1
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Gupta R, Gupta P, Gupta K, Chandra D, Singh MK, Arora N, Rahman K. Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: An unusual case with peripheral blood atypical T-cell lymphocytosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2023; 45:586-588. [PMID: 36710455 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Chandra
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M K Singh
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Arora
- Unipath Specialty Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India
| | - K Rahman
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Lalrinkima H, Jacob SS, Raina OK, Chandra D, Lalawmpuii K, Lalchhandama C, Behera P, Tolenkhomba TC. Superoxide dismutase inhibits cytotoxic killing of Fasciola gigantica newly excysted juveniles expressed by sheep invitro. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108369. [PMID: 36058254 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola gigantica faces a series of threats from various free radicals produced by the host immune system during its invasion through the abdominal cavity and establishment in the bile duct of ruminants, limiting the fluke viability. The role of the superoxide radical produced by Muzaffarnagari sheep immune effector cells against F. gigantica newly excysted juveniles (NEJs) is highlighted in this study, as is the critical role of superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) in dismutation of superoxide radicals derived from host immune effector cells in vitro. Three concentrations of the ovine immune effector cells viz. 2.5, 5, and 10 × 106 cells were tested for their ability to induced cytotoxic killing of the parasite. All the three cell concentrations caused significant (p < 0.01) cytotoxic killing of NEJs in comparison to the control groups. Also, reduction of the immune effector cell concentration directly correlates with the NEJs killing. Attachment of immune effector cells to the parasite tegument in the presence of anti-F. gigantica antibodies was found to be critical in inducing NEJs killing via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, the addition of SOD greatly inhibits cytotoxic killing of NEJs, demonstrating the importance of SOD enzyme in fluke survival and parasite evasion of the host immunity. Thus, F. gigantica SOD warrants a promising candidate for immunoprophylactic studies in ruminants against the tropical liver fluke.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lalrinkima
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India; ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - S S Jacob
- ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India; ICAR-NIVEDI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - O K Raina
- ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Chandra
- ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Lalawmpuii
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - C Lalchhandama
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - P Behera
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - T C Tolenkhomba
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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Abstract
We report clinical findings of three patients presenting with thrombosis and thrombocytopaenia 10-16 days following the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. All patients presented to a major university teaching hospital in the UK over a 5-day period and were found to have high-titre antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4) without previous exposure to heparin. All three patients presented with extensive venous thrombosis, significant thrombocytopaenia, elevated D-dimer and borderline low fibrinogen. Two had fatal intracerebral haemorrhage secondary to cavernous venous sinus thrombosis and one had PE. Reference laboratory testing of serum demonstrated anti-PF4 antibodies in all three patients. The clinical and laboratory findings confirmed vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopaenia (VITT) which was poorly described at the time of presentation. We were able to manage successfully one patient with PE with intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehmida Bano
- Haematology, University Hospitals of North Staffordshire NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Buddikha Badugama
- Haematology, University Hospitals of North Staffordshire NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Haematology, University Hospitals of North Staffordshire NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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4
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Sehgal P, Narang S, Chandra D. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with giant retinal tear in a child with Marfan's syndrome: a rare ocular emergency. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/6/e241354. [PMID: 34083189 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old boy with Marfanoid habitus presented with sudden and painless decrease in the vision of the right eye. Ocular examination revealed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with 360° giant retinal tear in the right eye and small peripheral retinal breaks with lattice degeneration in the left eye. The patient underwent a 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with scleral buckling in the right eye and laser around the breaks in the left eye. At 1-week follow-up visit, the child presented with similar complaints in the left eye as were seen in the right eye. This was later managed effectively with 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy only. So, with our case report, we would like to highlight the need for aggressive screening in children who are diagnosed with Marfan's syndrome and the need for prophylactic treatment in the unaffected eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parrina Sehgal
- Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Subina Narang
- Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Ophthalmology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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5
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Buka RJ, Chandra D, Sutton DJ. Cancer is not a single disease: is it safe to extrapolate evidence from trials of direct oral anticoagulants in cancer-associated venous thromboembolism to patients with haematological malignancies? Br J Haematol 2021; 193:194-197. [PMID: 33618429 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Buka
- Clinical Haematology, University Hospitals North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David J Sutton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Widodo S, Kamal M, Zulferiyenni, Chandra D, Kusuma D. Flower bagging effects on the α-mangostin content during mangosteen fruit growth. Food Res 2021. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.5(s1).030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) is consumed mainly for two purposes, i.e., its
aril for fresh or minimally processed products and its rind for herb and other health-related
products. In fact, due to the high portion of rind compared to its whole fruit, its rind has a
more important economic value, especially for its α-mangostin content. This study
reported the effects of flower baggings on the α-mangostin content during mangosteen
fruit growth. This field research was conducted in a farmer’s field at Gisting village,
Tanggamus District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The study was arranged in a 2 × 3
factorial design. The first factor was bagging date [2 and 4 weeks after anthesis (WAA)],
and the second one was bagging material (unbagged or control, banana ‘Cavendish’-
paper bag, and balloon). Fruit samplings were conducted in every two weeks during the
periods of 8-16 WAA. The α-mangostin content was analyzed with HPLC [DionexUltiMate® 3000, autosampler, column compartment, Ultimate 3000 pump, UV detector,
column Enduro C-18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with C18 guard]. The results showed that
the α-mangostin content increased in a sigmoid pattern during fruit growth, and the
increase was mostly not affected by bagging, bagging materials, and application periods.
