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Balogun JB, Adewale B, Balogun SU, Lawan A, Haladu IS, Dogara MM, Aminu AU, Caffrey CR, De Koning HP, Watanabe Y, Balogun EO. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Primary School Pupils in the Jidawa and Zobiya Communities of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Ann Glob Health 2022; 88:71. [PMID: 36062044 PMCID: PMC9389954 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urogenital schistosomiasis (UgS) is a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium and can lead to chronic ill-health. Nigeria is endemic for schistosomiasis, but epidemiology of UgS has not been studied in most states. This study was conceived with the aim to contribute towards an accurate national picture of UgS in Nigeria. The prevalence of UgS and the associated risk factors were for the first time investigated among primary school pupils in Jidawa and Zobiya communities of the Dutse Local Government Area (LGAs) of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Method Focus group discussions with teachers and parents were conducted. After obtaining written consent from parents, questionnaires were administered to pupils to obtain socio-demographic data and information on water contact activities. Urine samples (279) were collected and processed by the urine filtration technique to evaluate haematuria and the presence of S. haematobium eggs. Results Prevalences of 65.7% (90/137) and 69.0% (98/142) were recorded in the Jidawa and Zobiya communities, respectively. In both communities, there was a significant association between gender and UgS: 63.3% of the infected pupils were males as compared to 36.7% females (χ2 = 5.42, p = 0.020). Grade 5 students had a significantly higher prevalence (χ2 = 17.919, p = 0.001) (80.0%) compared to those in grades 2, 3, 4, and 6 (63.8%, 66.7%, 61.5%, and 64.6%, respectively). Water contact activities showed that pupils involved in fishing, irrigation, and swimming were at greater risk of becoming infected in Jidawa and Zobiya, with odds ratios (risk factors) of 5.4 (0.994-28.862) and 4.1 (1.709-9.862), respectively (p = 0.05). Conclusion Both the Jidawa and Zobiya communities of the Dutse LGAs of Jigawa State are hyperendemic for UgS. In collaboration with the State Ministry of Health, mass administration of praziquantel was carried out in the Jidawa and Zobiya communities after this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Balogun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Jigawa State, NG
| | - B. Adewale
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Lagos State, NG
| | - S. U. Balogun
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Jigawa State, NG
| | - A. Lawan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Jigawa State, NG
| | - I. S. Haladu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Jigawa State, NG
| | - M. M. Dogara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Jigawa State, NG
| | - A. U. Aminu
- Jigawa State Ministry of Health, Block B, New Complex Secretariat, Takur Dutse, Jigawa State, NG
| | - C. R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - H. P. De Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Y. Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, JP
| | - E. O. Balogun
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, JP
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2222, Kaduna State, NG
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Botwe BO, Akudjedu TN, Antwi WK, Rockson P, Mkoloma SS, Balogun EO, Elshami W, Bwambale J, Barare C, Mdletshe S, Yao B, Arkoh S. The integration of artificial intelligence in medical imaging practice: Perspectives of African radiographers. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 27:861-866. [PMID: 33622574 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current technological developments in medical imaging are centred largely on the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into all equipment modalities. This survey assessed the perspectives of African radiographers on the integration of AI in medical imaging in order to offer unique recommendations to support the training of the radiography workforce. METHODS An exploratory cross-sectional online survey of radiographers working within Africa was conducted from March to August 2020. The survey obtained data about their demographics and perspectives on AI implementation and usage. Data obtained were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS A total of 1020 valid responses were obtained. Majority of the respondents (n = 883,86.6%) were working in general X-ray departments. Of the respondents, 84.9% (n = 866) indicated that AI technology would improve radiography practice and quality assurance for efficient diagnosis and improved clinical care. Fear of job losses following the implementation of AI was a key concern of most radiographers (n = 625,61.3%). CONCLUSION Generally, radiographers were delighted about the integration of AI into medical imaging, however; there were concerns about job security and lack of knowledge. There is an urgent need for stakeholders in medical imaging infrastructure development and practices in Africa to start empowering radiographers through training programmes, funding, motivational support, and create clear roadmaps to guide the adoption and integration of AI in medical imaging in Africa. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE The current study offers unique suggestions and recommendations to support the training of the African radiography workforce and others in similar resource-limited settings to provide quality care using AI-integrated imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Botwe
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box KB143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| | - T N Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging & Visualisation, Department of Medical Science & Public Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.
| | - W K Antwi
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box KB143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
| | - P Rockson
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
| | | | - E O Balogun
- National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - W Elshami
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - J Bwambale
- Society of Radiography of Uganda, Uganda.
| | - C Barare
- Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya.
| | - S Mdletshe
- University of Auckland, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - B Yao
- National Institute for Health Technologists' Training (INFAS) Côte d'Ivoire, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - S Arkoh
- Department of Radiography, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Box KB143, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.
