1
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Punchihewa N, Wee E, Kelly JW, Mclean C, Mar VJ, Pan Y. The anatomical distribution of lentiginous melanoma (lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma): Differences according to sex. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:e277-e280. [PMID: 37078498 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisal Punchihewa
- Department of Medicine, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edmund Wee
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria J Mar
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Pan
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Kelly R, Gan C, Ting S, Manuelpallai N, Wee E. The simultaneous occurrence of livedoid vasculopathy and lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis in six cases. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:413-416. [PMID: 37185816 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis and livedoid vasculopathy may both present with livedo racemosa and ulceration. We present 6 cases with features of both conditions, raising the possibility that they are either closely linked or are part of a spectrum of the same condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christian Gan
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarajane Ting
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Kelly RI, Wee E, Gan C. Re: Letter from the Editor: Management of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:e63-e64. [PMID: 36997067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian Gan
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Felmingham C, Pan Y, Kok Y, Kelly J, Gin D, Nguyen J, Goh M, Chamberlain A, Oakley A, Tucker S, Berry W, Darling M, Jobson D, Robinson A, de Menezes S, Wang C, Willems A, McLean C, Cranwell W, Adler N, Wada M, Foley P, Brack J, Cumming S, Byars G, Bowling A, Ge Z, Haskett M, Wolfe R, Mar V, Chew C, Chivers S, Chong A, Davenport R, Gupta A, Hiscutt E, Honigman A, Howard M, Jerjen R, Kim M, Li J, Liu W, Lolatgis H, Low ZM, McDonald P, Mumford B, Norris D, Roberts H, Smithson S, Wee E, Wong GN, Yan M, Zallmann M. Improving skin cancer management with ARTificial intelligence: A pre-post intervention trial of an artificial intelligence system used as a diagnostic aid for skin cancer management in a real-world specialist dermatology setting. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 88:1138-1142. [PMID: 36306873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Felmingham
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Pan
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yonatan Kok
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas Gin
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Nguyen
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Goh
- Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Chamberlain
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Oakley
- Waikato District Health Board, Department of Dermatology, Hamilton, New Zealand; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon Tucker
- Cairns Skin Centre, Manoora, Queensland, Australia; Gold Coast Dermatology Clinic, Mermaid Waters, Queensland, Australia
| | - William Berry
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Darling
- Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale Jobson
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Charlie Wang
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Cranwell
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nikki Adler
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miki Wada
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Foley
- Skin Health Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Brack
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Cumming
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Trials Group Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Byars
- Melanoma and Skin Cancer Trials Group Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash eResearch Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University Faculty of Engineering, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria Mar
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Pymm P, Tenzer S, Wee E, Weimershaus M, Burgevin A, Kollnberger S, Gerstoft J, Josephs TM, Ladell K, McLaren JE, Appay V, Price DA, Fugger L, Bell JI, Schild H, van Endert P, Harkiolaki M, Iversen AKN. Epitope length variants balance protective immune responses and viral escape in HIV-1 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110449. [PMID: 35235807 PMCID: PMC9631117 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell responses to a single optimal 10-mer epitope (KK10) in the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) protein p24Gag are associated with enhanced immune control in patients expressing human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B∗27:05. We find that proteasomal activity generates multiple length variants of KK10 (4-14 amino acids), which bind TAP and HLA-B∗27:05. However, only epitope forms ≥8 amino acids evoke peptide length-specific and cross-reactive CTL responses. Structural analyses reveal that all epitope forms bind HLA-B∗27:05 via a conserved N-terminal motif, and competition experiments show that the truncated epitope forms outcompete immunogenic epitope forms for binding to HLA-B∗27:05. Common viral escape mutations abolish (L136M) or impair (R132K) production of KK10 and longer epitope forms. Peptide length influences how well the inhibitory NK cell receptor KIR3DL1 binds HLA-B∗27:05 peptide complexes and how intraepitope mutations affect this interaction. These results identify a viral escape mechanism from CTL and NK responses based on differential antigen processing and peptide competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Pymm
