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Xia T, Yang M, Marabella I, Lee EM, Olson B, Zarling D, Torremorell M, Clack HL. Inactivation of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) by a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:122266. [PMID: 32126420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) is one of the most significant airborne viruses impacting the pork industry in the US. Non-thermal plasmas (NTPs) are electrical discharges comprised of reactive radicals and excited species that inactivate viruses and bacteria. Our previous experiments using a packed bed NTP reactor demonstrated effective inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 as a function of applied voltage and power. The present study examined the effectiveness of the same reactor in inactivating aerosolized PRRSv. A PRRSv solution containing ∼105 TCID50/ml of PRRSv VR2332 strain was aerosolized at 3 ml/min by an air-jet nebulizer and introduced into 5 or 12 cfm air flow followed by NTP exposure in the reactor. Twin impingers upstream and downstream of the reactor collected samples of the virus-laden air flow for subsequent TCID50 assay and qPCR analyses. An optical particle sizer measured upstream and downstream aerosol size distributions, giving estimates of aerosol filtration by the reactor. The results showed that PRRSv was inactivated to a similar degree as MS2 at the same conditions, with the maximum 1.3-log inactivation of PRRSv achieved at 20 kV and 12 cfm air flow rate. The results demonstrate the potential of properly optimized NTPs in controlling PRRSv transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - M Yang
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - I Marabella
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - E M Lee
- Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - B Olson
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - D Zarling
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - M Torremorell
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - H L Clack
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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2
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Lee EM, Delgado S, Hendessi P. Surgical Approach to a Large Cervical Fibroid. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee EM, Matthews BJ, Rodriguez JV, Perkins R, Morgan JR, O'Horo S, Paasche-Orlow MK. 1538 Incidence of Gynecologic Cancers in Women after Uterine Fibroid Embolization. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xia T, Kleinheksel A, Lee EM, Qiao Z, Wigginton KR, Clack HL. Inactivation of airborne viruses using a packed bed non-thermal plasma reactor. J Phys D Appl Phys 2019; 52:255201. [PMID: 32287389 PMCID: PMC7106774 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of airborne infectious diseases such as measles or severe acute respiratory syndrome can cause significant public alarm. Where ventilation systems facilitate disease transmission to humans or animals, there exists a need for control measures that provide effective protection while imposing minimal pressure differential. In the present study, viral aerosols in an airstream were subjected to non-thermal plasma (NTP) exposure within a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor. Comparisons of plaque assays before and after NTP treatment found exponentially increasing inactivation of aerosolized MS2 phage with increasing applied voltage. At 30 kV and an air flow rate of 170 standard liters per minute, a greater than 2.3 log reduction of infective virus was achieved across the reactor. This reduction represented ~2 log of the MS2 inactivated and ~0.35 log physically removed in the packed bed. Increasing the air flow rate from 170 to 330 liters per minute did not significantly impact virus inactivation effectiveness. Activated carbon-based ozone filters greatly reduced residual ozone, in some cases down to background levels, while adding less than 20 Pa pressure differential to the 45 Pa differential pressure across the packed bed at the flow rate of 170 standard liters per minute.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of
| | - A Kleinheksel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of
| | - E M Lee
- Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Z Qiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of
| | - K R Wigginton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of
| | - H L Clack
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of
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Abstract
Women seeking sexually transmitted disease (STD) services are at high risk of human papillomavirus infections. Cervical cytological screening with Papanicolau staining (Pap smear) is not consistently offered at public STD clinics. We reviewed Pap smear results on a series of 1000 female STD clinic attendees, abstracted demographics, risk behaviours and STD diagnosis from the clinical record and tested for associations with abnormal Pap smear. In all, 5.7% of the satisfactory specimens (56/993) were abnormal; increasing age category, genital warts, and chlamydia infections were independently associated with an abnormal Pap smear in multivariate analysis. Routine Pap smear screening provided satisfactory results in the STD clinic and, where population-based programmes are not available, should be fully integrated into public STD care, (particularly in settings serving younger women).
