1
|
Hennekinne JA, Ostyn A, Guillier F, Gohier M, Messio S, Dragacci S, Krys S, Lombard B, Bauer MCC, Alves P, Bauer MC, Blanco-Vidal C, Desfargues C, De Reu K, Eckner K, Economides C, Ferrini AM, Gaillard N, Genot P, Gornard S, Guiliani L, Hummerjohann J, In’t Velt P, Jacobs-Reistma W, Ladstatter J, Montourcy G, Pires-Gomes C, Pittet JL, Rola J, Rubert E, Srete-Lancz Z. Interlaboratory Validation of the Vidas SET2 Kit for Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Milk Products. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/90.3.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An earlier intralaboratory validation study based on the EN ISO 16140 Standard conducted by the Community Reference Laboratory for coagulase-positive staphylococci including Staphylocococcus aureus showed that, after an extraction step using dialysis concentration, the Vidas SET2 detection kit could be used to screen staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products. In order to fully validate Vidas SET2, an interlaboratory study was organized. Six freeze-dried samples and 3 ready-to-use concentrated extracts were analyzed by 21 laboratories according to the method, including a detection with Vidas SET2. Results did not show false-positive or -negative results. Accordance and concordance parameters were equal to 100%, corresponding to a concordance odds ratio of 1. This interlaboratory study confirmed the satisfactory outcome of the preliminary tests and of the intralaboratory study performed previously. The Vidas SET2 detection kit can be used as a method for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products as well as the Transia Plate SET detection kit in the European screening method for official control purposes, after an extraction step followed by dialysis concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne
- French Agency for Food Safety, Laboratory for Study and Research on Quality of Food and on Food Processes (AFSSA-LERQAP), Toxins, Organic Pollutants, and Pesticides Unit, National and Community Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci, Including Staphylococccus aureus and Their Toxins, 23 Ave du Gnral De Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Annick Ostyn
- French Agency for Food Safety, Laboratory for Study and Research on Quality of Food and on Food Processes (AFSSA-LERQAP), Toxins, Organic Pollutants, and Pesticides Unit, National and Community Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci, Including Staphylococccus aureus and Their Toxins, 23 Ave du Gnral De Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Florence Guillier
- French Agency for Food Safety, Laboratory for Study and Research on Quality of Food and on Food Processes (AFSSA-LERQAP), Toxins, Organic Pollutants, and Pesticides Unit, National and Community Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci, Including Staphylococccus aureus and Their Toxins, 23 Ave du Gnral De Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Martine Gohier
- French Agency for Food Safety, Laboratory for Study and Research on Quality of Food and on Food Processes (AFSSA-LERQAP), Toxins, Organic Pollutants, and Pesticides Unit, National and Community Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci, Including Staphylococccus aureus and Their Toxins, 23 Ave du Gnral De Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Sabine Messio
- French Agency for Food Safety, Laboratory for Study and Research on Quality of Food and on Food Processes (AFSSA-LERQAP), Toxins, Organic Pollutants, and Pesticides Unit, National and Community Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci, Including Staphylococccus aureus and Their Toxins, 23 Ave du Gnral De Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Sylviane Dragacci
- French Agency for Food Safety, Laboratory for Study and Research on Quality of Food and on Food Processes (AFSSA-LERQAP), Toxins, Organic Pollutants, and Pesticides Unit, National and Community Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci, Including Staphylococccus aureus and Their Toxins, 23 Ave du Gnral De Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Krys
- French Agency for Food Safety, Laboratory for Study and Research on Quality of Food and on Food Processes (AFSSA-LERQAP), Toxins, Organic Pollutants, and Pesticides Unit, National and Community Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci, Including Staphylococccus aureus and Their Toxins, 23 Ave du Gnral De Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Lombard
- French Agency for Food Safety, Laboratory for Study and Research on Quality of Food and on Food Processes (AFSSA-LERQAP), Toxins, Organic Pollutants, and Pesticides Unit, National and Community Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci, Including Staphylococccus aureus and Their Toxins, 23 Ave du Gnral De Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - M C C Bauer
- French Agency for Food Safety, Laboratory for Study and Research on Quality of Food and on Food Processes (AFSSA-LERQAP), Toxins, Organic Pollutants, and Pesticides Unit, National and Community Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci, Including Staphylococccus aureus and Their Toxins, 23 Ave du Gnral De Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Savage-Rumbaugh S, McDonald K, Sevcik RA, Hopkins WD, Rubert E. Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus). J Exp Psychol Gen 1986. [PMID: 2428917 DOI: 10.1037//0096-3445.115.3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus) have spontaneously begun to use symbols to communicate with people. In contrast to common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using the same communicative system, the pygmy chimpanzees did not need explicit training in order to form referential symbol-object associations. Instead, they acquired symbols by observing others use these symbols in daily communications with them. In addition, the pygmy chimpanzees have begun to comprehend spoken English words and can readily identify lexigrams upon hearing the spoken words. By contrast, common chimpanzees who received similar exposure to spoken English are unable to do so. The older pygmy chimpanzee has begun to form requests of the form agent-verb-recipient in which he is neither the agent nor the recipient. By contrast, similarly aged common chimpanzees limited their requests to simple verbs, in which the agent was always presumed to be the addressee and the chimpanzee itself was always the recipient, thus they had no need to indicate a specific agent or recipient. These results suggest that these pygmy chimpanzees exhibit symbolic and auditory perceptual skills that are distinctly different from those of common chimpanzees.
Collapse
|
3
|
Savage-Rumbaugh S, McDonald K, Sevcik RA, Hopkins WD, Rubert E. Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986; 115:211-35. [PMID: 2428917 DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.115.3.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus) have spontaneously begun to use symbols to communicate with people. In contrast to common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using the same communicative system, the pygmy chimpanzees did not need explicit training in order to form referential symbol-object associations. Instead, they acquired symbols by observing others use these symbols in daily communications with them. In addition, the pygmy chimpanzees have begun to comprehend spoken English words and can readily identify lexigrams upon hearing the spoken words. By contrast, common chimpanzees who received similar exposure to spoken English are unable to do so. The older pygmy chimpanzee has begun to form requests of the form agent-verb-recipient in which he is neither the agent nor the recipient. By contrast, similarly aged common chimpanzees limited their requests to simple verbs, in which the agent was always presumed to be the addressee and the chimpanzee itself was always the recipient, thus they had no need to indicate a specific agent or recipient. These results suggest that these pygmy chimpanzees exhibit symbolic and auditory perceptual skills that are distinctly different from those of common chimpanzees.
Collapse
|
4
|
Savage-Rumbaugh ES, Sevcik RA, Rumbaugh DM, Rubert E. The capacity of animals to acquire language: do species differences have anything to say to us? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1985; 308:177-85. [PMID: 2858874 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1985.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the Gardners' discovery that an ape named Washoe could learn to produce and combine a number of hand movements similar to those used by deaf human beings, a variety of 'ape-language projects' sprang up. Some projects used different symbol systems, others used different training techniques, and others used different species of apes. While debate still rages regarding the appropriate way to interpret the symbolic productions of apes, three species of great apes (gorilla, orangutan, and chimpanzee) have now been credited with this capacity while no lesser apes or monkeys have been reported, at present, to have acquired such communicative skills. Among all of the claims made for the various animal species, the philosophers have entered the fray attempting to define the essence of what it is about language that makes it 'human'. This paper will compare and contrast the above positions to arrive at behavioural definitions of symbolic usage that can be applied across species. It will then present new data on a fourth ape species Pan paniscus which is proving to be the first non-human species to acquire symbolic skills in a spontaneous manner.
Collapse
|