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Bean DJ, Monroe J, Liang YM, Borberg E, Senussi Y, Swank Z, Chalise S, Walt D, Weinberg J, Sagar M. Heterotypic responses against nsp12/nsp13 from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection associates with lower subsequent endemic coronavirus incidence. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.23.563621. [PMID: 37961343 PMCID: PMC10634759 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination do not prevent re-infections and may not protect against future novel coronaviruses (CoVs). We examined the incidence of and immune differences against human endemic CoVs (eCoV) as a proxy for response against future emerging CoVs. Assessment was among those with known SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination but no documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, or neither exposure. Retrospective cohort analyses suggest that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not COVID-19 vaccination alone, protects against subsequent symptomatic eCoV infection. CD8+ T cell responses to the non-structural eCoV proteins, nsp12 and nsp13, were significantly higher in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection as compared to the other groups. The three groups had similar cellular responses against the eCoV spike and nucleocapsid, and those with prior spike exposure had lower eCoV-directed neutralizing antibodies. Incorporation of non-structural viral antigens in a future pan-CoV vaccine may improve protection against future heterologous CoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Bean
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Janet Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Mei Liang
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Ella Borberg
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Yasmeen Senussi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Zoe Swank
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Sujata Chalise
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - David Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Janice Weinberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Manish Sagar
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Muthamia E, Mungai S, Mungai M, Bandawe G, Qadri F, Kawser Z, Lockman S, Ivers LC, Walt D, Suliman S, Mwau M, Gitaka J. Assessment of performance and implementation characteristics of rapid point of care SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing. AAS Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13323.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a need for rapid identification of infectious cases. Testing barriers have prohibited adequate screening for SARS-CoV-2, resulting in significant delays in commencement of treatment and outbreak control measures. This study aimed to generate evidence on the performance and implementation characteristics of the BD Veritor™ Plus System rapid antigen test as compared to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya. Methods: This was a field test performance evaluation in adults undergoing testing for SARS-CoV-2. Recruited participants were classified as SARS-CoV-2-positive based on RT-PCR carried out on nasopharyngeal swabs. Antigen tests were performed with simultaneous RT-PCR on 272 participants, allowing estimation of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the rapid antigen test. Implementation characteristics were assessed. Results: We enrolled 97 PCR negative symptomatic and 128 PCR negative asymptomatic, and 28 PCR positive symptomatic and 19 PCR positive asymptomatic participants. Compared to RT-PCR, the sensitivity of the rapid antigen test was 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] 86.6 to 100.0) while the specificity was 98% (95% CI 96 to 100). There was no association between sensitivity and symptom status, or between the cycle threshold value and sensitivity of the BD Veritor. The rapid test had a quick turnaround time, required minimal resources, and laboratory personnel conducting testing found it easier to use than RT-PCR. The relatively high sensitivity of BD Veritor may be partially attributed to shortages of RT-PCR testing materials, resulting in specimen analysis delays and potential degradation of viral genetic material. Therefore, in resource-constrained settings, rapid antigen tests may perform better than the reference RT-PCR, resulting in prompt institution of isolation and treatment measures. Conclusion: The BD Veritor rapid antigen test’s high sensitivity should be interpreted with consideration to the challenges occasioned by RT-PCR testing in resource-constrained settings.
