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Weigert M, Li Y, Zhu L, Eckart H, Bajwa P, Krishnan R, Ackroyd S, Lastra RR, Bilecz A, Basu A, Lengyel E, Chen M. A Cellular atlas of the human fallopian tube reveals the metamorphosis of secretory epithelial cells during the menstrual cycle and menopause. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.22.23298470. [PMID: 38045369 PMCID: PMC10690352 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.23298470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The fallopian tube, connecting the uterus with the ovary, is a dynamic organ that undergoes cyclical changes and is the site of several diseases, including serous cancer. Here, we use single-cell technologies to construct a comprehensive cell map of healthy pre-menopausal fallopian tubes, capturing the impact of the menstrual cycle and menopause on different fallopian tube cells at the molecular level. The comparative analysis between pre- and post-menopausal fallopian tubes reveals substantial shifts in cellular abundance and gene expression patterns, highlighting the physiological changes associated with menopause. Further investigations into menstrual cycle phases illuminate distinct molecular states in secretory epithelial cells caused by hormonal fluctuations. The markers we identified characterizing secretory epithelial cells provide a valuable tool for classifying ovarian cancer subtypes. Graphical summary Graphical summary of results. During the proliferative phase (estrogen high ) of the menstrual cycle, SE2 cells (OVGP1 + ) dominate the fallopian tube (FT) epithelium, while SE1 cells (OVGP1 - ) dominate the epithelium during the secretory phase. Though estrogen levels decrease during menopause, SE post-cells (OVGP1 + , CXCL2 + ) make up most of the FT epithelium.
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Dóczi R, Tihanyi D, Filotas P, Dirner A, Pálházi B, Várkondi E, Farkas Z, Deri J, Lengyel E, Hegedus C, Petak I. Analysis of molecular profile complexities for immunotherapy decision support. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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3
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Petak I, Hegedus C, Várkondi E, Farkas Z, Tihanyi D, Dóczi R, Mathiasz D, Lengyel E, Pajkos G, Schwab R, Deri J, Vályi-Nagy I. Introducing standardized medical procedure and dynamic decision support program in precision oncology for the community of practice. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz263.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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4
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Stock E, Lengyel E. Early postoperative increases in platelet count is associated with trend towards improved survival in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.03.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Lazo I, Mukherjee A, Kenny H, Fan S, Blaženović I, Fiehn O, Lengyel E. Profiling the metabolomic composition of the ovarian cancer secretome and ovarian cancer-induced metabolomic changes in mesothelial cells. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Javellana M, Cowan M, Hoppenot C, Yamada S, Brooks R, Lengyel E. Heterogeneity of operative approach in long-term survivors of high-grade serous carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Cowan M, Kochheiser M, Xiao E, Lengyel E, Weipert C, Olopade O, Yamada S, Romero I. Diverse indications for risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: Experience from a tertiary care center. Gynecol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Alsaden I, Ross J, Fleming G, Liao C, Johnson A, Lengyel E, Yamada S. Predictors of Early Recurrence in Advanced Stage, Optimally Debulked Ovarian Cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Coscia F, Watters KM, Curtis M, Eckert MA, Chiang CY, Tyanova S, Montag A, Lastra RR, Lengyel E, Mann M. Integrative proteomic profiling of ovarian cancer cell lines reveals precursor cell associated proteins and functional status. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12645. [PMID: 27561551 PMCID: PMC5007461 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell line representative of human high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) should not only resemble its tumour of origin at the molecular level, but also demonstrate functional utility in pre-clinical investigations. Here, we report the integrated proteomic analysis of 26 ovarian cancer cell lines, HGSOC tumours, immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells and fallopian tube epithelial cells via a single-run mass spectrometric workflow. The in-depth quantification of >10,000 proteins results in three distinct cell line categories: epithelial (group I), clear cell (group II) and mesenchymal (group III). We identify a 67-protein cell line signature, which separates our entire proteomic data set, as well as a confirmatory publicly available CPTAC/TCGA tumour proteome data set, into a predominantly epithelial and mesenchymal HGSOC tumour cluster. This proteomics-based epithelial/mesenchymal stratification of cell lines and human tumours indicates a possible origin of HGSOC either from the fallopian tube or from the ovarian surface epithelium. High-grade serous ovarian cancer is the most common and aggressive ovarian cancer, with uncertain cell of origin. Here, the authors undertake a mass spectrometric analysis of 26 cancer cell lines and identify a protein signature that classifies ovarian cancer tissues into epithelial and mesenchymal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coscia
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - K M Watters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Curtis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M A Eckert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C Y Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Tyanova
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - A Montag
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R R Lastra
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - E Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Fehniger J, Jewell A, Shea K, Lee P, Stewart C, Liao C, Lengyel E, Yamada S. Ovarian cancer patients treated with intraperitoneal/intravenous chemotherapy do not experience increased toxicity at recurrence. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jewell A, Fehniger J, Stewart C, Lengyel E, Yamada S. Subsequent chemotherapy is well tolerated in patients who underwent primary adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy for ovarian, fallopian and primary peritoneal cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Fehniger J, Thomas S, Liao C, Lengyel E, Tenney M, Oto A, Yamada S. A prospective study to evaluate diffusion weighted MRI imaging in the detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis in suspected gynecologic malignancies. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mitra AK, Chiang CY, Tiwari P, Peter ME, Lengyel E. Abstract AS23: Microenvironment mediated downregulation of miR-193b promotes ovarian cancer metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovcasymp14-as23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The cross-talk between ovarian cancer cells with the microenvironment of the site of metastasis is an essential determinant of successful metastatic colonization. microRNAs have been well established to play critical roles in various stages of cancer progression, including metastasis. However, the role of the signals from the microenvironment in regulating key microRNAs in metastasizing cancer cells has not been studied. Using a 3D culture model mimicking the human omentum, one of the principal sites of ovarian cancer metastasis, we have identified the microenvironment-induced downregulation of a tumor suppressor microRNA miR-193b in the metastasizing ovarian cancer cells. The direct interaction of the ovarian cancer cells with the mesothelial cells covering the surface of the omentum caused DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mediated methylation and decreased expression of miR-193b. The reduction in miR-193b enabled the metastasizing cancer cells to invade and proliferate in the omentum both in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer metastasis. The functional effects of miR-193b were mediated at least partly through the concomitant increased expression of its target urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Our findings link paracrine signals from the microenvironment with the regulation of a key microRNA in cancer cells that is essential for the initial steps of ovarian cancer metastatic colonization. Targeting miR-193b would be a promising approach to treat ovarian cancer metastasis.