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Kanno
- University of Maryland, Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Human Virology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Busfield SJ, Biondo M, Wong M, Ramshaw HS, Lee EM, Ghosh S, Braley H, Panousis C, Roberts AW, He SZ, Thomas D, Fabri L, Vairo G, Lock RB, Lopez AF, Nash AD. Targeting of acute myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo with an anti-CD123 mAb engineered for optimal ADCC. Leukemia 2014; 28:2213-21. [PMID: 24705479 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous group of related diseases in urgent need of better therapeutic options. Despite this heterogeneity, overexpression of the interleukin (IL)-3 receptor α-chain (IL-3 Rα/CD123) on both the blast and leukemic stem cell (LSC) populations is a common occurrence, a finding that has generated wide interest in devising new therapeutic approaches that target CD123 in AML patients. We report here the development of CSL362, a monoclonal antibody to CD123 that has been humanized, affinity-matured and Fc-engineered for increased affinity for human CD16 (FcγRIIIa). In vitro studies demonstrated that CSL362 potently induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of both AML blasts and CD34(+)CD38(-)CD123(+) LSC by NK cells. Importantly, CSL362 was highly effective in vivo reducing leukemic cell growth in AML xenograft mouse models and potently depleting plasmacytoid dendritic cells and basophils in cynomolgus monkeys. Significantly, we demonstrated CSL362-dependent autologous depletion of AML blasts ex vivo, indicating that CSL362 enables the efficient killing of AML cells by the patient's own NK cells. These studies offer a new therapeutic option for AML patients with adequate NK-cell function and warrant the clinical development of CSL362 for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Busfield
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Biondo
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Wong
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - H S Ramshaw
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - E M Lee
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Ghosh
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Braley
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Panousis
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A W Roberts
- 1] Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [3] The Walter and Elisa Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Z He
- 1] Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Thomas
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L Fabri
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Vairo
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A F Lopez
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A D Nash
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Kim SB, Tsang J, Kim TY, Yap YS, Cornelio G, Gong G, Paik S, Lee S, Ng TY, Park S, Oh HS, Yau T, Lee SH, Lim JH, Choi YJ, Lee EM, Park KH, Do IG, Yeoh EM, Ro J. Abstract P4-12-28: HER2-related biomarkers in HER2+ breast cancer patients in Asia Pacific. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p4-12-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that HER2-related molecular markers such as PTEN deletion or downregulation, PIK3CA mutation, truncated HER2 receptor (p95HER2), and tumor HER2 mRNA levels, have the potential to predict anti-HER2 treatment response. We evaluated the distribution of these biomarkers at the time of primary diagnosis and their relationship to responsiveness to lapatinib treatment in the metastatic setting in HER2+ breast cancer patients.
We conducted an observational study of female HER2+ breast cancer patients who were initiated on lapatinib treatment following recurrence or metastases in five Asia Pacific countries. Patients were enrolled between August 2010 and December 2012. Eligible patients had a tumor biopsy specimen available from their primary breast cancer diagnosis or before they started on any anti-HER2 treatment, had not been exposed to more than two lines of anti-HER2 treatment in the metastatic setting or other experimental anti-HER2 treatment, and had no other primary tumor. Biomarkers levels at primary diagnosis were measured; PTEN levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry and PIK3CA mutations were detected by a mass spectroscopy-based approach. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) from the initiation of first lapatinib-based regimen given in metastatic setting to disease progression from that regimen or death from any cause. PFS analysis was conducted with a data cut-off date of 31 December 2012.
A total of 162 patients were included in this study and 96% have confirmed HER2+ breast cancer primary tumor. The mean age was 52±10 years and 97% had metastases at study entry, with bone being the most common site of metastasis (48%). About a quarter had PTEN protein loss (24%), 30% had PIK3CA mutation, and 7% had both at primary diagnosis. No significant association was observed between both biomarkers or between each biomarker and estrogen receptor status or HER2 status.
Table 1. Relationship between PTEN and PIK3CA PIK3CA mutation, n (%)PIK3CA wild-type, n (%)p-valuePTEN status 0.674Loss11 (29)27 (71) Normal33 (33)68 (67)
Patients with altered PTEN expression, or PIK3CA mutation showed comparable PFS with lapatinib-based treatment as those with normal PTEN or PIK3CA expression at analysis cut-off date (median PFS 7.5 and 8.5 months respectively vs. 8.9 and 9.0 months respectively; p = 0.502 and p = 0.268 respectively). There remained no significant difference in PFS after having adjusted for significant confounders (HR 1.2 and 1.1 respectively; 95% CI 0.7–1.9 and 0.7–1.8 respectively; p = 0.481 and p = 0.730 respectively). The distribution of p95HER2 expression and tumor HER mRNA levels and their association with PFS will be included at the time of presentation.
