, and cognitive impairment. Hearing and vision problems are common in international adoptees and screening and correction are available in the immediate post-arrival period. The importance of identifying vision and hearing problems cannot be overstated as they are risk factors for development and behavior problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Eckerle
- International Adoption Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Room 362, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Im AP, Sehgal AR, Carroll MP, Smith BD, Tefferi A, Johnson DE, Boyiadzis M. DNMT3A and IDH mutations in acute myeloid leukemia and other myeloid malignancies: associations with prognosis and potential treatment strategies. Leukemia 2014; 28:1774-83. [PMID: 24699305 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective treatment strategies for most forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has languished for the past several decades. There are a number of reasons for this, but key among them is the considerable heterogeneity of this disease and the paucity of molecular markers that can be used to predict clinical outcomes and responsiveness to different therapies. The recent large-scale sequencing of AML genomes is now providing opportunities for patient stratification and personalized approaches to treatment that are based on individual mutational profiles. It is particularly notable that studies by The Cancer Genome Atlas and others have determined that 44% of patients with AML exhibit mutations in genes that regulate methylation of genomic DNA. In particular, frequent mutation has been observed in the genes encoding DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2), as well as Tet oncogene family member 2. This review will summarize the incidence of these mutations, their impact on biochemical functions including epigenetic modification of genomic DNA and their potential usefulness as prognostic indicators. Importantly, the presence of DNMT3A, IDH1 or IDH2 mutations may confer sensitivity to novel therapeutic approaches, including the use of demethylating agents. Therefore, the clinical experience with decitabine and azacitidine in the treatment of patients harboring these mutations will be reviewed. Overall, we propose that understanding the role of these mutations in AML biology will lead to more rational therapeutic approaches targeting molecularly defined subtypes of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Im
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A R Sehgal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M P Carroll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B D Smith
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology at the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D E Johnson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Boyiadzis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Johnson DE, Dovbnya SV, Morozova TU, Richards MA, Bogdanova JG. From institutional care to family support: development of an effective early intervention network in the Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russian Federation, to support family care for children at risk for institutionalization. Infant Ment Health J 2014; 35:172-84. [PMID: 25798523 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite efforts of the government to reform child protection, Russia continues to rely on institutional care due to the lack of support services for families in crisis, children with disabilities, and foster and adoptive parents.The project goal was to establish a replicable professional model that would direct the child welfare system in the Nizhny Novgorod Region away from institutional care and toward services for young children and their families that reduce the risk of institutionalization. The program was carried out over a 3-year period through a public-private partnership, which included the Ministries of Social Policy and Health of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, Firefly, and KPMG with partial funding by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Participation of professionals was excellent, attitudinal changes were extensive, and there were significant improvements in the understanding and utilization of early intervention concepts. The number of visits to program sites increased from essentially none to almost 1,000/month during the course of the project. Difficulties employing standardized child-based measures of success and developing ministry data-collection systems were encountered. Changes within the child welfare system in Russia are possible, but require a knowledgeable and adequately funded and supported program within regions receptive to change.
Collapse
|
20
|
Fuglestad AJ, Georgieff MK, Iverson SL, Miller BS, Petryk A, Johnson DE, Kroupina MG. Iron deficiency after arrival is associated with general cognitive and behavioral impairment in post-institutionalized children adopted from Eastern Europe. Matern Child Health J 2014; 17:1080-7. [PMID: 22872286 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of iron deficiency in general cognitive and behavioral development in post-institutionalized (PI) children during the early post-adoption period. PI children (N = 57) adopted from Eastern Europe or Central Asia (9-46 months of age) were seen at baseline around 1 month after arrival into the US and at follow-up 6 months later. Measures included anthropometry, iron status, the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire-R (TBAQ-R), the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, and examiner-rated behaviors during testing. 26 % were iron deficient at baseline; 18 % were iron deficient at follow-up. There was a trend for those with iron deficiency at baseline to be more fearful on the TBAQ-R. Those with iron deficiency at follow-up displayed more hyperactivity on both the TBAQ-R and the examiner-rated behaviors. Those with iron deficiency at follow-up were more likely to score below average on the Mullen Early Learning Composite (iron deficient: 80 %; good iron status: 32 %). The association between iron status at follow-up and the Mullen Early Learning Composite was mediated by inattention and hyperactivity behaviors during testing. Iron deficiency is associated with neurobehavioral alterations months after arrival, mediated by the effect on attention and activity levels. Iron status needs to be monitored at least through the first half-year post-adoption, particularly in children exhibiting rapid catch-up growth. Additionally, developmental evaluation is recommended in those with iron deficiency, even in children with good iron status at arrival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Fuglestad
