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Oberlin DJ, Barns S, Jain M, Adely M, Suzuki W. Acute Effects Of Group Exercise Classes On Mood. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000880248.89095.0a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Van Every DW, Coleman M, Rosa A, Zambrano H, Plotkin D, Torres X, Mercado M, De Souza EO, Alto A, Oberlin DJ, Vigotsky AD, Schoenfeld BJ. Loaded inter-set stretch may selectively enhance muscular adaptations of the plantar flexors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273451. [PMID: 36048793 PMCID: PMC9436038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in changes in muscle strength and muscle thickness (MT) of the plantar flexor muscles between traditional resistance training (RT) involving passive rest and RT combined with inter-set stretch in the calf raise exercise. Employing a within-subject design, 21 young, healthy men performed plantar flexion exercises twice per week in both a traditional RT (TRAD) format and combined with a 20-second inter-set stretch (STRETCH). One leg was randomly assigned to the TRAD condition and the contralateral leg performed the STRETCH condition throughout the 8-week study period. Dependent variables included MT of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG) and the soleus (SOL), and isometric strength of the plantar flexors. Results indicated a potential beneficial hypertrophic effect of STRETCH compared to TRAD for the SOL [0.7 mm, CI90% = (0, 1.6)], while the LG had more ambiguous effects [0.4 mm (−0.4, 1.3)] and MG effects were equivocal [0 mm (−0.6, 0.7)]. In general, LG demonstrated greater standardized growth [z = 1.1 (1, 1.3)] as compared to MG [z = 0.3 (0.2, 0.5)] and SOL [z = 0.3 (0.2, 0.5)]. Measures of isometric strength showed a modest advantage to STRETCH. In conclusion, loaded inter-set stretch may enhance MT of the soleus but effects on the gastrocnemii appear uncertain or unlikely in untrained men; plantar flexor strength appears to be modestly enhanced by the interventional strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick W. Van Every
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Max Coleman
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Avery Rosa
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Hugo Zambrano
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Daniel Plotkin
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Xavier Torres
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Mariella Mercado
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Eduardo O. De Souza
- Department of Health Sciences & Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States of America
| | - Andrew Alto
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Douglas J. Oberlin
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Vigotsky
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States of America
| | - Brad J. Schoenfeld
- Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Basso JC, Oberlin DJ, Satyal MK, O’Brien CE, Crosta C, Psaras Z, Metpally A, Suzuki WA. Examining the Effect of Increased Aerobic Exercise in Moderately Fit Adults on Psychological State and Cognitive Function. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:833149. [PMID: 35903787 PMCID: PMC9317941 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.833149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical exercise can decrease the risk for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, increase life expectancy, and promote psychological health and neurocognitive functioning. Cross-sectional studies show that cardiorespiratory fitness level (VO2 max) is associated with enhanced brain health, including improved mood state and heightened cognitive performance. Interventional studies are consistent with these cross-sectional studies, but most have focused on low-fit populations. Few such studies have asked if increasing levels of physical activity in moderately fit people can significantly enhance mood, motivation, and cognition. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of increasing aerobic exercise in moderately fit individuals on psychological state and cognitive performance. We randomly assigned moderately fit healthy adults, 25-59 years of age, who were engaged in one or two aerobic exercise sessions per week to either maintain their exercise regimen (n = 41) or increase their exercise regimen (i.e., 4-7 aerobic workouts per week; n = 39) for a duration of 3 months. Both before and after the intervention, we assessed aerobic capacity using a modified cardiorespiratory fitness test, and hippocampal functioning via various neuropsychological assessments including a spatial navigation task and the Mnemonic Similarity Task as well as self-reported measures including the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Rumination Scale, Eating Disorders Examination, Eating Attitudes Test, Body Attitudes Test, and Behavioral Regulation of Exercise Questionnaire. Consistent with our initial working hypotheses, we found that increasing exercise significantly decreased measures of negative affect, including fear, sadness, guilt, and hostility, as well as improved body image. Further, we found that the total number of workouts was significantly associated with improved spatial navigation abilities and body image as well as reduced anxiety, general negative affect, fear, sadness, hostility, rumination, and disordered eating. In addition, increases in fitness levels were significantly associated with improved episodic memory and exercise motivation as well as decreased stress and disordered eating. Our findings are some of the first to indicate that in middle-aged moderately-fit adults, continuing to increase exercise levels in an already ongoing fitness regimen is associated with additional benefits for both psychological and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Basso