Our preliminary findings suggest that PTEN alteration, or PIK3CA mutation may not be predictive of clinical response to lapatinib treatment in HER2+ breast cancer patients. The final PFS results with additional markers will provide more clues regarding their relationship to treatment response.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-12-28.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-B Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - J Tsang
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - T-Y Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - YS Yap
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - G Cornelio
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - G Gong
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - S Paik
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - S Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - T-Y Ng
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - S Park
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - H-S Oh
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - T Yau
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - SH Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - JH Lim
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - Y-J Choi
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - EM Lee
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - K-H Park
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - I-G Do
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - E-M Yeoh
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
| | - J Ro
- Asan Medical Center, Korea; Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul National University Hospital, Korea; National Cancer Center, Singapore; San Juan De Dios Hospital, Philippines; Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Korea; Dong-A University Medical Centre, Korea; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea; GangNeung Asan Hospital, Korea; Yonsei University Medical Centre, Korea; Inha University Hospital, Korea; Pusan National University Hospital, Korea; Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Korea; Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea; Samsung Medical Center, Korea; GlaxoSmithKline Pte Ltd, Singapore; National Cancer Center, Korea
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Webster CR, Mahaffy PR, Atreya SK, Flesch GJ, Farley KA, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Minitti M, Cremers D, Bell JF, Edgar L, Farmer J, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, King P, Blank J, Weigle G, Schmidt M, Li S, Milliken R, Robertson K, Sun V, Baker M, Edwards C, Ehlmann B, Farley K, Griffes J, Grotzinger J, Miller H, Newcombe M, Pilorget C, Rice M, Siebach K, Stack K, Stolper E, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Léveillé R, Marchand G, Sánchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Steele A, Flückiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israël G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Pérez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens‐Aparicio C, Rodríguez JC, Blázquez IC, Gómez FG, Elvira JG, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jiménez MM, Martínez-Frías J, Soler JM, Martín-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, López SN, Peinado-González V, Pla-García J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planelló JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Manning H, Fairén A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Squyres S, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpää H, Kauhanen J, Kemppinen O, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wray J, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Gupta S, Bish D, Schieber J, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d’Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Maurice S, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schröder S, Toplis M, Lewin É, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Oehler D, Sutter B, Cabane M, Coscia D, Israël G, Szopa C, Dromart G, Robert F, Sautter V, Le Mouélic S, Mangold N, Nachon M, Buch A, Stalport F, Coll P, François P, Raulin F, Teinturier S, Cameron J, Clegg S, Cousin A, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Wiens RC, Williams RB, Jones A, Kirkland L, Treiman A, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Edgett K, Fay D, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, Malin M, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Miller K, Summons R, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Dyar MD, Fassett C, Blake DF, Bristow T, DesMarais D, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Wilhelm MB, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Conrad P, Dworkin JP, Eigenbrode J, Floyd M, Freissinet C, Garvin J, Glavin D, Harpold D, Jones A, Mahaffy P, Martin DK, McAdam A, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Stern J, Tan F, Trainer M, Meyer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Anderson RC, Aubrey A, Beegle LW, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Calef F, Christensen