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 E. River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dorritie KA, McCubrey JA, Johnson DE. STAT transcription factors in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis: opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Leukemia 2013; 28:248-57. [PMID: 23797472 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins comprise a family of transcription factors that are activated by cytokines, hormones and growth factors. The activation of STAT proteins plays a key role in the production of mature hematopoietic cells via effects on cellular proliferation, survival and lineage-specific differentiation. Emerging evidence also demonstrates frequent, constitutive activation of STATs in primary leukemia specimens. Moreover, roles for STATs in promoting leukemia development have been delineated in numerous preclinical studies. This review summarizes our current understanding of STAT protein involvement in normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis, as well as recent advances in the development and testing of novel STAT inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Dorritie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - D E Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gardner AM, Anderson TK, Hamer GL, Johnson DE, Varela KE, Walker ED, Ruiz MO. Terrestrial vegetation and aquatic chemistry influence larval mosquito abundance in catch basins, Chicago, USA. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:9. [PMID: 23311394 PMCID: PMC3549783 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An important determinant of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission is the spatial distribution of vectors. The primary vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) in Illinois are Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex restuans Theobald. In urban environments, these mosquitoes commonly oviposit in roadside storm water catch basins. However, use of this habitat is inconsistent, with abundance of larvae varying significantly across catch basins at a fine spatial scale. Methods We tested the hypothesis that attributes of the biotic and abiotic environment contribute to spatial and temporal variation in production of mosquito vectors, characterizing the relationship between terrestrial vegetation and aquatic chemistry and Culex abundance in Chicago, Illinois. Larvae were sampled from 60 catch basins from June 14 to October 3, 2009. Density of shrubs and 14 tree genera surrounding the basins were quantified, as well as aquatic chemistry content of each basin. Results We demonstrate that the spatial pattern of Culex abundance in catch basins is strongly influenced by environmental characteristics, resulting in significant variation across the urban landscape. Using regression and machine learning techniques, we described landscape features and microhabitat characteristics of four Chicago neighborhoods and examined the implications of these measures for larval abundance in adjacent catch basins. The important positive predictors of high larval abundance were aquatic ammonia, nitrates, and area of shrubs of height <1 m surrounding the catch basins, whereas pH and area of flowering shrub were negatively correlated with larval abundance. Tree density, particularly of arborvitae, maple, and pear, also positively influenced the distribution of Culex during the fruit-bearing periods and early senescent periods in August and September. Conclusions This study identifies environmental predictors of mosquito production in urban environments. Because an abundance of adult Culex is integral to efficient WNV transmission and mosquitoes are found in especially high densities near larval habitats, identifying aquatic sites for Culex and landscape features that promote larval production are important in predicting the spatial pattern of cases of human and veterinary illness. Thus, these data enable accurate assessment of regions at risk for exposure to WNV and aid in the prevention of vector-borne disease transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Gardner
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61802, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kroupina MG, Fuglestad AJ, Iverson SL, Himes JH, Mason PW, Gunnar MR, Miller BS, Petryk A, Johnson DE. Adoption as an intervention for institutionally reared children: HPA functioning and developmental status. Infant Behav Dev 2012; 35:829-37. [PMID: 22986178 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Institutional care, particularly when experienced early in life, is associated with delays in social and emotional development that often persist years after adoption. It has been hypothesized that compromise of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis due to adverse condition in institutions is a mediator of later emotional and behavioral problems. The first goal of our project was to investigate whether improvements in the social and emotional environment are associated with changes in HPA axis function. The second goal was to explore whether HPA alterations related to early social adversity were associated with more compromised general development and social and emotional functioning post adoption. Children adopted from Eastern European orphanages (N = 76, mean age was 17 months, SD = 5) were followed as part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Data, including diurnal cortisol patterns, were collected at two time points: baseline (within one month of adoption) and follow-up (six months later). Cortisol values were averaged over two days of saliva sampling after wake-up and before bedtime. We found that morning cortisol values increased between the baseline assessment (M = 0.27 μg/dl, SD = 0.13) and follow-up (M = 0.33 μg/dl, SD = 0.20), t(76) = -2.1, p<0.05. HPA functioning was not associated with general developmental level at either the initial or six months post-adoption assessments. However, dysregulation of the HPA axis (i.e., flatter diurnal pattern) at follow-up was associated with more behavioral and emotional problems. Overall, these results suggest that investigating specific physiological mechanisms is important in identifying children at risk for persistent social and emotional problems and in understanding the long-term consequences of early adversity. Future work should investigate whether disturbance in the HPA system is a heightened risk for long-term negative developmental outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Kroupina
- International Adoption Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Mail Code 1932, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Doxon AJ, Provancher WR, Johnson DE, Tan HZ. Haptic Edge Sharpness Perception with a Contact Location Display. IEEE Trans Haptics 2012; 5:323-331. [PMID: 26964130 DOI: 10.1109/toh.2012.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of contact location information on virtual edge perception was investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants discriminated edge sharpness under force-alone and force-plus-contact-location conditions using a 4.8 mm radius contact roller. Virtual objects were 2D profiles of edges with two adjoining surfaces. For both conditions, the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) in change of edge radius increased from 2.3 to 7.4 mm as edge radii increased from 2.5 to 20.0 mm; there was no significant difference between the two conditions. A follow-up experiment with contact location alone resulted in higher edge sharpness JNDs. In Experiment 2, the same edge sharpness discrimination task was performed using a smaller contact roller (R = 1.5 mm) to investigate the effect of roller size. The JNDs for the smaller roller were not statistically significant from those of the larger roller. Our results suggest that 1) contact location cues alone are capable of conveying edge sharpness information, but that force cues are dominant when both types of cues are available; and 2) the radius of the contact roller does not significantly affect the user's ability to discriminate edge sharpness, indicating that the participants could use the changes in contact location to judge curvature.