1
|
Filipe WF, Meyer YM, Buisman FE, van den Braak RRJC, Galjart B, Höppener DJ, Jarnagin WR, Kemeny NE, Kingham TP, Nierop PMH, van der Stok EP, Grünhagen DJ, Vermeulen PB, Groot Koerkamp B, Verhoef C, D'Angelica MI. The Effect of Histopathological Growth Patterns of Colorectal Liver Metastases on the Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Hepatic Arterial Infusion Pump Chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:7996-8005. [PMID: 37782413 PMCID: PMC10625931 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) are a prognostic biomarker in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Desmoplastic HGP (dHGP) is associated with liver-only recurrence and superior overall survival (OS), while non-dHGP is associated with multi-organ recurrence and inferior OS. This study investigated the predictive value of HGPs for adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion pump (HAIP) chemotherapy in CRLM. METHODS Patients undergoing resection of CRLM and perioperative systemic chemotherapy in two centers were included. Survival outcomes and the predictive value of HAIP versus no HAIP per HGP group were evaluated through Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods, respectively. RESULTS We included 1233 patients. In the dHGP group (n = 291, 24%), HAIP chemotherapy was administered in 75 patients (26%). In the non-dHGP group (n = 942, 76%), HAIP chemotherapy was administered in 247 patients (26%). dHGP was associated with improved overall survival (OS, HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32-0.73, p < 0.001). HAIP chemotherapy was associated with improved OS (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45-0.82, p < 0.001). No interaction could be demonstrated between HGP and HAIP on OS (HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.72-2.32, p = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that HGPs of CRLM modify the survival benefit of adjuvant HAIP chemotherapy in patients with resected CRLM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W F Filipe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Y M Meyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F E Buisman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R R J Coebergh van den Braak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Galjart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Höppener
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W R Jarnagin
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - N E Kemeny
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T P Kingham
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - P M H Nierop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E P van der Stok
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Grünhagen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P B Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Unit (GZA Hospitals and University of Antwerp), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Verhoef
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M I D'Angelica
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Hagen P, de Jonge R, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Hötte GJ, van der Stok EP, Lindemans J, van Lanschot JJB, Wijnhoven BPL. Vitamin B12 deficiency after esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-8. [PMID: 29800266 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency after esophagectomy for cancer. It is unknown if patients after esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction are at an increased risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. A cross-sectional cohort (group A) and a prospective cohort (group B) of patients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer in two tertiary referral centers in the Netherlands were included. Serum levels of holo-transcobalamin (Holo-TC) and methyl malonic acid (MMA) were determined. Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as Holo-TC < 21 pmol/L and/or MMA > 0.45 μmol/L. Vitamin B12 status was assessed in group A at a single time point between one and three years postoperatively and before and every three months after resection in group B. Ninety-nine patients were analyzed in group A. The median time between surgery and analysis of vitamin B12 deficiency was 19.3 months. In 11 of 99 (11%) patients, vitamin B12 deficiency was detected. In group B, 5 of 88 (5.6%) patients had vitamin B12 deficiency preoperatively, and another 9 (10.2%) patients developed vitamin B12 deficiency after the operation at a median time of 6 months postoperatively. The estimated one-year incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 18.2%. None of the patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had a megaloblastic anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency can be anticipated in 18% of patients after esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for cancer. During follow-up, Holo-TC and MMA levels should be measured to detect vitamin B12 deficiency and commence treatment timely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P van Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam
| | - R de Jonge
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam
| | | | - G J Hötte
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam
| | - E P van der Stok
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam
| | - J Lindemans
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam
| | - J J B van Lanschot
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam
| | - B P L Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao J, van Mierlo KMC, Gómez-Ramírez J, Kim H, Pilgrim CHC, Pessaux P, Rensen SS, van der Stok EP, Schaap FG, Soubrane O, Takamoto T, Viganò L, Winkens B, Dejong CHC, Olde Damink SWM, Martín Pérez E, Cho JY, Choi YR, Phillips W, Michael M, Panaro F, Chenard MP, Verhoef C, Grünhagen DJ, Vara J, Scatton O, Hashimoto T, Makuuchi M, De Rosa G, Ravarino N. Systematic review of the influence of chemotherapy-associated liver injury on outcome after partial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Br J Surg 2017; 104:990-1002. [PMID: 28542731 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of chemotherapy-associated liver injury (CALI) on postoperative outcome in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains controversial. The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of CALI (sinusoidal dilatation (SD), steatosis and steatohepatitis) on postoperative morbidity and mortality by investigating a large data set from multiple international centres. METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched for studies published between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013 with keywords 'chemotherapy', 'liver resection', 'outcome' and 'colorectal metastases' to identify potential collaborating centres. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using binary logistic regression models, with results presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals. RESULTS A consolidated database comprising 788 patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM in eight centres was obtained. In multivariable analyses, severe SD was associated with increased major morbidity (Dindo-Clavien grade III-V; OR 1·73, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 2·95; P = 0·043). Severe steatosis was associated with decreased liver surgery-specific complications (OR 0·52, 95 per cent c.i. 0·27 to 1·00; P = 0·049), whereas steatohepatitis was linked to an increase in these complications (OR 2·08, 1·18 to 3·66; P = 0·012). Subgroup analysis showed that lobular inflammation was the sole component associated with increased overall morbidity (OR 2·22, 1·48 to 3·34; P = 0·001) and liver surgery-specific complications (OR 3·35, 2·11 to 5·32; P < 0·001). Finally, oxaliplatin treatment was linked to severe SD (OR 2·74, 1·67 to 4·49; P < 0·001). CONCLUSION An increase in postoperative major morbidity and liver surgery-specific complications was observed after partial hepatectomy in patients with severe SD and steatohepatitis. Postoperative liver failure occurred more often in patients with severe SD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K M C van Mierlo
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Gómez-Ramírez
- Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - C H C Pilgrim
- Hepatopancreaticobiliary Service, Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, and Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Pessaux
- Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Hôpital de Hautepierre, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S S Rensen
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E P van der Stok
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F G Schaap
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - O Soubrane
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - T Takamoto
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Viganò
- Division of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - B Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, and CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C H C Dejong
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - E Martín Pérez
- Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Y Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Y R Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - W Phillips
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Michael
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Panaro
- Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Hôpital de Hautepierre, University Hospital of Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - M-P Chenard
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital de Hautepierre, University hospital of Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Grünhagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Vara
- Digestive Tumours Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - O Scatton
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, La Pitié Hospital, Université Pierre et Maris Curie, Paris, France
| | - T Hashimoto
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Makuuchi
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G De Rosa
- Department of Pathology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - N Ravarino
- Department of Pathology, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
van der Stok EP, Smid M, Sieuwerts AM, Vermeulen PB, Sleijfer S, Ayez N, Grünhagen DJ, Martens JWM, Verhoef C. mRNA expression profiles of colorectal liver metastases as a novel biomarker for early recurrence after partial hepatectomy. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1542-1550. [PMID: 27692894 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of specific risk groups for recurrence after surgery for isolated colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Classical clinicopathologic parameters have limited prognostic value. The aim of this study was to identify a gene expression signature measured in CRLM discriminating early from late recurrence after partial hepatectomy. METHODS CRLM from two patient groups were collected: I) with recurrent disease ≤12 months after surgery (N = 33), and II) without recurrences and disease free for ≥36 months (N = 30). The patients were clinically homogeneous; all had a low clinical risk score (0-2) and did not receive (neo-) adjuvant chemotherapy. Total RNA was hybridised to Illumina arrays, and processed for analysis. A leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) analysis was performed to identify a prognostic gene expression signature. RESULTS LOOCV yielded an 11-gene profile with prognostic value in relation to recurrent disease ≤12 months after partial hepatectomy. This signature had a sensitivity of 81.8%, with a specificity of 66.7% for predicting recurrences (≤12 months) versus no recurrences for at least 36 months after surgery (X2 P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The current study yielded an 11-gene signature at mRNA level in CRLM discriminating early from late or no relapse after partial hepatectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P van der Stok
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Smid