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Bausk BP, Sherman AC, Desjardins M, Izaguirre NE, Cheng CA, Powell M, Senussi Y, Gilboa T, Krauss JH, Dirr B, Power E, Joyce A, Stewart L, Ometoruwa O, Novack LA, Evans B, Woods T, Tong A, Walt D, Soiffer R, Ho VT, Issa NC, Baden LR. 25. Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021. [PMCID: PMC8644500 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab466.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients are at an increased risk of poor outcomes from COVID-19. While the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer) COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are highly immunogenic in the general population, the immune response in SCT recipients is poorly understood. We characterized the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in a cohort of SCT patients. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study of 16 allogeneic SCT patients and 23 healthy controls. Blood samples for both cohorts were collected prior to first vaccination (baseline), at the time of second vaccination, and approximately 28 days post-second vaccination. Anti-Spike (S), anti-S1, anti-receptor binding domain (RBD), and anti-Nucleocapsid (N) IgG levels were measured quantitatively from plasma using a multiplexed single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassay. Reactogenicity was captured for the SCT cohort via a self-reported post-vaccination diary for 7 days after each dose. Results Demographics and SCT recipients’ characteristics are shown in Table 1. In the SCT cohort, we observed a significantly lower anti-S (p< 0.0001), S1 (p< 0.0001), and RBD (p< 0.0001) IgG responses as compared to healthy controls, both at the time of dose 2 and 28 days post-vaccine series (Fig 1). Overall, 62.5% of SCT recipients were responders after vaccine series completion, as compared to 100% of healthy controls (Fig 2). While no patients had a reported history of COVID-19 diagnosis, 2 patients in the SCT cohort had elevated anti-S IgG levels and 1 showed elevated anti-N at baseline. 10/16 participants in the SCT cohort completed at least one post-vaccination diary. Local and systemic reactions were reported by 67% and 22% of participants, respectively, after dose 1, and 63% and 50% after dose 2 (Figure 3). All reported events were mild. Table 1: Demographics ![]()
Figure 1: Plasma IgG Titers ![]()
Anti-Spike (A), anti-S1 (B), anti-RBD (C), and anti-nucleocapsid (D) IgG titers were measured at baseline, time of second dose, and approximately 28 days after second vaccination. IgG levels were measured quantitatively using multiplexed single molecule array (Simoa) immunoassays, and are reported as Normalized Average Enzymes per Bead (AEB). Allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients (mauve) showed significantly lower anti-S, S1, and RBD IgG responses as compared to healthy controls (mint). Low titers of anti-N IgG demonstrates no history of COVID-19 natural infection during the course of the study. Figure 3. Solicited Local and Systemic Adverse Events ![]()
10 allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients completed at least one diary for 7 days after vaccination. Reactions after dose 1 are shown in light blue, and reactions after dose 2 are shown in dark blue. Local reactions (A) were reported by 67% (6/9) of participants after dose 1, and 63% (5/8) after dose 2. Systemic reactions (B) were reported by 22% (2/9) of participants after dose 1, and 50% (4/8) after dose 2. All reported events were mild (Grade 1). Conclusion Among SCT recipients, mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were well-tolerated but less immunogenic than in healthy controls. Further study is warranted to better understand heterogeneous characteristics that may affect the immune response in order to optimize COVID-19 vaccination strategies for SCT recipients. Figure 2: Response Rate to COVID-19 Vaccination ![]()
An internally validated threshold for responders was established using pre-pandemic sera from healthy adults. A positive antibody response was was defined as individuals with anti-Spike IgG levels above the 1.07 Normalized AEB threshold. Disclosures Amy Joyce, NP, Kadmon (Advisor or Review Panel member) Lewis A. Novack, MS, Lumicell Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support)Precision Healing, Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support) David Walt, PhD, Quanterix Corporation (Board Member, Shareholder) Robert Soiffer, MD, alexion (Consultant)gilead (Advisor or Review Panel member)jazz (Advisor or Review Panel member)juno/bms (Advisor or Review Panel member)kiadis (Board Member)precision bioscience (Consultant)Rheos (Consultant)takeda (Consultant) Nicolas C. Issa, MD, AiCuris (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Astellas (Scientific Research Study Investigator)GSK (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Scientific Research Study Investigator)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy C Sherman
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Chi-An Cheng
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan Powell
- BWH Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Tal Gilboa
- Brigham and Womens' hospital, Brookline, Massachusetts
| | | | - Bonnie Dirr
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elyssa Power
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Joyce
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Stewart
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Walt
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Wyss Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Vincent T Ho
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Izaguirre NE, Sherman AC, Crombie J, Desjardins M, Cheng CA, Gilboa T, Powell M, Bausk BP, Abasciano N, Baker P, McDonough M, Armand P, Walt D, Issa NC, Baden LR. 586. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Patients with Lymphoid Malignancies. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021. [PMCID: PMC8644561 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab466.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with lymphoid malignancies are at high risk of severe COVID-19 disease and were not included in the phase 3 mRNA vaccine trials. Many patients with lymphoid malignancies receive immunosuppressive therapies, including B-cell depleting agents, that may negatively impact humoral response to vaccination. Methods We recruited patients with lymphoid malignancies and healthy participants who planned to receive two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273). Blood was drawn at baseline, prior to second dose of vaccine, and 28 days after last vaccination. Disease characteristics and therapies were extracted from patients’ electronic medical record. An ultrasensitive, single molecule array (Simoa) assay detected anti-Spike (S), anti-S1, anti-receptor binding domain (RBD), and anti-Nucleocapsid (N) IgG from plasma at each timepoint. Results 23 healthy participants and 37 patients with lymphoid malignancies were enrolled (Table 1). Low titers of anti-N (Fig 1A) demonstrate no prior exposure or acquisition of COVID-19 before vaccination or during the study. 