L, Crisp JA, DeFlores L, Ehlmann B, Feldman J, Feldman S, Flesch G, Hurowitz J, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Maki J, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Parker T, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Vasavada AR, Webster CR, Yen A, Archer PD, Cucinotta F, Jones JH, Ming D, Morris RV, Niles P, Rampe E, Nolan T, Fisk M, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Vaniman D, Williams RME, Yingst A, Lewis K, Leshin L, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhès G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Grant J, Vicenzi E, Wilson SA, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, McLennan S, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Anderson RB, Herkenhoff K, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernández MÁDP, Ávalos JJB, Ramos M, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Navarro-González R, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Dietrich W, Kortmann O, Palucis M, Sumner DY, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Rubin D, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Gellert R, Perrett G, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Owen T, Rowland S, Atlaskin E, Savijärvi H, Boehm E, Böttcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Köhler J, García CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Franz H, Bower H, Brunner A, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Atreya S, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Rennó N, Wong M, Pepin R, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Newsom H, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Kah LC, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Kocurek G, Hallet B, Sletten R, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Kuzmin R, Arvidson R, Fraeman A, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. Low Upper Limit to Methane Abundance on Mars. Science 2013; 342:355-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1242902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sushil K. Atreya
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gregory J. Flesch
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Farley
- Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Stolper EM, Baker MB, Newcombe ME, Schmidt ME, Treiman AH, Cousin A, Dyar MD, Fisk MR, Gellert R, King PL, Leshin L, Maurice S, McLennan SM, Minitti ME, Perrett G, Rowland S, Sautter V, Wiens RC, Kemppinen O, Bridges N, Johnson JR, Cremers D, Bell JF, Edgar L, Farmer J, Godber A, Wadhwa M, Wellington D, McEwan I, Newman C, Richardson M, Charpentier A, Peret L, Blank J, Weigle G, Li S, Milliken R, Robertson K, Sun V, Edwards C, Ehlmann B, Farley K, Griffes J, Grotzinger J, Miller H, Pilorget C, Rice M, Siebach K, Stack K, Brunet C, Hipkin V, Léveillé R, Marchand G, Sánchez PS, Favot L, Cody G, Steele A, Flückiger L, Lees D, Nefian A, Martin M, Gailhanou M, Westall F, Israël G, Agard C, Baroukh J, Donny C, Gaboriaud A, Guillemot P, Lafaille V, Lorigny E, Paillet A, Pérez R, Saccoccio M, Yana C, Armiens‐Aparicio C, Rodríguez JC, Blázquez IC, Gómez FG, Gómez-Elvira J, Hettrich S, Malvitte AL, Jiménez MM, Martínez-Frías J, Martín-Soler J, Martín-Torres FJ, Jurado AM, Mora-Sotomayor L, Caro GM, López SN, Peinado-González V, Pla-García J, Manfredi JAR, Romeral-Planelló JJ, Fuentes SAS, Martinez ES, Redondo JT, Urqui-O'Callaghan R, Mier MPZ, Chipera S, Lacour JL, Mauchien P, Sirven JB, Manning H, Fairén A, Hayes A, Joseph J, Squyres S, Sullivan R, Thomas P, Dupont A, Lundberg A, Melikechi N, Mezzacappa A, DeMarines J, Grinspoon D, Reitz G, Prats B, Atlaskin E, Genzer M, Harri AM, Haukka H, Kahanpää H, Kauhanen J, Kemppinen O, Paton M, Polkko J, Schmidt W, Siili T, Fabre C, Wray J, Wilhelm MB, Poitrasson F, Patel K, Gorevan S, Indyk S, Paulsen G, Gupta S, Bish D, Schieber J, Gondet B, Langevin Y, Geffroy C, Baratoux D, Berger G, Cros A, d’Uston C, Forni O, Gasnault O, Lasue J, Lee QM, Meslin PY, Pallier E, Parot Y, Pinet P, Schröder S, Toplis M, Lewin É, Brunner W, Heydari E, Achilles C, Oehler D, Sutter B, Cabane M, Coscia D, Israël G, Szopa C, Teinturier S, Dromart G, Robert F, Le Mouélic S, Mangold N, Nachon M, Buch A, Stalport F, Coll P, François P, Raulin F, Cameron J, Clegg S, DeLapp D, Dingler R, Jackson RS, Johnstone S, Lanza N, Little C, Nelson T, Williams RB, Kirkland L, Baker B, Cantor B, Caplinger M, Davis S, Duston B, Edgett K, Fay D, Hardgrove C, Harker D, Herrera P, Jensen E, Kennedy MR, Krezoski G, Krysak D, Lipkaman L, Malin M, McCartney E, McNair S, Nixon B, Posiolova L, Ravine M, Salamon A, Saper L, Stoiber K, Supulver K, Van Beek J, Van Beek T, Zimdar R, French KL, Iagnemma K, Miller K, Summons R, Goesmann F, Goetz W, Hviid S, Johnson M, Lefavor M, Lyness E, Breves E, Fassett C, Blake DF, Bristow T, DesMarais D, Edwards L, Haberle R, Hoehler T, Hollingsworth J, Kahre M, Keely L, McKay C, Wilhelm MB, Bleacher L, Brinckerhoff W, Choi D, Conrad P, Dworkin JP, Eigenbrode J, Floyd M, Freissinet C, Garvin J, Glavin D, Harpold D, Mahaffy P, Martin DK, McAdam A, Pavlov A, Raaen E, Smith MD, Stern J, Tan F, Trainer M, Meyer