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, VA, United States
- Center for Health Behaviors Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Douglas J. Oberlin
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Medha K. Satyal
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, VA, United States
| | | | - Christen Crosta
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zach Psaras
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anvitha Metpally
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, VA, United States
| | - Wendy A. Suzuki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Eubank JM, Oberlin DJ, Alto A, Sahyoun NR, Asongwed E, Monroe-Lord L, Harrison EA. Effects of Lifestyle Factors on Cognition in Minority Population of Older Adults: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:841070. [PMID: 35369047 PMCID: PMC8966895 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.841070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is projected to expand over the next several decades in the United States as the population ages. However, the cognitive health burden is not equally distributed among the population, as Hispanics and African Americans are at higher risk of AD when compared with Non-Hispanic Whites. There is some evidence to indicate that cognitive decline may be associated with lifestyle factors and that interventions in these domains may prevent or delay this decline. These lifestyle factors include social engagement, physical activity, both aerobic and strength training, dietary intake, sleep and stress. This review summarizes, in general, what is known about the relationship between risk factors and cognition and, in particular what is known about this relationship in minority populations. The results show that the relationship between these risk factors and cognitive decline is stronger for some of the factors such as physical activity and dietary intake and weaker for the other factors depending on what is measured and in what populations. It does appear, however, that the studies in minority populations is limited and warrants more targeted research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Eubank
- Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacob M. Eubank ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-9308
| | - Douglas J. Oberlin
- Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Alto
- Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nadine R. Sahyoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Elmira Asongwed
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lillie Monroe-Lord
- College of Agriculture, Urban Sustainability and Environmental Sciences, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, United States
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Lemke MK, Oberlin DJ, Apostolopoulos Y, Hege A, Sönmez S, Wideman L. Work, physical activity, and metabolic health: Understanding insulin sensitivity of long-haul truck drivers. Work 2021; 69:225-233. [PMID: 34024805 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-haul truck drivers are disproportionately exposed to metabolic risk; however, little is known about their metabolic health and the role of physical activity and other risk factors in metabolic outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study compares truck drivers' insulin sensitivity, and associations between metabolic risk factors and insulin sensitivity, with those of the general population. METHODS Survey, anthropometric, and biometric data were collected from 115 long-haul truckers, which were then compared to the general population data using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was used to estimate insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Truck drivers had lower QUICKI scores than the general population cohort. Sagittal abdominal diameter and exercise were predictive for QUICKI among combined cohorts. Waist circumference and perceived health were more predictive for QUICKI among truck drivers, and sagittal abdominal diameter and income were more predictive for QUICKI among the general population. CONCLUSIONS Long-haul truckers appear to represent a subset of the general population regarding the impact of physical activity and other metabolic risk factors on QUICKI. Accordingly, comprehensive efforts which target these factors are needed to improve truckers' physical activity levels and other metabolic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lemke
- Texas A&M University, Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, University of Houston-Downtown, Department of Social Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yorghos Apostolopoulos