37.8% of the lymphoid malignancy cohort responded to the vaccine, using an internally validated AEB cutoff of 1.07. A significantly higher magnitude of anti-S (p< 0.0001), anti-S1 (p< 0.0001) and anti-RBD (p< 0.0001) are present in the healthy as compared to lymphoid malignancy cohort at the second dose and day 28 post-series (Fig 1B, Fig 1C and Fig 1D). Anti-S IgG titers were compared between the healthy cohort, treatment naïve, and treatment experienced groups (Fig 2). The treatment naïve cohort had high titers by series completion which were not significantly different from the healthy cohort (p=0.2259), although the treatment experienced group had significantly decreased titers (p< 0.0001). Of the 20 patients who had received CD20 therapy, there was no clear correlation of anti-S IgG response with time from CD20 therapy, although most patients who received CD20 therapies within 12 months from the vaccine had no response (Figure 3). Table 1. Demographics ![]()
Figure 1. Anti-N, Anti-S, Anti-S1, Anti-RBD and Anti-N Ig G for healthy v. lymphoid malignancy cohort ![]()
The dotted line at 1.07 marks in an internally validated threshold to mark anti-S IgG response. The black bars denote median with 95% CI. Figure 2: Anti-S IgG for healthy v. treatment naïve v. treatment experienced ![]()
The dotted line at 1.07 marks in an internally validated threshold to mark antibody response. The black bars denote median with 95% CI. Conclusion The vaccine-induced immune response was poor among treatment-experienced patients with lymphoid malignancies, especially among those who received CD20 therapies within 12 months. Figure 3. Months from CD20 therapy v. anti-S IgG titers ![]()
The dotted line at 1.07 marks in an internally validated threshold to mark antibody response. Disclosures Jennifer Crombie, MD, AbbVie (Grant/Research Support)Bauer (Grant/Research Support)Karyopharm (Consultant)MorphoSys (Consultant) Philippe Armand, MD PhD, ADCT, Celgene, Morphosys, Daiichi, Miltenyi, Tessa, C4, Genmab, Enterome, Regeneron, Genentech, Epizyme, Astra Zeneca (Consultant, Sorry to put them all in, hope you can deconvolute for me)Affimed, Adaptive, BMS, Merck, Kite, IGM, Genentech (Research Grant or Support, Institutional research funding) David Walt, PhD, Quanterix Corporation (Board Member, Shareholder) Nicolas C. Issa, MD, AiCuris (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Astellas (Scientific Research Study Investigator)GSK (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Scientific Research Study Investigator)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy C Sherman
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Chi-An Cheng
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tal Gilboa
- Brigham and Womens' Hospital, Brookline, Massachusetts
| | - Megan Powell
- BWH Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Peter Baker
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - David Walt
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital/Wyss Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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5
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Gilboa T, Ogata AF, Walt D. Single-molecule enzymology for diagnostics: profiling alkaline phosphatase activity in clinical samples. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100358. [PMID: 34375495 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes can be used as biomarkers for a variety of diseases. However, profiling enzyme activity in clinical samples is challenging due to the heterogeneity in enzyme activity, and the low abundance of the target enzyme in biofluids. Single-molecule methods can overcome these challenges by providing information on the distribution of enzyme activities in a sample. Here, we describe the concept of using the single-molecule enzymology (SME) method to analyze enzymatic activity in clinical samples. We present recent work focused on measuring alkaline phosphatase isotypes in serum samples using SME. Future work will involve improving and simplifying this technology, and applying it to other enzymes for diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Gilboa
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, pathology, 60 Fenwood Rd, Bbf-8006, 02115-6195, Boston, UNITED STATES
| | - Alana F Ogata
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, pathology, UNITED STATES
| | - David Walt
- Harvard Medical School, -, -, -, -, UNITED STATES
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6
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Ben-Othman R, Cai B, Liu AC, Varankovich N, He D, Blimkie TM, Lee AH, Gill EE, Novotny M, Aevermann B, Drissler S, Shannon CP, McCann S, Marty K, Bjornson G, Edgar RD, Lin DTS, Gladish N, Maclsaac J, Amenyogbe N, Chan Q, Llibre A, Collin J, Landais E, Le K, Reiss SM, Koff WC, Havenar-Daughton C, Heran M, Sangha B, Walt D, Krajden M, Crotty S, Sok D, Briney B, Burton DR, Duffy D, Foster LJ, Mohn WW, Kobor MS, Tebbutt SJ, Brinkman RR, Scheuermann RH, Hancock REW, Kollmann TR, Sadarangani M. Systems Biology Methods Applied to Blood and Tissue for a Comprehensive Analysis of Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Adults. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580373. [PMID: 33250895 PMCID: PMC7672042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional vaccine design has been based on trial-and-error approaches, which have been generally successful. However, there have been some major failures in vaccine development and we still do not have highly effective licensed vaccines for tuberculosis, HIV, respiratory syncytial virus, and other major infections of global significance. Approaches at rational vaccine design have been limited by our understanding of the immune response to vaccination at the molecular level. Tools now exist to undertake in-depth analysis using systems biology approaches, but to be fully realized, studies are required in humans with intensive blood and tissue sampling. Methods that support this intensive sampling need to be developed and validated as feasible. To this end, we describe here a detailed approach that was applied in a study of 15 healthy adults, who were immunized with hepatitis B vaccine. Sampling included ~350 mL of blood, 12 microbiome samples, and lymph node fine needle aspirates obtained over a ~7-month period, enabling comprehensive analysis of the immune response at the molecular level, including single cell and tissue sample analysis. Samples were collected for analysis of immune phenotyping, whole blood and single cell gene expression, proteomics, lipidomics, epigenetics, whole blood response to key immune stimuli, cytokine responses, in vitro T cell responses, antibody repertoire analysis and the microbiome. Data integration was undertaken using different approaches-NetworkAnalyst and DIABLO. Our results demonstrate that such intensive sampling studies are feasible in healthy adults, and data integration tools exist to analyze the vast amount of data generated from a multi-omics systems biology approach. This will provide the basis for a better understanding of vaccine-induced immunity and accelerate future rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ben-Othman