Citation Format: AK Mitra, CY Chiang, P Tiwari, ME Peter, E Lengyel. Microenvironment mediated downregulation of miR-193b promotes ovarian cancer metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(16 Suppl):Abstract nr AS23.
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Affiliation(s)
- AK Mitra
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- 3Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - CY Chiang
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - P Tiwari
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - ME Peter
- 2Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago
| | - E Lengyel
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology – Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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14
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Mills K, Becker M, Febbraro T, Litchfield L, Lengyel E, Haluska P, Romero I. Advancing metformin as a metabolic therapeutic for ovarian cancer: Testing in non-diabetic patient-derived xenograft avatars. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Mitra AK, Chiang CY, Tiwari P, Tomar S, Watters KM, Peter ME, Lengyel E. Microenvironment-induced downregulation of miR-193b drives ovarian cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2015; 34:5923-32. [PMID: 25798837 PMCID: PMC4580483 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells and the metastatic microenvironment is an essential determinant of successful colonization. Micro(mi)RNAs play several critical roles during metastasis; however, the role of microenvironmental cues in the regulation of miRNAs in metastasizing cancer cells has not been studied. Using a 3D culture model that mimics the human omentum, one of the principal sites of OvCa metastasis, we identified and characterized the microenvironment-induced downregulation of a tumor suppressor miRNA, miR-193b, in metastasizing OvCa cells. The direct interaction of the OvCa cells with mesothelial cells, which cover the surface of the omentum, caused a DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) mediated decrease in the expression of miR-193b. The reduction in miR-193b enabled the metastasizing cancer cells to invade and proliferate into human omental pieces ex vivo and into the omentum of a mouse xenograft model of OvCa metastasis. The functional effects of miR-193b were mediated, in large part, by the concomitant increased expression of its target, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a known tumor-associated protease. These findings link paracrine signals from the microenvironment with the regulation of a key miRNA that is essential for the initial steps of OvCa metastatic colonization. Targeting miR-193b could prove effective in the treatment of OvCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mitra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - C Y Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Tiwari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Tomar
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - K M Watters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology - Center for Integrative Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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King ML, Lindberg ME, Stodden GR, Okuda H, Ebers SD, Johnson A, Montag A, Lengyel E, MacLean Ii JA, Hayashi K. WNT7A/β-catenin signaling induces FGF1 and influences sensitivity to niclosamide in ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:3452-62. [PMID: 25174399 PMCID: PMC4345161 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously characterized the link between WNT7A and the progression of ovarian cancer. Other groups have identified FGF1 as a relevant risk factor in ovarian cancer. Here, we show a linkage between these two signaling pathways that may be exploited to improve treatment and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. High expression of WNT7A and FGF1 are correlated in ovarian carcinomas and poor overall patient survival. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that WNT7A/β-catenin signaling directly regulates FGF1 expression via TCF binding elements in the FGF1-1C promoter locus. In vitro gene manipulation studies revealed that FGF1 is sufficient to drive the tumor promoting effects of WNT7A. In vivo xenograft studies confirmed that the stable overexpression of WNT7A or FGF1 induced a significant increase in tumor incidence, while FGF1 knockdown in WNT7A overexpressing cells caused a significant reduction in tumor size. Niclosamide most efficiently abrogated WNT7A/β-catenin signaling in our model, inhibited β-catenin transcriptional activity and cell viability, and increased cell death. Furthermore, niclosamide decreased cell migration following an increase in E-cadherin subsequent to decreased levels of SLUG. The effects of niclosamide on cell functions were more potent in WNT7A overexpressing cells. Oral niclosamide inhibited tumor growth and progression in an intraperitoneal xenograft mouse model representative of human ovarian cancer. Collectively, these results indicate that FGF1 is a direct downstream target of WNT7A/β-catenin signaling and this pathway has potential as a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Moreover, niclosamide is a promising inhibitor of this pathway and may have clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L King
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M E Lindberg
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - G R Stodden
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - H Okuda
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S D Ebers
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - A Johnson
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Montag
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Lengyel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J A MacLean Ii
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - K Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
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Jewell A, Watters K, Mitra A, Bao R, Chiang C, Curtis M, Andrade J, Yamada D, Lengyel E. MicroRNA 206 is associated with longer overall survival and platinum sensitivity in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lengyel E, Tiwari P, Chiang C, Zhang Y, Mitra A. Regulation of ovarian cancer metastatic colonization by MIR-193B. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Jewell A, Mitra A, Chiang C, Yamada S, Lengyel E. Identifying the microrna expression signature associated with chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lengyel E, Burdette JE, Kenny HA, Matei D, Pilrose J, Haluska P, Nephew KP, Hales DB, Stack MS. Epithelial ovarian cancer experimental models. Oncogene 2013; 33:3619-33. [PMID: 23934194 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) is associated with high mortality and, as the majority (>75%) of women with OvCa have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, rates of survival have not changed appreciably over 30 years. A mechanistic understanding of OvCa initiation and progression is hindered by the complexity of genetic and/or environmental initiating events and lack of clarity regarding the cell(s) or tissue(s) of origin. Metastasis of OvCa involves direct extension or exfoliation of cells and cellular aggregates into the peritoneal cavity, survival of matrix-detached cells in a complex ascites fluid phase and subsequent adhesion to the mesothelium lining covering abdominal organs to establish secondary lesions containing host stromal and inflammatory components. Development of experimental models to recapitulate this unique mechanism of metastasis presents a remarkable scientific challenge, and many approaches used to study other solid tumors (for example, lung, colon and breast) are not transferable to OvCa research given the distinct metastasis pattern and unique tumor microenvironment (TME). This review will discuss recent progress in the development and refinement of experimental models to study OvCa. Novel cellular, three-dimensional organotypic, and ex vivo models are considered and the current in vivo models summarized. The review critically evaluates currently available genetic mouse models of OvCa, the emergence of xenopatients and the utility of the hen model to study OvCa prevention, tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance. As these new approaches more accurately recapitulate the complex TME, it is predicted that new opportunities for enhanced understanding of disease progression, metastasis and therapeutic response will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lengyel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois/Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H A Kenny