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Children within institutional care settings experience significant global growth suppression, which is more profound in children with a higher baseline risk of growth impairment (e.g., low birth weight [LBW] infants and children exposed to alcohol in utero). Nutritional insufficiencies as well as suppression of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis (GH-IGF-1) caused by social deprivation likely both contribute to the etiology of psychosocial growth failure within these settings. Their relative importance and the consequent clinical presentations probably relate to the age of the child. While catch-up growth in height and weight are rapid when children are placed in a more nurturing environment, many factors, particularly early progression through puberty, compromise final height. Potential for growth recovery is greatest in younger children and within more nurturing environments where catch-up in height and weight is positively correlated with caregiver sensitivity and positive regard. Growth recovery has wider implications for child well-being than size alone, because catch-up in height is a positive predictor of cognitive recovery as well. Even with growth recovery, persistent abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system or the exacerbation of micronutrient deficiencies associated with robust catch-up growth during critical periods of development could potentially influence or be responsible for the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional sequelae of early childhood deprivation. Findings in growth-restricted infants and those children with psychosocial growth are similar, suggesting that children experiencing growth restriction within institutional settings may also share the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome in adulthood (obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease). Psychosocial deprivation within any care-giving environment during early life must be viewed with as much concern as any severely debilitating childhood disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Children within institutional care settings experience significant global growth suppression, which is more profound in children with a higher baseline risk of growth impairment (e.g., low birth weight [LBW] infants and children exposed to alcohol in utero). Nutritional insufficiencies as well as suppression of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor axis (GH-IGF-1) caused by social deprivation likely both contribute to the etiology of psychosocial growth failure within these settings. Their relative importance and the consequent clinical presentations probably relate to the age of the child. While catch-up growth in height and weight are rapid when children are placed in a more nurturing environment, many factors, particularly early progression through puberty, compromise final height. Potential for growth recovery is greatest in younger children and within more nurturing environments where catch-up in height and weight is positively correlated with caregiver sensitivity and positive regard. Growth recovery has wider implications for child well-being than size alone, because catch-up in height is a positive predictor of cognitive recovery as well. Even with growth recovery, persistent abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system or the exacerbation of micronutrient deficiencies associated with robust catch-up growth during critical periods of development could potentially influence or be responsible for the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional sequelae of early childhood deprivation. Findings in growth-restricted infants and those children with psychosocial growth are similar, suggesting that children experiencing growth restriction within institutional settings may also share the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome in adulthood (obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart disease). Psychosocial deprivation within any care-giving environment during early life must be viewed with as much concern as any severely debilitating childhood disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Walker DK, Titgemeyer EC, Johnson DE, Laudert SB, Johnson BJ. Effects of ractopamine and gender on protein turnover in skeletal muscle of implanted steers and heifers. S AFR J ANIM SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/sajas.v41i1.66033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
29
|
White E, Woolley M, Bienemann A, Johnson DE, Wyatt M, Murray G, Taylor H, Gill SS. A robust MRI-compatible system to facilitate highly accurate stereotactic administration of therapeutic agents to targets within the brain of a large animal model. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 195:78-87. [PMID: 21074564 PMCID: PMC3396852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Achieving accurate intracranial electrode or catheter placement is critical in clinical practice in order to maximise the efficacy of deep brain stimulation and drug delivery respectively as well as to minimise side-effects. We have developed a highly accurate and robust method for MRI-guided, stereotactic delivery of catheters and electrodes to deep target structures in the brain of pigs. This study outlines the development of this equipment and animal model. Specifically this system enables reliable head immobilisation, acquisition of high-resolution MR images, precise co-registration of MRI and stereotactic spaces and overall rigidity to facilitate accurate burr hole-generation and catheter implantation. To demonstrate the utility of this system, in this study a total of twelve catheters were implanted into the putamen of six Large White Landrace pigs. All implants were accurately placed into the putamen. Target accuracy had a mean Euclidean distance of 0.623 mm (standard deviation of 0.33 mm). This method has allowed us to accurately insert fine cannulae, suitable for the administration of therapeutic agents by convection-enhanced delivery (CED), into the brain of pigs. This study provides summary evidence of a robust system for catheter implantation into the brain of a large animal model. We are currently using this stereotactic system, implantation procedure and animal model to develop catheter-based drug delivery systems that will be translated into human clinical trials, as well as to model the distribution of therapeutic agents administered by CED over large volumes of brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E White