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P B Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Sint-Augustinus (GZA Hospitals) & CORE (Antwerp University), Oosterveldlaan 24, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Ayez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Grünhagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Amerongen MJ, van der Stok EP, Fütterer JJ, Jenniskens SFM, Moelker A, Grünhagen DJ, Verhoef C, de Wilt JHW. Short term and long term results of patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing surgery with or without radiofrequency ablation. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016; 42:523-30. [PMID: 26856957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may provide an alternative treatment for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Although the results in literature look promising, uncertainty exists with regard to complication risks and survival for this therapy. METHODS From January 2000 to May 2013, patients were included in a prospective multicenter database when treated for CRLM. Exclusion criteria were: two-staged treatment, synchronous resection of liver metastases and primary tumor, loss to follow-up or extrahepatic metastases. Patients were divided in a resection-only group (ROG) and combination group (CG). Outcome variables were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS In CG, 98 patients were included versus 534 patients in ROG. There were no differences in general patient characteristics. Patients in CG had a higher Fong clinical risk score (CRS; P = 0.001), better ASA classification (P = 0.04) and received more neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.001). There was no difference in postoperative morbidity or 90-day mortality. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) for CG and ROG was 25% and 36.1% (P = 0.03), respectively. For the 5-year overall survival (OS) this was respectively 42% and 62.2% (P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, Fong CRS was a significant predictor for DFS. For OS, Fong CRS, ASA class IV and the combination therapy were significant predictors. CONCLUSION The combination of hepatic resection and intraoperative RFA is a safe procedure, without increase in postoperative morbidity or mortality. Combining RFA and resection in one session is a valid treatment option for patients who would otherwise be inoperable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J van Amerongen
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box: 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - E P van der Stok
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, 's Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box: 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Fütterer
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box: 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, PO Box: 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - S F M Jenniskens
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box: 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Moelker
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, 's Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box: 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Grünhagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, 's Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box: 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, 's Gravendijkwal 230, PO Box: 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H W de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, PO Box: 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van der Stok EP, Huiskens J, Hemmes B, Grünhagen DJ, van Gulik TM, Verhoef C, Punt CJA. [Local approval procedures act as a brake on RCTs]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2016; 160:D148. [PMID: 27552934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Large multicentre randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the Netherlands are increasingly being impeded by major differences between local approval procedures. However, no national agenda exists as yet to improve this situation. The existence of major local differences in processing time and documentation required has been reported previously but little is known about the costs incurred and whether or not specific certifications and research contracts are mandatory. The current study evaluated these aspects of local procedures for obtaining approval of two oncological multicentre RCTs. DESIGN Retrospective, descriptive. METHOD All local procedures for obtaining approval of two randomised clinical trials were evaluated: the CAIRO5 and CHARISMA trials initiated by the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG). We objectified time between approval by the Medical Ethics Review Committee (METC) and final approval by the Board of Directors (RvB), the type and number of documents needed, and costs charged. RESULTS The median time interval between the approval by the Medical Ethics Review Committee and the approval by the Board of Directors was 90 days (range 4-312). The number of documents required per centre ranged from 6-20. The costs charged ranged from € 0-€ 1750, and amounted to € 8575 for all procedures combined. No costs were charged by the majority of the centres. CONCLUSION The approval procedures for multicentre clinical trials in the Netherlands demonstrate major differences. Processing times, documentation required and costs are unpredictable; greater uniformity is highly desirable in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E P van der Stok
- Erasmus MC Kankerinstituut, afd. Chirurgische Oncologie, Rotterdam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stok EPVD, Grunhagen DJ, Rothbarth J, Verhoef C. The Prognostic Value of Post-operative Serum C-reactive Protein Level for -Survival after Surgery for Colorectal Liver Metastases. Acta Chir Belg 2015; 115:348-55. [PMID: 26560001 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2015.11681127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing emphasis is put on the concept that inflammation is a key player in tumor progression. In the tumor microenvironment, inflammatory cells mediate tumor growth. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are identified as being representative of a systemic inflammatory response. Therefore, studies have successfully linked peri-operative CRP levels to survival after surgery for primary colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the post-operative systemic inflammatory response as represented by serum CRP levels after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). METHODS Between January 2004 and December 2012, all patients who underwent resection for CRLM were analyzed. The total post-operative acute inflammatory response was objectified by the area under the curve (AUC, trapezium rule). Peak CRP concentrations were determined. The impact of peak CRP values and total CRP response on disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed ; patients were stratified by clinical risk score and/or administration of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS The final study population consisted of 403 patients. The OS of patients with a high CRP response (AUC, upper quartile) was equal to patients with intermediate (AUC, middle quartiles) or low (AUC, lower quartile) responses. Similarly, total post-operative CRP response did not impact survival when stratifying patients for CRS and/or administration of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Peak CRP concentrations did not impact survival accordantly. CONCLUSION Total post-operative inflammatory response, as evidenced by CRP serum levels, had no prognostic value for survival after surgery for CRLM.