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, 1G Royalparade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Edmund Wee
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mirjana Weimershaus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Burgevin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Simon Kollnberger
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, The National University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tracy M Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Victor Appay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris, France; International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK; Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Tenovus Building, CF14 4XN Cardiff, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DS Oxford, UK
| | - John I Bell
- Office of the Regius Professor of Medicine, The Richard Doll Building, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter van Endert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker, 149 Rue de Severs, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Structural Biology Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, OX11 0DE Didcot, UK
| | - Astrid K N Iversen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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Low S, Wee E, Dorevitch M. Impact of place of residence, frailty and other factors on rehabilitation outcomes post hip fracture. Age Ageing 2021; 50:423-430. [PMID: 32902621 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following hip fracture surgery, patients from residential care are frequently excluded from inpatient rehabilitation. We aimed to assess the impact of place of residence and other factors such as frailty on rehabilitation outcomes after hip fracture surgery. METHODS Retrospective cohort study. Outcome measures included Functional Independence Measure efficiency, discharge destination and recovery of pre-fracture mobility. Univariable and multivariable linear or logistic regression analyses were performed. SETTING One general rehabilitation and two geriatric evaluation and management wards in a large public tertiary teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS A total of 844 patients who underwent inpatient rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery from 2010 to 2018. RESULTS There were 139 (16%) patients from residential care. Being from residential care was not an independent predictor of poor outcomes. Premorbid frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale) was the strongest independent predictor of poorer Functional Independence Measure efficiency, inability to recover pre-fracture mobility and return to community dwelling. Dementia and delirium were also independently predictive of poor outcomes across all measures. Age > 90 years was independently predictive of inability to recover pre-fracture mobility and return to community dwelling. CONCLUSION Being from residential care is not independently associated with poor outcomes following inpatient rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery and should not be the basis for excluding these patients from rehabilitation. Major predictors of poorer outcomes include premorbid frailty, dementia, delirium and age > 90 years. If able and motivated, those with potentially reversible functional limitations should be given the opportunity to participate in inpatient rehabilitation as even small gains can have a significant impact on quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Low
- Department of Geriatrics, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edmund Wee
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Howard M, Xie C, Wee E, Wolfe R, McLean C, Kelly JW, Pan Y. Acral lentiginous melanoma: Clinicopathologic and survival differences according to tumour location. Australas J Dermatol 2020; 61:312-317. [PMID: 32363586 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a melanoma subtype associated with atypical locations on the hands and feet and advanced disease at diagnosis. There is a limited understanding of whether the survival is similar for nail, non-nail, lower limb and upper limb ALM patients. We therefore explored clinicopathologic characteristics and melanoma-specific survival of ALM patients according to tumour location. METHODS A prospectively collected cohort study was performed of all primary invasive cutaneous acral lentiginous melanomas with known thickness and tumour location reviewed at a tertiary referral centre over 21 years. RESULTS A total of 101 ALM patients were reviewed from 1994 until 2016. The majority of cases (82/101) occurred on the feet. Hand ALMs were thicker and more likely to be ulcerated than feet ALMs (P = 0.05 and 0.02, respectively); however, survival was not statistically different between these two groups (univariate HR 0.48 P = 0.11, 95% CI, 0.20-1.17; multivariate HR 0.67 P = 0.40, 95% CI, 0.27-1.69, respectively). Non-nail ALM patients had longer survival when compared to nail ALM on univariate analysis (HR 0.40, 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.90) which was accounted for by Breslow thickness and ulceration (multivariate HR 0.56, 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.34). CONCLUSIONS The reduced melanoma-specific survival in nail ALM patients was likely due to their greater thickness and ulceration. Although hand ALMs are thicker and more frequently ulcerated, this is likely due to the higher proportion of nail ALMs present in this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Howard
