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Loza A, Wong-Chew RM, Jiménez-Corona ME, Zárate S, López S, Ciria R, Palomares D, García-López R, Iša P, Taboada B, Rosales M, Boukadida C, Herrera-Estrella A, Mojica NS, Rivera-Gutierrez X, Muñoz-Medina JE, Salas-Lais AG, Sanchez-Flores A, Vazquez-Perez JA, Arias CF, Gutiérrez-Ríos RM. Two-year follow-up of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1050673. [PMID: 36711379 PMCID: PMC9880891 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After the initial outbreak in China (December 2019), the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. This paper aims to describe the first 2 years of the pandemic in Mexico. Design and methods This is a population-based longitudinal study. We analyzed data from the national COVID-19 registry to describe the evolution of the pandemic in terms of the number of confirmed cases, hospitalizations, deaths and reported symptoms in relation to health policies and circulating variants. We also carried out logistic regression to investigate the major risk factors for disease severity. Results From March 2020 to March 2022, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Mexico underwent four epidemic waves. Out of 5,702,143 confirmed cases, 680,063 were hospitalized (11.9%), and 324,436 (5.7%) died. Even if there was no difference in susceptibility by gender, males had a higher risk of death (CFP: 7.3 vs. 4.2%) and hospital admission risk (HP: 14.4 vs. 9.5%). Severity increased with age. With respect to younger ages (0-17 years), the 60+ years or older group reached adjusted odds ratios of 9.63 in the case of admission and 53.05 (95% CI: 27.94-118.62) in the case of death. The presence of any comorbidity more than doubled the odds ratio, with hypertension-diabetes as the riskiest combination. While the wave peaks increased over time, the odds ratios for developing severe disease (waves 2, 3, and 4 to wave 1) decreased to 0.15 (95% CI: 0.12-0.18) in the fourth wave. Conclusion The health policy promoted by the Mexican government decreased hospitalizations and deaths, particularly among older adults with the highest risk of admission and death. Comorbidities augment the risk of developing severe illness, which is shown to rise by double in the Mexican population, particularly for those reported with hypertension-diabetes. Factors such as the decrease in the severity of the SARS-CoV2 variants, changes in symptomatology, and advances in the management of patients, vaccination, and treatments influenced the decrease in mortality and hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Loza
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Wong-Chew
- Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, División de Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Selene Zárate
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Susana López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Ciria
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diego Palomares
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo García-López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Pavel Iša
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Blanca Taboada
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Rosales
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Celia Boukadida
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nelly Selem Mojica
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Xaira Rivera-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - José Esteba Muñoz-Medina
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos F. Arias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Gutiérrez-Ríos
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico,*Correspondence: Rosa María Gutiérrez-Ríos ✉
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Bellón JM, Contreras LA, Buján J, Palomares D, Carrera-San Martín A. Tissue response to polypropylene meshes used in the repair of abdominal wall defects. Biomaterials 1998; 19:669-75. [PMID: 9663739 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The degree of integration of biomaterials used in the repair of abdominal wall defects seems to depend upon the structure of the prosthesis. Several polypropylene (PP) prostheses are currently available which differ in the number of PP filaments, the type of weave and the porosity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the integration, adhesion formation and resistance to traction of three types of PP prostheses (Marlex, Trelex and Prolene) used in the partial or total repair of abdominal wall defects. Abdominal wall defects (7 x 5 cm) were created in 54 New Zealand rabbits involving all the tissue layers (total substitutions (TS); n = 27) or all layers excluding the parietal peritoneum (partial substitutions (PS); n = 27). The defects were repaired with PP monofilament prostheses of different weave (1 mm porosity) (Marlex, n = 18; Trelex, n = 18) or bifilament (2 mm porosity) (Prolene; n = 18). They were placed in contact on one side with subcutaneous tissue and on the other with abdominal viscera or parietal peritoneum. Animals were killed at 30, 60 and 90 days and samples of prosthesis and scar tissue processed for light and scanning microscopy. The adhesion formation with viscera was evaluated. Resistance to traction was measured with a tensiometer using strips including the prosthesis and anchorage tissue. Adhesions were detected in all the TS and in four PS. Microscopic analysis revealed total integration of the TS samples by fibrous and disorganized tissue. Prostheses used for PS were integrated by white adipose tissue with the exception of the areas around the mesh nodes and anchorage zones. The foreign body reaction could be seen as a moderate accumulation of white blood cells. Tensiometric analysis showed an increase in resistance to traction with time (P < 0.001) in each type of prosthesis, but no differences were detected (P > 0.001) between them. We concluded that: (a) the formation of adhesions was almost inhibited when the parietal peritoneum was left intact; (b) in both TS and PS, polypropylene prostheses integrated completely although the composition of the scar tissue was seem to differ; and (c) resistance to traction was similar in both TS and PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bellón
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá de Henares, Carretera N-II, Madrid, Spain
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Berenson JR, Lichtenstein A, Hart S, Palomares D, Miller RA. Expression of shared idiotypes by paraproteins from patients with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Blood 1990; 75:2107-11. [PMID: 1693294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-nine murine monoclonal antibodies have been produced that react with shared idiotypes expressed by B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. We tested this panel of antibodies for reactivity with the paraproteins from 32 patients with multiple myeloma and 10 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Thirteen of 42 paraproteins reacted with at least one antibody in this panel of anti-idiotypic antibodies. Six different anti-idiotypes demonstrated reactivity with the paraproteins. A similar frequency of reactivity was found for both myeloma and MGUS proteins. One antibody, S30-47, reacted with 6 of 32 (19%) of the paraproteins from patients with multiple myeloma, whereas this anti-idiotype only bound to 3% of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas and no cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. This anti-idiotype reacted with both components of a biphenotypic paraprotein (IgG kappa and IgG lambda) in one patient. In each of nine patients tested, plasma cells isolated from bone marrow were shown to be reactive with the same anti-idiotype we found to react with the paraprotein. Antishared idiotype antibodies may provide useful reagents for studies of patients with monoclonal gammopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Berenson
- Department of Medicine, Wadsworth Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine 90024
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