The α-mangostin content increased tremendously during 10-14 WAA, regardless of
bagging, bagging materials and application periods. Bagging had resulted in the decrease
of α-mangostin content during the latest period of fruit growth, regardless of bagging
materials and application periods
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7
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Wyatt TA, Nemecek M, Chandra D, DeVasure JM, Nelson AJ, Romberger DJ, Poole JA. Organic dust-induced lung injury and repair: Bi-directional regulation by TNFα and IL-10. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 17:153-162. [PMID: 32634062 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2020.1776428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to organic dust increases chronic airway inflammatory disorders. Effective treatment strategies are lacking. It has been reported that hog barn dust extracts (HDE) induce TNFα through protein kinase C (PKC) activation and that lung inflammation is enhanced in scavenger receptor A (SRA/CD204) knockout (KO) mice following HDE. Because interleukin (IL)-10 production can limit excessive inflammation, it was hypothesized here that HDE-induced IL-10 would require CD204 to effect inflammatory responses. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), SRA KO, and IL-10 KO mice were intranasally challenged daily for 8 days with HDE and subsequently rested for 3 days with/without recombinant IL-10 (rIL-10) treatment. Primary peritoneal macrophages (PM) and murine alveolar macrophages (MH-S cells) were treated in vitro with HDE, SRA ligand (fucoidan), rIL-10, and/or PKC isoform inhibitors. HDE induced in vivo lung IL-10 in WT, but not SRA KO mice, and similar trends were demonstrated in isolated PM from same treated mice. Lung lymphocyte aggregates and neutrophils were elevated in in vivo HDE-treated SRA and IL-10 KO mice after a 3-d recovery, and treatment during recovery with rIL-10 abrogated these responses. In vitro rIL-10 treatment reduced HDE-stimulated TNFα release in MH-S and WT PM. In SRA KO macrophages, there was reduced IL-10 and PKC zeta (ζ) activity and increased TNFα following in vitro HDE stimulation. Similarly, blocking SRA (24 hr fucoidan pre-treatment) resulted in enhanced HDE-stimulated macrophage TNFα and decreased IL-10 and PKCζ activation. PKCζ inhibitors blocked HDE-stimulated IL-10, but not TNFα. Collectively, HDE stimulates IL-10 by an SRA- and PKCζ-dependent mechanism to regulate TNFα. Enhancing resolution of dust-mediated lung inflammation through targeting IL-10 and/or SRA may represent new approaches to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Wyatt
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - M Nemecek
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - D Chandra
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J M DeVasure
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A J Nelson
- Allergy and Immunology Divisions, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - D J Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - J A Poole
- Allergy and Immunology Divisions, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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8
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Takashima S, Martin ML, Jansen SA, Fu Y, Bos J, Chandra D, O'Connor MH, Mertelsmann AM, Vinci P, Kuttiyara J, Devlin SM, Middendorp S, Calafiore M, Egorova A, Kleppe M, Lo Y, Shroyer NF, Cheng EH, Levine RL, Liu C, Kolesnick R, Lindemans CA, Hanash AM. T cell-derived interferon-γ programs stem cell death in immune-mediated intestinal damage. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/42/eaay8556. [PMID: 31811055 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) for epithelial maintenance, there is limited understanding of how immune-mediated damage affects ISCs and their niche. We found that stem cell compartment injury is a shared feature of both alloreactive and autoreactive intestinal immunopathology, reducing ISCs and impairing their recovery in T cell-mediated injury models. Although imaging revealed few T cells near the stem cell compartment in healthy mice, donor T cells infiltrating the intestinal mucosa after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) primarily localized to the crypt region lamina propria. Further modeling with ex vivo epithelial cultures indicated ISC depletion and impaired human as well as murine organoid survival upon coculture with activated T cells, and screening of effector pathways identified interferon-γ (IFNγ) as a principal mediator of ISC compartment damage. IFNγ induced JAK1- and STAT1-dependent toxicity, initiating a proapoptotic gene expression program and stem cell death. BMT with IFNγ-deficient donor T cells, with recipients lacking the IFNγ receptor (IFNγR) specifically in the intestinal epithelium, and with pharmacologic inhibition of JAK signaling all resulted in protection of the stem cell compartment. In addition, epithelial cultures with Paneth cell-deficient organoids, IFNγR-deficient Paneth cells, IFNγR-deficient ISCs, and purified stem cell colonies all indicated direct targeting of the ISCs that was not dependent on injury to the Paneth cell niche. Dysregulated T cell activation and IFNγ production are thus potent mediators of ISC injury, and blockade of JAK/STAT signaling within target tissue stem cells can prevent this T cell-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takashima
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M L Martin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S A Jansen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Y Fu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Bos
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M H O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A M Mertelsmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - P Vinci
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Kuttiyara
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S M Devlin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - S Middendorp
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Calafiore
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A Egorova
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Kleppe
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Y Lo
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - N F Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - E H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - R L Levine
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - R Kolesnick
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - C A Lindemans
- Division of Pediatrics, Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - A M Hanash
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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9
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Chandra D, Dabhi K, Lester W. Are we assessing venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk appropriately for hospitalised medical patients? The National VTE Risk Assessment Tool versus Padua Prediction Score. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:e16-e18. [PMID: 31978942 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chandra
- Haematology, University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Keval Dabhi
- Health Informatics, University Hospital Birminmgham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Will Lester
- Haematology, University Hospital Birminmgham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Nehra AK, Gowane GR, Kuriyal A, Chaurasiya A, Kumar R, Bhinsara DB, Parthasarathi BC, Bhawana K, Khare RK, Prasad A, Chandra D, Sankar M. Immune response against subclinical haemonchosis in Himalayan hill goats. Vet Parasitol 2019; 267:47-53. [PMID: 30878085 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Haemonchosis commonly occurs as chronic and subclinical infection in small ruminants, and understanding of immunological response against subclinical haemonchosis is of paramount importance for designing and implementing effective control strategies. The present study was designed to evaluate immunological response during subclinical haemonchosis, experimentally established in goats. Sixteen 5-6 month-old helminth naive kids were randomly allocated into one of two groups, infected and uninfected; the infected group being infected per os with 250 Haemonchus contortus larvae per kg body weight. Faecal, blood and serum samples were collected every third day up to 30 days post-infection (DPI), thereafter weekly up to 58 DPI to record changes in faecal egg count (FEC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), peripheral eosinophil percentage and immunological parameters, such as macrophage cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12), Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, 13, 25, 33) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgE). Pre-patent period of H. contortus in the present study was 18 days and eggs per gram (EPG) peaked on 30 DPI. The total reduction in body weight gain in the infected group was 26 g per day when compared with uninfected animals. Hb (7.35 ± 0.34 g/dL in infected animals compared with 9.76 ± 0.67 in control animals) and PCV levels (22 ± 1.54 g/dL in infected animals compared with 29.2 ± 1.27 in control animals) decreased significantly up to 44 DPI in infected group (P = 0.000). IL-4, IL-13, IL-33, IgG and IgE showed significant increase in infected animals at different periods. IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-25 did not show any significant changes barring a steep rise of IFN-γ on 27 DPI. A positive correlation was observed between IgE and IL-4 in subclinical haemonchosis. Of particular note was that all the major cytokines, such as IFN-γ (P = 0.000), IL-4 (P = 0.000), IL-13 (P = 0.009), and both IgG (P = 0.000) and IgE (P = 0.003), were observed at the lowest concentration on 24 DPI. The effect of infection was found to be significant on cytokines with a strong interaction with time. Taken together, the data suggest that Th2 immune response is predominating in subclinical haemonchosis. The economic loss in term of body weight gain due to subclinical haemonchosis was considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Nehra
- Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, India
| | - G R Gowane
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, India
| | - A Kuriyal
- Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, India
| | - A Chaurasiya
- Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, India
| | - R Kumar
- Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, India
| | - D B Bhinsara
- Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, India
| | - B C Parthasarathi
- Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, India
| | - K Bhawana
- Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, India
| | - R K Khare
- Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, India
| | - A Prasad
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Campus, India
| | - D Chandra
- Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar Campus, India
| | - M Sankar
- Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, India.
