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Manoharan D, Wang LC, Chen YC, Li WP, Yeh CS. Catalytic Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications: Exploiting Advanced Nanozymes for Therapeutics and Diagnostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400746. [PMID: 38683107 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic nanoparticles (CNPs) as heterogeneous catalyst reveals superior activity due to their physio-chemical features, such as high surface-to-volume ratio and unique optical, electric, and magnetic properties. The CNPs, based on their physio-chemical nature, can either increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level for tumor and antibacterial therapy or eliminate the ROS for cytoprotection, anti-inflammation, and anti-aging. In addition, the catalytic activity of nanozymes could specifically trigger a specific reaction accompanied by the optical feature change, presenting the feasibility of biosensor and bioimaging applications. Undoubtedly, CNPs play a pivotal role in pushing the evolution of technologies in medical and clinical fields, and advanced strategies and nanomaterials rely on the input of chemical experts to develop. Herein, we present a systematic and comprehensive review of the challenges and recent development of catalytic NPs for biomedical applications from the viewpoint of advanced nanomaterial with unique catalytic activity and additional functions. Furthermore, we critically discuss the biosafety issue of applying biodegradable and non-biodegradable nanozymes and future perspectives to guide a promising direction in developing span-new nanozymes and more intelligent strategies for overcoming the current clinical limitations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Liu-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Peng Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Wang LC, Chiou PY, Hsu YP, Lee CL, Hung CH, Wu YH, Wang WJ, Hsieh GL, Chen YC, Chang LC, Su WP, Manoharan D, Liao MC, Thangudu S, Li WP, Su CH, Tian HK, Yeh CS. Prussian blue analog with separated active sites to catalyze water driven enhanced catalytic treatments. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4709. [PMID: 37543632 PMCID: PMC10404294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) uses the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction to yield toxic ‧OH following H2O2 → ‧OH for tumoral therapy. Unfortunately, H2O2 is often taken from the limited endogenous supply of H2O2 in cancer cells. A water oxidation CoFe Prussian blue (CFPB) nanoframes is presented to provide sustained, external energy-free self-supply of ‧OH from H2O to process CDT and/or photothermal therapy (PTT). Unexpectedly, the as-prepared CFPB nanocubes with no near-infrared (NIR) absorption is transformed into CFPB nanoframes with NIR absorption due to the increased Fe3+-N ≡ C-Fe2+ composition through the proposed proton-induced metal replacement reactions. Surprisingly, both the CFPB nanocubes and nanoframes provide for the self-supply of O2, H2O2, and ‧OH from H2O, with the nanoframe outperforming in the production of ‧OH. Simulation analysis indicates separated active sites in catalyzation of water oxidation, oxygen reduction, and Fenton-like reactions from CFPB. The liposome-covered CFPB nanoframes prepared for controllable water-driven CDT for male tumoral mice treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lai Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jyun Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Gia-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chiao Liao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Suresh Thangudu
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Peng Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Kang Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Chen YC, Liu YJ, Lee CL, Pham KY, Manoharan D, Thangudu S, Su CH, Yeh CS. Engineering H 2 O 2 and O 2 Self-Supplying Nanoreactor to Conduct Synergistic Chemiexcited Photodynamic and Calcium-Overloaded Therapy in Orthotopic Hepatic Tumors. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201613. [PMID: 35879269 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is traditionally ineffective for deeply embedded tumors due to the poor penetration depth of the excitation light. Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) has emerged as a promising mode of PDT without external light. To date, related research has frequently used endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and oxygen (O2 ) inside the solid tumor microenvironment to trigger CRET-mediated PDT. Unfortunately, this significantly restricts treatment efficacy and the development of further biomedical applications because of the limited amounts of endogenous H2 O2 and O2 . Herein, a nanohybrid (mSiO2 /CaO2 /CPPO/Ce6: mSCCC) nanoparticle (NP) is designed to achieve synergistic CRET-mediated PDT and calcium (Ca2+ )-overload-mediated therapy. The calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) formed inside mesoporous SiO2 (mSC) with the inclusion of the chemiluminescent agent (CPPO) and photosensitizer (Ce6) self-supplies H2 O2 , O2 , and Ca2+ allowing for the subsequent treatments. The Ce6 in mSCCC NPs is excited by chemical energy in situ following the supply of H2 O2 and O2 to produce singlet oxygen (1 O2 ). The nanohybrid NPs are coated with stearic acid to avoid decomposition during blood circulation through contact with aqueous environment. This nanohybrid shows promising performance in the generation of 1 O2 for external light-free PDT and the release of Ca2+ ions for Ca2+ -overloaded therapy against orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lai Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Khang-Yen Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue University, Hue City, 530000, Vietnam
| | - Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Suresh Thangudu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Lee C, Pham K, Manoharan D, Thangudu S, Su C, Yeh C. Engineering H
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Self‐Supplying Nanoreactor to Conduct Synergistic Chemiexcited Photodynamic and Calcium‐Overloaded Therapy in Orthotopic Hepatic Tumors (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 20/2022). Adv Healthc Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202270125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jagannathan K, Vijayanand S, Manoharan D, Indiran V. Perioral Rash in a Young Boy Due to Lip-Licking Dermatitis. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:513-514. [PMID: 34757572 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-021-04002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kokilavani Jagannathan
- VK General Health and Diabetic Care Clinic, 27A Nemilichery High Road, Bharathipuram, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vijayanand
- Department of Pediatrics, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Potheri, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Manoharan
- Department of Dermatology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatraman Indiran
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600044, India. .,IVR Scans, Chromepet, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India.