M, Posner A, Voytek M, Anderson RC, Aubrey A, Beegle LW, Behar A, Blaney D, Brinza D, Calef F, Christensen L, Crisp J, DeFlores L, Ehlmann B, Feldman J, Feldman S, Flesch G, Hurowitz J, Jun I, Keymeulen D, Maki J, Mischna M, Morookian JM, Parker T, Pavri B, Schoppers M, Sengstacken A, Simmonds JJ, Spanovich N, Juarez MDLT, Vasavada A, Webster CR, Yen A, Archer PD, Cucinotta F, Jones JH, Ming D, Morris RV, Niles P, Rampe E, Nolan T, Radziemski L, Barraclough B, Bender S, Berman D, Dobrea EN, Tokar R, Vaniman D, Williams RME, Yingst A, Lewis K, Cleghorn T, Huntress W, Manhès G, Hudgins J, Olson T, Stewart N, Sarrazin P, Grant J, Vicenzi E, Wilson SA, Bullock M, Ehresmann B, Hamilton V, Hassler D, Peterson J, Rafkin S, Zeitlin C, Fedosov F, Golovin D, Karpushkina N, Kozyrev A, Litvak M, Malakhov A, Mitrofanov I, Mokrousov M, Nikiforov S, Prokhorov V, Sanin A, Tretyakov V, Varenikov A, Vostrukhin A, Kuzmin R, Clark B, Wolff M, Botta O, Drake D, Bean K, Lemmon M, Schwenzer SP, Anderson RB, Herkenhoff K, Lee EM, Sucharski R, Hernández MÁDP, Ávalos JJB, Ramos M, Jones A, Kim MH, Malespin C, Plante I, Muller JP, Navarro-González R, Ewing R, Boynton W, Downs R, Fitzgibbon M, Harshman K, Morrison S, Dietrich W, Kortmann O, Palucis M, Sumner DY, Williams A, Lugmair G, Wilson MA, Rubin D, Jakosky B, Balic-Zunic T, Frydenvang J, Jensen JK, Kinch K, Koefoed A, Madsen MB, Stipp SLS, Boyd N, Campbell JL, Pradler I, VanBommel S, Jacob S, Owen T, Atlaskin E, Savijärvi H, Boehm E, Böttcher S, Burmeister S, Guo J, Köhler J, García CM, Mueller-Mellin R, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Bridges JC, McConnochie T, Benna M, Franz H, Bower H, Brunner A, Blau H, Boucher T, Carmosino M, Atreya S, Elliott H, Halleaux D, Rennó N, Wong M, Pepin R, Elliott B, Spray J, Thompson L, Gordon S, Newsom H, Ollila A, Williams J, Vasconcelos P, Bentz J, Nealson K, Popa R, Kah LC, Moersch J, Tate C, Day M, Kocurek G, Hallet B, Sletten R, Francis R, McCullough E, Cloutis E, ten Kate IL, Kuzmin R, Arvidson R, Fraeman A, Scholes D, Slavney S, Stein T, Ward J, Berger J, Moores JE. The Petrochemistry of Jake_M: A Martian Mugearite. Science 2013; 341:1239463. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1239463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. E. Schmidt
- Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2T 3V8, Canada
| | - A. H. Treiman
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - A. Cousin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
- Institut de Recherches en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 31028 Toulouse, France
| | - M. D. Dyar
- Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA
| | - M. R. Fisk
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - R. Gellert
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - P. L. King
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - L. Leshin
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - S. Maurice
- Institut de Recherches en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 31028 Toulouse, France
| | - S. M. McLennan
- The State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - M. E. Minitti
- Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 20723, USA
| | - G. Perrett
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S. Rowland
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - V. Sautter
- Laboratoire de Minéralogie et Cosmochimie du Muséum, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R. C. Wiens
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Kim YK, Seo HS, Lee EM, Na JO, Choi CU, Lim HE, Kim EJ, Rha SW, Park CG, Oh DJ. Association of hypertension with small, dense low-density lipoprotein in patients without metabolic syndrome. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:670-6. [PMID: 21975689 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A higher proportion of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is known to be associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in association with metabolic syndrome (MS). Hypertension (HTN) is one of the known risk factors for MS. However, whether HTN is associated with sdLDL in patients without MS is not yet clear. The lipid profiles, including low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions, of 383 consecutive subjects were evaluated. The patients without MS consisted of 198 hypertensive patients (non-MS/HTN group) and 108 normotensive subjects (non-MS/non-HTN group). The peak and mean particle diameter of LDL were measured by gradient gel electrophoresis. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol/Apo A1, LDL-C/ApoB and Apo(A1, B, CII and E) levels did not differ between the non-MS/non-HTN and non-MS/HTN groups. When analyzing LDL subfraction, the absolute amount of patterns A and B was not different between the non-MS/non-HTN and non-MS/HTN groups. Compared with the non-MS/non-HTN groups, the proportion of sdLDL was higher in the non-MS/HTN group (37.7% versus 39.9%, P=0.046), but not significant after adjustment of waist circumference, serum TG, age and statin usage. The proportion of sdLDL to total LDL was higher in hypertensive subjects, even those without MS, than in normotensive subjects. However, this difference of LDL subfraction in hypertensive patients is associated with higher waist circumference, higher serum TG, older age and more statin usage. This result suggests that HTN may contribute to atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction with associated risk factors that influence LDL size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