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Abalaka SE, Ubah SA, Umeakuana PU, Idoko IS, Sani NA, Obeta SS, Hikosaka K, Inaoka DK, Kita K, Watanabe YI, Balogun EO. Pathological and molecular diagnosis of canine babesiosis in Nigeria: A case report. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2018; 14:150-154. [PMID: 31014721 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S E Abalaka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - S A Ubah
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - P U Umeakuana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - I S Idoko
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - N A Sani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - S S Obeta
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - K Hikosaka
- Department of Infectious and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - D K Inaoka
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y I Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - E O Balogun
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2222, Nigeria.
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Balogun EO, Balogun JB, Yusuf S, Inuwa HM, Ndams IS, Sheridan P, Inaoka DK, Shiba T, Harada S, Kita K, Esievo KAN, Nok AJ. Anemia amelioration by lactose infusion during trypanosomosis could be associated with erythrocytes membrane de-galactosylation. Vet Parasitol 2013; 199:259-63. [PMID: 24238624 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
African trypanosomosis is a potentially fatal disease that is caused by extracellular parasitic protists known as African trypanosomes. These parasites inhabit the blood stream of their mammalian hosts and produce a number of pathological features, amongst which is anemia. Etiology of the anemia has been partly attributed to an autoimmunity-like mediated erythrophagocytosis of de-sialylated red blood cells (dsRBCs) by macrophages. Lactose infusion to infected animals has proven effective at delaying progression of the anemia. However, the mechanism of this anemia prevention is yet to be well characterized. Here, the hypothesis of a likely induced further modification of the dsRBCs was investigated. RBC membrane galactose (RBC m-GAL) and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured during the course of experimental trypanosomosis in mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense (stb 212). Intriguingly, while the membrane galactose on the RBCs of infected and lactose-treated mice (group D) decreased as a function of parasitemia, that of the lactose-untreated infected group (group C) remained relatively constant, as was recorded for the uninfected lactose-treated control (group B) animals. At the peak of infection, the respective cumulative percent decrease in PCV and membrane galactose were 30 and 185 for group D, and 84 and 13 for group C. From this observed inverse relationship between RBCs membrane galactose and PCV, it is logical to rationalize that the delay of anemia progression during trypanosomosis produced by lactose might have resulted from an induction of galactose depletion from dsRBCs, thereby preventing their recognition by the macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2222, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - J B Balogun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, P.M.B. 7156, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - S Yusuf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda
| | - H M Inuwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2222, Nigeria
| | - I S Ndams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2222, Nigeria
| | - P Sheridan
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - D K Inaoka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Shiba
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - S Harada
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - K Kita
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K A N Esievo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2222, Nigeria
| | - A J Nok
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 2222, Nigeria
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Balogun EO, Inaoka DK, Shiba T, Kido Y, Nara T, Aoki T, Honma T, Tanaka A, Inoue M, Matsuoka S, Michels PA, Harada S, Kita K. Biochemical characterization of highly active Trypanosoma brucei gambiense glycerol kinase, a promising drug target. J Biochem 2013; 154:77-84. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yusuf S, Nok AJ, Ameh DA, Adelaiye AB, Balogun EO. Quantitative changes in gastric mucosal glycoproteins: effect of cholinergic agonist and vagal nerve stimulation in the rat. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2004; 16:613-9. [PMID: 15500518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2004.00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of the vagus nerve and cholinergic mechanisms in the control of the rat gastric mucin and protein (PROT) release in vivo was investigated. Under urethane anaesthesia (1.25 g kg(-1)), the rats had their gastric lumen perfused with saline. Mucus secretion was measured as a function of adherent mucus on the mucosa surface and the luminal content of sialic acids (SIA), galactose (GAL), pyruvate and PROT. Electrical stimulation of the vagi significantly increased the levels of mucus (3.23 +/- 025 microg g(-1) tissue, P < 0.05), free sialic acid (FS) (0.18 +/- 0.04 mg mL(-1), P < 0.05) and PROT (0.25 +/- 0.003 mg mL(-1), P < 0.05) when compared with control animals. Bilateral cervical vagotomy had no significant effect on adherent mucus or basal levels of PROT, SIA and GAL (P > 0.05) with respect to the control. In both vagotomized and vagal intact animals, the cholinergic agonist (carbachol, 200 mg kg(-1)) significantly increased PROT, adherent mucus and FS (P < 0.05) and decreased bound sialic acid (P > 0.05). There were no visible haemorrhagic streaks on the gastric mucosa of vagotomized, vagal intact and carbachol-treated animals. The results suggest that vagus nerve does not exert a tonic control on gastric glycoprotein secretion in vivo and that cholinergic effect on the mucus secreting cells may be implemented via the intrinsic nerves of the enteric nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yusuf
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
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