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Manoharan D, Reddy D, Danny G, Manoharan K. A case of cutaneous T cell lymphoma masquerading as keloidal blastomycosis treated with CHOP regimen. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:84-86. [PMID: 35656244 PMCID: PMC9154135 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_109_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Manoharan K, Sivaramakrishnan S, Manoharan D, Reddy DI. Cutaneous nodular exophytic angiosarcoma with involvement of tibia. J Postgrad Med 2022; 68:184-185. [PMID: 36018075 PMCID: PMC9733509 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_1092_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Manoharan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Manoharan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Prof. Manoharan D, E-mail:
| | - DI Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Manoharan K, Manoharan D, Kumar NA, Salam A. A Case of Facial Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (LE) with Oral Lichen Planus (LP): A Dig into Co-existence and LE-LP Overlap. J Clin Diagn Res 2022. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2022/52554.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A distinction between ‘co-existence of Lupus Erythematosus (LE) and Lichen Planus (LP)’ and ‘LE-LP overlap’ bears importance as the criterion for true overlap necessitates histological and immunological features of both LE and LP to be found in the same tissue specimen. However, in the present case report the lesions of LE and LP were present in two different sites. A 51-year-old male presented with a large erythematous scaly atrophic plaque on the right cheek with similar lesions on chin and lips for 10 years. He also had violaceous lesions on the bilateral buccal mucosa and a white lesion over the left buccal mucosa for three years. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) and Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) were suspected. Dermoscopy of the facial plaque showed features consistent with DLE. Histopathology of the facial plaque confirmed the diagnosis of DLE, whereas the white plaque on the left buccal mucosa showed features of early invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Violaceous lesion over the right buccal mucosa showed features suggesting OLP. A Direct Immunofluorescence (DI) was also performed for the buccal mucosa to rule out the possibility of DLE with oral involvement, which turned out to be negative. Therefore, a diagnosis of synchronous presentation of DLE and OLP along with Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa was made and patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, systemic hydroxychloroquine and surgical intervention for the squamous cell carcinoma. It is also imperative that not only long standing cutaneous lesions, but also oral lesions like LP should be investigated and kept under observation to look for any early malignant changes.
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Manoharan K, Manoharan D, Sivaramakrishnan S, Sanjay NS. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Complicating Plaque of Lupus Erythematosus - A Case Series. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i58b34236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lupus Erythematosus is a multisystem disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from cutaneous involvement to widespread systemic involvement. Squamous cell carcinoma formation in cutaneous lesions of LE is rare but had greater chances of metastases. Here, we report two cases, one of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus and other of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus complicated by development of squamous cell carcinoma over cutaneous lesions.
