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Rodenbusch CR, Ferreira JC, Cunha DLBW, Roehe PM, Soardi MA, Costa EF, Almeida LL. Molecular evidence of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in cattle with suspected rabies in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101495. [PMID: 32889429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rabies and herpetic encephalitis are the main viral infections in bovines with neurological symptoms. Bovine rabies has a high prevalence in Central and South America, while bovine encephalitis associated with herpesvirus is especially important in South America. Viral isolation is the classical way to confirm herpesvirus infection, but molecular evidence of the presence of the virus in affected animals is gaining importance in the diagnosis of the disease in the laboratory. This study investigated the presence of herpesvirus type 1 and 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) in 182 encephalon of rabies-suspected cattle in Rio Grande do Sul state (RS), Brazil using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR). The rabies virus was investigated by direct fluorescent antibody assay and intracerebral suckling mouse inoculation. The genomes of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were detected in 17% of samples. BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 were detected in 100% and 19% of BoHV positive samples, respectively, indicating the circulation of the pathogens in cattle herds in RS. The high Ct values and the absence of isolation suggest viral latency. Coinfection of herpesvirus and the rabies virus was detected in 28% of samples, although no significant association between pathogens was observed. Rabies was detected in 57.7% of suspected samples, confirming the importance of the disease in the state. Concerning the method by which samples were conserved, no significant difference was observed between the number of positive results in frozen and refrigerated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Rodenbusch
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil.
| | - J C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - D L B W Cunha
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - P M Roehe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - M A Soardi
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - E F Costa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - L L Almeida
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS CEP 92990-000, Brazil
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Brasil S, Renck AC, de Meneck F, Brioschi ML, Costa EF, Teixeira MJ. A systematic review on the role of infrared thermography in the Brown adipose tissue assessment. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:37-44. [PMID: 31965434 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an endocrine adipose tissue with attributes to dissipate energy as heat in response to changes in temperature and diet. Infrared thermography (IRT) has been studied in recent years in the assessment of BAT thermogenesis, as an option to positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET-CT), because of several advantages. We performed a systematic review on the use of IRT in BAT assessment. Comprehensive online search was performed in different databases. The QUADAS 2 tool was used to evaluate studies' quality. 12 studies fit the inclusion criteria, whereas only one of these was considered of low risk of bias. 10 studies were favorable to IRT appliance in BAT evaluation, observing elevation of supraclavicular skin temperature correlated with BAT activity. Studies were heterogeneous in design, and a meta-analysis was precluded. Further studies with similar methodologies are needed. Conclusion: Despite the large number of published methodologies, IRT is a promising method for detecting BAT activation. Current knowledge already allows a better understanding of thermography to improve and standardize the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Brasil
- Division of Neurological Surgery. Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra C Renck
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciele de Meneck
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos L Brioschi
- Division of Neurological Surgery. Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine F Costa
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel J Teixeira
- Division of Neurological Surgery. Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gomes NL, Lerário AM, Machado AZ, Moraes DRD, Silva TED, Arnhold IJP, Batista RL, Faria Júnior JAD, Costa EF, Nishi MY, Inacio M, Domenice S, Mendonca BB. Long-term outcomes and molecular analysis of a large cohort of patients with 46,XY disorder of sex development due to partial gonadal dysgenesis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 89:164-177. [PMID: 29668062 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follow-up data on patients with 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) until adulthood are scarce, making information on prognosis difficult. OBJECTIVE To analyse the long-term outcomes of patients with 46,XY PGD regarding testosterone production, germ cell tumour risk, genotype and psychosexual adaptation. METHODS A retrospective longitudinal study of 33 patients (20 assigned male and 13 patients assigned female at birth). Molecular diagnosis was performed by Sanger sequencing or by targeted massively parallel sequencing of 63 genes related to disorders of sex development (DSDs). RESULTS Age at first and last visit ranged from 0.1 to 43 and from 17 to 53 years, respectively. Spontaneous puberty was observed in 57% of the patients. During follow-up, six of them had a gonadectomy (four due to female gender, and two because of a gonadal tumour). At last evaluation, five of six patients had adult male testosterone levels (median 16.7 nmol/L, range 15.3-21.7 nmol/L) and elevated LH and FSH levels. Germ cell tumours were found in two postpubertal patients (one with an abdominal gonad and one patient with Frasier syndrome). Molecular diagnosis was possible in 11 patients (33%). NR5A1 variants were the most prevalent molecular defects (n = 6), and four of five patients harbouring them developed spontaneous puberty. Gender change was observed in four patients, two from each sex assignment group; all patients reported satisfaction with their gender at final evaluation. Sexual intercourse was reported by 81% of both gender and 82% of them reported satisfaction with their sexual lives. CONCLUSION Spontaneous puberty was observed in 57% of the patients with 46,XY PGD, being NR5A1 defects the most prevalent ones among all the patients and in those with spontaneous puberty. Gender change due to gender dysphoria was reported by 12% of the patients. All the patients reported satisfaction with their final gender, and most of them with their sexual life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia L Gomes
