1
|
Rapid population growth and high management costs have created a narrow window for control of introduced hippos in Colombia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6193. [PMID: 37062768 PMCID: PMC10106455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of hippos into the wild in Colombia has been marked by their rapid population growth and widespread dispersal on the landscape, high financial costs of management, and conflicting social perspectives on their management and fate. Here we use population projection models to investigate the effectiveness and cost of management options under consideration for controlling introduced hippos. We estimate there are 91 hippos in the middle Magdalena River basin, Colombia, and the hippo population is growing at an estimated rate of 9.6% per year. At this rate, there will be 230 hippos by 2032 and over 1,000 by 2050. Applying the population control methods currently under consideration will cost at least 1-2 million USD to sufficiently decrease hippo population growth to achieve long-term removal, and depending on the management strategy selected, there may still be hippos on the landscape for 50-100 years. Delaying management actions for a single decade will increase minimum costs by a factor of 2.5, and some methods may become infeasible. Our approach illustrates the trade-offs inherent between cost and effort in managing introduced species, as well as the importance of acting quickly, especially when dealing with species with rapid population growth rates and potential for significant ecological and social impacts.
Collapse
|
2
|
Conserving Brazil's free-flowing rivers. Science 2023. [PMID: 36862770 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg9858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
|
3
|
River rhythmicity: A conceptual means of understanding and leveraging the relational values of rivers. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
4
|
Abstract
Proposed hydropower dams at more than 350 sites throughout the Amazon require strategic evaluation of trade-offs between the numerous ecosystem services provided by Earth's largest and most biodiverse river basin. These services are spatially variable, hence collective impacts of newly built dams depend strongly on their configuration. We use multiobjective optimization to identify portfolios of sites that simultaneously minimize impacts on river flow, river connectivity, sediment transport, fish diversity, and greenhouse gas emissions while achieving energy production goals. We find that uncoordinated, dam-by-dam hydropower expansion has resulted in forgone ecosystem service benefits. Minimizing further damage from hydropower development requires considering diverse environmental impacts across the entire basin, as well as cooperation among Amazonian nations. Our findings offer a transferable model for the evaluation of hydropower expansion in transboundary basins.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Riverine floodplains are biologically diverse and productive ecosystems. Although tropical floodplains remain relatively conserved and ecologically functional compared to those at higher latitudes, they face accelerated hydropower development, climate change, and deforestation. Alterations to the flood pulse could act synergistically with other drivers of change to promote profound ecological state change at a large spatial scale. State change occurs when an ecosystem reaches a critical threshold or tipping point, which leads to an alternative qualitative state for the ecosystem. Visualizing an alternative state for Amazonian floodplains is not straightforward. Yet, it is critical to recognize that changes to the flood pulse could push tropical floodplain ecosystems over a tipping point with cascading adverse effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. We characterize the Amazonian flood pulse regime, summarize evidence of flood pulse change, assess potential ecological repercussions, and provide a monitoring framework for tracking flood pulse change and detecting biotic responses.
Collapse
|
6
|
NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics. Ecology 2020; 101:e03115. [PMID: 32700802 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data.
Collapse
|
7
|
The combined effects of climate change and river fragmentation on the distribution of Andean Amazon fishes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5509-5523. [PMID: 32785968 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Upstream range shifts of freshwater fishes have been documented in recent years due to ongoing climate change. River fragmentation by dams, presenting physical barriers, can limit the climatically induced spatial redistribution of fishes. Andean freshwater ecosystems in the Neotropical region are expected to be highly affected by these future disturbances. However, proper evaluations are still missing. Combining species distribution models and functional traits of Andean Amazon fishes, coupled with dam locations and climatic projections (2070s), we (a) evaluated the potential impacts of future climate on species ranges, (b) investigated the combined impact of river fragmentation and climate change and (c) tested the relationships between these impacts and species functional traits. Results show that climate change will induce range contraction for most of the Andean Amazon fish species, particularly those inhabiting highlands. Dams are not predicted to greatly limit future range shifts for most species (i.e., the Barrier effect). However, some of these barriers should prevent upstream shifts for a considerable number of species, reducing future potential diversity in some basins. River fragmentation is predicted to act jointly with climate change in promoting a considerable decrease in the probability of species to persist in the long-term because of splitting species ranges in smaller fragments (i.e., the Isolation effect). Benthic and fast-flowing water adapted species with hydrodynamic bodies are significantly associated with severe range contractions from climate change.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Tropical montane rivers (TMR) are born in tropical mountains, descend through montane forests, and feed major rivers, floodplains, and oceans. They are characterized by rapid temperature clines and varied flow disturbance regimes, both of which promote habitat heterogeneity, high biological diversity and endemism, and distinct organisms' life-history adaptations. Production, transport, and processing of sediments, nutrients, and carbon are key ecosystem processes connecting high-elevation streams with lowland floodplains, in turn influencing soil fertility and biotic productivity downstream. TMR provide key ecosystem services to hundreds of millions of people in tropical nations. In light of existing human-induced disturbances, including climate change, TMR can be used as natural model systems to examine the effects of rapid changes in abiotic drivers and their influence on biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Collapse