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11
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Srivastava A, Chandra D. Alkaloids and Leishmania donovani UDP-Galactopyarnosemutase: A Novel Approach in Drug Designing Against Visceral Leishmaniasis. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2018; 18:145-155. [PMID: 28595543 DOI: 10.2174/1871526517666170606104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unsatisfactory treatment options for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), need identification of new drug targets. Among natural products, Alkaloids have been proved to be highly effective against number of diseases. In Leishmania, UDP-galactopyranosemutase (UGM) is a critical enzyme required for cell wall synthesis and thus a drug target for structure based drug designing against L. donovani. OBJECTIVE The aim was to build the homology model of UDP galactopyransemutase and investigate the interaction of selected alkaloids with this modeled UDP galactopyranosemutase by molecular docking. METHODOLOGY Since no crystal structure record has been found with this protein, a homology modeling was performed and a three dimensional structure of L. donovani UGM was created using MODELLER v9.9, structure quality was validated using PROCHECK and QMEAN programs which confirms that the structure is reliable. Further Molecular docking was performed with previously reported15 alkaloids. RESULTS It was found that Protopine with a binding energy of -12.39Kcal/mole, binds at Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) biding site. CONCLUSION It was concluded that Protopine, an alkaloid could interrupt the functional aspect of L. donovani UGM and thus may be useful for drug designing studies. These finding would contribute to the understanding of the effect of drug on the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
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12
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Mohmad A, Chandra D, Saravanan B, H.V M, O.R VK, Fular A, Chigure G, Kaur N, Ghosh S. Development of a recombinant TaSP-based Dot-ELISA for detection of Theileria annulata infection in cattle. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1416-1420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Chandra D, Poole JA, Bailey KL, Staab E, Sweeter JM, DeVasure JM, Romberger DJ, Wyatt TA. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) overexpression enhances wound repair in airway epithelial cells exposed to agricultural organic dust. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:133-139. [PMID: 29793367 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1474976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Workers exposed to dusts from concentrated animal feeding operations have a high prevalence of pulmonary diseases. These exposures lead to chronic inflammation and aberrant airway remodeling. Previous work shows that activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) enhances airway epithelial wound repair while activating protein kinase C (PKC) inhibits wound repair. Hog barn dust extracts slow cell migration and wound repair via a PKC-dependent mechanism. Further, blocking nitric oxide (NO) production in bronchial epithelial cells prevents PKA activation. We hypothesized that blocking an endogenous NO inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine, by overexpressing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase mitigates the effects of hog dust extract on airway epithelial would repair. MATERIALS/METHODS We cultured primary tracheal epithelial cells in monolayers from both wild-type (WT) and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase overexpressing C57Bl/6 (DDAH1 transgenic) mice and measured wound repair using the electric cell impedance sensing system. RESULTS Wound closure in epithelial cells from WT mice occurred within 24 h in vitro. In contrast, treatment of the WT cell monolayers with 5% hog dust extract prevented significant NO-stimulated wound closure. In cells from DDAH1 transgenic mice, control wounds were repaired up to 8 h earlier than seen in WT mice. A significant enhancement of wound repair was observed in DDAH cells compared to WT cells treated with hog dust extract for 24 h. Likewise, cells from DDAH1 transgenic mice demonstrated increased NO and PKA activity and decreased hog dust extract-stimulated PKC. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Preserving the NO signal through endogenous inhibition of asymmetric dimethylarginine enhances wound repair even in the presence of dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chandra
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Jill A Poole
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas.,b Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Elizabeth Staab
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Jane M DeVasure
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Debra J Romberger
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas.,b Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas.,b Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha , NE Douglas.,c Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
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Agarwal AV, Singh D, Dhar YV, Michael R, Gupta P, Chandra D, Trivedi PK. Virus-Induced Silencing of Key Genes Leads to Differential Impact on Withanolide Biosynthesis in the Medicinal Plant, Withania somnifera. Plant Cell Physiol 2018; 59:262-274. [PMID: 29165715 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides are a collection of naturally occurring, pharmacologically active, secondary metabolites synthesized in the medicinally important plant, Withania somnifera. These bioactive molecules are C28-steroidal lactone triterpenoids and their synthesis is proposed to take place via the mevalonate (MVA) and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathways through the sterol pathway using 24-methylene cholesterol as substrate flux. Although the phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities of Withania extracts have been well studied, limited genomic information and difficult genetic transformation have been a major bottleneck towards understanding the participation of specific genes in withanolide biosynthesis. In this study, we used the Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach to study the participation of key genes from MVA, MEP and triterpenoid biosynthesis for their involvement in withanolide biosynthesis. TRV-infected W. somnifera plants displayed unique phenotypic characteristics and differential accumulation of total Chl as well as carotenoid content for each silenced gene suggesting a reduction in overall isoprenoid synthesis. Comprehensive expression analysis of putative genes of withanolide biosynthesis revealed transcriptional modulations conferring the presence of complex regulatory mechanisms leading to withanolide biosynthesis. In addition, silencing of genes exhibited modulated total and specific withanolide accumulation at different levels as compared with control plants. Comparative analysis also suggests a major role for the MVA pathway as compared with the MEP pathway in providing substrate flux for withanolide biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of selected Withania genes of the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway critically affects withanolide biosynthesis, providing new horizons to explore this process further, in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Vikram Agarwal
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Yogeshwar Vikram Dhar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Rahul Michael
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Parul Gupta
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
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Sheikh IH, Kaushal DC, Chandra D, Kaushal NA. Immunogenicity of a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding 42kDa fragment of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1. Acta Trop 2016; 162:66-74. [PMID: 27311385 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the second major human malaria parasite that inflicts debilitating morbidity and consequent economic impact in South-East Asian countries. The relapsing nature of P. vivax along with the emergence of drug-resistant P. vivax strains has emphasized the urgent need for a vaccine. However, the development of an effective vivax vaccine is seriously hampered due to the diversity and variation in parasite antigens and non-availability of suitable animal models. DNA based vaccines represent an alternative approach in inducing immunity to multiple targets from different stages of malaria parasite. DNA prime-boosting strategies induce both antibody mediated and cell-mediated immune responses that are the major mechanisms of protection against malaria parasites. We have earlier studied the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the soluble and refolded forms of recombinant 42kDa fragment of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein-1 (PvMSP-142) using P. cynomolgi rhesus monkey model. In the present study, we have constructed a recombinant DNA vaccine encoding 42kDa fragment of P. vivax MSP-1 and studied the immunogenicity of PvMSP-142 DNA vaccine construct in mice. The 42kDa gene fragment of PvMSP-1 was PCR amplified using gene specific primers and subcloned into pcDNA 3.1 (+) eukaryotic expression vector. In vitro expression of PvMSP-142 plasmid construct was checked by transfection in COS-1 cell line. Indirect immunofluorescence of transfected COS-1 cells probed with monoclonal antibodies against PvMSP-142 exhibited positive fluorescence. Immunization of BALB/c mice with PvMSP-142-pcDNA vaccine construct revealed the immunogenicity of recombinant vaccine plasmid that can be enhanced by prime boosting with recombinant protein corresponding to the DNA vaccine as evidenced by significant elevation of antibody and the cytokines responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Hussain Sheikh
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Deep C Kaushal
- Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow 226028, India.