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ayez N, van der Stok EP, Grünhagen DJ, Rothbarth J, van Meerten E, Eggermont AM, Verhoef C. The use of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases: Clinical risk score as possible discriminator. Eur J Surg Oncol 2015; 41:859-67. [PMID: 25979624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The combination of surgery and chemotherapy (CTx) is increasingly accepted as an effective treatment for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, controversy exists whether all patients with resectable CRLM benefit from perioperative CTx. We investigated the impact on overall survival (OS) by neo-adjuvant CTx in patients with resectable CRLM, stratified by the clinical risk score (CRS) described by Fong et al. METHODS Patients who underwent surgery for CRLM between January 2000 and December 2009 were included. We compared OS of patients with and without neo-adjuvant CTx stratified by the CRS. The CRS includes five prognosticators and defines two risk groups: low CRS (0-2) and high CRS (3-5). RESULTS 363 patients (64% male) were included, median age 63 years (IQR 57-70). Prior to resection, 219 patients had a low CRS (neo-adjuvant CTx: N = 65) and 144 patients had a high CRS (neo-adjuvant CTx: N = 88). Median follow-up was 47 months (IQR 25-82). In the low CRS group, there was no significant difference in median OS between patients with and without CTx (65 months (95% CI 39-91) vs. 54 months (95% CI 44-64), P = 0.31). In the high CRS group, there was a significant difference in OS between patients with and without CTx (46 months (95% CI 24-68) vs. 33 month (95% CI 29-37), P = 0.004). CONCLUSION In our series, patients with a high CRS benefit from neo-adjuvant CTx. In patients with a low risk profile, neo-adjuvant CTx might not be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ayez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E P van der Stok
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Grünhagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Rothbarth
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E van Meerten
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M Eggermont
- Cancer Institute, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, France
| | - C Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lysaght J, van der Stok EP, Allott EH, Casey R, Donohoe CL, Howard JM, McGarrigle SA, Ravi N, Reynolds JV, Pidgeon GP. Pro-inflammatory and tumour proliferative properties of excess visceral adipose tissue. Cancer Lett 2011; 312:62-72. [PMID: 21890265 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been associated with increased incidence and mortality of oesophageal and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Excess central adiposity may drive this association through an altered inflammatory milieu. Utilising a unique adipose tissue bioresource we aimed to determine the pro-tumour properties of visceral adipose tissue. Comparing subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots, we observed significantly higher levels of VEGF and IL-6, along with significantly higher proportions of CD8(+) T cells and NKT cells in visceral adipose tissue. Significantly higher levels of VEGF were observed in the conditioned media from visceral adipose tissue of centrally obese compared to non-obese patients. We also report a significant increase in oesophageal and colorectal tumour cell proliferation following culture with conditioned media from visceral adipose tissue of centrally obese patients. Neutralising VEGF in the conditioned media significantly decreased tumour cell proliferation. This novel report highlights a potential mechanism whereby visceral adipose tissue from centrally obese cancer patients may drive tumour progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Dublin, Trinity College and St. James's Hospital Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grotenhuis BA, Wijnhoven BPL, Hötte GJ, van der Stok EP, Tilanus HW, van Lanschot JJB. Prognostic value of body mass index on short-term and long-term outcome after resection of esophageal cancer. World J Surg 2011; 34:2621-7. [PMID: 20596708 PMCID: PMC2949552 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-010-0697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cachexia and obesity have been suggested to be risk factors for postoperative complications. However, high body mass index (BMI) might result in a higher R0-resection rate because of the presence of more fatty tissue surrounding the tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether BMI is of prognostic value with regard to short-term and long-term outcome in patients who undergo esophagectomy for cancer. METHODS In 556 patients who underwent esophagectomy (1991-2007), clinical and pathological outcome were compared between different BMI classes (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obesity). RESULTS Overall morbidity, mortality, and reoperation rate did not differ in underweight and obese patients. However, severe complications seemed to occur more often in obese patients (p = 0.06), and the risk for anastomotic leakage increased with higher BMI (12.5% in underweight patients compared with 27.6% in obese patients, p = 0.04). Histopathological assessment showed comparable pTNM stages, although an advanced pT stage was seen more often in patients with low/normal BMI (p = 0.02). A linear association between BMI and R0-resection rate was detected (p = 0.02): 60% in underweight patients compared with 81% in obese patients. However, unlike pT-stage (p < 0.001), BMI was not an independent predictor for R0 resection (p = 0.12). There was no significant difference in overall or disease-free 5-year survival between the BMI classes (p = 0.25 and p = 0.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS BMI is not of prognostic value with regard to short-term and long-term outcome in patients who undergo esophagectomy for cancer and is not an independent predictor for radical R0 resection. Patients oncologically eligible for esophagectomy should not be denied surgery on the basis of their BMI class.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Grotenhuis
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|