|
9
|
Understanding rivers and their social relations: A critical step to advance environmental water management. WIRES. WATER 2019; 6:10.1002/wat2.1381. [PMID: 31827789 PMCID: PMC6905518 DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
River flows connect people, places, and other forms of life, inspiring and sustaining diverse cultural beliefs, values, and ways of life. The concept of environmental flows provides a framework for improving understanding of relationships between river flows and people, and for supporting those that are mutually beneficial. Nevertheless, most approaches to determining environmental flows remain grounded in the biophysical sciences. The newly revised Brisbane Declaration and Global Action Agenda on Environmental Flows (2018) represents a new phase in environmental flow science and an opportunity to better consider the co-constitution of river flows, ecosystems, and society, and to more explicitly incorporate these relationships into river management. We synthesize understanding of relationships between people and rivers as conceived under the renewed definition of environmental flows. We present case studies from Honduras, India, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia that illustrate multidisciplinary, collaborative efforts where recognizing and meeting diverse flow needs of human populations was central to establishing environmental flow recommendations. We also review a small body of literature to highlight examples of the diversity and interdependencies of human-flow relationships-such as the linkages between river flow and human well-being, spiritual needs, cultural identity, and sense of place-that are typically overlooked when environmental flows are assessed and negotiated. Finally, we call for scientists and water managers to recognize the diversity of ways of knowing, relating to, and utilizing rivers, and to place this recognition at the center of future environmental flow assessments. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness Human Water > Water Governance Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fragmentation of Andes-to-Amazon connectivity by hydropower dams. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao1642. [PMID: 29399629 PMCID: PMC5792221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Andes-to-Amazon river connectivity controls numerous natural and human systems in the greater Amazon. However, it is being rapidly altered by a wave of new hydropower development, the impacts of which have been previously underestimated. We document 142 dams existing or under construction and 160 proposed dams for rivers draining the Andean headwaters of the Amazon. Existing dams have fragmented the tributary networks of six of eight major Andean Amazon river basins. Proposed dams could result in significant losses in river connectivity in river mainstems of five of eight major systems-the Napo, Marañón, Ucayali, Beni, and Mamoré. With a newly reported 671 freshwater fish species inhabiting the Andean headwaters of the Amazon (>500 m), dams threaten previously unrecognized biodiversity, particularly among endemic and migratory species. Because Andean rivers contribute most of the sediment in the mainstem Amazon, losses in river connectivity translate to drastic alteration of river channel and floodplain geomorphology and associated ecosystem services.
Collapse
|
11
|
2015 Snapshot of Water Security in the Nile, Mekong, and Amazon River Basins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/lob.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
12
|
New perspectives on an iconic landscape from comparative international long-term ecological research. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00388.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
13
|
|
14
|
A regional perspective on the diversity and conservation of tropical Andean fishes. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2011; 25:30-39. [PMID: 20735451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The tropical Andes harbor an extraordinarily varied concentration of species in a landscape under increasing pressure from human activities. Conservation of the region's native plants and animals has received considerable international attention, but the focus has been on terrestrial biota. The conservation of freshwater fauna, particularly the conservation of fishes, has not been emphasized. Tropical Andean fishes are among the most understudied vertebrates in the world. We estimate that between 400 and 600 fish species inhabit the diverse aquatic environments in the region. Nearly 40% of these species are endemic. Tropical Andean fishes are vulnerable to ongoing environmental changes related to deforestation, water withdrawals, water pollution, species introductions, and hydropower development. Additionally, their distributions and population dynamics may be affected by hydrologic alterations and warmer water temperatures associated with projected climate change. Presently, at least three species are considered extinct, some populations are endangered, and some species are likely to decline or disappear. The long-term persistence of tropical Andean fishes will depend on greater consideration of freshwater systems in regional conservation initiatives.