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Matei
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J Pilrose
- Medical Sciences, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - P Haluska
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K P Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - D B Hales
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M S Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
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Yamada S, Lengyel E, Tenney M, Thomas S, Oto A. A prospective study to evaluate diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) imaging in the detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hunn J, Tenney M, Bishop E, Moore K, Tergas A, Lengyel E, Lee N, Yamada S. Utility of routine surveillance methods in detecting recurrence in high grade endometrial cancer patients. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Romero I, Bradaric M, Lee W, Penicka C, Mitra A, Lengyel E. Metformin: A novel agent for ovarian cancer prevention and adjuvant treatment. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lengyel E, Nicklas M, Jeevan HS, Geibel C, Steglich F. Pressure tuning of the interplay of magnetism and superconductivity in CeCu2Si2. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:057001. [PMID: 21867090 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.057001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We carried out specific-heat and ac-susceptibility experiments under hydrostatic pressure to investigate the interplay of spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism (A) and superconductivity (S) in single-crystalline AS-type CeCu(2)Si(2). We find evidence for a line of magnetic-field- and pressure-tuned quantum critical points in the normal state in the zero-temperature magnetic field-pressure plane. Our analysis suggests an extension of this line into the superconducting state and corroborates the close connection of the underlying mechanisms leading to the formation of the antiferromagnetic and the superconducting states in AS-type CeCu(2)Si(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lengyel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
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Vergote IB, Colombo N, Kutarska E, Del Campo J, Pippitt C, Casado A, Lengyel E, Gilder K, Ho S, Schilder RJ. Phase II study comparing volociximab (an antiangiogenic antibody) and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) with PLD alone in recurrent ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5560 Background: Volociximab (V), a chimeric monoclonal antibody with direct antitumor effects, blocks α5β1 binding to fibronectin and induces apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells. A Phase I/II study was performed to evaluate PLD with/without V in patients (pts) with recurrent ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer that relapsed after platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy (maximum 2 prior lines). Methods: A 3-arm adaptive randomization design compared efficacy and safety of PLD (40 mg/m2 q4wk) + V (15 mg/kg q2wk or qwk) vs. PLD alone. Pts were stratified by platinum sensitivity and received treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic effects were also evaluated. Results: There were 6 iterations of adaptive randomization based on accumulating PFS data. 127 pts were randomized: 66 in Group A (PLD), 34 in Group B (PLD+V [q2wk]), and 27 in Group C (PLD+V [qwk]). The incidence of AEs was balanced across treatment groups. The most common Grade 3/4 AEs (≥5% in any group) were abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, ascites, fatigue, hypoalbuminemia, and cytopenias. Based on preclinical data, therapeutic levels of V were maintained during treatment, and V did not appear to alter the PK of PLD. Response rates were comparable across groups. There were no CRs; PRs were 16%, 18%, and 19%. The median PFS estimates were 193, 164, and 221 days. Conclusions: The safety profile of V+PLD appeared similar to PLD alone. Preliminary analysis of PFS suggested that there was a low probability of detecting a statistically significant difference in favor of V+PLD, so the study was closed to enrollment. Analyses correlating PFS with platinum sensitivity and α5β1 tumor expression are ongoing. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- I. B. Vergote
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - N. Colombo
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E. Kutarska
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J. Del Campo
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - C. Pippitt
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A. Casado
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E. Lengyel
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K. Gilder
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S. Ho
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - R. J. Schilder
- University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Instituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy; Oddzial Ginekologii Onkologicznej, Lublin, Poland; Hospital General Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Piedmont Hematology Oncology Associates, Winston-Salem, NC; Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL; Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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Onujiogu N, Lengyel E, Yamada S. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome following intravenous paclitaxel and intraperitoneal cisplatin chemotherapy for fallopian tube cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2008; 111:537-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Temkin SM, Lengyel E, Tergas A, Terplan M. Ovarian cancer treatment in black and white women: A comparison of clinico-pathologic factors and outcome. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.16531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lindemann K, Resau J, Nährig J, Kort E, Leeser B, Annecke K, Welk A, Schäfer J, Vande Woude GF, Lengyel E, Harbeck N. Differential expression of c-Met, its ligand HGF/SF and HER2/neu in DCIS and adjacent normal breast tissue. Histopathology 2007; 51:54-62. [PMID: 17593080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Tyrosine kinase receptors Her2/neu and c-Met play an important role in breast cancer development and progression. Our aim was to determine the expression of c-Met, its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and Her2/neu in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions of the breast (n = 39) by two different immunocytochemical techniques, classical immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and to correlate their expression levels with histopathological and clinical characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS Both methods revealed similar c-Met staining patterns in both the in situ component and the adjacent normal tissue (P < 0.001). However, an imbalance in c-Met expression between tumour and surrounding normal tissue was correlated with high-grade DCIS (Van Nuys Grade 3). No correlation existed between Her2/neu and c-Met expression. High HGF/SF immunoreactivity was observed in 43.6% of the cases, yet the adjacent cellular stroma revealed only low levels of HGF/SF. No correlation existed between c-Met, Her2/neu or HGF/SF expression and clinicopathological factors. CONCLUSION An imbalance in c-Met expression between tumour and surrounding normal tissue is associated with an aggressive DCIS phenotype. Moreover, c-Met and HGF/SF may contribute to tumour development by different means than those controlled by Her2/neu.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lindemann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Technical University, Munich, Germany