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Bing Cai
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aaron C Liu
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natallia Varankovich
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel He
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Travis M Blimkie
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy H Lee
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Erin E Gill
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark Novotny
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute (La Jolla), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Brian Aevermann
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute (La Jolla), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Casey P Shannon
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah McCann
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kim Marty
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gordean Bjornson
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel D Edgar
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Tse Shen Lin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicole Gladish
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julia Maclsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alba Llibre
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Joyce Collin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elise Landais
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Khoa Le
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Samantha M Reiss
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wayne C Koff
- Human Vaccines Project, New York, NY, United States
| | - Colin Havenar-Daughton
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Manraj Heran
- Department of Radiology, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bippan Sangha
- Department of Radiology, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Walt
- Wyss Institute at Harvard University, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Bryan Briney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William W Mohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Scott J Tebbutt
- Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence and Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan R Brinkman
- Terry Fox Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard H Scheuermann
- Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute (La Jolla), La Jolla, CA, United States.,Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Chen-Plotkin AS, Albin R, Alcalay R, Babcock D, Bajaj V, Bowman D, Buko A, Cedarbaum J, Chelsky D, Cookson MR, Dawson TM, Dewey R, Foroud T, Frasier M, German D, Gwinn K, Huang X, Kopil C, Kremer T, Lasch S, Marek K, Marto JA, Merchant K, Mollenhauer B, Naito A, Potashkin J, Reimer A, Rosenthal LS, Saunders-Pullman R, Scherzer CR, Sherer T, Singleton A, Sutherland M, Thiele I, van der Brug M, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Vaillancourt D, Walt D, West A, Zhang J. Finding useful biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaam6003. [PMID: 30111645 PMCID: PMC6097233 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of an "ecosystem" of shared biofluid sample biorepositories and data sets will focus biomarker efforts in Parkinson's disease, boosting the therapeutic development pipeline and enabling translation with real-world impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Roger Albin
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roy Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Debra Babcock
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Vikram Bajaj
- Verily/Google Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dubois Bowman
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alex Buko
- Human Metabolome Technology-America, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | | | | | - Mark R Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard Dewey
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark Frasier
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Dwight German
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Katrina Gwinn
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Catherine Kopil
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Thomas Kremer
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, NORD Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shirley Lasch
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ken Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, 34128 Kassel, Germany
- University Medical Center, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anna Naito
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Judith Potashkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Alyssa Reimer
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson's Disease Research and Precision Neurology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd Sherer
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Sutherland
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Ines Thiele
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - David Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew West
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Agre P, Bertozzi C, Bissell M, Campbell KP, Cummings RD, Desai UR, Estes M, Flotte T, Fogleman G, Gage F, Ginsburg D, Gordon JI, Hart G, Hascall V, Kiessling L, Kornfeld S, Lowe J, Magnani J, Mahal LK, Medzhitov R, Roberts RJ, Sackstein R, Sarkar R, Schnaar R, Schwartz N, Varki A, Walt D, Weissman I. Training the next generation of biomedical investigators in glycosciences. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:405-8. [PMID: 26829621 DOI: 10.1172/jci85905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This position statement originated from a working group meeting convened on April 15, 2015, by the NHLBI and incorporates follow-up contributions by the participants as well as other thought leaders subsequently consulted, who together represent research fields relevant to all branches of the NIH. The group was deliberately composed not only of individuals with a current research emphasis in the glycosciences, but also of many experts from other fields, who evinced a strong interest in being involved in the discussions. The original goal was to discuss the value of creating centers of excellence for training the next generation of biomedical investigators in the glycosciences. A broader theme that emerged was the urgent need to bring the glycosciences back into the mainstream of biology by integrating relevant education into the curricula of medical, graduate, and postgraduate training programs, thus generating a critical sustainable workforce that can advance the much-needed translation of glycosciences into a more complete understanding of biology and the enhanced practice of medicine.