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Nuzhat A Kaushal
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Nag JK, Chahar D, Shrivastava N, Gupta CL, Bajpai P, Chandra D, Misra-Bhattacharya S. Functional attributes of evolutionary conserved Arg45 of Wolbachia (Brugia malayi) translation initiation factor-1. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:195-214. [PMID: 26855259 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Wolbachia is a promising antifilarial chemotherapeutic target. Translation initiation factor-1 (Tl IF-1) is an essential factor in prokaryotes. Functional characterization of Wolbachia's novel proteins/enzymes is necessary for the development of adulticidal drugs. MATERIALS & METHODS Mutant, Wol Tl IF-1 R45D was constructed by site directed mutagenesis. Fluorimetry and size exclusion chromatography were used to determine the biophysical characteristics. Mobility shift assay and fluorescence resonance energy transfer were used to investigate the functional aspect of Wol Tl IF-1 with its mutant. RESULTS Both wild and mutant were in monomeric native conformations. Wild exhibits nonspecific binding with ssRNA/ssDNA fragments under electrostatic conditions and showed annealing and displacement of RNA strands in comparison to mutant. CONCLUSION Point mutation impaired RNA chaperone activity of the mutant and its interaction with nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeetendra Kumar Nag
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow (UP) 226031, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP) 226007, India
| | - Dhanvantri Chahar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow (UP) 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Coordination Office, Mathura Road, CRRI, Jasola, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Nidhi Shrivastava
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow (UP) 226031, India
| | - Chhedi Lal Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow (UP) 226026, India
| | - Preeti Bajpai
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow (UP) 226026, India
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow (UP) 226007, India
| | - Shailja Misra-Bhattacharya
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow (UP) 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Coordination Office, Mathura Road, CRRI, Jasola, New Delhi 110020, India
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Chandra D, Kohli G, Punetha VD, Prasad K, Bisht G, Khetwal K, Pandey H. Phytochemical and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Family Gentianaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/crc.2016.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chandra D, Pothineni NVK, Meena N. "The Scalpel or the Needle for Superior Vena Cava syndrome"? J Ark Med Soc 2015; 112:34-35. [PMID: 26376553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute Superior Vena Cava (SVC) syndrome from thrombosis is an increasingly recognized complication of intravascular devices. We present a 31 year old woman with an infusion port placed for chemotherapy who developed acute SVC obstruction. A computerized tomograpy (CT) of chest revealed an occlusive thrombus within the SVC extending into the right atrium. Catheter-guided thrombolysis and surgical thrombectomywere felt to impose prohibitive risks. Worsening symptoms led to the use of systemic thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) leading to dramatic improvement in symptoms. A repeat CT revealed a reduction of the right atrial thrombus and SVC occlusion had resolved.
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Chandra D, Kohli G, Prasad K, Bisht G, Punetha VD, Khetwal K, Devrani MK, Pandey H. Phytochemical and Ethnomedicinal Uses of Family Violaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/crc.2015.44.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Joshi M, Chandra D, Mittadodla P, Bartter T. The impact of vaccination on influenza-related respiratory failure and mortality in hospitalized elderly patients over the 2013-2014 season. Open Respir Med J 2015; 9:9-14. [PMID: 25763116 PMCID: PMC4348731 DOI: 10.2174/1874306401509010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal Influenza ("the flu") is a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. Yearly influenza vaccination is considered to be protective against illness and/or severity of illness and is recommended by CDC for all individuals > 6 months of age. However, the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in older individuals has come under question. OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients admitted to an academic tertiary care Veterans Administration hospital with influenza during the 2013-2014 influenza season and determine the impact, if any, of prior influenza vaccination upon patient outcomes. METHODS Medical electronic records were searched for all patients admitted to the Little Rock Veterans Administration Hospital with proven influenza during the 2013-2014 influenza season. Cohorts of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients were then compared to determine the impact of prior influenza vaccination upon respiratory-failure and mortality. RESULTS Seventy patients met selection criteria. Mean age was 66 years. Sixty-four (91%) patients had at least one underlying co-morbid condition; these conditions included COPD, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and cancer. 60/70 (85%) tested positive for Influenza A, and 43 tested positive for H1N1. Oseltamivir was initiated in 55 (78%) patients. Forty-four percent of the patients had been vaccinated. When separated by vaccination status, those who had been vaccinated had higher rates of ICU admission, need for mechanical or non-invasive ventilation, and mortality. All but mortality reached statistical significance. CONCLUSION The data suggest that there was no protective effect from prior vaccination in preventing hospital admission, respiratory failure, and mortality in this population of older men admitted to the hospital with influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Joshi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Penchala Mittadodla
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Thaddeus Bartter
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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21
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Singh M, Quispe-Tintaya W, Chandra D, Jahangir A, Venkataswamy MM, Ng TW, Sharma-Kharkwal S, Carreño LJ, Porcelli SA, Gravekamp C. Direct incorporation of the NKT-cell activator α-galactosylceramide into a recombinant Listeria monocytogenes improves breast cancer vaccine efficacy. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1945-54. [PMID: 25314062 PMCID: PMC4229631 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment remains a major limitation to successful immunotherapy of cancer. In the current study, we analysed whether the natural killer T cell-activating glycolipid α-galactosylceramide could overcome immune suppression and improve vaccination against metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Mice with metastatic breast cancer (4T1 model) were therapeutically treated with a Listeria monocytogenes-based vaccine expressing tumour-associated antigen Mage-b followed by α-galactosylceramide as separate agents, or as a complex of α-galactosylceramide stably incorporated into Listeria-Mage-b. Effects on metastases, tumour weight, toxicity and immune responses were determined. Results: Sequential treatments of mice with established 4T1 breast carcinomas using Listeria-Mage-b followed by α-galactosylceramide as a separate agent was highly effective at reducing metastases, but was accompanied by severe liver toxicity. In contrast, combined therapy using Listeria-Mage-b modified by incorporation of α-galactosylceramide resulted in nearly complete elimination of metastases without toxicity. This was associated with a significant increase in the percentage of natural killer T cells in the spleen, and an increase in natural killer cell activity and in T cell responses to Mage-b. Conclusions: Our results suggest that direct incorporation of α-galactosylceramide into a live bacterial vaccine vector is a promising non-toxic new approach for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - W Quispe-Tintaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - D Chandra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - A Jahangir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - M M Venkataswamy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - T W Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - S Sharma-Kharkwal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - L J Carreño