- Texas A&M University, Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, University of Houston-Downtown, Department of Social Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas A&M University, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Adam Hege
- Appalachian State University, Department of Health & Exercise Science, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- University of Central Florida, College of BusinessOrlando, FL, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Department of Kinesiology, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Pydi SP, Cui Z, He Z, Barella LF, Pham J, Cui Y, Oberlin DJ, Egritag HE, Urs N, Gavrilova O, Schwartz GJ, Buettner C, Williams KW, Wess J. Beneficial metabolic role of β-arrestin-1 expressed by AgRP neurons. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz1341. [PMID: 32537493 PMCID: PMC7269658 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
β-Arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2 have emerged as important signaling molecules that modulate glucose fluxes in several peripheral tissues. The potential roles of neuronally expressed β-arrestins in regulating glucose homeostasis remain unknown. We here report that mice lacking β-arrestin-1 (barr1) selectively in AgRP neurons displayed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity when consuming an obesogenic diet, while mice overexpressing barr1 selectively in AgRP neurons were protected against obesity-associated metabolic impairments. Additional physiological, biochemical, and electrophysiological data indicated that the presence of barr1 is essential for insulin-mediated hyperpolarization of AgRP neurons. As a result, barr1 expressed by AgRP neurons regulates efferent neuronal pathways that suppress hepatic glucose production and promote lipolysis in adipose tissue. Mice lacking β-arrestin-2 (barr2) selectively in AgRP neurons showed no substantial metabolic phenotypes. Our data suggest that agents able to enhance the activity of barr1 in AgRP neurons may prove beneficial as antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai P. Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhenyan He
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Luiz F. Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan Pham
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas J. Oberlin
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hale Ergin Egritag
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nikhil Urs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gary J. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kevin W. Williams
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Basso JC, McHale A, Ende V, Oberlin DJ, Suzuki WA. Brief, daily meditation enhances attention, memory, mood, and emotional regulation in non-experienced meditators. Behav Brain Res 2019; 356:208-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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8
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Christopher P, Starnes JW, Oberlin DJ, Fecych M, Murray C, Vervaecke L, Bocchine A, Beverly JL. Mitochondria Content In Rat Ankle Extensor Muscles Following Chronic Endurance Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517095.30854.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Mellick PF, Feger BJ, Oberlin DJ, Davis PG, Wideman L. High-Intensity Exercise and Carbohydrate Supplementation do not Alter Plasma Visfatin. J Sports Sci Med 2017; 16:69-76. [PMID: 28344453 PMCID: PMC5358034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of high-intensity exercise and carbohydrate supplementation (CHO) on plasma visfatin. On 2 separate days, 10 sprint-trained males (age = 26.4 ± 5.3 yr; Ht = 1.77 ± 0.03 m; Wt = 78.78 ± 9.10 kg; BF% = 13.96 ± 7.28%) completed 4, 3-min bouts of cycling at 50% mean anaerobic power, with 6 min of rest between bouts. On CHO day, subjects ingested 50g of CHO 30 min before exercise. On control day, subjects ingested a sugar-free drink (CON) 30 min before exercise. Blood was drawn before supplementation, 15 min before exercise, before and after each exercise bout, and 15 and 30 min post exercise. Visfatin, glucose, and insulin were determined. Truncal fat was assessed by dual energy x-ray. Visfatin was not significantly different between treatments (CHO vs CON) at any time point (p = 0.163), and was not significantly altered by exercise (p = 0.692). Insulin [25.65 vs 8.35 mU/l, CHO vs CON, respectively] and glucose [138.57 vs 98.10 mg/dl, CHO vs CON, respectively] were significantly elevated after CHO ingestion and remained elevated throughout the first half of exercise. Baseline visfatin was significantly correlated with truncal fat (r2 = 0.7782, p < 0.05). Visfatin was correlated to truncal fat in sprint-trained males, but was not altered by exercise or CHO supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Mellick
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of St. Thomas , St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Bryan J Feger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC, USA
| | - Douglas J Oberlin
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Paul G Davis
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro, NC, USA