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Manoharan D, Chang LC, Wang LC, Shan YS, Lin FC, Wu LC, Sheu HS, Su WP, Yeh CS. Synchronization of Nanoparticle Sensitization and Radiosensitizing Chemotherapy through Cell Cycle Arrest Achieving Ultralow X-ray Dose Delivery to Pancreatic Tumors. ACS Nano 2021; 15:9084-9100. [PMID: 33974409 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related death and remains a formidable therapeutic challenge. To date, surgical resection and chemotherapy have been the standards of care. Methotrexate (MTX), which is recognized as a refractory drug for pancreatic cells, was conjugated to the surface of LiYF4:Ce3+ nanoparticles (NP-MTX) through a photocleavable linker molecule. When LiYF4:Ce3+ NPs are stimulated by X-rays, they emit light, which induces the photocleavage of the photolabile linker molecule to release MTX. MTX can target pancreatic tumors, which overexpress folic acid (FA) receptors and are internalized into the cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The synergistic effect of the NP-MTX treatment initiated by X-ray irradiation occurs due to the combination of nanoparticle sensitization and the radiosensitizing chemotherapy of the photocleaved MTX molecule. This dual sensitization effect mediated by NP-MTX enabled 40% dose enhancement, which corresponded with an increase in the generation of cytotoxic cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced S phase arrest within the cell cycle. The delivery of an ultralow radiation dose of 0.1 Gy resulted in the photocleavage of MTX from NP-MTX, and this strategy demonstrated in vivo efficacy against AsPC-1 and PANC-1 xenografted pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Liu-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Forn-Chia Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Chin Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Manoharan D, Sharma S, Das CJ, Kumar R, Kumar P. Split bolus dual-energy CT urography after urine dilution: a one-stop shop for detection and characterisation of urolithiasis. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:643.e11-643.e18. [PMID: 32345438 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the diagnostic performance of split-bolus dual-energy computed tomography (CT) urography (SBDECTU) in the detection and characterisation of urolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-centre Institute Ethics Committee (IEC)-approved prospective study was conducted from April 2014 to November 2015. One hundred and thirty consenting adults with microscopic haematuria underwent dual-energy true non-enhanced CT (DETNE) of the whole abdomen followed by a SBDECTU. The SBDECTU protocol consisted of synchronous nephrogram-urogram acquisition following urine dilution by oral hydration and normal saline injection. Calculi were detected and characterised using virtual non-enhanced (VNE) images derived from SBDECT were compared with DETNE (the reference standard). The subjective image quality and radiation dose were compared. RESULTS Twenty-six participants had one or more calculi (total 129 calculi) detected on DETNE CT. The sensitivity and specificity of VNE on a per-patient basis were 100%. Of the 129 calculi, 118 were detected on VNE, with a sensitivity of 91.47% and an accuracy of 91.47%. Of the calculi, 83.9% (99/118) could be characterised on SBDECTU images. On VNE images, complete iodine subtraction was seen in 73.1% (19/26). By omitting DETNE CT, the mean dose-length product of 537.6±152.9 mGy and volume CT dose index of 10.9±2.9 mGy•cm2 could have been saved. CONCLUSION SBDECTU has high diagnostic accuracy in the detection and characterisation of clinically significant urinary calculi at potentially half the radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Manoharan
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110049, India.
| | - C J Das
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110049, India
| | - P Kumar
- Department of Medical Physics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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Chen ZZ, Wang LC, Manoharan D, Lee CL, Wu LC, Huang WT, Huang EY, Su CH, Sheu HS, Yeh CS. Low Dose of X-Ray-Excited Long-Lasting Luminescent Concave Nanocubes in Highly Passive Targeting Deep-Seated Hepatic Tumors. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1905087. [PMID: 31625638 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromium-doped zinc gallate, ZnGa2 O4 :Cr3+ (ZGC), is viewed as a long-lasting luminescence (LLL) phosphor that can avoid tissue autofluorescence interference for in vivo imaging detection. ZGC is a cubic spinel structure, a typical agglomerative or clustered morphology lacking a defined cubic shape, but a sphere-like feature is commonly obtained for the nanometric ZGC. The substantial challenge remains achieving a well-defined cubic feature in nanoscale. The process by which dispersed and well-defined concave cubic ZGC is obtained is described, exhibiting much stronger LLL in UV and X-ray excitation for the dispersed cubic ZGC compared with the agglomerative form that cannot be excited using X-rays with a low dose of 0.5 Gy. The cubic ZGC reveals a specific accumulation in liver and 0.5 Gy used at the end of X-ray excitation is sufficient for imaging of deep-seated hepatic tumors. The ZGC nanocubes show highly passive targeting of orthotopic hepatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Liu-Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lai Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Chin Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Eng-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Su
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
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Maruthamuthu S, Chandrasekaran J, Manoharan D, Magesh R. Conductivity and dielectric analysis of nanocolloidal polypyrrole particles functionalized with higher weight percentage of poly(styrene sulfonate) using the dispersion polymerization method. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanocolloidal polypyrrole/poly(styrene sulfonate) PPy:PSS composites were prepared by dispersion polymerization of pyrrole with 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt% of PSS. Higher doping level of PPy was confirmed with increased S/N value of elemental analysis. Morphological variations of PPy composite matrix based on PSS were analyzed in which spherical shaped PPy particles of 20–40 nm were obtained for 1:1 wt% of PPy:PSS. Presence of higher concentration of PSS within the PPy matrix substantially improved its thermal stability. Dielectric properties were investigated using complex impedance analyzer as a function of frequency (50 Hz–5 MHz) and temperature between 30°C and 120°C. PPy, with improved dispersion, showed higher dielectric constant values up to 15 wt% of anionic polyelectrolyte PSS and the dielectric loss varied between 4.7 and 7.9 for different wt% of PSS. AC conductivity (σac) enhanced up to 1:1 wt% of PPy:PSS composite, which is found to be the optimum wt% in this study. DC conductivity was found to decrease after 1:1 wt% of PPy:PSS composite, which is due to excess oxidation, leading to reduced π conjugation of PPy chains. Higher dielectric constant values of composite, with relatively low dielectric loss values, indicate their potential usage in the electric and electronic industry.