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Pan
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Yee M, Kok Y, Ariyaratne P, Yu Y, Scully O, Tay D, Tang C, Ong T, Suhardi H, Aye K, Kyaw A, Wee E, Lee C. 314P Comprehensive microbial signatures and genomic profiling in tumour samples using next generation sequencing. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Yu Y, Scully O, Zhang T, Kyaw Z, Chung V, Tay D, Ariyaratne P, Aye M, Yee M, Kok Y, Wee E, Lacroix L, Lee C. 316P Implementation of Vela Analytics to accelerate comprehensive interpretation and reporting of next-generation sequencing-based oncology testing in clinical diagnostic laboratories. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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10
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Wee E, Wolfe R, Mclean C, Kelly JW, Pan Y. The anatomic distribution of cutaneous melanoma: A detailed study of 5141 lesions. Australas J Dermatol 2020; 61:125-133. [PMID: 31880825 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There is evidence that cutaneous melanomas at different anatomic sites present with distinctive clinicopathologic features. We examined the anatomic distribution of cutaneous melanoma and its variation by patient characteristics, subtype and Breslow thickness, using high-resolution anatomic site data. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed of all primary cutaneous melanoma cases managed at a tertiary referral centre, analysing prospectively collected clinical data across 50 anatomic subsites. RESULTS The study included 5141 in situ or invasive melanomas; most were invasive (76.2%), and the median Breslow thickness of invasive lesions was 1.0 mm. Superficial spreading (57.2%), lentigo maligna (20.8%) and nodular (12.2%) were the most common histopathological subtypes. Sun-exposed sites such as the female nose and cheek, the male ear, as well as the upper back in both sexes had the highest incidence of melanoma per unit area. When compared to the posterior forearm, the scalp, ear, preauricular, perioral, subungual and plantar sites had thicker invasive melanomas (each P < 0.05). The peri-auricular, ear and cheek had the highest incidence of nodular melanoma per unit area. There were subtype-, age- and sex-specific differences in melanoma anatomic distribution. CONCLUSION Melanoma most commonly arises in sun-exposed facial areas, as well as the upper back. Increased thickness is found for melanoma in acral and many head and neck sites. Nodular melanoma is more likely to occur in head and neck sites including the peri-auricular area, ear and cheek. Clinicians should carefully assess these sites during skin examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wee
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Pan
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kelly RI, Wee E, Balta S, Williams RA. Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis and cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa: Clinicopathologic comparison with blinded histologic assessment. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:501-508. [PMID: 32044177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis (LTA), or macular lymphocytic arteritis, is defined by a primary lymphocytic vasculitis. However, the nosology of LTA has been controversial, with speculation that it may represent an indolent non-nodule-forming variant of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (cPAN). OBJECTIVE This study compares the clinicopathologic features of patients with LTA or cPAN to assess if these conditions should be considered distinct entities. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of all LTA and cPAN cases at a single tertiary center using prospectively collected clinical data and blinded histologic assessment. RESULTS The study included 17 patients with LTA and 13 patients with cPAN. Clinically, cases of LTA were distinguished by a more widespread pattern of livedo racemosa, which was noninfiltrated and asymptomatic. In contrast, cPAN was associated with localized starburst livedo, purpura, and episodic features including nodules, pain, and large inflammatory ulcers. When patients were separated according to the presence (>5%) or paucity (≤5%) of neutrophils on blinded histology review, they had distinct clinical features and differences in disease course. LIMITATIONS This was a single-center study. CONCLUSION Our data support the classification of LTA and cPAN as separate entities rather than a spectrum of the same disorder and highlight the importance of clinicopathologic correlation in distinguishing these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Showan Balta
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard A Williams
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Howard M, Xie C, Wee E, Wolfe R, McLean C, Kelly J, Pan Y. Acral lentiginous melanoma: differences in survival compared with other subtypes. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:1056-1057. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.D. Howard
