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Mah SWL, Linklater DP, Tzanov V, Le PH, Dekiwadia C, Mayes E, Simons R, Eyckens DJ, Moad G, Saita S, Joudkazis S, Jans DA, Baulin VA, Borg NA, Ivanova EP. Piercing of the Human Parainfluenza Virus by Nanostructured Surfaces. ACS Nano 2024; 18:1404-1419. [PMID: 38127731 PMCID: PMC10902884 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigation into the antiviral properties of nanostructured surfaces and explains the underlying virucidal mechanism. We used reactive ion etching to fabricate silicon (Si) surfaces featuring an array of sharp nanospikes with an approximate tip diameter of 2 nm and a height of 290 nm. The nanospike surfaces exhibited a 1.5 log reduction in infectivity of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV-3) after 6 h, a substantially enhanced efficiency, compared to that of smooth Si. Theoretical modeling of the virus-nanospike interactions determined the virucidal action of the nanostructured substrata to be associated with the ability of the sharp nanofeatures to effectively penetrate the viral envelope, resulting in the loss of viral infectivity. Our research highlights the significance of the potential application of nanostructured surfaces in combating the spread of viruses and bacteria. Notably, our study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of antiviral surfaces with a particular emphasis on the crucial role played by sharp nanofeatures in maximizing their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson W L Mah
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Denver P Linklater
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clarke Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Vassil Tzanov
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Phuc H Le
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College,RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Edwin Mayes
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College,RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ranya Simons
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Soichiro Saita
- The KAITEKI Institute Inc., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8251, Japan
| | - Saulius Joudkazis
- Optical Science Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Nuclear Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Monash, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vladimir A Baulin
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Natalie A Borg
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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2
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Hayne DJ, Dharmasiri B, Stojcevski F, Eyckens DJ, Hooper JF, Henderson LC. Carbon fibre surface modification facilitated by silver-catalysed radical decarboxylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9860-9863. [PMID: 37490281 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A silver catalysed radical decarboxylation process was used to graft a copolymer (4 : 1; methylacrylate/acrylic acid) onto short carbon fibres. Surface grafting was confirmed by XPS, SEM and TGA, suggesting that the polymer accounted for 10% of the modified materials mass. Incorporation of these surface enhanced carbon fibres into an epoxy resin gave composites demonstrating an increase in ductility and a clear change in failure mode from adhesive, at the fibre-matrix interface, to cohesive, within the matrix polymer itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hayne
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Bhagya Dharmasiri
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Fisherman's Bend, Port Melbourne, Victoria 3207, Australia
| | - Daniel J Eyckens
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Joel F Hooper
- Department of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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3
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Eyckens DJ, Adcock JL, Blinco JP, Fairfull-Smith KE, Harris J, Vuković F, He S, Dharmasiri B, Walsh TR, Francis PS, Hendlmeier A, Henderson LC. Using Nitroxides to Enhance Carbon Fibre Interfacial Adhesion and As An Anchor for "Graft to" Surface Modification Strategies. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023:e2300274. [PMID: 37474483 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxide groups covalently grafted to carbon fibres were used as anchoring sites for TEMPO-terminated polymers (poly-n-butylacrylate and polystyrene) in a "graft to" surface modification strategy. All surface modified fibres were evaluated for their physical properties, showing that several treatments had enhanced the tensile strength and Young's modulus compared to the control fibres. Up to an 18% increase in tensile strength and 12% in Young's modulus were observed. Similarly, evaluation of interfacial shear strength in an epoxy polymer, showed improvements of up to 144% relative to the control sample. Interestingly, the polymer grafted surfaces showed smaller increases in interfacial shear strength compared to surfaces modified with a small molecule only. This counterintuitive result was attributed to incompatibility, both chemical and physical, of the grafted polymers to the surrounding epoxy matrix. Molecular dynamics simulations of the interface suggest that the diminished increase in mechanical shear strength observed for the polymer grafted surfaces may be due to the lack of exposed chain ends, whereas the small molecule grafted interface exclusively presents chain ends to the resin interface, resulting in good improvements in mechanical properties. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqui L Adcock
- Deakin University, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Jessica Harris