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Marcondes Lerário
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aline Zamboni Machado
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rodrigues de Moraes
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thatiana Evilen da Silva
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivo J P Arnhold
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Loch Batista
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Diniz Faria Júnior
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine F Costa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Y Nishi
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlene Inacio
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sorahia Domenice
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Berenice B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42, Hospital das Clínicas, Disciplina de Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Coppini LP, Visniauskas B, Costa EF, Filho MN, Rodrigues EB, Chagas JR, Farah ME, Barros NMT, Carmona AK. Corneal angiogenesis modulation by cysteine cathepsins: In vitro and in vivo studies. Exp Eye Res 2015; 134:39-46. [PMID: 25795052 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corneal avascularization is essential for normal vision. Several antiangiogenic factors were identified in cornea such as endostatin and angiostatin. Cathepsin V, which is highly expressed in the cornea, can hydrolyze human plasminogen to release angiostatin fragments. Herein, we describe a detailed investigation of the expression profile of cathepsins B, L, S and V in the human cornea and the role of cysteine peptidases in modulating angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. We used various methodological tools for this purpose, including real-time PCR, SDS-PAGE, western blotting, catalytic activity assays, cellular assays and induction of corneal neovascularity in rabbit eyes. Human corneal enzymatic activity assays revealed the presence of cysteine proteases that were capable of processing endogenous corneal plasminogen to produce angiostatin-like fragments. Comparative real-time analysis of cathepsin B, L, S and V expression revealed that cathepsin V was the most highly expressed, followed by cathepsins L, B and S. However, cathepsin V depletion revealed that this enzyme is not the major cysteine protease responsible for plasminogen degradation under non-pathological conditions. Furthermore, western blotting analysis indicated that only cathepsins B and S were present in their enzymatically active forms. In vivo analysis of angiogenesis demonstrated that treatment with the cysteine peptidase inhibitor E64 caused a reduction in neovascularization. Taken together, our results show that human corneal cysteine proteases are critically involved in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa P Coppini
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine F Costa
- Departamento de Medicina I, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Milton N Filho
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Instituto da Visão (IPEPO), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Rodrigues
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Instituto da Visão (IPEPO), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair R Chagas
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel E Farah
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Instituto da Visão (IPEPO), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilana M T Barros
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana K Carmona
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Almeida LL, Miranda ICS, Hein HE, Neto WS, Costa EF, Marks FS, Rodenbusch CR, Canal CW, Corbellini LG. Herd-level risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in dairy herds from Southern Brazil. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:901-7. [PMID: 24079841 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was carried out to identify risk factors for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in 300 randomly selected dairy herds which were tested for antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) using a commercial indirect ELISA kit (SVANOVA). Results from the analysis were interpreted according to the Swedish BVDV control scheme. The testing revealed 129 (43%) BTM BVDV antibody-positive herds. Use of artificial insemination (AI) and herd size were significantly associated with BVDV serological status (P<0.05). Dairy herds that use AI had 2.82 increased odds of BVDV-seropositivity (95% CI: 1.02-7.24). Since the semen used in the studied population come from known selected sires, it was hypothesized that AI technicians should represent an important risk factor because the increasing number of visitors in the farm can introduce the virus through the clothes, shoes and contaminated equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Almeida
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Costa EF, Barros NM, Coppini LP, Neves RL, Carmona AK, Penha FM, Rodrigues EB, Dib E, Magalhães O, Moraes-Filho MN, Filho AAL, Maia M, Farah ME. Effects of light exposure, pH, osmolarity, and solvent on the retinal pigment epithelial toxicity of vital dyes. Am J Ophthalmol 2013; 155:705-12, 712.e1. [PMID: 23253911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the in vitro effect of pH, osmolarity, solvent, and light interaction on currently used and novel dyes to minimize dye-related retinal toxicity. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. METHODS Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) human cells (ARPE-19) were exposed for 10 minutes to different pH solutions (4, 5, 6, 7, 7.5, 8, and 9) and glucose solutions (2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 50%) with osmolarity from 142 to 2530 mOsm, with and without 0.5 mg/mL trypan blue. R28 cells were also incubated with glucose (150, 310, and 1000 mOsm) and mannitol used as an osmotic control agent in both experiments. Dye-light interaction was assessed by incubating ARPE-19 for 10 minutes with trypan blue, brilliant blue, bromophenol blue, fast green, light green, or indigo carmine (0.05 mg/mL diluted in balanced saline solution) in the presence of high-brightness xenon and mercury vapor light sources. RESULTS Solutions with nonphysiologic pH, below 7 and above 7.5, proved to be remarkably toxic to RPE cells with or without trypan blue. Also, all glucose solutions were deleterious to RPE (P < .001) even in iso-osmolar range. No harmful effect was found with mannitol solutions. Among the dyes tested, only light green and fast green were toxic to ARPE-19 (P < .001). Light exposure did not increase RPE toxicity either with xenon light or mercury vapor lamp. CONCLUSIONS Solutions containing glucose as a dye solvent or nonphysiologic pH should be used with care in surgical situations where the RPE is exposed. Light exposure under present assay conditions did not increase the RPE toxicity.