- Victorian Melanoma Service Melbourne Victoria Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - C. Xie
- Department of Dermatology Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - E. Wee
- Department of Dermatology St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - R. Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - C.A. McLean
- Victorian Melanoma Service Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - J.W. Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Y. Pan
- Victorian Melanoma Service Melbourne Victoria Australia
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13
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Howard MD, Wee E, Wolfe R, McLean CA, Kelly JW, Pan Y. Anatomic location of primary melanoma: Survival differences and sun exposure. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:500-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Howard M, Wee E, Wolfe R, McLean C, Kelly J, Pan Y. Differences between pure desmoplastic melanoma and superficial spreading melanoma in terms of survival, distribution and other clinicopathologic features. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1899-1906. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.D. Howard
- Victorian Melanoma Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne Vic. Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - E. Wee
- Department of Dermatology St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - R. Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - C.A. McLean
- Victorian Melanoma Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Department of Pathology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - J.W. Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Y. Pan
- Victorian Melanoma Service Alfred Hospital Melbourne Vic. Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth Natalie Wong
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mei Tam
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wee E, Wolfe R, Mclean C, Kelly JW, Pan Y. Clinically amelanotic or hypomelanotic melanoma: Anatomic distribution, risk factors, and survival. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79:645-651.e4. [PMID: 30241625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recognition and diagnosis of clinically amelanotic or hypomelanotic melanoma is a challenge. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the anatomic distribution and risk factors associated with clinically amelanotic or hypomelanotic melanoma and compare the survival of patients with clinically amelanotic or hypomelanotic melanoma with that of patients with pigmented melanoma. METHODS A prospective cohort study of all cases of primary invasive melanoma managed at a tertiary referral center was performed. RESULTS There were a total of 3913 invasive melanomas, and 384 (9.8%) were clinically amelanotic or hypomelanotic. Skin phototype I; red as well as blonde hair color; actinic keratoses; nodular, desmoplastic, and lentigo maligna subtype; increased Breslow thickness; and mitoses were independently associated with amelanotic or hypomelanotic melanoma (P < .05). After adjustment for subtype and thickness, the face, ears, lateral aspect of the neck, upper portion of the arm, posterior aspect of the forearm, dorsal aspect of the hand, and anterior aspect of the lower portion of the leg were associated with increased odds of amelanotic or hypomelanotic melanoma when compared with the upper portion of the back (P < .05). Mortality risk from melanoma appeared greater for amelanotic or hypomelanotic melanoma than for pigmented melanoma (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.1) but was similar once Breslow thickness was taken into account. LIMITATIONS Single tertiary referral center. CONCLUSION Although clinically amelanotic or hypomelanotic melanoma can occur on all body sites, it is more common on chronically sun-exposed areas. Clinicians should have an increased index of suspicion in patients with a sun-sensitive skin phenotype, red hair, and associated actinic keratoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wee
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rory Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catriona Mclean
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John W Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yan Pan
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Vu M, Adler N, Wee E, Wolfe R, McLean C, Kelly J, Pan Y. Impact of naevus association on survival for nodular and superficial spreading melanomas. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:761-762. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Vu
- Victorian Melanoma Service; The Alfred Hospital; Victoria Australia
| | - N.R. Adler
- Victorian Melanoma Service; The Alfred Hospital; Victoria Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Victoria Australia
| | - E. Wee
- Victorian Melanoma Service; The Alfred Hospital; Victoria Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Victoria Australia
| | - R. Wolfe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Victoria Australia
| | - C.A. McLean
- Victorian Melanoma Service; The Alfred Hospital; Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; The Alfred Hospital; Victoria Australia
| | - J.W. Kelly
- Victorian Melanoma Service; The Alfred Hospital; Victoria Australia
| | - Y. Pan
- Victorian Melanoma Service; The Alfred Hospital; Victoria Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; Monash University; Victoria Australia