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Filip Vuković
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Siyuan He
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Bhagya Dharmasiri
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Tiffany R Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Deakin University, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Andreas Hendlmeier
- Aerostructures Innovation Research Hub, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
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Pawar SS, Hutchinson SA, Eyckens DJ, Stojcevski F, Hayne DJ, Adcock JL, Francis PS, Razal JM, Henderson LC. Designing Carbon Fiber Composite Interfaces: Reactive Sizing Derived from Terpenes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujit S. Pawar
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Sally A. Hutchinson
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - David J. Hayne
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jacqui L. Adcock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Paul S. Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Joselito M. Razal
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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Stanfield MK, Dilger M, Hayne DJ, Emonson NS, Barlow A, Boase NRB, Gahan LR, Krenske EH, Pinson J, Eyckens DJ, Henderson LC. Examining the Role of Aryldiazonium Salts in Surface Electroinitiated Polymerization. Langmuir 2022; 38:4979-4995. [PMID: 35417182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the irreversible reduction of aryldiazonium salts has provided a reliable method to modify surfaces, demonstrating a catalogue of suitable diazonium salts for targeted applications. This work expands the knowledge of diazonium salt chemistry to participate in surface electroinitiated emulsion polymerization (SEEP). The influence of concentration, electronic effects, and steric hindrance/regiochemistry of the diazonium salt initiator on the production of polymeric films is examined. The objective of this work is to determine if a polymer film can be tailored, controlling the thickness, density, and surface homogeneity using specific diazonium chemistry. The data presented herein demonstrate a significant difference in polymer films that can be achieved when selecting a variety of diazonium salts and vinylic monomers. A clear trend aligns with the electron-rich diazonium salt substitution providing the thickest films (up to 70.9 ± 17.8 nm) with increasing diazonium concentration and electron-withdrawing substitution achieving optimal homogeneity for the surface of the film at a 5 mM diazonium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Stanfield
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Melvin Dilger
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations, University Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207-UMET, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David J Hayne
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Emonson
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Anders Barlow
- Materials Characterisation and Fabrication Platform (MCFP), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nathan R B Boase
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Lawrence R Gahan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Krenske
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jean Pinson
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Daniel J Eyckens
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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6
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Randall JD, Eyckens DJ, Sarlin E, Palola S, Andersson GG, Yin Y, Stojcevski F, Henderson LC. Mixed Surface Chemistry on Carbon Fibers to Promote Adhesion in Epoxy and PMMA Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Randall
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | | | - Essi Sarlin
- Engineering Materials Science, Tampere University, P.O. Box 589, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sarianna Palola
- Engineering Materials Science, Tampere University, P.O. Box 589, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Filip Stojcevski
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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7
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Stanfield MK, Carrascal J, Henderson LC, Eyckens DJ. α-Aminophosphonate Derivatives for Enhanced Flame Retardant Properties in Epoxy Resin. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14123230. [PMID: 34208110 PMCID: PMC8230893 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the introduction of various α-aminophosphonate compounds to an epoxy resin system, thereby improving flame retardance properties. The α-aminophosphonate scaffold allows for covalent incorporation (via the secondary amine) of the compounds into the polymer network. This work explores the synergistic effect of phosphorus and halogens (such as fluorine) to improve flame retardancy. The compounds were all prepared and isolated in analytical purity and in good yield (95%). Epoxy samples were prepared, individually incorporating each compound. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increased char yield, indicating an improved thermal resistance (with respect to the control sample). Limiting oxygen index for the control polymer was 28.0% ± 0.31% and it increased to 34.6% ± 0.33% for the fluorinated derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K. Stanfield
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.K.S.); (D.J.E.); Tel.: +61-352-275-767 (M.K.S.); Tel.: +61-395-452-242 (D.J.E.)
| | - Jeronimo Carrascal
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.K.S.); (D.J.E.); Tel.: +61-352-275-767 (M.K.S.); Tel.: +61-395-452-242 (D.J.E.)
