1
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Gilioli S, Giovanardi R, Gemelli A, Severini A, Roncaglia F, Carella A, Rossella F, Vanossi D, Marchetti A, Carmieli R, Fontanesi C, Pasquali L, Montecchi M, Ferrari C. Charge-transfer complexes: halogen-doped anthracene as a case of study. Chemistry 2024:e202400519. [PMID: 38651246 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) crystals exhibit unique electronic and magnetic properties with interesting applications. We present a rational and easy guide which allows to foresee the effective charge transfer co-crystal production and that is based on the comparison of the frontier molecular orbital (MO) energies of a donor and acceptor couple. For the sake of comparison, theoretical calculations have been carried out by using the cheap and fast PM6 semiempirical Hamiltonian and pure HF/cc-pVTZ level of the theory. The results are then compared with experimental results obtained both by chemical (bromine and iodine were used as the acceptor) and electrochemical doping (exploiting an original experimental set-up by this laboratory: the electrochemical transistor). Infra-red vibrational experimental results and theoretically calculated spectra are compared to assess both the effective donor-acceptor (D/A) charge-transfer and transport mechanism (giant IRAV polaron signature). XPS spectra have been collected (carbon (1s) and iodine (3d5/2)) signals, yielding further evidence of the effective formation of the CT anthracene:iodine complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gilioli
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, DIEF, ITALY
| | - Roberto Giovanardi
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Engineering Enzo Ferrari, DIEF, ITALY
| | - Andrea Gemelli
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, DSCG, ITALY
| | - Andrea Severini
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, DSCG, ITALY
| | - Fabrizio Roncaglia
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, DSCG, ITALY
| | - Alberta Carella
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Physical Information and Mathematical Sciences, FIM, ITALY
| | - Francesco Rossella
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Faculty of Mathematical Physical and Natural Sciences, FIM, ITALY
| | - Davide Vanossi
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Chemical Sciences and Geology, DSCG, ITALY
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Chemical Sciences and Geology, DSCG, ITALY
| | - Raanan Carmieli
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Chemical Research Support, ISRAEL
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia: Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, of Engineering, Via Vignolese 10, 41125, MODENA, ITALY
| | | | | | - Camilla Ferrari
- Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, DIEF, ITALY
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2
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Stummo A, Montecchi M, Parenti F, Vanossi D, Fontanesi C, Capelli R, Pasquali L. Growth Dynamics of Ultrathin Films of Benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene Derivatives on Au(111): A Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation. Langmuir 2023; 39:5602-5609. [PMID: 37027516 PMCID: PMC10116645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin films of a stereoisomeric mixture of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene derivatives were grown by thermal evaporation in vacuum on Au(111), and they were studied in situ by photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray photons from a non-monochromatic Mg Kα conventional X-ray source and UV photons from a He I discharge lamp equipped with a linear polarizer were used. He I photoemission results were compared with density functional theory (DFT) calculations: density of states (DOS) and 3D molecular orbital density distribution. Au 4f, C 1s, O 1s, and S 2p core-level components suggest a surface rearrangement as a function of film nominal thickness, with the variation of the molecular orientation, from flat-laying at the initial deposition to tilted toward the surface normal at coverages exceeding 2 nm. Eventually, the DFT results were exploited in assigning of the valence band experimental structures. Moreover, polarization-dependent photoemission confirmed the tilted arrangement of the molecules, starting at 2 nm. A variation of the work function of 1.4 eV with respect to the clean substrate was measured, together with a valence band offset of 1.3 eV between the organic layer and gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Stummo
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Monica Montecchi
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Parenti
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Capelli
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14, Km. 163.5 in
AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Department
of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Strada Statale 14, Km. 163.5 in
AREA Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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3
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Bruno C, Ussano E, Barucca G, Vanossi D, Valenti G, Jackson EA, Goldoni A, Litti L, Fermani S, Pasquali L, Meneghetti M, Fontanesi C, Scott LT, Paolucci F, Marcaccio M. Wavy graphene sheets from electrochemical sewing of corannulene. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8048-8057. [PMID: 34194694 PMCID: PMC8208314 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of non-hexagonal rings in the honeycomb carbon arrangement of graphene produces rippled graphene layers with valuable chemical and physical properties. In principle, a bottom-up approach to introducing distortion from planarity of a graphene sheet can be achieved by careful insertion of curved polyaromatic hydrocarbons during the growth of the lattice. Corannulene, the archetype of such non-planar polyaromatic hydrocarbons, can act as an ideal wrinkling motif in 2D carbon nanostructures. Herein we report an electrochemical bottom-up method to obtain egg-box shaped nanographene structures through a polycondensation of corannulene that produces a new conducting layered material. Characterization of this new polymeric material by electrochemistry, spectroscopy, electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), scanning probe microscopy, and laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry provides strong evidence that the anodic polymerization of corannulene, combined with electrochemically induced oxidative cyclodehydrogenations (Scholl reactions), leads to polycorannulene with a wavy graphene-like structure. A bottom-up synthesis of wavy graphene structures obtained through an anodic polymerization process, combined with an electrochemically triggered oxidative cyclodehydrogenation, of the bowl-shaped polyaromatic hydrocarbon corannulene.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bruno