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Oberlin DJ, Mikus CR, Kearney ML, Hinton PS, Manrique C, Leidy HJ, Kanaley JA, Rector RS, Thyfault JP. One bout of exercise alters free-living postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 46:232-8. [PMID: 23872939 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a54d85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated postprandial glycemic (PPG) excursions are significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients. In this study, we tested if and for how many meals a single bout of exercise would reduce PPG responses to subsequent meals in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients using a continuous glucose monitor system (CGMS). METHODS We recruited nine sedentary (<30 min·wk(-1) of exercise) individuals with T2D (mean ± SD; body mass index = 36.0 ± 1.1 kg·m(-2), age = 60.3 ± 1.0 yr, HbA1c = 6.3% ± 0.2%). The subjects consumed a eucaloric diet (51% carbohydrate, 31% fat, and 18% protein) consisting of three meals, identical in composition, for a 2-d period while wearing a continuous glucose monitor system in two different conditions (exercise [EX], one 60-min bout at 60%-75% of heart rate reserve performed before breakfast), vs a sedentary [SED] condition). We quantified 24-h average glucose, PPG area under the curve (AUC; 4-h glucose AUC after meals), and PPG-2 h (2 h postprandial glucose). RESULTS EX significantly reduced average [glucose] during the first 24-h period (P = 0.03). EX caused a reduction in PPG-AUC (P = 0.02) for all of the meals during the 2 d (main effect between conditions). A comparison between the EX and the SED conditions at each meal revealed that EX reduced PPG-AUC after the second meal of day 1 (lunch) (P = 0.04). PPG-2 h was not significantly different between EX and SED. CONCLUSIONS Although a single EX bout does lower 24-h average [glucose], it only significantly lowered PPG-AUC at the second meal after the bout, suggesting that daily exercise may be needed to most effectively improve PPG at the advent of exercise training in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Oberlin
- 1Departments of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; 2Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; 3Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; 4Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; and 5Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO
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11
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Wideman L, Oberlin DJ, Sönmez S, Labban J, Lemke MK, Apostolopoulos Y. Obesity indices are predictive of elevated C-reactive protein in long-haul truck drivers. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:665-75. [PMID: 27400443 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity rates in long-haul truck drivers have been shown to be significantly higher than the general population. We hypothesized that commercial drivers with the highest levels of general obesity and abdominal adiposity would have higher concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation. METHODS Survey and anthropometric data were collected from 262 commercial drivers. Weight, circumference measures, and blood analysis for CRP (N = 115) were conducted and compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. CRP values were non-normally distributed and logarithmically transformed for statistical analyses. RESULTS BMI, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, and CRP were significantly higher than in the general population. Anthropometric indices that included height (BMI, waist-to-height ratio, and sagittal diameter-to-height ratio), were most predictive of CRP values. CONCLUSIONS Abdominal obesity is prevalent in commercial vehicle drivers and is an important indicator of the presence of inflammation in this population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:665-675, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology; UNC Greensboro; Greensboro North Carolina
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Labban
- Office of Research; Health and Human Sciences, UNC Greensboro; Greensboro North Carolina
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12
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Oberlin DJ, Fecych M, Murray C, Vervaecke L, Bocchine A, Christopher P, Morrison R, Wideman L, Beverly L, Starnes J. Endurance Training And Mct Changes In The Ventromedial Hypothalamus. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000487562.66276.be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Bocchine AJ, Fecych MC, Oberlin DJ, Vervaecke L, Murray C, Christopher P, Lee Beverly J, Starnes JW, Etnier JL. Chronic Exercise And Protein-content Of A Single Meal Influence Hippocampal-dependent Learning. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486269.11048.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Eifert EK, Wideman L, Oberlin DJ, Labban J. The relationship between physical activity and perceived health status in older women: findings from the Woman's College Alumni Study. J Women Aging 2015; 26:305-18. [PMID: 25133943 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2014.906878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Using data collected from the Woman's College (WC) Alumni Study, the purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived health status is related to physical activity in older women. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between amounts of physical activity and self-reported health status. The results of the current study reveal that the level of physical activity is significantly correlated with perceived health status. The findings of this study have implications for the assessment of older individuals' health and may lead to interventions that are tailored to increase physical activity among older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K Eifert