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Adams SF, Hickson JA, Hutto JY, Montag AG, Lengyel E, Yamada SD. PDGFR-α as a potential therapeutic target in uterine sarcomas. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 104:524-8. [PMID: 17049587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uterine sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors with a propensity for metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy. Recent success in the treatment of other solid tumors with the targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate offers new avenues for investigation. The primary target of imatinib is c-kit, but the drug also inhibits PDGFR-alpha and PDGFR-beta. Given the lack of identified molecular targets in endometrial stromal sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and carcinosarcomas, the purpose of this study was to determine the protein expression of c-kit, PDGFR-alpha, and PDGFR-beta in these tumors as a preliminary step to determining their susceptibility to directed therapy. A secondary goal was to identify specific gene mutations that might be associated with activation of these proteins in uterine sarcomas. METHODS Archived tissue from 42 cases of uterine sarcomas was stained for c-kit, PDGFR-alpha, and PDGFR-beta using immunohistochemistry. Laser-capture microdissected samples of uterine carcinosarcomas, or homogeneous areas of leiomyosarcomas or endometrial stromal sarcomas, were subjected to genetic analysis of PDGFR-alpha exons 12 and 18. RESULTS The majority (38/42, 90%) of uterine sarcomas lacked c-kit expression and 90% (38/42) demonstrated negative or weak staining for PDGFR-beta. In contrast, 70% (30/42) of cases had strong staining for PDGFR-alpha in the tumor but not in normal myometrium or endometrium. Sequencing results revealed no mutations in exons 12 or 18 of PDGFR-alpha. CONCLUSION c-kit and PDGFR-beta are unlikely to represent primary treatment targets in uterine sarcomas. The strong expression of PDGFR-alpha in uterine sarcoma specimens suggests a role for this receptor in tumor development, although its potential as a therapeutic target requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Adams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Szavcsur P, Godény M, Bajzik G, Lengyel E, Repa I, Trón L, Boér A, Vincze B, Póti Z, Szabolcs I, Esik O. Angiography-proven liver metastases explain low efficacy of lymph node dissections in medullary thyroid cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31:183-90. [PMID: 15698736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2004.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To report the role of liver angiography in the staging of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty MTC patients with persistent or recurrent hypercalcitonemia (n=49), a characteristic general symptom (diarrhea, n=4) or a normal basal calcitonin level without general symptoms (n=7) were investigated by dynamic liver CT, MRI and angiography between 06/1998 and 06/2002. RESULTS Dual-phase CT and MRI investigations identified hepatic metastases with relatively low frequency (8/58 on MRI, and 7/60 on CT). Angiography indicated liver involvement in 54/60 cases. The hepatic metastases were typically multiple, hypervascular, small foci (only 13 foci measured >/=10 mm). With one exception significant disease progression was not observed over 5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Liver angiography is a powerful tool to reveal hepatic metastases in MTC patients. Frequent, inoperable liver metastases in hypercalcitoninemic MTC patients demonstrate that secondary lymph node dissection is an inefficient technique for restoration of a normal calcitonin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Szavcsur
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Esik O, Lengyel Z, Sáfrány G, Vönöczky K, Agoston P, Székely J, Lengyel E, Márián T, Trón L, Bodrogi I. A PET study on the characterization of partially reversible radiogenic lower motor neurone disease. Spinal Cord 2002; 40:468-73. [PMID: 12185608 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pathomechanism of the rare radiogenic lower motor neurone disease (LMND) on the basis of a case history involving a partial functional recovery. PATIENT A 31-year-old seminoma patient received postoperative para-aortic and para-iliac telecobalt irradiation with a biologically effective dose of 88 Gy(2) (44 Gy in 2 Gy fractions/day, with an estimated alpha/beta of 2 Gy) delivered to the spinal cord following a single cycle of chemotherapy. LMND developed 4 months after the completion of radiotherapy. The patient exhibited flaccid paraparesis of the lower extremities (without sensory or vegetative signs), followed by a worsening after further chemotherapy, due to pulmonary metastatization. A gradual spontaneous functional improvement commenced and led several years later to a stabilized state involving moderately severe symptoms. METHODS In the 15th year of the clinical course, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and [(11)C] methionine were conducted. Four lines of experiments (clonogenic assay using fibroblasts isolated from a skin biopsy sample of the patient, comet assay, micronucleus assay, and the testing of chromosome aberrations after in vitro irradiation of peripheral blood samples) were performed in a search for an increased individual radiosensitivity. RESULTS MRI investigations failed to reveal any pathological change. PET demonstrated an increased FDG accumulation, but a negligible [(11)C] methionine uptake in the irradiated spinal cord segments. The radiobiological investigations did not indicate any sign of an increased individual radiosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the observed partial functional recovery and stabilization of the symptoms of radiogenic LMND may be explained by the higher than normal density of sodium channels expressed along the demyelinated axons of the restored conduction. The increased energy demands of this type of conduction are proved by a higher metabolic rate (increased FDG uptake) of the irradiated spinal cord segments without a substantial regenerative process (lack of detectable protein synthesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Esik
- Department of Radiotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, and Department of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0875, USA
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Lengyel E, Schmalfeldt B, Konik E, Späthe K, Härting K, Fenn A, Berger U, Fridman R, Schmitt M, Prechtel D, Kuhn W. Expression of latent matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) predicts survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 82:291-8. [PMID: 11531282 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are frequently expressed in malignant tumors and play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression has been correlated with poor survival in some tumors, but data for ovarian cancer are lacking, despite clinical trials with MMP inhibitors. The aim of this study was to assess activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and correlate it to prognosis in ovarian cancer. METHODS MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity was analyzed in 84 patients with advanced ovarian cancer FIGO stage III and 19 benign ovarian tumors by gelatin zymography. MMP-9 immunoreactivity was detected by immunohistochemistry and gelatinolytic activity was localized in ovarian cancer tissue by in situ zymography. RESULTS were correlated with patient survival, with a median follow-up period of 55 months. Results. Median pro-MMP-9 activity was at 0.00 U/microg protein in benign ovarian tissues and 4.82 U/microg protein in ovarian cancer (P = 0.001); activated MMP-9 was not detected. Pro-MMP-2 expression in benign ovarian tissue did not differ from that of malignant ovarian tissue, whereas active MMP-2 was present in 52% of ovarian cancers, but absent in benign ovarian tissues. Analyzing all patients high pro-MMP-9 activity was associated with short overall survival (P = 0.019) while pro-MMP-2 and activated MMP-2 did not predict overall survival. When analyzing the subgroups of patients with and without residual tumor mass at the time of surgery, pro-MMP-9 was of prognostic value only in the subgroup of patients with no residual tumor mass. In univariate analysis pro-MMP-9 activity, residual tumor mass, age, ascites volume, and grading were of prognostic significance for overall survival. However, in multivariate analyses, including all biological and clinicopathologic variables, only pro-MMP-9 and residual disease remained statistically independent prognostic factors. In situ zymography localized gelatinolytic activity predominantly to the tumor cell nests displaying MMP-9 immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS Pro-MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity, but not active MMP-2 or MMP-9, serves as a useful statistically independent prognostic factor in ovarian cancer FIGO stage III, thus helping to identify ovarian cancer patients with an aggressive form of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Munich, D-81675, Germany.