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Eleonora Ussano
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Gianni Barucca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia, Ambiente ed Urbanistica, Università Politecnica delle Marche via Brecce Bianche 12 60131 Ancona Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia via Campi 183 41100 Modena Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Edward A Jackson
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-3860 USA
| | - Andrea Goldoni
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34012 Trieste Italy
| | - Lucio Litti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria 'E. Ferrari', Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Via Vivarelli 10 41125 Modena Italy .,Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. s.s. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34012 Trieste Italy
| | - Moreno Meneghetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria 'E. Ferrari', Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Via Vivarelli 10 41125 Modena Italy
| | - Lawrence T Scott
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467-3860 USA .,Chemistry Department, University of Nevada Reno NV 89511 USA
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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Bonechi M, Innocenti M, Vanossi D, Fontanesi C. The Fundamental and Underrated Role of the Base Electrolyte in the Polymerization Mechanism. The Resorcinol Case Study. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:34-42. [PMID: 33351623 PMCID: PMC8016188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Kane-Maguire polymerization mechanism is disassembled at a molecular level by using DFT-based quantum mechanical calculations. Resorcinol electropolymerization is selected as a case study. Stationary points (transition states and intermediate species) leading to the formation of the dimer are found on the potential energy surface (PES), and elementary reactions involved in the dimer formation are characterized. The latter allow to further propagate the polymerization chain reaction, when applied recursively. In this paper, the fundamental role of the sulfate anion (a typical base electrolyte) is addressed. Investigation of the PES in terms of both stationary-state properties and of ab initio molecular dynamics results (dynamic reaction coordinate) allows the appreciation in detail of the critical role of the base electrolyte anion in making the proton dissociation from the initial radical ion, a feasible (downhill in energy) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bonechi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
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5
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Caselli M, Vanossi D, Buffagni M, Imperato M, Pigani L, Mucci A, Parenti F. Optoelectronic Properties of A-π-D-π-A Thiophene-Based Materials with a Dithienosilole Core: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1314-1323. [PMID: 31944051 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Two A-π-D-π-A thiophene-based small molecules with a central dithienosilole core and dicyanovinyl (DCV) end groups were synthesized. These compounds differ only by the presence of alkyl and alkylsulfanyl chains, respectively, on the thiophene beta positions. Computational data together with the spectroscopic and electrochemical findings (obtained by means of absorption, steady-state/time-resolved emission techniques, and cyclic voltammetry) revealed that both molecules possess low electronic and optical band gaps, broad absorption spectra, and good stability both in p and n-doping states, which make them suitable for optoelectronic applications. In both compounds, the HOMO-LUMO transition involves an intramolecular charge transfer from the electron-donor dithienosilole unit to the two terminal electron-acceptor DCV groups. A marked positive emission solvatochromism was observed for both molecules and was interpreted on the basis of the symmetry breaking in the S1 excited state. The two synthesized compounds were also compared to their shorter precursors and to similar oligothiophenes to understand how the nature of the building block influences the characteristics of the final materials. Furthermore, it was possible to better understand the contribution of the sulfur atom in modulating the optical properties of the small molecules studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Caselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Mirko Buffagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuel Imperato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Pigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Parenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
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6
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Vanossi D, Caselli M, Pavesi G, Borsari C, Linciano P, Costi MP, Ponterini G. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer in a bioactive flavonoid provides fluorescence observables for recognizing its engagement with target proteins. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2270-2280. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intra- vs. intermolecular hydrogen-bond formation and ESIPT in a bioactive flavonoid result in different emission properties and provide a clue for recognizing its binding to target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vanossi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE)
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Monica Caselli
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE)
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Giorgia Pavesi