- a Department of Public Health Education , University of North Carolina at Greensboro , Greensboro , NC
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15
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Jiang J, Boyle LJ, Mikus CR, Oberlin DJ, Fletcher JA, Thyfault JP, Hinton PS. The effects of improved metabolic risk factors on bone turnover markers after 12 weeks of simvastatin treatment with or without exercise. Metabolism 2014; 63:1398-408. [PMID: 25151031 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence supports an association between metabolic risk factors and bone turnover. Statins and exercise independently improve metabolic risk factors; however whether improvements in metabolic risk factor affects bone turnover is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to: 1) evaluate the relationship between metabolic risk factors and bone turnover; and 2) determine if improvements in metabolic risk factors after 12 weeks of statin treatment, exercise or the combination affect bone turnover. METHODS Fifty participants with ≥2 metabolic syndrome defining characteristics were randomly assigned to one of three groups: statin (STAT: simvastatin, 40 mg/day), exercise (EX: brisk walking and/or slow jogging, 45 minutes/day, 5 days/week), or the combination (STAT+EX). Body composition and whole body bone mineral density were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum markers of bone formation (bone specific alkaline phosphatase, BAP; osteocalcin, OC), resorption (C-terminal peptide of type I collagen, CTX) and metabolic risk factors were determined. Two-factor (time, group) repeated-measures ANCOVA was used to examine changes of metabolic risk factors and bone turnover. General linear models were used to determine the effect of pre-treatment metabolic risk factors on post-treatment bone turnover marker outcomes. RESULTS Participants with ≥4 metabolic syndrome defining characteristics had lower pre-treatment OC than those with 3 or fewer. OC was negatively correlated with glucose, and CTX was positively correlated with cholesterol. STAT or STAT+EX lowered total and LDL cholesterol. The OC to CTX ratio decreased in all groups with no other significant changes in bone turnover. Higher pre-treatment insulin or body fat predicted a greater CTX reduction and a greater BAP/CTX increase. CONCLUSION Metabolic risk factors were negatively associated with bone turnover markers. Short-term statin treatment with or without exercise lowered cholesterol and all treatments had a small effect on bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, 65211
| | - Leryn J Boyle
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, 65211
| | - Catherine R Mikus
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, 65211
| | - Douglas J Oberlin
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, 65211
| | - Justin A Fletcher
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, 65211
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, 65211
| | - Pamela S Hinton
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA, 65211.
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Mikus CR, Roseguini BT, Uptergrove GM, Morris EM, Rector RS, Libla JL, Oberlin DJ, Borengasser SJ, Taylor AM, Ibdah JA, Laughlin MH, Thyfault JP. Voluntary wheel running selectively augments insulin-stimulated vasodilation in arterioles from white skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant rats. Microcirculation 2013; 19:729-38. [PMID: 22804760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2012.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise (RUN) prevents declines in insulin-mediated vasodilation, an important component of insulin-mediated glucose disposal, in rats prone to obesity and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE Determine whether RUN (1) improves insulin-stimulated vasodilation after insulin resistance has been established, and (2) differentially affects arterioles from red and white muscle. METHODS Insulin signaling and vasoreactivity to insulin (1-1000 μIU/mL) were assessed in 2A from the Gw and Gr of SED OLETF rats at 12 and 20 weeks of age (SED12, SED20) and those undergoing RUN (RUN20) or caloric restriction (CR20; to match body weight of RUN) from 12 to 20 weeks. RESULTS Glucose and insulin responses to i.p. glucose were reduced in RUN20, elevated in SED20 (p < 0.05 vs. SED12), and maintained in CR20. Insulin-stimulated vasodilation was greater in Gw but not Gr, 2As of RUN20 (p < 0.01 vs. all groups), and was improved by ET-1 receptor inhibition in Gw 2As from SED20 and CR20 (p < 0.05). There were no differences in microvascular insulin signaling among groups or muscle beds. CONCLUSIONS RUN selectively improved insulin-mediated vasodilation in Gw 2As, in part through attenuated ET-1 sensitivity/production, an adaptation that was independent of changes in adiposity and may contribute to enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Mikus