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Schmalfeldt B, Prechtel D, Härting K, Späthe K, Rutke S, Konik E, Fridman R, Berger U, Schmitt M, Kuhn W, Lengyel E. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator is associated with progression from benign to advanced ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2001; 7:2396-404. [PMID: 11489818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are linked to the malignant phenotype of different solid tumors. Therefore, the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and of the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in the progression of ovarian cancer was investigated. Gelatinolytic activity and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed in tissue extracts of 19 cystadenomas and 18 low malignant potential (LMP) tumors, as well as 41 primary tumors of advanced ovarian cancer stage International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics IIIc/IV and their corresponding omentum metastases by quantitative gelatin zymography and Western blot. In the same tissue extracts, antigen levels of uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 were determined by ELISA. Protein expression of pro-MMP-2 (72 kDa) and pro-MMP-9 (92 kDa as well as antigen levels of uPA and PAI-1 were low in benign ovarian tumors but increased significantly from LMP tumors to advanced ovarian cancers. The highest values of all of the proteolytic factors were detected in omentum metastases. Active MMP-2 enzyme (62 kDa) was detected only in ovarian cancer (66%) and corresponding metastases (93%) but never in benign or LMP tumors. The activation rate of MMP-2 to its active isoform was higher in the metastases. Comparing both proteolytic systems, higher PAI-1 concentrations were consistently found in cancers with high pro-MMP-9 expression. These data indicate that members of the plasminogen activator system, as well as the metalloproteinases MMP-2/9, increase with growing malignant potential of ovarian tumors. These findings are of particular relevance to the development of protease inhibitors as new therapeutic approaches in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schmalfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Gerhard M, Neumayer N, Presecan-Siedel E, Zanner R, Lengyel E, Cramer T, Höcker M, Prinz C. Gastrin induces expression and promoter activity of the vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2. Endocrinology 2001; 142:3663-72. [PMID: 11459816 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.8.8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastric enterochromaffin-like cells produce histamine in response to the antral hormone gastrin and accumulate the biogenic amine in secretory organelles via vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2. The putative effects of gastrin on vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2 expression and promoter activity are poorly understood. In the present study we used highly enriched rat enterochromaffin-like cells (purity, >90%) and rat pheochromocytoma cells stably transfected with a gastrin/cholecystokinin B receptor to investigate the expression and transcriptional regulation of vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2. Stimulation of vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2 mRNA and protein expression was observed in isolated enterochromaffin-like cells after 3- to 7-h incubation with gastrin (10(-7) M), forskolin (10(-5) M), or ionomycin (10(-5) M). Deletion analysis of the rat vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2 promoter defined the minimal promoter sequence necessary for full basal activity as a -121 bp segment upstream of exon 1 containing two Sp1 sites (-97 to -88 bp and -68 to -59 bp) and a cAMP-responsive element (-44 to -35 bp). Gastrin (10(-7) M) stimulated extracellular signal related kinase1/2 phosphorylation, activated Sp1 and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, and further induced activity of the complete rat vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2 promoter (-800 bp) in gastrin/cholecystokinin B receptor cells. The -121-bp fragment was able to confer full gastrin responsiveness, and site-directed mutagenesis of the Sp1 and cAMP-responsive element motifs demonstrated their crucial importance for basal and inducible activities. Comparison of promoter activity of histidine decarboxylase, chromogranin A, or vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2 in transfected cell lines revealed significant differences in basal and gastrin-stimulated activities. Our current study provides the first evidence that gastrin directly stimulates the expression and promoter activity of vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2. Sp1 and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein recognition motifs located within 121 bp upstream of exon 1 appear to be indispensable for full basal and inducible promoter activities. Diverging effects of gastrin on histidine decarboxylase, chromogranin A, and vesicular monoamine transporter subtype 2 promoter may account for the coordinated synthesis and storage of histamine in this neuroendocrine cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gerhard
- II Medizinische Klinik, Technical University, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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Hapke S, Kessler H, Arroyo de Prada N, Benge A, Schmitt M, Lengyel E, Reuning U. Integrin alpha(v)beta(3)/vitronectin interaction affects expression of the urokinase system in human ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:26340-8. [PMID: 11331280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100181200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), together with its receptor uPAR and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) plays a pivotal role during tumor invasion and metastasis. Integrins, via interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM), control cell adhesion and motility. The two systems are functionally linked because uPAR and PAI-1 bind to the ECM component vitronectin (VN). Because integrin signaling alters gene expression patterns, we investigated whether the expression levels of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 are affected by ECM/integrin interactions. Expression of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 was significantly enhanced when human ovarian cancer cells (OV-MZ-6) were cultivated on fibronectin or collagen type IV. In contrast, VN induced down-regulation of uPA and uPAR while increasing PAI-1 by up to 4-fold. VN-dependent decrease of uPA protein was paralleled by a significant reduction of uPA promoter activity that was even more pronounced upon alpha(v)beta(3) overexpression and depended on the presence of intact Rel protein-binding sites. The activity of Rel transcription factors was also significantly reduced upon alpha(v)beta(3)-mediated cell adhesion to VN. The activity of the Rel-unresponsive PAI-1 promoter was up to 5-fold induced as a function of alpha(v)beta(3)/VN interaction. Thus, the balance between available concentrations of uPA, uPAR, PAI-1, and integrins in human ovarian cancer cells might provide a switch within the regulation of their invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hapke