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA [2] Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Avenue Independencia #1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - S A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - C Gravekamp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Yadav N, Pliss A, Kuzmin A, Rapali P, Sun L, Prasad P, Chandra D. Transformations of the macromolecular landscape at mitochondria during DNA-damage-induced apoptotic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1453. [PMID: 25299778 PMCID: PMC4649512 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a dynamic process regulated by mitochondrion critical for cellular respiration and survival. Execution of apoptosis is mediated by multiple protein signaling events at mitochondria. Initiation and progression of apoptosis require numerous apoptogenic factors that are either released from or sequestered in mitochondria, which may transform the biomolecular makeup of the organelle. In this communication, using Raman microspectroscopy, we demonstrate that transformation in biomolecular composition of mitochondrion may be used as apoptosis marker in an individual cell. For the first time, we show that significant changes occur in the concentrations of RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid constituents of mitochondria during apoptosis. The structural analysis of proteins on mitochondria demonstrated a decrease in α-helix secondary structure content, and an increase in the levels of random coils and β-sheets on mitochondria. This may represent an additional hallmark of apoptosis. Strikingly, we observed nearly identical changes in macromolecular content of mitochondria both in the presence and absence of a key proapoptotic protein, Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein). Increased DNA level in mitochondria corresponded with higher mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial ROS production. Upregulation of polymerase-γ (POLG), mitochondrial helicase Twinkle, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) in response to DNA damage correlated with increased mtDNA and RNA synthesis. Elevated activity of oxidative phosphorylation complexes supports functional mitochondrial respiration during apoptosis. Thus, we define previously unknown dynamic correlation of macromolecular structure of mitochondria and apoptosis progression in the presence and absence of Bax protein. These findings open up a new approach for monitoring physiological status of cells by non invasive single-cell method.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P Rapali
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - L Sun
- 1] Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA [2] Gastrointestinal Division, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - P Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - D Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Mittadodla P, Meredith K, Chandra D, Jagana R, Samant R, Joshi M. Chasing the Dragon: Are You Kidding?! Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1994861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Rudrappa M, Chandra D, Colaco C, Colaco B, Siddiqui M, Mittadodla P. Primary Aortoesophageal Fistula: Great Masquerader of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding. Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1994120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Mittadodla P, Chandra D, Joshi M. Influenza Morbidity and Mortality in a Tertiary Care Academic Center. Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1994667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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26
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Mittadodla P, Chandra D, Rudrappa M, Colaco B, Colaco C, Reddy R. Line in the Lung! Whose Line Is It Anyway? Chest 2014. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.1994649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Sheikh IH, Kaushal DC, Singh V, Kumar N, Chandra D, Kaushal NA. Cloning, overexpression and characterization of soluble 42kDa fragment of merozoite surface protein-1 of Plasmodium vivax. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 103:64-74. [PMID: 25195175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax represents the second most prevalent malaria species of major public health importance and the global eradication of malaria requires the development of vaccines to prevent infection. The lack of in vitro culture and a suitable animal model for P. vivax malaria are the major problems for the delay in developing a functional vivax vaccine. A number of antigens have been identified for P. vivax as potential malaria vaccine candidates and among these 42kDa fragment of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-142) is one of most promising antigen of asexual blood stage. In most of the earlier studies, the MSP-142 of malaria parasites was expressed as insoluble protein in inclusion bodies and it is difficult to get purified protein in conformation form. In the present study, we have cloned, overexpressed and characterized the 42kDa fragment of P. vivax MSP-1 as soluble protein in Escherichiacoli. The 42kDa gene fragment of P. vivax MSP-1 was PCR amplified using specific primers, sequenced and subcloned into pTriEx-4 expression vector. The optimum expression of recombinant P. vivax protein was obtained in SOC growth medium by inducing with 0.2mM IPTG at 37°C for 4h. The SDS-PAGE analysis showed a fusion protein of 55kDa and about 80% was present in soluble form. The purified P. vivax MSP-142 was characterized and found to be correctly folded and in conformation form as evident by CD spectroscopy, presence of 1 free -SH group and the reactivity with reduction sensitive conformational monoclonals against P. vivax MSP-142.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Hussain Sheikh
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
| | - Deep C Kaushal
- Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow 226010, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India
| | - Nuzhat A Kaushal
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Katsura KA, Horst JA, Chandra D, Le TQ, Nakano Y, Zhang Y, Horst OV, Zhu L, Le MH, DenBesten PK. WDR72 models of structure and function: a stage-specific regulator of enamel mineralization. Matrix Biol 2014; 38:48-58. [PMID: 25008349 PMCID: PMC4185229 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a clinical diagnosis that encompasses a group of genetic mutations, each affecting processes involved in tooth enamel formation and thus, result in various enamel defects. The hypomaturation enamel phenotype has been described for mutations involved in the later stage of enamel formation, including Klk4, Mmp20, C4orf26, and Wdr72. Using a candidate gene approach we discovered a novel Wdr72 human mutation in association with AI to be a 5-base pair deletion (c.806_810delGGCAG; p.G255VfsX294). To gain insight into the function of WDR72, we used computer modeling of the full-length human WDR72 protein structure and found that the predicted N-terminal sequence forms two beta-propeller folds with an alpha-solenoid tail at the C-terminus. This domain iteration is characteristic of vesicle coat proteins, such as beta'-COP, suggesting a role for WDR72 in the formation of membrane deformation complexes to regulate intracellular trafficking. Our Wdr72 knockout mouse model (Wdr72(-/-)), containing a LacZ reporter knock-in, exhibited hypomineralized enamel similar to the AI phenotype observed in humans with Wdr72 mutations. MicroCT scans of Wdr72(-/-) mandibles affirmed the hypomineralized enamel phenotype occurring at the onset of the maturation stage. H&E staining revealed a shortened height phenotype in the Wdr72(-/-) ameloblasts with retained proteins in the enamel matrix during maturation stage. H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5 (CLC5), an early endosome acidifier, was co-localized with WDR72 in maturation-stage ameloblasts and decreased in Wdr72(-/-) maturation-stage ameloblasts. There were no obvious differences in RAB4A and LAMP1 immunostaining of Wdr72(-/-) mice as compared to wildtype controls. Moreover, Wdr72(-/-) ameloblasts had reduced amelogenin immunoreactivity, suggesting defects in amelogenin fragment resorption from the matrix. These data demonstrate that WDR72 has a major role in enamel mineralization, most notably during the maturation stage, and suggest a function involving endocytic vesicle trafficking, possibly in the removal of amelogenin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Katsura