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Magalhães O, Maia M, Rodrigues EB, Machado L, Costa EF, Maia A, Moares-Filho MN, Dib E, Farah ME. Perspective on fluid and solid dynamics in different pars plana vitrectomy systems. Am J Ophthalmol 2011; 151:401-5.e1. [PMID: 21251644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize current concepts and recent data from the literature about different vitrectomy machines and small-gauge systems based on physical laws. DESIGN Interpretive essay. METHODS Review and synthesis of selected recent literature with interpretation and perspective. RESULTS Pars plana vitrectomy can be performed with a wide variety of treatment strategies, for multiple diseases, and with different materials (solids and fluids). We discuss a variety of machines and system settings (peristaltic pump, duty cycle, aspiration, and infusion controls) targeting safer and the most effective surgery with detailed explanations of the physical properties. CONCLUSIONS Effective management of new surgical strategies is based on recognizing and addressing various physical characteristics in disease and ocular settings. Although the properties of machine are expanding, the long-term efficacy and safety of most new approaches have yet to be established in controlled clinical trials.
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Farah ME, Maia M, Furlani B, Bottós J, Meyer CH, Lima V, Penha FM, Costa EF, Rodrigues EB. Current concepts of trypan blue in chromovitrectomy. Dev Ophthalmol 2008; 42:91-100. [PMID: 18535383 DOI: 10.1159/000138980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trypan blue (TB) is a blue vital dye with fine color properties to stain the anterior lens capsule and thereby may facilitate capsulorrhexis during cataract surgery. In addition, the blue stain may assist in the visualization of various preretinal membranes and tissues during vitreoretinal surgery in a procedure also called chromovitrectomy. TB has demonstrated great binding affinity for the glial epiretinal membranes, although it remains yet to be determined in which circumstances the dye may color the vitreous and internal limiting membrane. Most studies suggest that 0.06% TB does not pose harm to the retina, but at higher concentrations further investigation is necessary. In this paper, various aspects of the application of TB for chromovitrectomy are discussed including laboratory investigations, surgical technique and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel E Farah
- Vision Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Prata TS, Lima VC, Pinto LM, Costa EF, Melo LAS. Diode Laser Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation-Induced Staphyloma Following Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2008; 39:343-5. [DOI: 10.3928/15428877-20080701-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sterling KG, Costa EF, Henry MH, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI. Responses of broiler chickens to cottonseed- and soybean meal-based diets at several protein levels. Poult Sci 2002; 81:217-26. [PMID: 11873830 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.2.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of broiler chicks fed diets with cottonseed meal (CSM) as the major protein source. Experiment 1 was a 3 x 2 factorial with three crude protein levels (17, 20, and 23%) by two protein sources, CSM or soybean meal (SBM). Diets were fed to male broilers (n = 840) in floor pens from 21 to 49 d of age. L-Lysine-HCl was added to keep lysine at 5.22% of protein. Protein source and level had significant (P < 0.001) effects on BW gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), respectively (no source by level interactions). The average BWG were 1.80, 2.00, and 2.00 kg for birds fed CSM-based diets, compared with 1.93, 2.09, and 2.21 for SBM-based diets (17, 20, and 23% protein, respectively). The average FCR were 2.56, 2.31, and 2.25 for CSM-fed broilers and 2.39, 2.16, and 2.08 for SBM-fed broilers. Significant effects of protein source or level were found for percentage of chilled carcass, fillets, tenders, saddles, and fat pads. In Experiment 2, male broiler chicks (n = 336) were used to determine the lysine requirement of chicks fed a corn and CSM-based diet with 20% CSM and 6% SBM. The basal diet contained by calculation 3,200 kcal/kg of ME, 20% CP, and 0.81% lysine. Graded levels of lysine (0.81 to 1.30% in increments of 0.07%) were fed to chicks from 10 to 20 d, and BW and residual feed were measured at 20 d. The requirement, as determined by breakpoint analysis, was 1.023+/-0.01% lysine (R2 = 0.84) for BWG and 1.028+/-0.02% lysine (R2 = 0.56) for FCR. In Experiment 3, a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments involved feeding CSM or SBM to male and female broiler chicks (n = 768) from 21 to 42 d at four dietary protein levels (17, 20, 23, and 26% CP). Lysine was kept at 5.5% of the dietary protein and consisted of the calculated minimum level, established in Experiment 2, plus 7%. Protein level, but not source, had a significant effect on BWG and FCR (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) for males. The average BWG were 1.53, 1.74, 1.78, and 1.81 kg for birds fed CSM compared to 1.46, 1.72, 1.84, and 1.82 kg for those fed SBM (17, 20, 23, and 26% CP, respectively); average FCR were 2.36, 2.14, 2.05, and 1.97 for CSM compared to 2.35,2.04, 1.87, and 1.80 for SBM. Protein source and level significantly (P < 0.05) affected feed intake. Significant effects of protein source or level were found for percentage carcass, fillet, tenders, leg quarters, and fat pads. Females had similar qualitative responses. This study showed that at slightly higher protein levels CSM could replace SBM in broiler grower diets to achieve similar performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Sterling