- Frauenklinik der Technischen Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Strasse 22, D-81675 München, Germany
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Hapke S, Gawaz M, Dehne K, Köhler J, Marshall JF, Graeff H, Schmitt M, Reuning U, Lengyel E. beta(3)A-integrin downregulates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR) through a PEA3/ets transcriptional silencing element in the u-PAR promoter. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:2118-32. [PMID: 11238946 PMCID: PMC86830 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.6.2118-2132.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of cells requires interactions with the extracellular matrix mediated, in part, by integrins, proteases, and their receptors. Previous studies have shown that beta(3)-integrin interacts with the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR) at the cell surface. Since integrins mediate signaling into the cell, the current study was undertaken to determine if in addition beta(3)-integrin regulates u-PAR expression. Overexpression of beta(3)-integrin in CHO cells, which are avid expressers of the receptor, downregulated u-PAR protein and mRNA expression. The u-PAR promoter (-1,469 bp) that is normally constitutively active in CHO cells was downregulated by induced beta(3)-integrin expression. A region between -398 and -197 bp of the u-PAR promoter was critical for beta(3)-integrin-induced downregulation of u-PAR promoter activity. Deletion of the PEA3/ets motif at -248 bp substantially impaired the ability of beta(3)-integrin to downregulate the u-PAR promoter, suggesting that the PEA3/ets site acts as a silencing element. An expression vector encoding the transcription factor PEA3 caused inhibition of the wild-type but not the PEA3/ets-deleted u-PAR promoter. The PEA3/ets site bound nuclear factors from CHO cells specifically, but binding was enhanced when beta(3)-integrin was overexpressed. A PEA3 antibody inhibited DNA-protein complex formation, indicating the presence of PEA3. Downregulation of the u-PAR promoter was achieved by the beta(3)A-integrin isoform but not by other beta(3)-integrin isoforms and required the cytoplasmic membrane NITY(759) motif. Moreover, overexpression of the short but not the long isoform of the beta(3)-integrin adapter protein beta(3)-endonexin blocked u-PAR promoter activity through the PEA3/ets binding site. Thus, besides the physical interaction of beta(3)-integrin and u-PAR at the cell surface, beta(3) signaling is implicated in the regulation of u-PAR gene transcription, suggesting a mutual regulation of adhesion and proteolysis receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hapke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, D-81675 Munich, Germany
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38
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Iesalnieks I, Rentsch M, Lengyel E, Mirwald T, Jauch K, Beham A. JNK and p38MAPK are activated during graft reperfusion and not during cold storage in rat liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:931-2. [PMID: 11267133 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Iesalnieks
- Department of Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Muehlenweg B, Schnelzer A, Türkmen B, Lengyel E, Reuning U, Graeff H, Schmitt M, Magdolen V. RFLP Molecular Analysis of the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Gene. Methods Mol Med 2001; 39:299-306. [PMID: 21340784 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-071-3:299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several cell biological studies have shown that the invasiveness of a variety of tumors depend on the regulated expression of proteolytic enzymes that degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix and dissociate cell-cell and/or cell-matrix attachments. One such enzyme, the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), converts enzymatically inactive plasminogen into the widely acting protease plasmin, which degrades several extracellular matrix components and also activates proenzyme forms of matrix metalloproteases. Thus, uPA is a central molecule in pericellular proteolysis (1-1). uPA (as well as other factors of the plasminogen activator system, the cell surface-associated uPA receptor [uPAR], and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 [PAI-1]) is an important prognostic factor predicting relapse-free and/or survival in patients with a variety of solid malignant tumors including ovarian cancer; in all cases, high levels of uPA are associated with a poor prognosis (4-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Muehlenweg
- Klinischer Forschergruppe der Frauenklinik der Technischen Universität München, Muenchen, Germany
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40
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Lengyel E, Forgács G, Petrányi A, Baricza K, Somogyi A, Németh G. [Conformal radiotherapy of maxilla tumors]. Magy Onkol 2001; 45:187-191. [PMID: 12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE: To demonstrate a conventional and a new therapeutic method of 3D treatment planning in maxilla tumors, the process of 3D treatment planning and its significance and to compare these two methods. METHOD: We performed 2D and 3D treatment plans. The ADAC planning system was used in the 3D treatment planning. CT and MRI scans were taken on the target volume and on each scan we demarcated the target volume and the critical organs. The irregular fields were obtained by 3D graphic reconstruction provided by the treatment planning programme. RESULTS: Compared to the conventional treatment planning more favourable dose distribution was obtained within the target volume and the radiation burden of the critical organs was kept under their tolerance doses. CONCLUSION: In conformal 3D treatment planning the shape and size of the irradiated volume are in good conformity with those of the target volume. In this way the radiation burden of the critical organs and adjacent intact tissues can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lengyel
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, H-1122, Hungary.