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9
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Wilson D, Duffy D, Rissin D, Kan C, Campbell T, Howes S, Fournier D, Piech T, Provuncher G, Patel P, Ferrell E, Rivnak A, Randall J, Song L, Walt D. Development of AccuPSATM, a novel digital immunoassay for subfemtomolar measurement of PSA in postradical prostatectomy patients. Clin Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/diag-10-b14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Develop a method for measuring prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the serum of patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). The method is based on Single Molecule Array (SiMoATM) technology in which individual molecules of analyte are trapped in femtoliter microwells and counted. Measurement of PSA in post RP patients 4-6 weeks after surgery (nadir PSA levels) has potential prognostic value.
Experimental: The assay starts as a sandwich ELISA except that 2.7 μm paramagnetic beads serve as the solid phase rather than the ELISA plate. The assay is initiated by mixing sample with beads coated with anti-PSA antibody, and the mixture is incubated for two hours. During the incubation, PSA molecules are captured with an excess of beads, such that the ratio of bound PSA per bead is much less than one. Following a wash in which beads are separated using a magnet, biotinylated detector antibody is incubated with the beads for 45 minutes. After a second wash, a conjugate of streptavidin-β-galactosidase is incubated with the beads for 30 minutes to form the final enzyme immunocomplex. Upon completion, the beads are loaded onto the ends of bundles of optical fibers etched with an array of 50,000 microwells, each with a volume of 50 femtoliters (4.5 μm wide × 3.25 μm deep). Single beads are introduced into each well via a 10-minute centrifugation at 1,300 g. Excess beads are removed, and the bundles are sealed against a solution of resorufin β-D-galactopyranoside (RDG). Wells containing an enzyme immunocomplex convert RDG to a fluorescent product, which becomes concentrated in the small volume of the wells. Concentration of the fluorescent product permits ready imaging by a CCD camera and discrimination from wells that contain no enzyme immunocomplex. Poisson statistics predict that each well will contain either one PSA molecule or no PSA molecules when the ratio of bound PSA per bead is much less than one. This results in digitized quantification. Raw signal is recorded as “% active wells”, which can be converted to “average enzymes/bead” to correct for non-Poisson behavior at higher PSA concentrations. The output is related to a standard curve and converted to a PSA concentration of the sample.
Results: In preliminary validation studies across multiple runs and reagent batches, the AccuPSA assay exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 pg/mL, and a limit of quantification of less than 0.05 pg/mL. Linearity was demonstrated across a calibration range from 0 to 100 pg/mL, giving a five-log assay range relative to the LOD. The assay exhibited good agreement with a commercially available PSA test. PSA levels were measured in 60 post-RP specimens selected as being below the detection limit of a commercially available chemiluminescent immunoassay. All specimens gave measurable PSA results in the SiMoA PSA assay, with results ranging down to 0.014 pg/mL (0.4 fM).
Conclusion: The results suggest that PSA can be reliably measured in post RP patients with SiMoA technology. Recent results by others suggest measurement of nadir PSA following surgery may have prognostic value for recurrence-free survival. Measurement of PSA in post RP patients with AccuPSA could affirm a good prognosis, reduce unnecessary adjuvant radiation, and enable earlier detection of recurrence for earlier, more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cheuk Kan
- 1Quanterix Corporation, Cambridge, MA
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