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - J A Horst
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - D Chandra
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - T Q Le
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - Y Nakano
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - O V Horst
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - M H Le
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
| | - P K DenBesten
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA
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Genes N, Chandra D, Ellis S, Baumlin K. Validating emergency department vital signs using a data quality engine for data warehouse. Open Med Inform J 2013; 7:34-9. [PMID: 24403981 PMCID: PMC3881102 DOI: 10.2174/1874431101307010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background : Vital signs in our emergency department information system were entered into free-text fields for heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, temperature and oxygen saturation. Objective : We sought to convert these text entries into a more useful form, for research and QA purposes, upon entry into a data warehouse. Methods : We derived a series of rules and assigned quality scores to the transformed values, conforming to physiologic parameters for vital signs across the age range and spectrum of illness seen in the emergency department. Results : Validating these entries revealed that 98% of free-text data had perfect quality scores, conforming to established vital sign parameters. Average vital signs varied as expected by age. Degradations in quality scores were most commonly attributed logging temperature in Fahrenheit instead of Celsius; vital signs with this error could still be transformed for use. Errors occurred more frequently during periods of high triage, though error rates did not correlate with triage volume. Conclusions : In developing a method for importing free-text vital sign data from our emergency department information system, we now have a data warehouse with a broad array of quality-checked vital signs, permitting analysis and correlation with demographics and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Genes
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Chandra
- Information Technology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Ellis
- Research Information Technology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Baumlin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Srivastava S, Chandra D. Pharmacological potentials of Syzygium cumini: a review. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:2084-2093. [PMID: 23460190 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine, and these drugs are gaining popularity in both developing and developed countries because of their natural origin and lesser side effects. Syzygium cumini (syn. Eugenia jambolana, Syzygium jambolana, Eugenia cumini, Syzygium jambos), commonly known as jamun in India, is an evergreen tree distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and East Africa. It is mainly utilised as a fruit producer and for its timber. Medicinally, the fruit is reported to have antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic, antioxidant, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, antiallergic, antiarthritic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifertility, antipyretic, antiplaque, radioprotective, neuropsychopharmacological, nephroprotective and antidiarrhoeal activities. Among these beneficial physiological effects, the antidiabetic property of S. cumini has the most promising nutraceutical value. The health-beneficial effects of S. cumini are mainly attributed to various phytoconstituents such as tannins, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenols, minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins present in the fruit. This review paper presents an overview of experimental evidence for the pharmacological potential of S. cumini.
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Blednov YA, Benavidez JM, Black M, Chandra D, Homanics GE, Rudolph U, Harris RA. Linking GABA(A) receptor subunits to alcohol-induced conditioned taste aversion and recovery from acute alcohol intoxication. Neuropharmacology 2012; 67:46-56. [PMID: 23147414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
GABA type A receptors (GABA(A)-R) are important for ethanol actions and it is of interest to link individual subunits with specific ethanol behaviors. We studied null mutant mice for six different GABA(A)-R subunits (α1, α2, α3, α4, α5 and δ). Only mice lacking the α2 subunit showed reduction of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to ethanol. These results are in agreement with data from knock-in mice with mutation of the ethanol-sensitive site in the α2-subunit (Blednov et al., 2011). All together, they indicate that aversive property of ethanol is dependent on ethanol action on α2-containing GABA(A)-R. Deletion of the α2-subunit led to faster recovery whereas absence of the α3-subunit slowed recovery from ethanol-induced incoordination (rotarod). Deletion of the other four subunits did not affect this behavior. Similar changes in this behavior for the α2 and α3 null mutants were found for flurazepam motor incoordination. However, no differences in recovery were found in motor-incoordinating effects of an α1-selective modulator (zolpidem) or an α4-selective agonist (gaboxadol). Therefore, recovery of rotarod incoordination is under control of two GABA(A)-R subunits: α2 and α3. For motor activity, α3 null mice demonstrated higher activation by ethanol (1 g/kg) whereas both α2 (-/-) and α3 (-/Y) knockout mice were less sensitive to ethanol-induced reduction of motor activity (1.5 g/kg). These studies demonstrate that the effects of ethanol at GABAergic synapses containing α2 subunit are important for specific behavioral effects of ethanol which may be relevant to the genetic linkage of the α2 subunit with human alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Blednov
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Sharma SK, Moe TS, Srivastava R, Chandra D, Srivastava BS. Authors' response: on sialic acid transport and utilization by Vibrio cholerae. Microbiology (Reading) 2011. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.055053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Sharma
- Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - T. S. Moe
- Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - R. Srivastava
- Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - D. Chandra
- Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
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Sharma SK, Moe TS, Srivastava R, Chandra D, Srivastava BS. Functional characterization of VC1929 of Vibrio cholerae El Tor: role in mannose-sensitive haemagglutination, virulence and utilization of sialic acid. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:3180-3186. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.050245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonadhesive mutant CD11 of Vibrio cholerae El Tor, defective in expression of mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin, lacks a protein when compared with its parent strain. Determination of the amino acid sequence revealed the identity of the protein as the product of VC1929, which is annotated to encode a protein, DctP, involved in the transport of C4-dicarboxylates. We cloned the dctP gene in pUC19 vector and expressed it in mutant CD11. Expression of DctP in the resulting complemented strain restored virulence, adhesive and colonizing capabilities, mannose-sensitive haemagglutination (MSHA) and ability to grow in medium containing sialic acid as a sole carbon source. The mutation in CD11 was caused by insertion of an adenine nucleotide in the reading frame of dctP. Recombinant purified DctP protein showed MSHA of human red blood cells, and protected rabbits against infection by V. cholerae. The protein was localized in membrane and cell wall fractions. The mutant, recombinant CD11 expressing DctP and parent strains were grown in M9 minimal medium in the presence of various carbohydrates (glucose, malate, fumarate, succinate or N-acetylneuraminic acid). The mutant was unable to grow in minimal medium containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) as the sole carbon source whereas the recombinant and parent strains utilized all the sugars tested. It is concluded that DctP is a mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin and a virulence factor and is involved in the utilization of sialic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K. Sharma