Collapse
|
15
|
GALACTOSEMIA, A CONGENITAL DEFECT IN A NUCLEOTIDE TRANSFERASE: A PRELIMINARY REPORT. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 42:49-51. [PMID: 16589815 PMCID: PMC528210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.42.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
16
|
Use of an in vitro biotinylation technique for determination of posttransfusion viability of stored canine packed red blood cells. Am J Vet Res 1998; 59:397-400. [PMID: 9563619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine posttransfusion viability (PTV) of canine RBC stored for 35 days in an additive solution, using in vitro biotinylation and technetium-99m and chromium-51 (99mTc/51Cr) labeling techniques. SAMPLE POPULATION 6 random source, adult dogs. PROCEDURE RBC from dogs were labeled with N-hydroxysuccinimide biotin (NHS-biotin) or 99mTc/51Cr in a crossover design. One unit (450 ml) of whole blood was collected from each dog, processed into packed RBC, and stored for 35 days in an additive solution. The process was repeated at a later date, so that each dog had 2 units stored under similar conditions. Stored autologous RBC were then labeled with either NHS-biotin or 51Cr and reinfused. When 51Cr was used, labeled cells were infused simultaneously with freshly drawn cells labeled with 99mTc. Posttransfusion viability of labeled cells was determined by dividing counts per minute (99mTc/51Cr) or percentage of cells (NHS-biotin) labeled at 24 hours by counts per minute or percentage of cells labeled after infusion. RESULTS Mean PTV of packed RBC stored for 35 days in an additive system was 80% when determined by biotinylation, 83% as determined by 99mTc/ 51Cr, and 81% as determined by 51Cr alone. CONCLUSIONS In vitro biotinylation provides an acceptable, nonradioisotopic means of determining PTV of stored canine packed RBC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE NHS-biotin can be used to determine maximal storage time of canine RBC prepared for transfusion purposes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tumor markers and their significance in the management of breast cancer. Workshop, National Institutes of Health, March 6, 1985. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1985; 6:249-54. [PMID: 4092100 DOI: 10.1007/bf01806776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular components from both normal and neoplastic breast tissue as markers for breast tumors has long been recognized as of major potential for breast cancer diagnosis, and has been an area of active research. Recent developments in immunological approaches have further stimulated this field by permitting new specificity in the identification and characterization of such markers. Breast tumor markers are now being explored in immunohistochemistry, radioimaging, immunodiagnosis, and even in attempts at their utilization in therapy. To bring together an update on research in this area, a workshop was held in March at the National Institutes of Health, sponsored by the advisory Breast Cancer Working Group and the Breast Cancer Program of the National Cancer Institutes (Dr. Elizabeth Anderson, Program Director) through the auspices of the Organ Systems Coordinating Center (at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Dr. Clement Ip, Scientific Administrator). The 1 1/2 day workshop included three sessions: Circulating Tumor Markers, Breast Cancer Antigens, and Estrogen Metabolites and Estrogen-Induced Proteins.
Collapse
|
18
|
Uridine-cytidine kinase. IV. Kinetics of the competition between 5-azacytidine and the two natural substrates. Mol Pharmacol 1979; 15:331-40. [PMID: 89627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
19
|
|
20
|
|
21
|
Uridine-cytidine kinase. III. Competition between uridine and cytidine for a single enzyme. Mol Cell Biochem 1977; 17:141-6. [PMID: 200838 DOI: 10.1007/bf01730833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The combined phosphorylation of uridine and cytidine by a partially purified preparation of uridine-cytidine kinase has been studied with dual-substrate kinetics. The kinetic patterns obtained are consistent with the theoretical analysis for two competing, alternate substrates interacting with a single enzyme. Thus, despite feedback regulation of the kinase by both UTP and CTP, the results allow a clear conclusion that both nucleosides are phosphorylated by the same enzyme, and probably at a single site, rather than by two closely related isozymes, each specific for one pyrimidine.
Collapse
|
22
|
From the secretary's desk. NEW MEXICO DENTAL JOURNAL 1977; 27:4. [PMID: 268595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
23
|
Uridine-cytidine kinase. Purification from a murine neoplasm and characterization of the enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 168:66-73. [PMID: 166617 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Grievance prevention. NEW MEXICO DENTAL JOURNAL 1974; 24:10-1. [PMID: 4524133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
26
|
ATP:UMP-CMP phosphotransferase from Tetrahymena pyriformis. II. Kinetic studies and reaction mechanism with UMP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 302:38-49. [PMID: 4632564 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(73)90006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Adenosine triphosphate: uridine monophosphate-cytidine monophosphate phosphotransferase from Tetrahymena pyriformis. J Biol Chem 1969; 244:5994-6002. [PMID: 5350952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
30
|
|