- Department of Neurosurgery, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Johnson DE, Guthrie D, Smyke AT, Koga SF, Fox NA, Zeanah CH, Nelson CA. Growth and associations between auxology, caregiving environment, and cognition in socially deprived Romanian children randomized to foster vs ongoing institutional care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010; 164:507-16. [PMID: 20368481 PMCID: PMC4126580 DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine effects of improved nurturing compared with institutional care on physical growth and to investigate the association between growth and cognitive development. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial beginning in infants (mean age, 21.0 months; range, 5-32 months), with follow-up at 30, 42, and 54 months of age. SETTING Institutionalized and community children in Bucharest, Romania. PARTICIPANTS One hundred thirty-six healthy institutionalized children from 6 orphanages and 72 typically developing, never-institutionalized children. INTERVENTION Institutionalized children were randomly assigned to receive foster care or institutional care as usual. OUTCOME MEASURES Auxology and measures of intelligence over time. RESULTS Growth in institutionalized children was compromised, particularly in infants weighing less than 2500 g at birth. Mean height and weight, though not head size, increased to near normal within 12 months in foster care. Significant independent predictors for greater catch-up in height and weight included age younger than 12 months at randomization, lower baseline z scores, and higher caregiving quality, particularly caregiver sensitivity and positive regard. Baseline developmental quotient, birth weight, and height catch-up were significant independent predictors of cognitive abilities at follow-up. Each incremental increase of 1 in standardized height scores between baseline and 42 months was associated with a mean increase of 12.6 points (SD, 4.7 points) in verbal IQ (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Foster care had a significant effect on growth, particularly with early placement and high-quality care. Growth and IQ in low-birth-weight children are particularly vulnerable to social deprivation. Catch-up growth in height under more nurturing conditions is a useful indicator of caregiving quality and cognitive improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jones JE, Wang L, Kropf PL, Duan R, Johnson DE. Src family kinase gene targets during myeloid differentiation: identification of the EGR-1 gene as a direct target. Leukemia 2009; 23:1933-5. [PMID: 19494839 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
Miller BS, Kroupina MG, Iverson SL, Masons P, Narad C, Himes JH, Johnson DE, Petryk A. Auxological evaluation and determinants of growth failure at the time of adoption in Eastern European adoptees. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2009; 22:31-9. [PMID: 19344072 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2009.22.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify factors contributing to growth failure in international adoptees (IAs) from Eastern Europe. STUDY DESIGN 138 IAs from Eastern Europe, 6-59 months old, were evaluated within 3 weeks of US arrival. Complete history, anthropometry, and serum for growth factors were obtained. Facial features were examined for risk of prenatal alcohol exposure. RESULTS Upon arrival, mean height (-1.23 +/- 1.07), weight (-1.43 +/- 1.29), and occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) (-0.63 +/- 1.10) SDS in IAs were significantly less than population means for US children. In a multiple regression model, age, low birth weight (LBW), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and high risk for fetal alcohol syndrome were independent predictors of height SDS. LBW also independently predicted lower weight SDS and smaller OFC SDS. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that IAs undergo screening upon US arrival to identify risk factors for poor growth, particularly evidence of LBW and fetal alcohol exposure. Catch-up growth should be monitored in all children following adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Grim GP, Finch JP, King NSP, Morgan GL, Oertel JA, Wilde CH, Wilke MD, Wilson DC, Johnson DE. A spatially resolved ion temperature diagnostic for the National Ignition Facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10E537. [PMID: 19044518 DOI: 10.1063/1.2973324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concepts and initial development efforts for a spatially resolved ion temperature diagnostic are described. The diagnostic is intended for Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility and is an integration of neutron aperture imaging and ion temperature techniques. The neutron imaging technique is extended by recording tomographic projections of the radiation-to-light converter on a streak camera. The streak record is used to calculate images at multiple times during the arrival of the thermally broadened 14.1 MeV neutron flux. The resulting set of images is used to determine the spatially resolved ion temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P Grim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fuglestad AJ, Lehmann AE, Kroupina MG, Petryk A, Miller BS, Iverson SL, Johnson DE, Georgieff MK. Iron deficiency in international adoptees from Eastern Europe. J Pediatr 2008; 153:272-7. [PMID: 18534235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess iron deficiency (ID) in international adoptees after adoption. STUDY DESIGN Participants (n = 37) were adopted into the United States from Eastern Europe before they were 24 months of age. Baseline (within 1 month post-adoption) and follow-up (6 months post-adoption) assessments included routine post-adoption clinical evaluations, anthropometrics, dietary intakes, and iron measures (hemogram and serum analysis). RESULTS At adoption and follow-up, mean percent transferrin saturation and mean corpucuscular volume were low compared with the US population. Mean serum ferritin concentration became lower than the US population at follow-up, although the mean daily iron intake was more than the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Participants with Giardia lamblia at baseline had more compromised iron status at baseline and follow-up. Growth rate (change in z-score/months between assessments) was negatively correlated with change in serum ferritin concentrations between baseline and follow-up (r = -0.34; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS International adoptees had compromised iron status, with ID more prevalent in participants with G lamblia, a parasite that may interfere with iron absorption. The persistent ID at follow-up was likely caused by the erythropoietic demands of catch-up growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita J Fuglestad