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Mikus CR, Boyle LJ, Borengasser SJ, Oberlin DJ, Naples SP, Fletcher J, Meers GM, Ruebel M, Laughlin MH, Dellsperger KC, Fadel PJ, Thyfault JP. Simvastatin impairs exercise training adaptations. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:709-14. [PMID: 23583255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine if simvastatin impairs exercise training adaptations. BACKGROUND Statins are commonly prescribed in combination with therapeutic lifestyle changes, including exercise, to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in patients with metabolic syndrome. Statin use has been linked to skeletal muscle myopathy and impaired mitochondrial function, but it is unclear whether statin use alters adaptations to exercise training. METHODS This study examined the effects of simvastatin on changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in response to aerobic exercise training. Sedentary overweight or obese adults with at least 2 metabolic syndrome risk factors (defined according to National Cholesterol Education Panel Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) were randomized to 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training or to exercise in combination with simvastatin (40 mg/day). The primary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) mitochondrial content (citrate synthase enzyme activity). RESULTS Thirty-seven participants (exercise plus statins: n = 18; exercise only: n = 19) completed the study. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased by 10% (p < 0.05) in response to exercise training alone, but was blunted by the addition of simvastatin resulting in only a 1.5% increase (p < 0.005 for group by time interaction). Similarly, skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity increased by 13% in the exercise-only group (p < 0.05), but decreased by 4.5% in the simvastatin-plus-exercise group (p < 0.05 for group-by-time interaction). CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin attenuates increases in cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content when combined with exercise training in overweight or obese patients at risk of the metabolic syndrome. (Exercise, Statins, and the Metabolic Syndrome; NCT01700530).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Mikus
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Mikus CR, Oberlin DJ, Libla JL, Taylor AM, Booth FW, Thyfault JP. Lowering physical activity impairs glycemic control in healthy volunteers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44:225-31. [PMID: 21716152 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31822ac0c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postprandial glucose (PPG) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and death, regardless of diabetes status. Whereas changes in physical activity produce changes in insulin sensitivity, it is not clear whether changes in daily physical activity directly affect PPG in healthy free-living persons. METHODS We used continuous glucose monitors to measure PPG and PPG excursions (ΔPPG, postmeal - premeal blood glucose) at 30-min increments after meals in healthy habitually active volunteers (n = 12, age = 29 ± 1 yr, body mass index = 23.6 ± 0.9 kg·m(-2), VO2max = 53.6 ± 3.0 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) during 3 d of habitual (≥10,000 steps per day) and reduced (<5000 steps per day) physical activity. Diets were standardized across monitoring periods, and fasting-state oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed on the fourth day of each monitoring period. RESULTS During 3 d of reduced physical activity (12,956 ± 769 to 4319 ± 256 steps per day), PPG increased at 30 and 60 min after a meal (6.31 ± 0.19 to 6.68 ± 0.23 mmol·L(-1) and 5.75 ± 0.16 to 6.26 ± 0.28 mmol·L(-1), P < 0.05 relative to corresponding active time point), and ΔPPG increased by 42%, 97%, and 33% at 30, 60, and 90 min after a meal, respectively (P < 0.05). Insulin and C-peptide responses to the OGTT increased after 3 d of reduced activity (P < 0.05), and the glucose response to the OGTT did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS Thus, despite evidence of compensatory increases in plasma insulin during an OGTT, ΔPPG assessed by continuous glucose monitoring systems increased markedly during 3 d of reduced physical activity in otherwise healthy free-living individuals. These data indicate that daily physical activity is an important mediator of glycemic control, even among healthy individuals, and reinforce the utility of physical activity in preventing pathologies associated with elevated PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Mikus