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Subbaiyan K, Balamurugan K, Raghuram AR, Krishnan RM, Rajan M, Manoharan D. Management of unusual complications of atrial septal defect device - a case series. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.02.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Saravanan A, Huang BR, Manoharan D, Lin IN. High-Performance Electron Field Emitters and Microplasma Cathodes Based on Conductive Hybrid Granular Structured Diamond Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:4916-4925. [PMID: 28084726 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-performance diamond electron field emitters (EFEs) with extremely low turn-on field (E0 = 1.72 V/μm) and high current density (1.70 mA/cm2 at an applied field of 3.86 V/μm) were successfully synthesized by using a modified two-step microwave plasma chemical deposition process. Such emitters possess EFE properties comparable with most of carbon- or semiconductor-based EFE materials, but with markedly better lifetime stability. The superb EFE behavior of these materials was achieved owing to the reduction in the diamond-to-Si interfacial resistance and the increase in the conductivity of the bulk diamond films (HBD-400 V) via the applications of high bias voltage during the preparation of the ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) primary layer and the subsequent plasma post-treatment (PPT) process, respectively. The superior EFE properties along with enhanced robustness of HBD-400 V films compared with the existing diamond-based EFE materials rendered these materials of greater potential for applications in high brightness display and multifunctional microplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhimoorthy Saravanan
- Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bohr-Ran Huang
- Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - I-Nan Lin
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , Tamsui 251, Taiwan, ROC
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Maruthamuthu S, Chandrasekaran J, Manoharan D, Karthick SN, Kim HJ. Effect of CuBr2salt treatment on the performance of nanocolloidal PPy:PSS multilayer thin film counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Maruthamuthu
- Research & Development Centre; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore 641 046 Tamil Nadu India
- Faculty of Physics; Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology; Pollachi 642 003 Tamil Nadu India
| | - J. Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - D. Manoharan
- Department of Physics; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. N. Karthick
- School of Electrical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609 735 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609 735 Republic of Korea
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Maruthamuthu S, Chandrasekaran J, Manoharan D, Karthick SN, Kim HJ, Saravanakumar B. CuBr 2-induced charge screening on photoactive nanocolloidal polypyrrole:poly(styrene sulfonate) composite multilayer thin-film counter electrodes for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Maruthamuthu
- Research and Development Centre; Bharathiar University; Coimbatore -641 046 Tamil Nadu India
- Faculty of Physics, Dr Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology; Pollachi -642 003 Tamil Nadu India
| | - J Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore -641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - D Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore -641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - SN Karthick
- School of Electrical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609735 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609735 Republic of Korea
| | - B Saravanakumar
- Faculty of Physics, Dr Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology; Pollachi -642 003 Tamil Nadu India
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18
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Aswaghosh L, Manoharan D, Jaya NV. Defect structure and optical phonon confinement in ultrananocrystalline BixSn1−xO2 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08) synthesized by a sonochemical method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5995-6004. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Relaxation of the zone-centre optical phonon selection rule due to size effect causes interesting changes in vibrational spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Aswaghosh
- Department of Physics
- Anna University
- Chennai
- India
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Manoharan D, Saravanan A, Yeh CJ, Huang BR, Leou KC, Lin IN. Enhancement of plasma illumination characteristics via typical engineering of diamond–graphite nanocomposite films. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02505b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Chang TH, Hsieh PY, Kunuku S, Lou SC, Manoharan D, Leou KC, Lin IN, Tai NH. High Stability Electron Field Emitters Synthesized via the Combination of Carbon Nanotubes and N₂-Plasma Grown Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:27526-27538. [PMID: 26600097 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An electron field emitter with superior electron field emission (EFE) properties and improved lifetime stability is being demonstrated via the combination of carbon nanotubes and the CH4/N2 plasma grown ultrananocrystalline diamond (N-UNCD) films. The resistance of the carbon nanotubes to plasma ion bombardment is improved by the formation of carbon nanocones on the side walls of the carbon nanotubes, thus forming strengthened carbon nanotubes (s-CNTs). The N-UNCD films can thus be grown on s-CNTs, forming N-UNCD/s-CNTs carbon nanocomposite materials. The N-UNCD/s-CNTs films possess good conductivity of σ = 237 S/cm and marvelous EFE properties, such as low turn-on field of (E0) = 3.58 V/μm with large EFE current density of (J(e)) = 1.86 mA/cm(2) at an applied field of 6.0 V/μm. Moreover, the EFE emitters can be operated under 0.19 mA/cm(2) for more than 350 min without showing any sign of degradation. Such a superior EFE property along with high robustness characteristic of these combination of materials are not attainable with neither N-UNCD films nor s-CNTs films alone. Transmission electron microscopic investigations indicated that the N-UNCD films contain needle-like diamond grains encased in a few layers of nanographitic phase, which enhanced markedly the transport of electrons in the N-UNCD films. Moreover, the needle-like diamond grains were nucleated from the s-CNTs without the necessity of forming the interlayer that facilitate the transport of electrons crossing the diamond-to-Si interface. Both these factors contributed to the enhanced EFE behavior of the N-UNCD/s-CNTs films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsun Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ping-Yen Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Srinivasu Kunuku
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shiu-Cheng Lou
- Center for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , New Taipei City 251, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Keh-Chyang Leou
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - I-Nan Lin
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , New Taipei City 251, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Sankaran KJ, Huang BR, Saravanan A, Manoharan D, Tai NH, Lin IN. Heterogranular-Structured Diamond-Gold Nanohybrids: A New Long-Life Electronic Display Cathode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:27078-27086. [PMID: 26600002 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the age of hand-held portable electronics, the need for robust, stable and long-life cathode materials has become increasingly important. Herein, a novel heterogranular-structured diamond-gold nanohybrids (HDG) as a long-term stable cathode material for field-emission (FE) display and plasma display devices is experimentally demonstrated. These hybrid materials are electrically conductive that perform as an excellent field emitters, viz. low turn-on field of 2.62 V/μm with high FE current density of 4.57 mA/cm(2) (corresponding to a applied field of 6.43 V/μm) and prominently high lifetime stability lasting for 1092 min revealing their superiority on comparison with the other commonly used field emitters such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and zinc oxide nanorods. The process of fabrication of these HDG materials is direct and easy thereby paving way for the advancement in next generation cathode materials for high-brightness FE and plasma-based display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University , 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bohr-Ran Huang
- Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Adhimoorthy Saravanan
- Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering and Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , Tamsui 251, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - I-Nan Lin
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , Tamsui 251, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Maruthamuthu S, Chandrasekaran J, Manoharan D, Karthick SN, Kim HJ. Multilayer photoactive nanocolloidal PPy:PSS as a novel substitute for Pt free counter electrode in DSSC. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Maruthamuthu
- Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 046 India
- Faculty of Physics, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology; Pollachi Tamil Nadu 642 003 India
| | - J. Chandrasekaran
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 020 India
| | - D. Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 020 India
| | - S. N. Karthick
- School of Electrical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609 735 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609 735 Republic of Korea
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Lin SC, Yeh CJ, Manoharan D, Leou KC, Lin IN. Microstructural Evolution of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films Due to CH4/Ar/H2 Plasma Post-Treatment Process. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:21844-21851. [PMID: 26372852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasma post-treatment process was observed to markedly enhance the electron field emission (EFE) properties of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films. TEM examinations reveal that the prime factor which improves the EFE properties of these films is the coalescence of ultrasmall diamond grains (∼5 nm) forming large diamond grains about hundreds of nanometers accompanied by the formation of nanographitic clusters along the grain boundaries due to the plasma post-treatment process. OES studies reveal the presence of large proportion of atomic hydrogen and C2 (or CH) species, which are the main ingredients that altered the granular structure of the UNCD films. In the post-treatment process, the plasma interacts with the diamond films by a diffusion process. The recrystallization of diamond grains started at the surface region of the material, and the interaction zone increased with the post-treatment period. The entire diamond film can be converted into a nanocrystalline granular structure when post-treated for a sufficient length of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chang Lin