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Development, International Adoption Program, Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Miranda MB, Duan R, Thomas SM, Grandis JR, Redner RL, Jones JE, Johnson DE. Gefitinib potentiates myeloid cell differentiation by ATRA. Leukemia 2008; 22:1624-7. [PMID: 18305561 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Moreno-Salazar SF, Robles-Zepeda RE, Johnson DE. Plant folk medicines for gastrointestinal disorders among the main tribes of Sonora, Mexico. Fitoterapia 2008; 79:132-41. [PMID: 17881152 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the herbal remedies used by ethnic groups from Sonora, Mexico, for treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Twelve types of these illnesses are cured using 85 different species which belong to 38 families. Thirty nine spp. are used to treat diarrhea, 28 for stomach-ache, 12 for constipation, 9 for intestinal parasites, 6 for indigestion, 3 for stomach or intestinal cancer, 3 for stomach inflammation and only 1 to treat gastrointestinal sicknesses, ulcers, gastritis, colitis and colic. Regarding the use of species of plant per ethnic group the following was observed: Mayo 47; Seri, 27; Yaqui, 13; Guarijio, 12, Pima, 5 and Papago, 3. The plants are used by two or more tribes, for the same or different illness but always related to the gastrointestinal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S F Moreno-Salazar
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Rosales y Niños Héroes, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hellerstedt WL, Madsen NJ, Gunnar MR, Grotevant HD, Lee RM, Johnson DE. The International Adoption Project: population-based surveillance of Minnesota parents who adopted children internationally. Matern Child Health J 2007; 12:162-71. [PMID: 17562147 PMCID: PMC2398719 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-007-0237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct the first population-based surveillance in the United States of parents who adopted children from countries outside of the United States. METHODS A 556-item survey was mailed to 2,977 parents who finalized an international adoption in Minnesota between January 1990 and December 1998; 1,834 (62%) parents returned a survey. RESULTS Eighty-eight percent of the parents reported transracial adoptions (97% of the parents were white); 57% of the adopted children were Asian; 60% were female; and on average, the children were 18 months-old at the time of placement. Only 15% of the parents reported household annual incomes less than $50,000 and 71% reported they had college educations. Sixty-one percent traveled to their child's country of birth prior to the adoption. Almost three-quarters involved their children in experiences related to their birth countries and 98% would recommend international adoption. Three-quarters of the parents believe that parental leave was an issue for them as they adopted. CONCLUSIONS This is the first population-based survey of U.S. parents who have adopted internationally. The adoptive parents were socioeconomically different than birth parents in Minnesota and their families are most likely to be transracial. Because international adoption has become more prevalent, it is important to understand the strengths and needs of families that are created through this unique form of migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L. Hellerstedt
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA e-mail:
| | - Nikki J. Madsen
- College of Education and Human Development, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, e-mail:
| | - Megan R. Gunnar
- College of Education and Human Development, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, e-mail:
| | - Harold D. Grotevant
- Department of Family Social Science, College of Human Ecology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA e-mail:
| | - Richard M. Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA e-mail:
| | - Dana E. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The production of mature, differentiated myeloid cells is regulated by the action of hematopoietic cytokines on progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Cytokines drive the process of myeloid differentiation by binding to specific cell-surface receptors in a stage- and lineage-specific manner. Following the binding of a cytokine to its cognate receptor, intracellular signal-transduction pathways become activated that facilitate the myeloid differentiation process. These intracellular signaling pathways may promote myelopoiesis by stimulating expansion of a progenitor pool, supporting cellular survival during the differentiation process, or by directly driving the phenotypic changes associated with differentiation. Ultimately, pathways that drive the differentiation process converge on myeloid transcription factors, including PU.1 and the C/EBP family, that are critical for differentiation to proceed. While much is known about the cytokines, cytokine receptors and transcription factors that regulate myeloid differentiation, less is known about the precise roles that specific signaling mediators play in promoting myeloid differentiation. Recently, however, the application of novel pharmacologic inhibitors, siRNA strategies, and transgenic and knockout models has begun to shed light on the involvement and function of signaling pathways in normal myeloid differentiation. This review will discuss the roles that key signaling pathways and mediators play in myeloid differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Miranda
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Smyke AT, Koga SF, Johnson DE, Fox NA, Marshall PJ, Nelson CA, Zeanah CH. The caregiving context in institution-reared and family-reared infants and toddlers in Romania. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007; 48:210-8. [PMID: 17300560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assess individual differences in the caregiving environments of young children being raised in institutions in Romania in relation to developmental characteristics such as physical growth, cognitive development, emotional expression, and problem and competence behaviors. METHOD Videotaped observations of the child and favorite caregiver in their 'home' environment were coded for caregiving quality, and this was related to child characteristics. Child emotional reactivity was assessed during responses to interactional tasks. Cognitive development was assessed from child responses to the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Data regarding problem behaviors and competence were obtained from caregiver report. Children reared in institutions were compared on all of these measures to never institutionalized children to assist gauging degree of impairment. RESULTS Children raised in institutions demonstrated marked delays in cognitive development, poorer physical growth, and marked deficits in competence. Individual differences in caregiving environment were associated with cognitive development, competence, and negative behavior among these young children being reared in institutions. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm previous findings regarding deficits associated with institutional care and extend our understanding of the impact of individual differences in caregiving quality on the development of young children in institutions.