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE)
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Chiara Borsari
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE)
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE)
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE)
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Glauco Ponterini
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE)
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
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7
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Sassi M, Salamone MM, Beverina L, Longoni G, Fontanesi C, Vanossi D, Cigarini L, Ruffo R. An Integrated Theoretical/Experimental Study of Quinolinic-Isoquinolinic Derivatives Acting as Reversible Electrochromes. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10070802. [PMID: 28773162 PMCID: PMC5551845 DOI: 10.3390/ma10070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of compounds, featuring an ethenylic bridge and quinoline and isoquinoline end capping units possessing systematically varied substitution patterns, were prepared as molecular materials for electrochromic applications. The different structures were optimized in order to maximize the electrochromic contrast in the visible region, mostly by achieving a completely UV-absorbing oxidized state. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are exploited in order to rationalize the correlation between the molecular structure, the functional groups' electronic properties, and the electrochemical behavior. It is shown that the molecular planarity (i.e. ring/ring π conjugation) plays a major role in defining the mechanism of the electrochemical charge transfer reaction, while the substituent's nature has an influence on the LUMO energy. Among the compounds here studied, the (E)-10-methyl-9-(2-(2-methylisoquinolinium-1-yl)-vinyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacri-dinium trifluoromethanesulfonate derivative shows the most interesting properties as an electrochromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Sassi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Matteo M Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Beverina
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Longoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Luigi Cigarini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
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8
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Pagoaga B, Mongin O, Caselli M, Vanossi D, Momicchioli F, Blanchard-Desce M, Lemercier G, Hoffmann N, Ponterini G. Optical and photophysical properties of anisole- and cyanobenzene-substituted perylene diimides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4924-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07758c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Substituent and solvent effects on the one- and two-photon absorption and the photophysical properties of eight bay-substituted perylene-diimides are reported and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Pagoaga
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR UMR no. 7312
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Olivier Mongin
- Université Rennes 1
- UMR CNRS 6510
- Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires
- 35042 Rennes cedex
- France
| | - Monica Caselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | - Fabio Momicchioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
| | | | - Gilles Lemercier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR UMR no. 7312
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
- ICMR UMR no. 7312
- 51687 Reims Cedex 2
- France
| | - Glauco Ponterini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
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Cigarini L, Vanossi D, Bondioli F, Fontanesi C. A novel synthetic strategy for magnetite-type compounds. A combined experimental and DFT-computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [PMID: 26198092 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of the early stage reaction between benzyl alcohol and Fe(acetylacetonate)3 is studied by exploiting the Dynamic Reaction Coordinate (DRC) approach, at the PBE0/6-31G* level of theory. Analysis of the DRC trajectory provides a detailed molecular insight into the catalytic effect observed in the acidic reaction environment, compared to the neutral one. The presence of an additional proton in the reaction system, meant to simulate an acidic reaction environment, dramatically affects the reaction path: both by decreasing the activation energy of the complex dissociation and leading to the formation of acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cigarini
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, DSCG, Via G. Campi 41125, Modena, Italy.
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10
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Momicchioli F, Ponterini G, Vanossi D. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of V-shaped D–π–A–π–D chromophores: effects of the incorporation of aromatic rings in the polyenic π-bridges of open-chain ketocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:15576-89. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Tassinari F, Vanossi D, Mucci A, Parenti F, Fontanesi C. Regiochemistry in the electrochemical assisted grafting of glassy carbon. With focus on sterical hindrance of lateral chains in the electroreduction process of multi-functionalized bithiophene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Vanossi D, Pigani L, Seeber R, Ferrarini P, Baraldi P, Fontanesi C. Electropolymerization of ortho-phenylenediamine. Structural characterisation of the resulting polymer film and its interfacial capacitive behaviour. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Vanossi D, Benassi R, Parenti F, Tassinari F, Giovanardi R, Florini N, De Renzi V, Arnaud G, Fontanesi C. Functionalization of glassy carbon surface by means of aliphatic and aromatic amino acids. An experimental and theoretical integrated approach. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ponterini G, Vanossi D, Momicchioli F. Chemical asymmetry and α and β polarizabilities of D-A-D′ chromophores: a three-state-model and TDDFT-SOS analysis of a penta-heptamethine ketocyanine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4171-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Fontanesi C, Bortolotti CA, Vanossi D, Marcaccio M. Dissociation Dynamics of Asymmetric Alkynyl(Aryl)Iodonium Radicals: An ab Initio DRC Approach to Predict the Surface Functionalization Selectivity. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11715-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2032115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fontanesi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Augusto Bortolotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Ponterini G, Vanossi D, Krasnaya ZA, Tatikolov AS, Momicchioli F. Electronic spectra and (hyper)polarizabilities of non-centrosymmetric D–A–D chromophores. An experimentally based three-state model and a theoretical TDDFT study of ketocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9507-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20244h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bruno C, Paolucci F, Marcaccio M, Benassi R, Fontanesi C, Mucci A, Parenti F, Preti L, Schenetti L, Vanossi D. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the p- and n-Doped States of Alkylsulfanyl Octithiophenes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:8585-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bruno
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Rois Benassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Fontanesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Parenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Lisa Preti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Luisa Schenetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Momicchioli F, Ponterini G, Vanossi D. First- and Second-Order Polarizabilities of Simple Merocyanines. An Experimental and Theoretical Reassessment of the Two-Level Model. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11861-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8080854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Momicchioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia and INSTM, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Glauco Ponterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia and INSTM, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia and INSTM, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Lodi A, Caselli M, Casnati A, Momicchioli F, Sansone F, Vanossi D, Ponterini G. Solvent-dependent host–guest complexation of two homologous merocyanines by a water-soluble calix[8]arene: Spectroscopic analysis and structural calculations. J Mol Struct 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Baraldi I, Caselli M, Ponterini G, Vanossi D. Electronic spectra and fluorescence properties of multichromophoric sulfonylureas. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ponterini G, Fiorini M, Vanossi D, Tatikolov AS, Momicchioli F. Excitation Energy Transfer in Ion Pairs of Polymethine Cyanine Dyes: Efficiency and Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7527-38. [PMID: 16774193 DOI: 10.1021/jp0600211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present work deals with singlet excitation energy transfer (EET) occurring in contact ion pairs (CIPs) of several anionic oxonol analogues (acting as EE donors) and cationic cyanines (acting as acceptors) characterized by off resonance individual transitions. Combining conductometric and spectroscopic measurements with decreasing solvent polarity, we were able to observe a progressive ion pairing leading first to solvent-separated ion pairs (SSIPs) and then to CIPs. Analysis of the absorption spectra of three selected salts (A2,C1, A2,C2, and A1,C4) in chloroform-toluene mixtures showed that the transformation of SSIP into CIP involves the appearance of a certain exciton coupling, the extent of which decreases regularly with increasing gap between the local excitation energies. Fluorescence excitation spectra showed that EET occurs in CIP, and EET efficiencies were evaluated with a procedure expressly devised for weakly emitting donors. These were between 0.2 and 0.65 for the examined ion pairs involving anions A1 and A2. The spectroscopic study was complemented by a theoretical investigation aimed at establishing the dynamic regime of the observed EET. From classical MD simulations and local full geometry optimizations, A2,C1 and A2,C2 were found to form rather stable sandwich-type CIP structures with interchromophore distances (R) of about 0.45-0.50 nm. The donor-acceptor electronic coupling was calculated in terms of Coulombic interactions between atomic transition charges. For CIP, the electronic coupling was decidedly beyond the limit of the weak coupling required for an incoherent Förster-type mechanism. Thus, we tried to arrange the EET dynamics within the theory developed by Kimura, Kakitani, and Yamato (J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 9276) for the intermediate coupling case, which provides analytical expressions of time-dependent occupation probability, EET rate, and coherency in terms of two basic quantities: the electronic coupling and a correlation time related to the Franck-Condon factor. The latter was shown to be primarily modulated by Förster's spectral overlap integral (related in turn to the excitation energy gap). Calculations were carried out for the three sample systems using three values of the electronic coupling roughly corresponding to CIP, 1.0, and 2.0 nm interchromophore distances. At the CIP distance, EET in both A2,C1 and A2,C2 was predicted to occur with a partial exciton mechanism, very short transfer times (about 10 fs), and high degree of coherence. In A1,C4 (having the largest energy gap), EET was found to occur with a hot-transfer mechanism. More or less hot-transfer dynamics appeared to be retained by all three systems at R = 1.0 nm. Fully incoherent EET appeared to become operative only at distances larger than 2.0 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ponterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia and INSTM, Via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy