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41
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Dickfeld T, Lengyel E, May AE, Massberg S, Brand K, Page S, Thielen C, Langenbrink K, Gawaz M. Transient interaction of activated platelets with endothelial cells induces expression of monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 via a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediated pathway. Implications for atherogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2001; 49:189-99. [PMID: 11121811 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(00)00220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activated platelets induce alterations of chemotactic and adhesive properties of endothelial cells, a critical initial step in atherogenesis. We investigated the effect of transient interaction of activated platelets with cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a key molecule in monocyte chemotaxis and transmigration. METHODS AND RESULTS Transient interaction of alpha-thrombin-activated platelets with endothelial cells for 10-120 min substantially induced endothelial secretion of MCP-1, monocyte chemotaxis and adhesion to HUVECs. Platelet-induced secretion of MCP-1 and monocyte-endothelium adhesion was reduced by the MAP kinase p38-specific inhibitor SB203580, but not by other kinase inhibitors including PD98059, wortmannin, or rapamycin. In addition, activated platelets induced transcription of a luciferase reporter construct containing a MCP-1 promotor, an effect that could be inhibited by SB203580. Overexpression of dominant-negative mutants of MAP kinase p38, CSBP2-(D168A) and CSBP2-(T180E,Y182E) reduced platelet-induced expression of MCP-1. CONCLUSIONS Activation of the p38 MAP kinase and consecutive endothelial secretion of MCP-1 induced through transient interaction of activated platelets might play an important role in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dickfeld
- Medical Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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42
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Hannke-Lohmann A, Pildner von Steinburg S, Dehne K, Benard V, Kolben M, Schmitt M, Lengyel E. Downregulation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in the placentas of women with preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 96:582-7. [PMID: 11004363 DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(00)00986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the activity of the three mitogen-activated protein kinases (Jun aminoterminal kinase, extracellular regulated kinase, and p38) is altered in placental tissue of women with preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. METHODS Placental activity (measured by immunoprecipitation-kinase assay) and protein expression (measured by western blot) of Jun aminoterminal kinase, extracellular regulated kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were measured in four groups of eight women each with preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and normal vaginal or cesarean deliveries. To further characterize the Jun aminoterminal kinase signal transduction pathway, phosphorylation of c-Jun, a downstream effector of Jun aminoterminal kinase- mitogen-activated protein kinase, was analyzed by western blotting, and the activity of Rac1, an upstream activator of the Jun aminoterminal kinase signaling pathway, was determined by pull-down assay. RESULTS The activity of Jun aminoterminal kinase was significantly lower in placentas of women with preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome compared with those who had normal vaginal or cesarean delivery, whereas levels of Jun aminoterminal kinase protein expression were similar. Phosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Jun and Rac1 activity also were significantly lower in women with preeclampsia and HELLP than in controls. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity was significantly higher in women with preeclampsia than with HELLP syndrome. There was no change in extracellular regulated kinase activity or protein expression between subgroups. CONCLUSION In placentas of women with preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome, a Rac1-Jun aminoterminal kinase-c-Jun-dependent signal transduction pathway was downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hannke-Lohmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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43
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Schnelzer A, Prechtel D, Knaus U, Dehne K, Gerhard M, Graeff H, Harbeck N, Schmitt M, Lengyel E. Rac1 in human breast cancer: overexpression, mutation analysis, and characterization of a new isoform, Rac1b. Oncogene 2000; 19:3013-20. [PMID: 10871853 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rac1 is a member of the Ras superfamily of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) that act as molecular switches to control cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell growth. Analogous to Ras, constitutively activating point mutations of Rac1 cause tumorigenic transformation of cell lines. However, there is no information about whether Rac1 is also mutated in vivo. After RT - PCR of Rac1, several clones of seven benign and 10 malignant breast cancer tissues as well as eight breast cancer cell lines were sequenced. Only single-nucleotide polymorphisms of Rac1 could be detected, and none of these corresponded to constitutively activating point mutations that have been used in cell lines for transformation. While sequencing Rac1 in breast tissues, a new Rac1 isoform with an insertion of 19 codons within the reading frame of Rac1 close to switch region II was identified and named Rac1b. The Rac1b protein acts like a fast cycling GTPase in GTP binding and hydrolysis assays. In Northern and Western blot experiments both Rac1 RNA and Rac1 protein had a significantly higher expression in breast cancer tissues compared to normal breast tissue samples. Immunohistochemical staining of Rac1 showed weak Rac1 expression in benign breast disease but high expression level in ductal carcinoma-in-situ, primary breast cancer, and lymph node metastases. In addition, breast tumor cells from patients with recurrent disease had Rac1 expression at the plasma membrane, suggesting activation of Rac1, in patients with aggressive breast cancer. Oncogene (2000).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schnelzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaninger Str. 22, 0-81675 Munich, Germany
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44
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Lengyel E, Somogyi A, Gõdény M, Szerdahelyi A, Németh G. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the nasopharynx. Case report and review of the literature. Strahlenther Onkol 2000; 176:40-2. [PMID: 10650835 DOI: 10.1007/pl00002304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the nasopharynx is a rare disease. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma is a minor salivary gland neoplasm which occurs frequently in the mucosa of the soft and hard palates, in the buccal mucosa and in the upper lip. To date this entity has been identified within the oral cavity and only one case within the nasopharynx and some cases in the parotid gland. It has a slow infiltrating growing pattern with frequent perineural invasion and low metastatic potential. CASE REPORT We report on a patient with non-papillary polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma in the nasopharynx which extended intracranially. The patient underwent primary radiotherapy. The CT showed partial response to radiotherapy and the patient is alive 51 months after the diagnosis his state being unchanged. CONCLUSION The treatment for minor salivary gland tumor is primarily surgical. It is reported that the polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma has been known to have poor response to radiotherapy. However, we believe that in addition to its favorable biological behavior, the radiotherapy in this localization may result in longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lengyel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
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45