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8
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Meggyesy PM, Masaldan S, Clatworthy SAS, Volitakis I, Eyckens DJ, Aston-Mourney K, Cater MA. Copper Ionophores as Novel Antiobesity Therapeutics. Molecules 2020; 25:E4957. [PMID: 33120881 PMCID: PMC7672559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic utility of the copper ionophore disulfiram was investigated in a diet-induced obesity mouse model (C57BL/6J background), both through administration in feed (0.05 to 1% (w/w)) and via oral gavage (150 mg/kg) for up to eight weeks. Mice were monitored for body weight, fat deposition (perigonadal fat pads), metabolic changes (e.g., glucose dyshomeostasis) and pathologies (e.g., hepatic steatosis, hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridemia) associated with a high-fat diet. Metal-related pharmacological effects across major organs and serums were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Disulfiram treatments (all modes) augmented hepatic copper in mice, markedly moderated body weight and abolished the deleterious systemic changes associated with a high-fat diet. Likewise, another chemically distinct copper ionophore H2(gtsm), administered daily (oral gavage), also augmented hepatic copper and moderated mouse body weight. Postmortem histological examinations of the liver and other major organs, together with serum aminotransferases, supported the reported therapeutic safety of disulfiram. Disulfiram specifically altered systemic copper in mice and altered hepatic copper metabolism, perturbing the incorporation of copper into ceruloplasmin (holo-ceruloplasmin biosynthesis) and subsequently reducing serum copper concentrations. Serum ceruloplasmin represents a biomarker for disulfiram activity. Our results establish copper ionophores as a potential class of antiobesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Meggyesy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
| | - Shashank Masaldan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Sharnel A. S. Clatworthy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
| | - Irene Volitakis
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia;
| | - Kathryn Aston-Mourney
- School of Medicine, IMPACT, Institute for Innovation in Physical and Mental Health and Clinical~Translation, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | - Michael A. Cater
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia; (P.M.M.); (S.M.); (S.A.S.C.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Randall JD, Stanfield MK, Eyckens DJ, Pinson J, Henderson LC. Expanding the Scope of Surface Grafted Polymers Using Electroinitiated Polymerization. Langmuir 2020; 36:7217-7226. [PMID: 32437618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly modify the surface of materials is a powerful means of tailoring interfaces and interphases for a variety of applications. In this work, we demonstrate the extensive scope of an electrochemically mediated surface modification technique, able to install a range of surface grafted polymers of varying polarity and functionality. The irreversible reduction of aryldiazonium salts initiates polymer growth and provides a "priming layer" for the polymers to attach to, covalently anchoring them to the surface. We show the broad applicability of this technique through polymerization of 19 acrylate monomers, as well as a noncarbonyl bearing monomer species, styrene. Surface bound films were characterized using FT-IR, ellipsometry, and water contact angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Randall
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Melissa K Stanfield
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Daniel J Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Jean Pinson
- Université Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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Emonson NS, Eyckens DJ, Allardyce BJ, Hendlmeier A, Stanfield MK, Soulsby LC, Stojcevski F, Henderson LC. Using In Situ Polymerization to Increase Puncture Resistance and Induce Reversible Formability in Silk Membranes. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2252. [PMID: 32422884 PMCID: PMC7287606 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin is an excellent biopolymer for application in a variety of areas, such as textiles, medicine, composites and as a novel material for additive manufacturing. In this work, silk membranes were surface modified by in situ polymerization of aqueous acrylic acid, initiated by the reduction of various aryldiazonium salts with vitamin C. Treatment times of 20 min gave membranes which possessed increased tensile strength, tensile modulus, and showed significant increased resistance to needle puncture (+131%), relative to 'untreated' standards. Most interestingly, the treated silk membranes were able to be reversibly formed into various shapes via the hydration and plasticizing of the surface bound poly(acrylic acid), by simply steaming the modified membranes. These membranes and their unique properties have potential applications in advanced textiles, and as medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Filip Stojcevski
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (N.S.E.); (D.J.E.); (B.J.A.); (A.H.); (M.K.S.); (L.C.S.)