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Wee E, Nikpour M, Balta S, Williams RA, Kelly RI. Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis complicated by systemic involvement. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 59:223-225. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology; St Vincent's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Mandana Nikpour
- Department of Rheumatology; St Vincent's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Showan Balta
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; St Vincent's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Richard A Williams
- Department of Anatomical Pathology; St Vincent's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Robert I Kelly
- Department of Dermatology; St Vincent's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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20
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Wee E, Goh MS, Estall V, Tiong A, Webb A, Mitchell C, Murray W, Tran P, McCormack CJ, Henderson M, Hiscutt EL. Retrospective audit of patients referred for further treatment following Mohs surgery for non-melanoma skin cancer. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 59:302-308. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wee
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Michelle S Goh
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Vanessa Estall
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Albert Tiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Angela Webb
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - William Murray
- Department of Pathology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Phillip Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Christopher J McCormack
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Michael Henderson
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Emma L Hiscutt
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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21
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Bialy C, Wee E, Uddin N. Postcardiac injury syndrome and stroke following permanent pacemaker insertion. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-220572. [PMID: 28801329 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An 80-year-old woman initially presented with an episode of pleuritic chest pain 10 days after implantation of a dual chamber permanent pacemaker. She returned to hospital a day later with vomiting and fever. She was found to have new atrial fibrillation in addition to right-sided weakness and dysarthria. An infarct in the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory was later confirmed on CT. She continued to have recurrent febrile episodes associated with vomiting and dyspnoea. Extensive investigations for infection were negative, and her symptoms were initially attributed to aspiration pneumonia. The patient gradually deteriorated despite antibiotics and became progressively short of breath, with development of large pleural and pericardial effusions. A diagnosis of postcardiac injury syndrome was made after exclusion of other differentials. The patient recovered well after pleurocentesis, pericardiocentesis and a pericardial window, with resolution of symptoms without further medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Bialy
- Department of Medicine, Central Gippsland Health Service, Sale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edmund Wee
- Department of Medicine, Central Gippsland Health Service, Sale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Monash Lung & Sleep, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Wee E, Gilmore S, Rodrigues M. Australian trainee dermatologists’ opinions on skin of colour education: Does it reflect changing demographics of the population? Australas J Dermatol 2017; 59:e239-e240. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology; St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Stephen Gilmore
- Dermatology Research Centre; School of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Michelle Rodrigues
- Department of Dermatology; St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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23
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Kelly RI, Wee E, Tancharoen C, Tam MM, Balta S, Williams RA. Three cases of lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis presenting with an annular eruption. Australas J Dermatol 2017; 59:e127-e132. [PMID: 28752544 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe three patients who presented with a striking erythematous non-blanching annular eruption and features of lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis (LTA), with a prominent lymphocytic vasculitis involving deep dermal vessels. Lymphocytic inflammation was also evident in the superficial vessels and one patient had small superficial ulcers over the ankle area resembling livedoid vasculopathy (LV). Multiple biopsies demonstrated a persistent absence of neutrophils in the infiltrate consistent with a lymphocytic process. In addition to highlighting the annular morphology as a novel presentation of LTA, these cases suggest a possible relationship between LV and LTA and support the notion that they are distinct from neutrophilic vasculitides such as cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chasari Tancharoen
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mei M Tam
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Showan Balta