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Jui Yeh
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, R.O.C
| | - Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , Tamsui, Taiwan 251, R.O.C
| | - Keh-Chyang Leou
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, R.O.C
| | - I-Nan Lin
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , Tamsui, Taiwan 251, R.O.C
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Abstract
Erythema ab igne is reticular erythematous pigmented dermatoses seen in patients exposed to prolonged or repeated sub-threshold Infrared radiation inadequate to cause burns. Here, we report a case of erythema ab igne in a 40-year-old male patient seen over the abdomen due to prolonged laptop use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Manoharan
- Department of Dermatology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Manoharan D, Loganathan A, Kurapati V, Nesamony VJ. Unique sharp photoluminescence of size-controlled sonochemically synthesized zirconia nanoparticles. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 23:174-184. [PMID: 25453213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the features of tetragonally stabilized polycrystalline zirconia nanophosphors prepared by a sonochemistry based synthesis from zirconium oxalate precursor complex. The sonochemically prepared pristine zirconia, 3 mol%, 5 mol% and 8 mol% yttrium doped zirconia nanophosphors were characterized using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The reaction mechanism of formation of zirconia nanophosphors is discussed in detail. The probable sonochemical formation mechanism is being proposed. Stabilization of tetragonal phase of pristine zirconia even at room temperature was effectively established by controlling the particle size using ultrasonic waves. Improved phase purity and good surface morphology of the nanophosphors is being achieved via sonochemical route. FE-SEM micrographs reveal that the nanoparticles have uniform spherical shape and size. The narrow particle size distribution (∼15-25 nm) of the zirconia nanoparticles was found from FE-SEM statistical analysis and further confirmed by TEM. Zirconia nanophosphors exhibit a wide energy band gap and which was found to vary with yttrium dopant concentration. The highlight of the present study is the synthesis of novel nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Y-ZrO₂ phosphor which simultaneously emits extremely sharp as well as intense UV, violet and cyan light on exciting the host atom. The yttrium ion dopant further enhances the photoluminescence property of zirconia. These nanocrystalline phosphors are likely to have remarkable optical applications as light emitting UV-LEDs, UV lasers and multi color displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divinah Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Vishista Kurapati
- Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (HSS) is a rare disorder characterized by dyscephalia, with facial and dental abnormalities. We report a 12-year-old female child who presented with abnormal facial features, dental abnormalities and sparse scalp hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakar Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chromepet, Chennai, India
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Begum AN, Dhachanamoorthi N, saravanan MR, Jayamurugan P, Manoharan D, Ponnuswamy V. Influence of annealing effects on polyaniline for good microstructural modification. Optik (Stuttg) 2013; 124:238-242. [PMID: 23378673 PMCID: PMC3549489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2011.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
H(2)SO(4) doped polyaniline (PANI) has synthesized by chemical oxidation method. The prepared Polyaniline were annealed at 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C for 30 min in vacuum. Crystal size, percentage of crystallinity, total percentage of crystallinity properties of untreated and heat treated PANI samples were studied by using X-ray diffraction pattern. The molecular structure of untreated and heat treated samples were examined by using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. UV study shows π-π* transition of untreated and heat treated of polyaniline were found at 328 and 636 nm. The peak at 636 nm reveals the extension of conjugated polymer. Thermal properties of untreated and heat treated PANI sample measured by using thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Nishara Begum
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Chikkaiah Naicker College, Erode 12, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Dhachanamoorthi
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Vellalar College for Women, Eorde 12, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - P. Jayamurugan
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 20, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 20, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Ponnuswamy
- Department of Physics, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 20, Tamil Nadu, India
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Manoharan D, Vishista K. Optical Properties of Nano-Crystalline Cerium Dioxide Synthesized by Single Step Aqueous Citrate-Nitrate Gel Combustion Method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2013.14984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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