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-2772, USA
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Abstract
The proportions of fibres of the collagenous and elastic systems were measured in the aortas of three normal heifers and in nine heifers given the calcinogenic plant Solanum glaucophyllum for 15, 30 or 60 days. There were decreases in the amount of collagen relative to reticulin, and in the proportion of elastic fibres which were related to the period of dosing. These changes may have an adverse influence on the animals' cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Portiansky
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
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Abstract
Four experiments were conducted to compare the performance of broilers fed soybean meal (SBM) versus peanut meal (PNM) as protein sources. Ross x Ross 208 broiler chickens were placed in battery brooders (Experiments 1 to 3, four replicates of 8 chicks per treatment) and floor pens (Experiment 4, four replicates of 34 chicks per treatment). In Experiment 1, addition of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% Thr to a corn-PNM-based diet increased 0 to 18 d BW gain (BWG; 0.374c vs. 0.495b vs. 0.508b vs. 0.508b kg, respectively) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR; 2.09c vs. 1.63b vs. vs. 1.54b vs. 1.54b g/g, respectively) compared to the corn-SBM-based control diet (BWG = 0.593a and FCR = 1.36a). In Experiment 2, diets were formulated with the same amino acid minimums, and as the percentage of PNM increased in the diets (0, 10, 20, and 32%), BWG decreased (0.560a vs. 0.532a vs. 0.521a vs. 0.458b kg, respectively) and FCR increased (1.72b vs. 1.71b vs. 1.79bc vs. 1.86c g/g, respectively). In Experiment 3, addition of Thr to a corn-PNM-based diet increased BWG (-Thr = 0.284c vs. +Thr = 0.397b kg) and decreased FCR (-Thr = 1.60b vs. +Thr = 1.54b g/g). The BWG and FCR were best for the corn-SBM-based control diet (0.499a kg and 1.38a g/g, respectively). In Experiment 4, during the growing period (18 to 42 d), significant interactions occurred between protein source (PNM vs. SBM) and protein level (16 and 20% vs. 24%) for BW and FCR but not for carcass, breast, or leg quarter yield or fat pad weights (P < 0.05) at 42 d of age. Technical (not economic) performance of birds fed PNM was similar to SBM at the highest protein levels fed. PNM could be used as a protein source for broilers under appropriate economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Costa
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens 30602-7509, USA
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Gimeno EJ, Costa EF, Gomar MS, Massone AR, Portiansky EL. Effects of plant-induced hypervitaminosis D on cutaneous structure, cell differentiation and cell proliferation in cattle. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 2000; 47:201-11. [PMID: 10887751 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2000.00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Solanum glaucophyllum (Sg) (synonym S. malacoxylon) is a plant toxic to cattle due to its high levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as glycoside derivatives. Sg causes a disease characterized by wasting and calcification of soft tissues. The effects of vitamin D are not only important in calcium homeostasis, but also in immune regulation, cell growth and cell differentiation. Skin samples in Sg-intoxicated and control heifers were studied histologically. Cellular differentiation and proliferation were analysed by immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins, involucrin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The results were obtained by image processing and analysis and were statistically evaluated. Sg-intoxicated cattle showed atrophy of epidermis and severe involution of hair follicles and of sebaceous and sweat glands. As judged by PCNA expression, cellular proliferation was reduced, even though the reduction was not statistically significant. The analysed markers of differentiation, e.g. involucrin and cytokeratins 10 and 11, changed in relation to Sg-poisoning. The possible pathogenesis of the skin lesions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Gimeno
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina.
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Costa EF, Wanke B, Monteiro PC, Porto E, Wanke NC, Lacaz CDS. Cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Scytalidium lignicola - report of the first three cases in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 1989; 84:135-6. [PMID: 2319947 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02761989000100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E F Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brasil
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