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard A Williams
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Wee E, Kelly RI. The histopathology of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and its relationship with lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:411. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wee
- Department of DermatologySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Robert I. Kelly
- Department of DermatologySt Vincent's Hospital Melbourne VIC Australia
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25
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Koo K, Wee E, Mainwaring P, Wang Y, Trau M. Towards precision medicine: A cancer molecular subtyping nano-strategy for RNA biomarkers in tumor and urine. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology; St Vincent's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Robert I Kelly
- Department of Dermatology; St Vincent's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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27
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Wee E, Denton E, Daffy J. Tuberculous pericarditis leading to cardiac tamponade: importance of screening prior to immunosuppression. Respirol Case Rep 2015; 3:135-7. [PMID: 26740879 PMCID: PMC4694605 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) presenting with pericardial disease complicated by cardiac tamponade is rare in the developed world, although it occurs more frequently in the context of immunosuppression. In this report, a 74‐year‐old man on methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis presented with fever, productive cough and cough‐induced syncope. During his admission, he developed clinical signs of cardiac tamponade confirmed on an echocardiogram, which showed a massive pericardial effusion. He was treated with an urgent pericardiocentesis and a pericardial window. Subsequently, TB polymerase chain reaction of pericardial fluid unexpectedly returned positive, and he was commenced on standard quadruple therapy for TB, as well as high‐dose prednisolone. Notably, the patient did not have a history suggestive of previous TB exposure, and no screening investigations had been performed prior to initiation of methotrexate. This case highlights the importance of TB screening prior to immunosuppressive therapy, even in populations considered low risk for latent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wee
- Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Eve Denton
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - John Daffy
- Department of Infectious Diseases St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
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28
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Abstract
Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is a rare chronic inflammatory granulomatous skin disorder that remains challenging to treat. Here we report three patients at different stages of disease successfully treated with pentoxifylline, a haemorrheological and anti-inflammatory agent. We demonstrate for the first time that early stage NL may be completely reversible with this treatment. Our findings are also consistent with previous isolated reports showing the effectiveness of pentoxifylline in treating ulcerative NL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Wee
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Lakhtakia S, Wee E, Gupta R, Anuradha S, Kalpala R, Monga A, Arjunan S, Reddy DN. Hematuria after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of a renal tumor in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Endoscopy 2012; 44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E133. [PMID: 22619034 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lakhtakia
- Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India.
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30
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Armitage AE, Deforche K, Chang CH, Wee E, Kramer B, Welch JJ, Gerstoft J, Fugger L, McMichael A, Rambaut A, Iversen AKN. APOBEC3G-induced hypermutation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 is typically a discrete "all or nothing" phenomenon. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002550. [PMID: 22457633 PMCID: PMC3310730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) allows studies of ongoing host-pathogen interactions. One key selective host factor is APOBEC3G (hA3G) that can cause extensive and inactivating Guanosine-to-Adenosine (G-to-A) mutation on HIV plus-strand DNA (termed hypermutation). HIV can inhibit this innate anti-viral defense through binding of the viral protein Vif to hA3G, but binding efficiency varies and hypermutation frequencies fluctuate in patients. A pivotal question is whether hA3G-induced G-to-A mutation is always lethal to the virus or if it may occur at sub-lethal frequencies that could increase viral diversification. We show in vitro that limiting-levels of hA3G-activity (i.e. when only a single hA3G-unit is likely to act on HIV) produce hypermutation frequencies similar to those in patients and demonstrate in silico that potentially non-lethal G-to-A mutation rates are ∼10-fold lower than the lowest observed hypermutation levels in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that even a single incorporated hA3G-unit is likely to cause extensive and inactivating levels of HIV hypermutation and that hypermutation therefore is typically a discrete "all or nothing" phenomenon. Thus, therapeutic measures that inhibit the interaction between Vif and hA3G will likely not increase virus diversification but expand the fraction of hypermutated proviruses within the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Armitage