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- A T Henrici
- Laboratories of Bacteriology at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and at Station-on-Alexander, Cushing, Minnesota
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Abstract
Despite the popularity of international adoption in North America and Western Europe as a means to build a family, the knowledge of health care professionals is often limited regarding the historical context of this phenomenon as well as the motivations and process experienced by adoptive parents. Although international adoption is viewed as an acceptable if not admirable method of forming kinships in accepting countries, opinions in the international community are mixed. Whether international adoptions increase or are drastically curtailed depends on addressing the misgivings that many countries have about placing their children abroad. Concerns center in two broad areas: sensitivity toward preservation of family and culture and whether the process has sufficient integrity to act in the best interests of children and birth parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, International Adoption Clinic, University of Minnesota Children's Hospital, MMC 211, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mancini RA, Hunt MC, Hachmeister KA, Kropf DH, Johnson DE. Exclusion of oxygen from modified atmosphere packages limits beef rib and lumbar vertebrae marrow discoloration during display and storage. Meat Sci 2004; 69:493-500. [PMID: 22062988 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Visual and instrumental color (L*a*b* and reflectance from 400 to 700 nm) were used to evaluate packaging atmosphere as a way of minimizing beef marrow discoloration. In experiment 1, rib ends (n=24) packaged in 80% O(2)/20% CO(2) discolored more than ribs packaged in 100% N(2), which resulted in a relatively stable purplish marrow color through a 7-day display at 1 °C. In experiment 2, lumbar vertebrae (n=10) packaged in 80% O(2)/20% CO(2) had a rapid and significant discoloration within 24 h after packaging, likely because of the formation of methemoglobin. Conversely, vertebrae packaged in 80% N(2)/20% CO(2) and 0.4% CO/30% CO(2)/69.6% N(2) remained color stable during 2 and 6 weeks of storage at 4 °C, respectively. Exclusion of oxygen from MAP packages and the addition of low concentrations of CO minimized beef rib and lumbar vertebrae discoloration compared with high-oxygen MAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Mancini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, 224 Weber Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wickersham EE, Shirley JE, Titgemeyer EC, Brouk MJ, DeFrain JM, Park AF, Johnson DE, Ethington RT. Response of lactating dairy cows to diets containing wet corn gluten feed or a raw soybean hull-corn steep liquor pellet. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:3899-911. [PMID: 15483174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated effects of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and a novel product (SHSL) containing raw soybean hulls and corn steep liquor on performance and digestion in lactating dairy cows. In Experiment 1, 46 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to control (C), WCGF (20% of diet DM), or SHSL (20% of diet DM). Diets were fed as a total mixed ration beginning after calving. The C diet contained (dry matter [DM] basis) 30% alfalfa hay, 15% corn silage, 32% corn, 9.3% whole cottonseed, 4.4% solvent soybean meal (SBM), and 3.3% expeller SBM. The WCGF replaced 10% alfalfa hay, 5% corn silage, and 5% corn grain, while expeller SBM replaced solvent SBM to maintain diet rumen undegradable protein. The SHSL replaced 10% alfalfa hay, 5% corn silage, 3% solvent SBM, and 2% corn. Dietary crude protein averaged 18.4%. Milk, energy-corrected milk (ECM), DM intake (DMI), and ECM/DMI were similar among diets during the first 13 wk of lactation. During wk 14 through 30 postpartum, WCGF and SHSL improved milk, ECM, milk component yield, and ECM/DMI. In Experiment 2, 6 cows were used to evaluate digestibility and rumen traits. Dry matter intake and total tract digestibilities of DM, fiber, and crude protein were not different among diets. Diets did not affect ruminal liquid dilution rate, pH, or concentrations of total volatile fatty acids or ammonia, but acetate:propionate was higher for C (3.38) than for WCGF (2.79) or SHSL (2.89). The WCGF and SHSL products can serve as alternative feedstuffs in diets fed to lactating dairy cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Wickersham
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-1600, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lambert BD, Titgemeyer EC, Löest CA, Johnson DE. Effect of glycine and vitamin supplementation on sulphur amino acid utilization by growing cattle. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2004; 88:288-300. [PMID: 15274693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2004.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effects of glycine (Gly) and B-vitamins on sulphur amino acid (AA) utilization were studied in growing steers maintained under conditions where methionine (Met) was first limiting. Conditions were generated by limit feeding a diet low in ruminally non-degraded protein and abomasally infusing an AA mixture limiting in Met. Retained N tended (p = 0.07) to improve when steers received 10 mg folate, 10 mg vitamin B6, and 0.10 mg vitamin B12 daily. Hepatic vitamin B12 (p = 0.08) and folate (p = 0.05) concentrations increased with vitamin supplementation. In another trial, factorial treatments were 2 or 5 g/day L-Met and 0 or 50 g/day Gly infused abomasally. Retained N increased (p < 0.05) in response to Met, and responses were numerically larger in the presence of supplemental Gly. In a different trial, factorial treatments were 0 or 2.4 g/day L-cysteine (Cys) and 0 or 40 g/day Gly. Retained N was not affected by Cys in the absence of Gly, but was increased by Cys when Gly was supplemented (interaction, p = 0.01). B-vitamin status may affect sparing of Met by Cys. Supplemental Gly improved responses to supplemental Met and Cys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B D Lambert