- Microbiology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - The Su Moe
- Microbiology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ranjana Srivastava
- Microbiology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Brahm S. Srivastava
- Microbiology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
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Kulkarni HS, Chandra D, Sciurba FC. Increase in walk distance is not enough evidence to add a walk to the 6-minute walk test. Eur Respir J 2011; 38:1239-40; author's reply 1240-1. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Boet S, Borges B, Naik V, Siu L, Riem N, Chandra D, Bould M, Joo H. Complex procedural skills are retained for a minimum of 1 yr after a single high-fidelity simulation training session †. Br J Anaesth 2011; 107:533-9. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Puhan MA, Chandra D, Wise RA, Sciurba F. From the authors:. Eur Respir J 2011. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00179610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Singh V, Chandra D, Srivastava BS, Srivastava R. Biochemical and transcription analysis of acetohydroxyacid synthase isoforms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis identifies these enzymes as potential targets for drug development. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:29-37. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.041343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is a biosynthetic enzyme essential for de novo synthesis of branched-chain amino acids. The genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed genes encoding four catalytic subunits, ilvB1 (Rv3003c), ilvB2 (Rv3470c), ilvG (Rv1820) and ilvX (Rv3509c), and one regulatory subunit, ilvN (Rv3002c), of AHAS. All these genes were found to be expressed in M. tuberculosis growing in vitro. Each AHAS subunit gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. AHAS activity of IlvB1 and IlvG was found in cell-free lysates and with recombinant purified proteins. Kinetic studies with purified IlvG revealed positive cooperativity towards substrate and cofactors. To understand the role of the catalytic subunits in the biology of M. tuberculosis, expression of AHAS genes was analysed in different physiological conditions. ilvB1, ilvB2 and ilvG were differentially expressed. The role of ilvB1 in persistence is known, but the upregulation of ilvB2 and ilvG in extended stationary phase, ex vivo, and in acid stress and hypoxic environments, suggests the relevance of AHAS enzymes in the metabolism and survival of M. tuberculosis by functioning as catabolic AHAS. These enzymes are therefore potential targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Singh
- Microbiology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Deepak Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Brahm S. Srivastava
- Microbiology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ranjana Srivastava
- Microbiology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
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Balaji A, Bodasing N, Chandra D, Cadwgan A. Cryptic case: Not the usual neutropenic sepsis. J Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Hildenbrand
- SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States, and Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - K. H. Lau
- SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States, and Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - D. Chandra
- SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States, and Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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Kumar A, Singh AK, Gautam AK, Chandra D, Singh D, Changkija B, Singh MP, Trivedi R. Identification of kaempferol-regulated proteins in rat calvarial osteoblasts during mineralization by proteomics. Proteomics 2010; 10:1730-9. [PMID: 20162559 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid, promotes osteoblast mineralization in vitro and bone formation in vivo; however, its mechanism of action is yet unknown. We adopted proteomic approach to identify the differential effect of kaempferol on rat primary calvarial osteoblasts during mineralization. The primary rat calvarial osteoblasts were treated with kaempferol (5.0 microM) for 9 days under mineralizing condition that resulted in significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of the cells. Further, 2-D analysis of the kaempferol-treated osteoblast lysates revealed 18 differentially expressed proteins (nine upregulated and nine downregulated) on the basis of >/<2.0-fold as cut-off (p<0.01) that were then identified by MALDI-TOF MS. These included cytoskeletal proteins, intracellular signaling protein, chaperone, extracellular matrix protein, and proteins involved in glycolysis and cell-matrix interactions. Proteomics data were confirmed by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR by randomly selecting two upregulated and two downregulated proteins. Western blot analysis confirmed upregulation of HSP-70 and cytokeratin-14 levels, and downregulation of aldose reductase and caldesmon expression. We further demonstrated that kaempferol treatment inhibits aldose reductase activity in osteoblasts indicating an altered cellular metabolism by decelerating polyol pathway that was associated with the kaempferol-induced osteoblast mineralization. In conclusion, this is a first comprehensive study on the differential regulation of proteins by kaempferol in primary osteoblast, which would further help to elucidate the role of the identified proteins in the process of osteoblast mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow, India
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Puhan MA, Chandra D, Mosenifar Z, Ries A, Make B, Hansel NN, Wise RA, Sciurba F. The minimal important difference of exercise tests in severe COPD. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:784-90. [PMID: 20693247 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00063810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine the minimal important difference (MID) for 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and maximal cycle exercise capacity (MCEC) in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 1,218 patients enrolled in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial completed exercise tests before and after 4-6 weeks of pre-trial rehabilitation, and 6 months after randomisation to surgery or medical care. The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (domain and total scores) and University of California San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (total score) served as anchors for anchor-based MID estimates. In order to calculate distribution-based estimates, we used the standard error of measurement, Cohen's effect size and the empirical rule effect size. Anchor-based estimates for the 6MWD were 18.9 m (95% CI 18.1-20.1 m), 24.2 m (95% CI 23.4-25.4 m), 24.6 m (95% CI 23.4-25.7 m) and 26.4 m (95% CI 25.4-27.4 m), which were similar to distribution-based MID estimates of 25.7, 26.8 and 30.6 m. For MCEC, anchor-based estimates for the MID were 2.2 W (95% CI 2.0-2.4 W), 3.2 W (95% CI 3.0-3.4 W), 3.2 W (95% CI 3.0-3.4 W) and 3.3 W (95% CI 3.0-3.5 W), while distribution-based estimates were 5.3 and 5.5 W. We suggest a MID of 26 ± 2 m for 6MWD and 4 ± 1 W for MCEC for patients with severe COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Puhan