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Koen Deforche
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chih-hao Chang
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Wee
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Kramer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Welch
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, The National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Fugger
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McMichael
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AKNI); (AR)
| | - Astrid K. N. Iversen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AKNI); (AR)
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Abstract
Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is unique from variceal bleeding in terms of patient characteristics, management, rebleeding rates, and prognosis, and should be managed differently. The majority of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeds will not rebleed once treated successfully. The incidence is 80 to 90% of all upper gastrointestinal bleeds and the mortality is between 5 to 10%. The causes include nonacid-related ulceration from tumors, infections, inflammatory disease, Mallory-Weiss tears, erosions, esophagitis, dieulafoy lesions, angiodysplasias, gastric antral vascular ectasia, and portal hypertensive gastropathy. Rarer causes include hemobilia, hemosuccus pancreaticus, and aortoenteric fistulas. Hematemesis and melena are the key features of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, but fresh per rectal bleeding may be present in a rapidly bleeding lesion. Resuscitation and stabilization before endoscopy leads to improved outcomes. Fluid resuscitation is essential to avoid hypotension. Though widely practiced, there is currently insufficient evidence to show that routine red cell transfusion is beneficial. Coagulopathy requires correction, but the optimal international normalized ratio has not been determined yet. Risk stratification scores such as the Rockall and Glasgow-Blatchford scores are useful to predict rebleeding, mortality, and to determine the urgency of endoscopy. Evidence suggests that high-dose proton pump inhibitors (PPI) should be given as an infusion before endoscopy. If patients are intolerant of PPIs, histamine-2 receptor antagonists can be given, although their acid suppression is inferior. Endoscopic therapy includes thermal methods such as coaptive coagulation, argon plasma coagulation, and hemostatic clips. Four quadrant epinephrine injections combined with either thermal therapy or clipping reduces mortality. In hypoxic patients, endoscopy masks allow high-flow oxygen during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The risk of rebleeding reduces after 72 hours. In rebleeding, repeat endoscopy is useful and persistent failure of endoscopic therapy mandates either embolization or surgery. In this review, we analyze the management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding with evidence from the currently published clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wee
- Gastroenterology, Department of General Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.
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Bourke JE, Li X, Foster SR, Wee E, Dagher H, Ziogas J, Harris T, Bonacci JV, Stewart AG. Collagen remodelling by airway smooth muscle is resistant to steroids and β₂-agonists. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:173-82. [PMID: 20595143 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00008109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bi-directional interactions between airway smooth muscle (ASM) and the altered extracellular matrix (ECM) may influence airway wall remodelling and ASM function in asthma. We have investigated the capacity of cultured human ASM to reorganise the structure of three-dimensional collagen gels and the effects of endothelin (ET)-1 and agents used to treat asthma. Human ASM cells were cast in type I collagen gels. Reductions in gel area over 72 h were determined in the absence and presence of ET-1 and potential inhibitors, steroids and β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. Changes in gel wet weights and hydroxyproline content were measured and ASM gel morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Cell density-dependent reductions in gel area were augmented by ET-1, mediated via ET(A) receptors. This process was not associated with ASM contraction or proliferation, but was consistent with ASM tractional remodelling and migration leading to collagen condensation rather than collagen degradation within gels. The collagen remodelling by ASM was unaffected by salbutamol and/or budesonide. This study demonstrates an additional potential role for ASM in ECM regulation and dysregulation in airways disease that is resistant to steroids and β₂-adrenoceptor agonists. Therapy-resistant collagen condensation within ASM bundles may facilitate ECM-ASM interactions and contribute to increased internal airways resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Bourke