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Momicchioli F, Tatikolov AS, Vanossi D, Ponterini G. Electronic structure and photochemistry of squaraine dyes: basic theoretical analysis and direct detection of the photoisomer of a symmetrical squarylium cyanine. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2004; 3:396-402. [PMID: 15052369 DOI: 10.1039/b315605b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoisomerization kinetics of a squaraine dye has been the object both of experimental investigation and of interpretation in the framework of a qualitative theoretical model formulated by the aid of simple HMO calculations and orbital symmetry considerations. Such a model has first confirmed that the electronic structure and the spectroscopic properties of symmetrical squaraines are related to those of the parent cyanines, with ketocyanines as intermediate systems. Extension of the approach to structures twisted by 90[degree] about a polymethine bond has then provided insight into the electronic aspects and the mechanism of the photoisomerization of the squaraine under study. The reaction, previously indirectly investigated by fluorescence analysis, has been directly monitored by laser flash photolysis. These experiments indicate that, while photoisomerization is likely the main radiationless decay route from the spectroscopic minimum of the lowest excited singlet state (S(1)), the cis photoisomer is produced with only a 1% yield, likely because of an unfavourable cis/trans branching ratio from the perpendicular minimum of the S(1)-state potential energy surface. In contrast with what found for symmetrical cyanines, an increase in the solvent polarity was found to accelerate both the direct, excited-state reaction and, to a much larger extent, the ground-state back-isomerization. Such observations are consistent with predictions of the theoretical model and provide a clue for the identification of the isomerization coordinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Momicchioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Baraldi I, Spalletti A, Vanossi D. Rotamerism and electronic spectra of aza-derivatives of stilbene and diphenylbutadiene. A combined experimental and theoretical study. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2003; 59:75-86. [PMID: 12509149 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(02)00117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The experimental results on the rotameric equilibrium and electronic spectra of aza-derivatives of trans-stilbene and 1,4-diphenylbutadiene, have been rationalized by a theoretical study which combines simple ab initio calculations of molecular energies for the ground state with a theoretical analysis of the splitting of the conjugation band developed at CS INDO CI level. All results indicate that the stable conformer of each ortho aza-derivative is that corresponding to A species. As suggested by the 1H-NMR experiments, the ab initio geometry of ZE-2-pyridylphenylbutadiene is consistent with the presence of the N.H intramolecular hydrogen bond. As regards the Franck-Condon excited states of aza-derivatives, our theoretical results show that the first singlet excited state has (piH, piL*) character in all compounds except for E-4,4'-dipyridylethene, where S1 has (n, pi*) character in non-polar solvent. In this last compound, the theoretical study of solvatochromism indicates a crossing between the 1(n, piL*) and 1(piH, piL*) states which occurs in solvents of high polarity. The inclusion of the most important doubly- and triply-excited configurations in the CI calculations shows that the 1A(g)- excited state is above the spectral region analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baraldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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Baraldi I, Momicchioli F, Ponterini G, Tatikolov AS, Vanossi D. Photoisomerization of simple merocyanines: a theoretical and experimental comparison with polyenes and symmetric cyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b208829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Baraldi I, Caselli M, Momicchioli F, Ponterini G, Vanossi D. Dimerization of green sensitizing cyanines in solution. A spectroscopic and theoretical study of the bonding nature. Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baraldi I, Momicchioli F, Ponterini G, Tatikolov AS, Vanossi D. Exciton-Like and Charge-Transfer States in Cyanine−Oxonol Ion Pairs. An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004479t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Baraldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy and Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Kosygin Street 4, 117977, Moscow, Russia
| | - F. Momicchioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy and Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Kosygin Street 4, 117977, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. Ponterini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy and Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Kosygin Street 4, 117977, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Tatikolov
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy and Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Kosygin Street 4, 117977, Moscow, Russia
| | - D. Vanossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy and Institute of Chemical Physics, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Kosygin Street 4, 117977, Moscow, Russia
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Millié P, Momicchioli F, Vanossi D. Exciton Effects in the Dimer and Higher Aggregates of a Simple Merocyanine Dye. A CS INDO CI Based Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001383q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Millié
- Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique de Saclay, DRECAM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy
| | - F. Momicchioli
- Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique de Saclay, DRECAM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy
| | - D. Vanossi
- Commisariat à l'Energie Atomique de Saclay, DRECAM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, I-41100 Modena, Italy
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Baraldi I, Ghelli S, Krasnaya ZA, Momicchioli F, Tatikolov AS, Vanossi D, Ponterini G. The stable and photochemical isomers of some merocyanines: a 1H NMR and theoretical CS INDO study of the structures and electronic spectra. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(96)04539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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