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Farmer CG, Cochran RC, Nagaraja TG, Titgemeyer EC, Johnson DE, Wickersham TA. Ruminal and host adaptations to changes in frequency of protein supplementation. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:895-903. [PMID: 15032448 DOI: 10.2527/2004.823895x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of altering supplementation frequency on host N balance and key N transactions in the ruminal ecosystem were monitored. Four ruminally fistulated beef steers (BW = 513 kg; SEM = 6.5) were used in a 2 x 2 crossover design with two periods and two supplementation frequency treatments. Supplementation frequencies were 2 and 7 d/wk. Steers were fed tallgrass prairie hay (73.1% NDF, 5.3% CP) ad libitum. Supplement (42% CP; DM basis) was fed at 0.36% BW/d to steers supplemented 7 d/wk. Steers supplemented 2 d/wk received the same amount of supplement per week, but it was equally split among the two supplementation events. Steers supplemented 7 d/wk had higher forage (P < 0.02) and total digestible OM intake (P < 0.06), total N intake, fecal N excretion, and N retention. Although both supplementation frequencies were characterized by positive N balance, the decrease in N retention in the steers supplemented 2 d/wk was due to higher (P < 0.01) urinary N loss. Ruminal fluid was sampled at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after supplementation beginning on a day when both treatments were supplemented. Frequency x hour interactions (P < 0.02) were observed for ruminal N metabolism criteria. Counts of peptide- and AA-fermenting bacteria peaked at 2 h and returned to nadir by 12 h for steers supplemented 7 d/wk. Steers supplemented 2 d/wk peaked at 6 h with a greater population and returned to nadir at 48 h. Ruminal ammonia concentrations followed a similar trend. Specific activity of ammonia production was lower (P < or = 0.05) immediately after supplementation for steers supplemented 2 d/wk, but by 12 h was the same as for 7 d/wk steers. Ruminal peptides and free AA peaked at 2 h for steers supplemented 2 d/wk and were generally higher (P < or = 0.05) during the first 6 h compared with steers supplemented 7 d/wk. Total VFA concentration was not different (P = 0.35) due to supplementation frequency. Frequency x hour interactions (P < 0.01) were observed for all molar proportions of VFA. The molar proportion of acetate and acetate:propionate ratio were lower (P < 0.01) and the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate were higher for steers supplemented 2 d/wk from 4 h to 24 h. In conclusion, forage use and N balance improved with supplementation 7 d/wk, but supplementation 2 d/wk was associated with some desirable shifts in select ruminal events that may contribute to moderating potential negative impacts of supplementing infrequently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C G Farmer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66505, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure prostatic and blood fatty acid composition in a large group of patients undergoing prostatectomy for benign or malignant prostate disease, as there is evidence linking arachidonic acid metabolism and prostate cancer through its role as an eicosanoid precursor, and earlier studies showed lower prostatic arachidonic acid content in a few patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prostatic phospholipid fatty acid composition was determined in prostate tissue from 173 patients undergoing prostate surgery, i.e. radical prostatectomy, cystoprostatectomy or transurethral resection (TURP). Blood fatty acid composition was determined in 99 of these patients and in 85 undergoing prostatic needle biopsy. RESULTS There was a significantly lower percentage of arachidonic acid in malignant than in benign portions of the prostate (15.2% vs 17%) in all patients assessed. The changes were greatest in those undergoing TURP for known prostate cancer (13.4% vs 17.2%), these patients having the greatest proportion of malignancy in the specimens. There were no consistent changes in blood fatty acid composition. CONCLUSION This is the first prospective study of arachidonic acids levels involving many consecutive patients undergoing prostate surgery for either benign or malignant disease. The lower prostatic arachidonic acid level is probably a result of the increased use of arachidonic acid for producing prostaglandins and/or leukotrienes. Further understanding of the cause and/or consequence of this finding might lead to a better understanding of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F H Faas
- Departments of Medicine, VA Hospital and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Hematopoietic malignancies frequently are characterized by defects in apoptosis signaling. This renders the malignant cells resistant to endogenous apoptotic stimuli, as well as exogenous stimuli, such as chemotherapy drugs and radiation. The defective apoptosis seen in human cancers often results from overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins in the Bcl-2 protein family, particularly Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L). A great deal of effort is currently aimed at developing novel agents to inhibit the expression or function of these proteins. Antisense agents directed against Bcl-2 mRNA are showing considerable promise in clinical trials. In addition, detailed knowledge of the structures of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), coupled with high-throughput and computer-assisted screening of chemical libraries, has led to the identification of a number of short peptides and small organic molecules capable of inhibiting Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) function. These newly described agents hold considerable promise for enhancing the chemo- and radiation sensitivities of Bcl-2- and Bcl-X(L)-overexpressing cancers. This review will highlight recent advances in the development and testing of agents targeting cell death inhibitors in the Bcl-2 protein family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shangary