- Dept of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Tenzer S, Wee E, Burgevin A, Stewart-Jones G, Friis L, Lamberth K, Chang C, Harndahl M, Weimershaus M, Gerstoft J, Akkad N, Klenerman P, Fugger L, Jones EY, McMichael AJ, Buus S, Schild H, van Endert P, Iversen AK. P16-23. Antigen processing influences HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunodominance. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767751 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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34
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Tenzer S, Wee E, Burgevin A, Stewart-Jones G, Friis L, Lamberth K, Chang CH, Harndahl M, Weimershaus M, Gerstoft J, Akkad N, Klenerman P, Fugger L, Jones EY, McMichael AJ, Buus S, Schild H, van Endert P, Iversen AKN. Antigen processing influences HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunodominance. Nat Immunol 2009; 10:636-46. [PMID: 19412183 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 can potentially target multiple virus epitopes, the same few are recognized repeatedly. We show here that CTL immunodominance in regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group-associated antigen proteins p17 and p24 correlated with epitope abundance, which was strongly influenced by proteasomal digestion profiles, affinity for the transporter protein TAP, and trimming mediated by the endoplasmatic reticulum aminopeptidase ERAAP, and was moderately influenced by HLA affinity. Structural and functional analyses demonstrated that proteasomal cleavage 'preferences' modulated the number and length of epitope-containing peptides, thereby affecting the response avidity and clonality of T cells. Cleavage patterns were affected by both flanking and intraepitope CTL-escape mutations. Our analyses show that antigen processing shapes CTL response hierarchies and that viral evolution modifies cleavage patterns and suggest strategies for in vitro vaccine optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Soon CY, Wee E, Tan HC. Myocardial ischaemia in a patient with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery. Heart 2006; 92:118. [PMID: 16365363 PMCID: PMC1860991 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2005.067645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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37
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Zheng H, Camacho L, Wee E, Batoko H, Legen J, Leaver CJ, Malhó R, Hussey PJ, Moore I. A Rab-E GTPase mutant acts downstream of the Rab-D subclass in biosynthetic membrane traffic to the plasma membrane in tobacco leaf epidermis. Plant Cell 2005; 17:2020-36. [PMID: 15972698 PMCID: PMC1167549 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 04/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The function of the Rab-E subclass of plant Rab GTPases in membrane traffic was investigated using a dominant-inhibitory mutant (RAB-E1(d)[NI]) of Arabidopsis thaliana RAB-E1(d) and in vivo imaging approaches that have been used to characterize similar mutants in the plant Rab-D2 and Rab-F2 subclasses. RAB-E1(d)[NI] inhibited the transport of a secreted green fluorescent protein marker, secGFP, but in contrast with dominant-inhibitory RAB-D2 or RAB-F2 mutants, it did not affect the transport of Golgi or vacuolar markers. Quantitative imaging revealed that RAB-E1(d)[NI] caused less intracellular secGFP accumulation than RAB-D2(a)[NI], a dominant-inhibitory mutant of a member of the Arabidopsis Rab-D2 subclass. Furthermore, whereas RAB-D2(a)[NI] caused secGFP to accumulate exclusively in the endoplasmic reticulum, RAB-E1(d)[NI] caused secGFP to accumulate additionally in the Golgi apparatus and a prevacuolar compartment that could be labeled by FM4-64 and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-tagged Arabidopsis RAB-F2(b). Using the vacuolar protease inhibitor E64-d, it was shown that some secGFP was transported to the vacuole in control cells and in the presence of RAB-E1(d)[NI]. Consistent with the hypothesis that secGFP carries a weak vacuolar-sorting determinant, it was shown that a secreted form of DsRed reaches the apoplast without appearing in the prevacuolar compartment. When fused to RAB-E1(d), YFP was targeted specifically to the Golgi via a saturable nucleotide- and prenylation-dependent mechanism but was never observed on the prevacuolar compartment. We propose that RAB-E1(d)[NI] inhibits the secretory pathway at or after the Golgi, causing an accumulation of secGFP in the upstream compartments and an increase in the quantity of secGFP that enters the vacuolar pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Protein transport along the secretory pathway is supported by a noria of vesicles that bud and fuse, load and unload their cargo from one compartment into the other. However, despite this constant flow-through of proteins and lipids the various compartments of the secretory pathway are able to maintain their own specific composition. Here, we discuss recent insights into mechanisms of protein retention and localization that are necessary for the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- and Golgi-associated typical functions such as protein folding and glycosylation in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gomord
- Laboratoire des Transports Intracellulaires, CNRS-ESA 6037, IFRMP 23, Université de Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Fabiani M, Wee E. Differential load effects in working memory tasks involving shape and location judgments. Neuroimage 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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