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Diallo A, Eklu-Gadegbeku K, Amegbor K, Agbonon A, Aklikokou K, Creppy E, Gbeassor M. In vivo and in vitro toxicological evaluation of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 155:1214-1218. [PMID: 25048610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In African traditional medicine, Ageratum conyzoides has been used as purgative, febrifuge, anti-ulcer and wound dressing. To date there is no safety information about long term use of Ageratum conyzoides which contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a class of hepatotoxic and carcinogenic phytochemicals. This study aims to evaluate the 90 days subchronic toxicity and in vitro toxicity of Ageratum conyzoides. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of 8 rats (4 males and 4 females) received distilled water (control), 500 and 1000 mg/kg of the extract daily for 90 consecutive days by oral gavage. The animals were observed daily for abnormal clinical signs and death. Body weight, relative organ weight, haematological and biochemical parameters of blood as well as heart, kidney, liver and spleen tissues histology were evaluated. RESULTS After 90 days administration, Ageratum conyzoides increased significantly (p<0.05) the relative weight of the liver, the spleen and kidney as compared to control group. Ageratum conyzoides increased also significantly (p<0.05) ALP, ALT, AST and blood glucose. Furthermore, an increase in the number of platelets associated with a normocytic and normochromic anaemia was observed. The cytotoxicity, determined by the MTT test and neutral red assay, has shown that the cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ageratum conyzoides and its total alkaloids was very close. CONCLUSIONS Our results have shown that Ageratum conyzoides at 500 and 1000 mg/kg can induce liver, kidney and haematological disorders. These toxics effects can be attributed to its total alkaloids especially to pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are present in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboudoulatif Diallo
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lome, P.O. Box 216 Lomé 05, Lomé, Togo.
| | | | - Koffi Amegbor
- Department of Anatomical-Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lome, Togo
| | - Amegnona Agbonon
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo
| | - Kodjo Aklikokou
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo
| | - Edmond Creppy
- Department of Toxicology, Laboratory of Toxicology and Applied Hygiene, University Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
| | - Messanvi Gbeassor
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo
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Pachón OG, Azqueta A, Lavaggi ML, López de Cerain A, Creppy E, Collins A, Cerecetto H, González M, Centelles JJ, Cascante M. Antitumoral Effect of Phenazine N5,N10-Dioxide Derivatives on Caco-2 Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1578-85. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gisela Pachón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
| | - Amaia Azqueta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
| | - Maria Laura Lavaggi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
| | - Edmond Creppy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
| | - Mercedes González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
| | - Josep Joan Centelles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Bromatology, Food Technology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea s/n, 31008 Pamplona, Spain, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et d’Hygiène Appliquée, Université de Bordeaux 2, Victor
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Abid S, Hassen W, Achour A, Skhiri H, Maaroufi K, Ellouz F, Creppy E, Bacha H. Ochratoxin A and human chronic nephropathy in Tunisia: is the situation endemic? Hum Exp Toxicol 2003; 22:77-84. [PMID: 12693831 DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht328oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin that is being increasingly considered as the main causal agent of Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), a fatal kidney disease associated with the end stage of urothelial tumours. However, despite the considerable amount of data, it is still controversial whether OTA plays a causative or only a subordinate role in the induction of this human nephropathy. Tunisia for years had to confront a very similar human nephropathy, which is tentatively called chronic interstitial nephropathy of unknown cause. This study tends firstly to consolidate the suspected link between this Tunisian chronic interstitial nephropathy (CIN) of unknown cause and the presence of OTA in the blood and food of such patients, and second to enlighten the endemic character of this particular nephropathy. Therefore, in four consecutive inquiries, performed within the period 1991-2000, blood and food OTA contaminations were assayed and compared for 954 nephropathy patients and 205 healthy subjects from the Tunisian general population. This survey was also designed to show that, although the whole population is likely to be exposed to OTA, specific people living in conditions showing similarities with the Balkans do have a kidney disease apparently linked to ochratoxin in food. The results showed that the highest incidences were found in patients with CIN of unknown cause. Indeed, the percentages of OTA-positive samples ranged from 93% to 100%, whereas it was only from 62% to 82% in healthy subjects. Mean OTA concentrations were also higher in patients with CIN of unknown cause than in controls (44.4 +/- 19 microg/L to 55.6 +/- 19 microg/L as opposed to 1.22 +/- 1.2 microg/L to 3.35 +/- 2.32 microg/L, respectively). This study emphasizes further the implication of OTA on this particular human nephropathy and underlines the probable causative role of OTA in the onset of this disease. It is important to note that the highest levels of food OTA contamination were found in the group presenting with CIN of unknown cause, indicating that, similar to the case in the Balkans, people are exposed to OTA essentially by their food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Abid
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Substances Biologiquement Compatibles, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Rue Avicenne, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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