- Dept of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Tripathi UN, Chandra D. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative effect of aqueous extract of Momordica charantia pulp and Trigonella foenum graecum seed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2010; 47:227-233. [PMID: 21174950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an oxidative stress disorder and oxidative damage to tissues such as heart, kidney, liver and other organs may be a contributory factor to several diabetic complications. Momordica charantia (family: Cucurbitaceae) and Trigonella foenum graecum (family: Fabaceae) are used traditionally in Indian folk medicine to manage diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative potential of aqueous extracts of M. charantia pulp and seed powder of T. foenum graecum were assessed in alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight) induced diabetic rats. Alloxan treatment to the rats could induce diabetes as the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were > 280 mg/dl. Treatment of diabetic rats for 30 days with M. charantia and T. foenum graecum could significantly (p < 0.001) improve the FBG levels to near normal glucose levels. Antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione content and glutathione-s-transferase) and lipid peroxidation levels were measured in heart, kidney and liver tissues of normal, diabetic and experimental animals (diabetics + treatment). TBARS levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher and anti-oxidative activities were found low in diabetic group, as compared to the control group. Significant (p < 0.001) improvement in both the TBARS levels and antioxidant activities were observed when M. charantia and T. foenum graecum were given to diabetic rats. Our results clearly demonstrate that M. charantia and T. foenum graecum are not only useful in controlling the blood glucose levels, but also have antioxidant potential to protect vital organs such as heart and kidney against damage caused due to diabetes induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Nath Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226007, India
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Abstract
The authors describe 10 cases of myelofibrosis diagnosed and managed at their center over 16 years. There were 2 and 8 cases, respectively, of primary and secondary myelofibrosis. All patients presented with fever, pallor, hepatosplenomegaly, and/or lymphadenopathy. Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 4), neuroblastoma (n = 1), thrombasthenic thrombopathy (n = 1), and retroperitoneal-mass (n = 1) were causal in 7 patients, whereas the diagnosis could not be established in a sole case of secondary myelofibrosis. Patients were managed with chemotherapy and appropriate care. However, outcome was poor. The authors emphasize variable clinical-laboratory spectrum of myelofibrosis, highlight management concerns, and demonstrate that prognosis/outcome depends upon appropriate management of the underlying condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Singh Arya
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Siu LWL, Mathieson E, Naik VN, Chandra D, Joo HS. Patient- and operator-related factors associated with successful Glidescope intubations: a prospective observational study in 742 patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2010; 38:70-5. [PMID: 20191780 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1003800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Glidescope Video Laryngoscope (Glidescope, Verathon Medical, Bothell, WA, U.S.A.) is a relatively new intubating device. It has been proposed to be useful for securing both routine airways and those where direct laryngoscopy may be difficult. In this prospective observational study, data for 742 intubations using the Glidescope were collected to investigate whether four factors are associated with successful tracheal intubation at first attempt using the Glidescope: previous Glidescope experience, previous direct laryngoscopy experience, level of anaesthesia training and clinical airway assessment. The likelihood of successful tracheal intubation at first attempt using the Glidescope increased with increasing previous Glidescope experience. Similarly, success was more likely in airways that were assessed as normal compared with those where direct laryngoscopies were either predicted or known to be difficult. Subgroup analysis indicated 83% first attempt success by 'experienced' Glidescope users in patients with documented difficult direct laryngoscopies. This supports its use as an adjunct device for management of airways where direct laryngoscopies prove difficult. With regard to the level of anaesthesia training, only medical students were more likely to fail with the Glidescope. Success was not associated with previous experience in direct laryngoscopy. The lack of association with direct laryngoscopy experience and level of anaesthesia training (beyond student level) suggests that expertise with traditional airway tools is not necessary to become proficient with the Glidescope.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W L Siu
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Moore MD, Cushman J, Chandra D, Homanics GE, Olsen RW, Fanselow MS. Trace and contextual fear conditioning is enhanced in mice lacking the alpha4 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2009; 93:383-7. [PMID: 20018248 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The GABA(A)R alpha4 subunit is highly expressed in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus at predominantly extra synaptic locations where, along with the GABA(A)R delta subunit, it forms GABA(A) receptors that mediate a tonic inhibitory current. The present study was designed to test hippocampus-dependent and hippocampus-independent learning and memory in GABA(A)R alpha4 subunit-deficient mice using trace and delay fear conditioning, respectively. Mice were of a mixed C57Bl/6J X 129S1/X1 genetic background from alpha4 heterozygous breeding pairs. The alpha4-knockout mice showed enhanced trace and contextual fear conditioning consistent with an enhancement of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. These enhancements were sex-dependent, similar to previous studies in GABA(A)R delta knockout mice, but differences were present in both males and females. The convergent findings between alpha4 and delta knockout mice suggests that tonic inhibition mediated by alpha4betadelta GABA(A) receptors negatively modulates learning and memory processes and provides further evidence that tonic inhibition makes important functional contributions to learning and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Hildenbrand
- SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - K. H. Lau
- SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - D. Chandra
- SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
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Tripathi UN, Chandra D. The plant extracts of Momordica charantia and Trigonella foenum-graecum have anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties for cardiac tissue during diabetes mellitus. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2009; 2:290-6. [PMID: 20716916 PMCID: PMC2835917 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.2.5.9529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is currently suggested to play a major role in the development of diabetes mellitus. There is an increasing demand of natural anti-diabetic agents, as continuous administration of existing drugs and insulin are associated with many side effects and toxicity. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Momordica charantia (MC) and Trigonella foenum graecum (TFG) extracts (aqueous) on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in heart tissue of normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. In a 30 days treatment, rats were divided into six groups (I-VI) of five animals in each,experiments were repeated thrice. Administration of MC (13.33 g pulp/kg body weight/day) and TFG (9 g seeds powder/kg body weight/day) extracts in diabetic rats has remarkably improved the elevated levels of fasting blood glucose. A significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (p<0.001) and significant increase in the activities of key antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH ) contents in heart tissue of diabetic rats were observed (group V and VI) upon MC and TFG treatment. Our studies demonstrate the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative potential of Momordica charantia and Trigonella foenum graecum, which could exert beneficial effects against the diabetes and associated free radicals complications in heart tissue.
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