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia; (N.S.E.); (D.J.E.); (B.J.A.); (A.H.); (M.K.S.); (L.C.S.)
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. Schweiker
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond University Gold Coast 4229 Queensland Australia
| | - Amanda L. Tauber
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond University Gold Coast 4229 Queensland Australia
| | - Caleb M. Kam
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond University Gold Coast 4229 Queensland Australia
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- Deakin University Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Campus Geelong 3216 Victoria Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Deakin University Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Campus Geelong 3216 Victoria Australia
| | - Stephan M. Levonis
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond University Gold Coast 4229 Queensland Australia
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12
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Eyckens DJ, Arnold CL, Randall JD, Stojcevski F, Hendlmeier A, Stanfield MK, Pinson J, Gengenbach TR, Alexander R, Soulsby LC, Francis PS, Henderson LC. Fiber with Butterfly Wings: Creating Colored Carbon Fibers with Increased Strength, Adhesion, and Reversible Malleability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:41617-41625. [PMID: 31601101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colored and color-changing materials are central to perception and interaction in nature and have been exploited in an array of modern technologies such as sensors, visual displays, and smart materials. Attempts to introduce color into carbon fiber materials have been limited by deleterious impacts on fiber properties, and the extension of colored fibers toward "smart composites" remains in its infancy. We present carbon fibers incorporating structural color, similar to that observed on the surface of soap bubbles and various insects and birds, by modifying the fiber surface through in situ polymerization grafting. When dry, the treated fibers exhibit a striking blue color, but when exposed to a volatile solvent, a cascade of colors across the visible light region is observed as the film first swells and then shrinks as the solvent evaporates. The treated fibers not only possess a unique color and color-changing ability but also can be reversibly formed into complex shapes and bear significant loads even without being encased in a supporting polymer. The tensile strength of treated fibers shows a statistically significant increase (+12%), and evaluation of the fiber-to-matrix adhesion of these polymers to an epoxy resin shows more than 300% improvement over control fibers. This approach creates a new platform for the multifaceted advance of smart composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Eyckens
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Chantelle L Arnold
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - James D Randall
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Andreas Hendlmeier
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Melissa K Stanfield
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Jean Pinson
- ITODYS , Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7086 , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , F-75013 Paris , France
| | | | - Richard Alexander
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Lachlan C Soulsby
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Deakin University , Waurn Ponds Campus , Geelong , Victoria 3216 , Australia
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Soulsby LC, Doeven EH, Pham TT, Eyckens DJ, Henderson LC, Long BM, Guijt RM, Francis PS. Colour tuning and enhancement of gel-based electrochemiluminescence devices utilising Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11474-11477. [PMID: 31490486 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combining luminophores in ratios that compensate for energy transfer provides a readily selectable range of new emission colours for gel-based electrochemiluminescence devices (ECLDs). A novel blue ECLD luminophore is also introduced and shown to enhance the intensity of the conventional green emitter through a mixed annihilation ECL mechanism. Peak-to-peak voltages were minimised using asymmetric potential pulse sequences, which increased the longevity of the ECLD emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan C Soulsby
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Tien T Pham
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
| | - Daniel J Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Long
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
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14
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Abstract
Solvate Ionic Liquids (SILs) are a relatively new class of ionic liquids consisting of a coordinating solvent and salt, that give rise to a chelate complex with very similar properties to ionic liquids. Herein is the exploration of the reported Kamlet-Taft parameters, Gutmann Acceptor numbers and the investigation of chelating effects through NMR spectroscopy of multiple atomic nuclei. These properties are related to the application of SILs as reaction media for organic reactions. This area is also reviewed here, including the implication in catalysis for the Aldol and Kabachnik-Fields reactions and electrocyclization reactions such as Diels-Alder and [2+2] cycloaddition. Solvate ILs exhibit many interesting properties and hold great potential as a solvent for organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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15
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Stanfield MK, Stojcevski F, Hendlmeier A, Varley RJ, Carrascal J, Osorio AF, Eyckens DJ, Henderson LC. Phosphorus-Based α-Amino Acid Mimetic for Enhanced Flame-Retardant Properties in an Epoxy Resin. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch18527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the introduction of a phosphonate moiety into a commonly used curing agent, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), via an α-aminophosphonate. This compound (DDMP) can be prepared and isolated in analytical purity in under 1h and in good yield (71%). Thermoset polymer (epoxy-derived) samples were prepared using a room-temperature standard cure (SC) and a post-cured (PC) protocol to encourage incorporation of the α-aminophosphonate into the polymer network, with improved flammability properties observed for the latter. Thermogravimetric analysis under a nitrogen atmosphere showed increased char yield at 600°C, and similar observations were made when analysis was conducted in air. Significant reductions in flammability are observed at very low phosphorus content (P%=0.16–0.49%), demonstrated by higher char yields (25.5 from 14.0% in air), decreased burn time from ignition (60 to 24s), and decreased mass loss after ignition (87.6 to 58.5%). Limiting Oxygen Index for the neat polymer (P%=0%, 20.3±0.8%) increased with increasing α-aminophosphonate additive (P%=0.16%, 20.8±0.6%; P%=0.32%, 21.4±0.4%; P%=0.49%, 22.6±0.8%).