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Lengyel E, Somogyi A, Németh G. Radiotherapy and its results as concerns nasopharynx carcinoma at the National Institute of Oncology in Budapest. Eur J Cancer 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)81105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Marschall C, Lengyel E, Nobutoh T, Braungart E, Douwes K, Simon A, Magdolen V, Reuning U, Degitz K. UVB increases urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression. J Invest Dermatol 1999; 113:69-76. [PMID: 10417621 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes synthesize and secrete urokinase-type plasminogen activator, which binds to its specific receptor on keratinocytes. When bound to urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, urokinase-type plasminogen activator proteolytically converts surface bound plasminogen to plasmin, which in turn cleaves many extracellular components leading to pericellular proteolysis. The activation of the urokinase system has been observed during re-epithelialization of skin wounds and in lesions of the autoimmune blistering skin disease pemphigus. As pemphigus is photoinducible, we investigated the effect of ultraviolet B on urokinase-type plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor expression in the epidermal keratinocyte cell line A431. Ultraviolet B increased cellular and secreted urokinase-type plasminogen activator protein (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor cell surface expression (flow cytometry) 24 h postirradiation. Northern blot analysis indicated that ultraviolet B increased urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor mRNA. Compared with a more rapid mRNA induction by epidermal growth factor (maximal after 4 h) the ultraviolet B response was maximal after 24 h and prolonged up to 36 h. The mRNA induction was not dependent on protein synthesis as judged by cycloheximide incubation. Ultraviolet B did not influence urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor mRNA stability (actinomycin D incubation). A transiently transfected chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-reporter construct containing a -398/+51 urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor promoter fragment was activated when cells were exposed to ultraviolet B. This induction was almost completely abolished by mutating a -182/-176 AP-1 binding sequence. Ultraviolet B increased the binding capacity at this AP-1 motif in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. These data identify a distinct transcriptional mechanism by which ultraviolet B induces urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. The epidermal induction of components of the proteolytic urokinase system by ultraviolet B may help explain the photoinducibility of pemphigus lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Gene Expression/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding/radiation effects
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/radiation effects
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
- Transcription Factor AP-1/genetics
- Transcription Factor AP-1/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/radiation effects
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marschall
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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47
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Ried S, Jäger C, Jeffers M, Vande Woude GF, Graeff H, Schmitt M, Lengyel E. Activation mechanisms of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator promoter by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:16377-86. [PMID: 10347197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.23.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a pleiotropic effector inducing invasion and metastasis of tumor cells that express the Met tyrosine kinase receptor. One of the effectors of HGF/SF is the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, a serine protease that facilitates tumor progression and metastasis by controlling the synthesis of the extracellular matrix degrading plasmin. Stimulation of NIH 3T3 cells that were stably transfected with the human Met receptor (NIH 3T3-Methum) with HGF/SF induced a trans-activation of the urokinase promoter and urokinase secretion. Induction of the urokinase promoter by HGF/SF via the Met receptor was blocked by co-expression of a dominant-negative Grb2 and Sos1 expression construct. Further, the expression of the catalytically inactive mutants of Ha-Ras, RhoA, c-Raf, and Erk2 or addition of the Mek1-specific inhibitor PD 098059 abrogated the stimulation of the urokinase promoter by HGF/SF. A sequence residing between -2109 and -1870 base pairs (bp) was critical for stimulation of the urokinase gene by HGF/SF. Mobility shift assays with oligonucleotides spanning an AP-1 site at -1880 bp or a combined PEA3/AP-1 site at -1967 bp showed binding of nuclear factors from NIH 3T3-Methum cells. Expression of an expression plasmid that inhibits DNA binding of AP-1 proteins (A-Fos) abrogated inducible and basal activation of the urokinase promoter. Nuclear extract from unstimulated NIH 3T3-Methum cells contained more JunD and showed a stronger JunD supershift with the AP-1 oligonucleotides, compared with HGF/SF-stimulated cells. Consistent with the levels of JunD expression being functionally important for basal expression of the urokinase promoter, we found that overexpression of wild type JunD inhibited the induction of the urokinase promoter by HGF/SF. These data suggest that the induction of urokinase by HGF/SF is regulated by a Grb2/Sos1/Ha-Ras/c-Raf/RhoA/Mek1/Erk2/c-++ +Jun-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ried
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technische Universität München, D-81675 München, Germany
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48
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Schaller G, Fuchs I, Ebert A, Gstettenbauer M, Herbst H, Lengyel E. [The clinical importance of keratin 18 in breast cancer]. Zentralbl Gynakol 1999; 121:126-30. [PMID: 10209854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to determine the prognostic significance and the biological function of the structure protein keratin 18 (K18) in a group of patients with breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Paraffin sections from the primary tumors in 80 patients with breast cancer were examined for the expression of K18 by immunohistochemical staining with the monoclonal antibody CK2. The intensity of the expression measured by an immune reactive score (IRS) was compared with clinicopathological variables and follow-up data up to 10 years. Additionally K18 expression in different human breast cancer cell lines with well defined metastatic behavior were investigated to confirm the clinical data. RESULTS A marked positive staining was observed in 13 (16.2%) women. Mortality rate in this group was 7.7% and 46.3% in the group with a low K18 expression. The recurrence rate was with 15.4% significantly lower in the positive group than in the negative group with 56.7%. Irrespective of the morphological tumor stage, almost all patients with strong K18 expression were still free of disease after 10 years. This clinical finding is supported by observations in cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS In our collective K18 expression was found to be an independent and significant predictor for disease-free and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schaller
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik des Klinikums Benjamin Franklin der Freien Universität Berlin
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49
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Jacob K, Wach F, Holzapfel U, Hein R, Lengyel E, Buettner R, Bosserhoff AK. In vitro modulation of human melanoma cell invasion and proliferation by all-trans-retinoic acid. Melanoma Res 1998; 8:211-9. [PMID: 9664142 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-199806000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Invasive growth and formation of metastases involve complex interactions between tumour cells, host cells and components of the extracellular matrix. Retinoids, a group of vitamin A derivatives, modulate cell growth and differentiation and have been found to suppress tumour cell invasion in vitro and formation of metastases in vivo. The aim of our study was to investigate changes in proliferation and invasion through membrane barriers in vitro of seven human melanoma cell lines, established from human primary melanomas or metastases, in response to treatment with retinoic acid (RA). These changes were compared with the expression regulation of molecules that have been identified as targets of RA-mediated signal pathways. Invasiveness in vitro was correlated with the origin of the cell lines and was significantly higher in the lines derived from metastases. In all the cell lines proliferation and chemotaxis were inhibited by 10(-5) M RA, but the cell lines established from metastases were significantly more sensitive with respect to inhibition of invasion by RA. The specific expression patterns of MMP-1 and TIMP-2 were detected and regulated by RA in almost all cell lines, whereas expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 was not influenced by RA treatment. The most striking difference between the cell lines was a strong downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) expression in cell lines derived from metastases when treated with RA in contrast to cell lines from primary melanomas. These data provide evidence that RA modulates growth, chemotaxis and invasion in a broad panel of melanoma cell lines derived both from primary non-metastasized melanomas and metastases. However, distinct molecular mechanisms are involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jacob
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg Medical School, Germany
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50
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Lengyel E, Somogyi A, Molnár T, Tóth E, Remenár E, Skriba Z, Esik O. [Juvenile aneuploid papillary cancer of the thyroid with pulmonary metastasis]. Orv Hetil 1998; 139:687-90. [PMID: 9555165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-term cause-specific survival results of papillary thyroid cancer patients in Hungary are (78%) worse than the best international data (90%). The authors have recited its causes through the case of a young papillary thyroid cancer patient during the diagnostics (aspiration cytology, diagnostic imaging technics, DNA-analysis) the treatment (surgery-external radiotherapy-radioiodine treatment) and the follow-up (HTG, diagnostic imaging).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lengyel
- Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Sugárterápiás Osztály és Haynal Imre Egészségtudományi Egyetem Sugárterápiaś Tanszék, Budapest
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