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Mikus CR, Oberlin DJ, Libla J, Boyle LJ, Thyfault JP. Glycaemic control is improved by 7 days of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1417-23. [PMID: 22311420 PMCID: PMC4500040 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Cardiovascular events and death are better predicted by postprandial glucose (PPG) than by fasting blood glucose or HbA(1c). While chronic exercise reduces HbA(1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes, short-term exercise improves measures of insulin sensitivity but does not consistently alter responses to the OGTT. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short-term exercise training improves PPG and glycaemic control in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes, independently of the changes in fitness, adiposity and energy balance often associated with chronic exercise training. METHODS Using continuous glucose monitors, PPG was quantified in previously sedentary patients with type 2 diabetes not using exogenous insulin (n = 13, age 53 ± 2 years, HbA(1c) 6.6 ± 0.2% (49.1 ± 1.9 mmol/mol)) during 3 days of habitual activity and during the final 3 days of a 7 day aerobic exercise training programme (7D-EX) which does not elicit measurable changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or body composition. Diet was standardised across monitoring periods, with modifications during 7D-EX to offset increases in energy expenditure. OGTTs were performed on the morning following each monitoring period. RESULTS 7D-EX attenuated PPG (p < 0.05) as well as the frequency, magnitude and duration of glycaemic excursions (p < 0.05). Conversely, average 24 h blood glucose did not change, nor did glucose, insulin or C-peptide responses to the OGTT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION 7D-EX attenuated glycaemic variability and PPG in free-living patients with type 2 diabetes but did not significantly alter responses to the laboratory-based OGTT. These effects appeared to be independent of changes in fitness, body composition or energy balance. ClinicalTrials.gov numbers: NCT00954109 and NCT00972452. FUNDING This project was funded by the University of Missouri Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CRM), NIH grant T32 AR-048523 (CRM), Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation (JPT). Medtronic supplied CGMS sensors at a discounted rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Mikus
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, 10A McKee, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Mikus CR, Fairfax ST, Libla JL, Boyle LJ, Vianna LC, Oberlin DJ, Uptergrove GM, Deo SH, Kim A, Kanaley JA, Fadel PJ, Thyfault JP. Seven days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:657-64. [PMID: 21737826 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00489.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasodilatory effects of insulin account for up to 40% of insulin-mediated glucose disposal; however, insulin-stimulated vasodilation is impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes, limiting perfusion and delivery of glucose and insulin to target tissues. To determine whether exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion, a stimulus for increasing circulating insulin, we assessed femoral blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose) in 11 overweight or obese (body mass index, 34 ± 1 kg/m²), sedentary (peak oxygen consumption, 23 ± 1 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) individuals (53 ± 2 yr) with non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes (HbA1c, 6.63 ± 0.18%) before and after 7 days of supervised treadmill and cycling exercise (60 min/day, 60-75% heart rate reserve). Fasting glucose, insulin, and FBF were not significantly different after 7 days of exercise, nor were glucose or insulin responses to the OGTT. However, estimates of whole body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index) increased (P < 0.05). Before exercise training, FBF did not change significantly during the OGTT (1 ± 7, -7 ± 5, 0 ± 6, and 0 ± 5% of fasting FBF at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively). In contrast, after exercise training, FBF increased by 33 ± 9, 39 ± 14, 34 ± 7, and 48 ± 18% above fasting levels at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively (P < 0.05 vs. corresponding preexercise time points). Additionally, postprandial glucose responses to a standardized breakfast meal consumed under "free-living" conditions decreased during the final 3 days of exercise (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 7 days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow during an OGTT in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Mikus
- Dept. of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Mikus CR, Libla JL, Oberlin DJ, Boyle LJ, Thyfault JP. Aerobic Exercise Rapidly Improves Postprandial Glycemia in Free-living Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000400971.42609.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Boyle LJ, Mikus CR, Libla JL, Oberlin DJ, Fadel PJ, Thyfault JP. GIP and GLP Responses to a Glucose Challenge after Seven Days of Exercise Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389431.31761.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mikus CR, Fairfax ST, Boyle LJ, Vianna L, Oberlin DJ, Deo SH, Kim A, Kanaley JA, Fadel PJ, Thyfault JP. Seven Days of Aerobic Exercise Improves Hyperemic Responses to Glucose Ingestion in Patients with T2DM. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000389556.14659.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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