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Miranda MB, Dyer KF, Grandis JR, Johnson DE. Differential activation of apoptosis regulatory pathways during monocytic vs granulocytic differentiation: a requirement for Bcl-X(L)and XIAP in the prolonged survival of monocytic cells. Leukemia 2003; 17:390-400. [PMID: 12592339 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2001] [Accepted: 08/21/2002] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages are derived from common progenitors, but exhibit markedly different lifespans. Differentiated neutrophils are short-lived and die rapidly by apoptosis, while monocytic cells are longer-lived. In this report we used the HL-60 cell line as a model system to identify differences in apoptotic pathways which might account for the differing lifespans of granulocytic vs monocytic cells. We observed that induction of granulocytic differentiation by retinoic acid led to robust activation of the executioner protease caspase-3, and early onset of apoptosis. By contrast, caspase-3 was not appreciably activated during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced monocytic differentiation, and apoptosis was delayed in these cells. Since the activation of caspase-3 is inhibited by members of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) and Bcl-2 protein families, we investigated the expression of anti-apoptotic members of these families. Induction of monocytic differentiation led to marked upregulation of the IAP protein XIAP, as well as the Bcl-2 family member Bcl-X(L). During granulocytic differentiation the levels of XIAP progressively declined, while Bcl-X(L) levels remained unchanged. A different IAP protein, survivin, was downregulated during differentiation along either lineage, as was expression of Bcl-2. The upregulation of Bcl-X(L) during monocytic differentiation coincided with phosphorylation/activation of STAT3, a known activator of bcl-X gene transcription. Moreover, Bcl-X(L) upregulation was dependent on MEK/ERK signaling. Upregulation of XIAP proceeded in a MEK/ERK-independent fashion. Treatment with antisense Bcl-X(L) or XIAP oligonucleotides resulted in significant loss of viability in cells differentiating along the monocytic lineage. Together, these findings indicate that the levels of XIAP and Bcl-X(L) are regulated by distinct pathways during monocytic differentiation, and that upregulation of these proteins contributes to the increased longevity of cells in the monocytic lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Miranda
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bahrani-Mougeot FK, Buckles EL, Lockatell CV, Hebel JR, Johnson DE, Tang CM, Donnenberg MS. Type 1 fimbriae and extracellular polysaccharides are preeminent uropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence determinants in the murine urinary tract. Mol Microbiol 2002; 45:1079-93. [PMID: 12180926 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Despite the association of numerous bacterial factors with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), few such factors have been proved to be required for UTI in animal models. Previous investigations of urovirulence factors have relied on prior identification of phenotypic characteristics. We used signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) in an unbiased effort to identify genes that are essential for UPEC survival within the murine urinary tract. A library of 2049 transposon mutants of the prototypic UPEC strain CFT073 was constructed using mini-Tn5km2 carrying 92 unique tags and screened in a murine model of ascending UTI. After initial screening followed by confirmation in co-infection experiments, 19 survival-defective mutants were identified. These mutants were recovered in numbers 101- to 106-fold less than the wild type in the bladder, kidneys or urine or at more than one site. The transposon junctions from each attenuated mutant were sequenced and analysed. Mutations were found in: (i) the type 1 fimbrial operon; (ii) genes involved in the biosyn-thesis of extracellular polysaccharides including group I capsule, group II capsule and enterobacterial common antigen; (iii) genes involved in metabolic pathways; and (iv) genes with unknown function. Five of the genes identified are absent from the genome of the E. coli K-12 strain. Mutations in type 1 fimbrial genes resulted in severely attenuated colonization, even in the case of a mutant with an insertion upstream of the fim operon that affected the rate of fimbrial switching from the 'off' to the 'on' phase. Three mutants had insertions in a new type II capsule biosynthesis locus on a pathogenicity island and were impaired in the production of capsule in vivo. An additional mutant with an insertion in wecE was unable to synthesize enterobacterial common antigen. These results confirm the pre-eminence of type 1 fimbriae, establish the importance of extracellular polysaccharides in the pathogenesis of UTI and identify new urovirulence determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah K Bahrani-Mougeot
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|