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16
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Randall JD, Eyckens DJ, Stojcevski F, Francis PS, Doeven EH, Barlow AJ, Barrow AS, Arnold CL, Moses JE, Henderson LC. Modification of Carbon Fibre Surfaces by Sulfur-Fluoride Exchange Click Chemistry. Chemphyschem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Randall
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Paul S. Francis
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Anders J. Barlow
- Centre for Materials and Surface Science and Department of Chemistry and Physics, School of Molecular Sciences; La Trobe University; Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
| | - Andrew S. Barrow
- The Click Chemistry Research Laboratory; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora; Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3083
| | - Chantelle L. Arnold
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - John E. Moses
- The Click Chemistry Research Laboratory; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora; Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3083
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
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17
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Randall JD, Eyckens DJ, Stojcevski F, Francis PS, Doeven EH, Barlow AJ, Barrow AS, Arnold CL, Moses JE, Henderson LC. Front Cover: Modification of Carbon Fibre Surfaces by Sulfur-Fluoride Exchange Click Chemistry (ChemPhysChem 23/2018). Chemphyschem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201801053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Randall
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Paul S. Francis
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - Anders J. Barlow
- Centre for Materials and Surface Science and Department of Chemistry and Physics, School of Molecular Sciences; La Trobe University; Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
| | - Andrew S. Barrow
- The Click Chemistry Research Laboratory; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora; Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3083
| | - Chantelle L. Arnold
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
| | - John E. Moses
- The Click Chemistry Research Laboratory; La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora; Melbourne, Victoria Australia 3083
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong Waurn Ponds, Victoria Australia 3216
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18
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Randall JD, Eyckens DJ, Stojcevski F, Francis PS, Doeven EH, Barlow AJ, Barrow AS, Arnold CL, Moses JE, Henderson LC. Modification of Carbon Fibre Surfaces by Sulfur-Fluoride Exchange Click Chemistry. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3176-3181. [PMID: 30253016 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Technologies that enable surface modification are in high demand and are critical for the implementation of new functional materials and devices. Here, we describe the first modification of a carbon surface (in this case carbon fiber) using the sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction. The parent sulfur (VI) fluoride moiety can be installed directly to the surface via electrochemical deposition of the fluorosulfate phenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salt, or by 'SuFExing' a phenol on the carbon surface followed by treatment of the material with SO2 F2 ; similar to a 'graft to' or 'graft from' functionalization approach. We demonstrate that these SuFEx-able surfaces readily undergo exchange with aryl silyl ethers, and that the subsequent sulfate linkages are themselves stable under electrochemical redox conditions. Finally, we showcase the utility of the SuFEx chemistry by installing a pendant amino group to the fiber surface resulting in interfacial shear strength improvements of up to 130 % in epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Randall
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Daniel J Eyckens
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Filip Stojcevski
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Paul S Francis
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Egan H Doeven
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - Anders J Barlow
- Centre for Materials and Surface Science and Department of Chemistry and Physics, School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3086
| | - Andrew S Barrow
- The Click Chemistry Research Laboratory, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3083
| | - Chantelle L Arnold
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
| | - John E Moses
- The Click Chemistry Research Laboratory, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3083
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia, 3216
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19
