1
|
Dall'Osto M, Beddows DCS, Asmi A, Poulain L, Hao L, Freney E, Allan JD, Canagaratna M, Crippa M, Bianchi F, de Leeuw G, Eriksson A, Swietlicki E, Hansson HC, Henzing JS, Granier C, Zemankova K, Laj P, Onasch T, Prevot A, Putaud JP, Sellegri K, Vidal M, Virtanen A, Simo R, Worsnop D, O'Dowd C, Kulmala M, Harrison RM. Novel insights on new particle formation derived from a pan-european observing system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1482. [PMID: 29367716 PMCID: PMC5784154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new atmospheric particles involves an initial step forming stable clusters less than a nanometre in size (<~1 nm), followed by growth into quasi-stable aerosol particles a few nanometres (~1–10 nm) and larger (>~10 nm). Although at times, the same species can be responsible for both processes, it is thought that more generally each step comprises differing chemical contributors. Here, we present a novel analysis of measurements from a unique multi-station ground-based observing system which reveals new insights into continental-scale patterns associated with new particle formation. Statistical cluster analysis of this unique 2-year multi-station dataset comprising size distribution and chemical composition reveals that across Europe, there are different major seasonal trends depending on geographical location, concomitant with diversity in nucleating species while it seems that the growth phase is dominated by organic aerosol formation. The diversity and seasonality of these events requires an advanced observing system to elucidate the key processes and species driving particle formation, along with detecting continental scale changes in aerosol formation into the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dall'Osto
- Institute of Marine Science, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. .,National Centre for Atmospheric Science Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom. .,School of Physics, Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road Galway, Galway, Ireland. .,Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA.
| | - D C S Beddows
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - A Asmi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Poulain
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L Hao
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O.Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Freney
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS-Université Blaise Pascal, UMR6016, 63117, Clermont, Ferrand, France
| | - J D Allan
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - M Crippa
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, PSI, Villigen, Switzerland.,European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate, Air and Climate Unit, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027, Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - G de Leeuw
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate Change Unit, P.O. Box 503, 00101, Helsinki, Finland.,Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Eriksson
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Swietlicki
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - H C Hansson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J S Henzing
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Granier
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Toulouse, France.,NOAA Earth System Laboratory and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - K Zemankova
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Dept. of Atmospheric Physcis, Prague, Czechia
| | - P Laj
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, IRD, INPG, Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers, Grenoble, France
| | - T Onasch
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
| | - A Prevot
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J P Putaud
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, 21027, (VA), Italy
| | - K Sellegri
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS-Université Blaise Pascal, UMR6016, 63117, Clermont, Ferrand, France
| | - M Vidal
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Virtanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O.Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Simo
- Institute of Marine Science, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C O'Dowd
- School of Physics, Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roy M Harrison
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,Department of Environmental Sciences / Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eriksson AC, Wittbom C, Roldin P, Sporre M, Öström E, Nilsson P, Martinsson J, Rissler J, Nordin EZ, Svenningsson B, Pagels J, Swietlicki E. Diesel soot aging in urban plumes within hours under cold dark and humid conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12364. [PMID: 28959023 PMCID: PMC5620063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh and aged diesel soot particles have different impacts on climate and human health. While fresh diesel soot particles are highly aspherical and non-hygroscopic, aged particles are spherical and hygroscopic. Aging and its effect on water uptake also controls the dispersion of diesel soot in the atmosphere. Understanding the timescales on which diesel soot ages in the atmosphere is thus important, yet knowledge thereof is lacking. We show that under cold, dark and humid conditions the atmospheric transformation from fresh to aged soot occurs on a timescale of less than five hours. Under dry conditions in the laboratory, diesel soot transformation is much less efficient. While photochemistry drives soot aging, our data show it is not always a limiting factor. Field observations together with aerosol process model simulations show that the rapid ambient diesel soot aging in urban plumes is caused by coupled ammonium nitrate formation and water uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Eriksson
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden. .,Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - C Wittbom
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Sporre
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1022, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Öström
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.,Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Nilsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Martinsson
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.,Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Rissler
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Z Nordin
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Svenningsson
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Pagels
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Swietlicki
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martinsson J, Eriksson AC, Nielsen IE, Malmborg VB, Ahlberg E, Andersen C, Lindgren R, Nyström R, Nordin EZ, Brune WH, Svenningsson B, Swietlicki E, Boman C, Pagels JH. Impacts of Combustion Conditions and Photochemical Processing on the Light Absorption of Biomass Combustion Aerosol. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:14663-71. [PMID: 26561964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to identify relationships between combustion conditions, particle characteristics, and optical properties of fresh and photochemically processed emissions from biomass combustion. The combustion conditions included nominal and high burn rate operation and individual combustion phases from a conventional wood stove. Low temperature pyrolysis upon fuel addition resulted in "tar-ball" type particles dominated by organic aerosol with an absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) of 2.5-2.7 and estimated Brown Carbon contributions of 50-70% to absorption at the climate relevant aethalometer-wavelength (520 nm). High temperature combustion during the intermediate (flaming) phase was dominated by soot agglomerates with AAE 1.0-1.2 and 85-100% of absorption at 520 nm attributed to Black Carbon. Intense photochemical processing of high burn rate flaming combustion emissions in an oxidation flow reactor led to strong formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol, with no or weak absorption. PM1 mass emission factors (mg/kg) of fresh emissions were about an order of magnitude higher for low temperature pyrolysis compared to high temperature combustion. However, emission factors describing the absorption cross section emitted per kg of fuel consumed (m(2)/kg) were of similar magnitude at 520 nm for the diverse combustion conditions investigated in this study. These results provide a link between biomass combustion conditions, emitted particle types, and their optical properties in fresh and processed plumes which can be of value for source apportionment and balanced mitigation of biomass combustion emissions from a climate and health perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Martinsson
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University , Ecology Building, Lund SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - A C Eriksson
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - I Elbæk Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University , Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - V Berg Malmborg
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - E Ahlberg
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University , Ecology Building, Lund SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - C Andersen
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - R Lindgren
- Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University , Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
| | - R Nyström
- Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University , Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
| | - E Z Nordin
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - W H Brune
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-5013, United States
| | - B Svenningsson
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - E Swietlicki
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - C Boman
- Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University , Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
| | - J H Pagels
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University , Box 118, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|