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Yoganantharajah P, Ray AP, Eyckens DJ, Henderson LC, Gibert Y. Comparison of solvate ionic liquids and DMSO as an in vivo delivery and storage media for small molecular therapeutics. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:32. [PMID: 29843701 PMCID: PMC5975478 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solvate ionic liquids (SILs) are a new class of ionic liquids that are equimolar solutions of lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide in either triglyme or tetraglyme, referred to as G3LiTFSA and G4LiTFSA, respectively. SILs play a role in energy storage lithium batteries, and have been proposed as potential alternatives to traditional organic solvents such as DMSO. G3TFSA and G4TFSA have been shown to exhibit no toxicity in vivo up to 0.5% (v/v), and solubilize small compounds (N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde) with full penetrance, similar to DMSO delivered DEAB. Herein, we compare the effects of storage (either at room temperature or - 20 °C) on DEAB solubilized in either DMSO, G3TFSA or G4TFSA to investigate compound degradation and efficacy. RESULTS The findings show that DEAB stored at room temperature (RT) for 4 months solubilized in either G3TFSA, G4TFSA or DMSO displayed no loss of penetrance. The same was observed with stock solutions stored at - 20 °C for 4 months; however G4TFSA remained in a liquid state compared to both G3TFSA and DMSO. Moreover, we examined the ability of G3TFSA and G4TFSA to solubilize another small molecular therapeutic, the FGFR antagonist SU5402. G4TFSA, unlike G3TFSA solubilized SU5402 and displayed similar phenotypic characteristics and reduced dlx2a expression as reported and shown with SU5402 in DMSO; albeit more penetrative. CONCLUSION This study validates the use of these ionic liquids as a potential replacement for DMSO in vivo as organic solubilizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prusothman Yoganantharajah
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Alexander P Ray
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Daniel J Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Yann Gibert
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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20
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Abstract
A range of α-aminophosphonates were accessed in high yields and very rapidly, using solvate ionic liquids as the reaction media.
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21
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Eyckens DJ, Demir B, Walsh TR, Welton T, Henderson LC. Correction: Determination of Kamlet-Taft parameters for selected solvate ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19975. [PMID: 27388950 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp90177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'Determination of Kamlet-Taft parameters for selected solvate ionic liquids' by Daniel J. Eyckens et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 13153-13157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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22
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Eyckens DJ, Champion ME, Fox BL, Yoganantharajah P, Gibert Y, Welton T, Henderson LC. Solvate Ionic Liquids as Reaction Media for Electrocyclic Transformations. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Yoganantharajah P, Eyckens DJ, Pedrina JL, Henderson LC, Gibert Y. A study on acute toxicity and solvent capacity of solvate ionic liquids in vivo using a zebrafish model (Danio rerio). NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo toxicity of several solvate ionic liquids have been assessed using a zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J. Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
- Strategic Research Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
| | - Jessie L. Pedrina
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory
- Deakin School of Medicine
- Australia
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
- Strategic Research Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
| | - Yann Gibert
- Metabolic Genetic Diseases Laboratory
- Deakin School of Medicine
- Australia
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Eyckens DJ, Demir B, Walsh TR, Welton T, Henderson LC. Determination of Kamlet–Taft parameters for selected solvate ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13153-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The normalised polarity ENT and Kamlet–Taft parameters of recently described solvate ionic liquids, composed of lithium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) in tri- (G3TFSI) or tetraglyme (G4TFSI) have been determined and compared to the parent glyme (G3 and G4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Eyckens
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
- Strategic Research Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
| | - Baris Demir
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Luke C. Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
- Strategic Research Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology
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25
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Eyckens DJ, Brozinski HL, Delaney JP, Servinis L, Naghashian S, Henderson LC. Ion-Tagged Prolinamide Organocatalysts for the Direct Aldol Reaction On-Water. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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