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Abstract
This paper is about a glass-type wireless bio-signal transmitter that can monitor the user's health state in daily life. The device implemented in this study consists of the transmission part and the receiving part. The transmission part includes a photoplethysmography(PPG) sensor for detecting pulse wave signals, accelerometer for detecting kinetic signals, and a wireless controller for transmitting acquired bio-information. The receiving part is designed to check and process transmitted data through interoperation with a PC. In the experiments, we collected data during a sitting posture and repeated sit-to-stand motion in laboratory environment, and analyzed the data. As to accuracy, the correlation between the peak-to-peak intervals in the signals of the Biopac equipment and the developed device measured in a sitting posture was 97.5%, and that measured in sit-to-stand motion was 87%. In addition, when bio-signals were transmitted through wireless communication, the transmission was successful 100% without any error. When pulse wave signals and kinetic signals were obtained and compared, the results proved the accuracy and daily applicability of the developed device, and the glass-type wireless bio-signal transmission system is expected to be applicable to unobtrusive health monitoring for the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, South Korea.
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Calvert PA, Rafiq I, Ozdemir B, Watson W, Hansom S, McCormick L, Rana BS, Lee EM, Dunning J, Rusk RA, Webb ST, Klein AA, Sudarshan C, Tsui S, Shapiro LM, Densem CG. 091 Multi-disciplinary team assessment of high risk patients with severe aortic valve stenosis leads to better than predicted survival, earlier tracheal extubation and shorter intensive care stay. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.196071.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Herkenhoff KE, Grotzinger J, Knoll AH, McLennan SM, Weitz C, Yingst A, Anderson R, Archinal BA, Arvidson RE, Barrett JM, Becker KJ, Bell JF, Budney C, Chapman MG, Cook D, Ehlmann B, Franklin B, Gaddis LR, Galuszka DM, Garcia PA, Geissler P, Hare TM, Howington-Kraus E, Johnson JR, Keszthelyi L, Kirk RL, Lanagan P, Lee EM, Leff C, Maki JN, Mullins KF, Parker TJ, Redding BL, Rosiek MR, Sims MH, Soderblom LA, Spanovich N, Springer R, Squyres SW, Stolper D, Sucharski RM, Sucharski T, Sullivan R, Torson JM. Surface processes recorded by rocks and soils on Meridiani Planum, Mars: Microscopic Imager observations during Opportunity's first three extended missions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008je003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lee EM, Kim NH, Trang NT, Hong JH, Cha EJ, Lee TS. Respiratory rate detection algorithms by photoplethysmography signal processing. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2008:1140-1143. [PMID: 19162865 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoplethysmography (PPG) offers the clinically meaningful parameters, such as, heart rate, and respiratory rate. In this study, we presented three respiratory signal detection algorithms using photoplethysmography raw data generated from commercial PPG sensor: (1)Min-Max (2)Peak-to-Peak (3)Pulse Shape. As reference signal, nasal sensor signal was acquired simultaneously and compared and analyzed. We used two types of moving average filtering technique to process three PPG parameters. In laboratory experiment, 6 subjects' PPG signals were measured when they respire ten and fifteen, and arbitrary times per minute. From the results, following conclusions were drawn. Min-Max and Peak-to-Peak algorithms perform better than Pulse shape algorithm. They can be used to detect respiratory rate. But, Pulse Shape algorithm was accurate for subject 4 only. More experimental data is necessary to improve the accuracy and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Coward
- The Pharmacological Laboratories of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Coward
- The Pharmacological Laboratory of the College of the Pharmaceutical Society
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Kim I, Lee EM, Seol KY, Yun EY, Lee YB, Hwang JS, Jin BR. The mitochondrial genome of the Korean hairstreak, Coreana raphaelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Insect Mol Biol 2006; 15:217-25. [PMID: 16640732 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Korean hairstreak, Coreana raphaelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule was 15,314 bp long. The C. raphaelis genes were in the same order and orientation as the completely sequenced mitogenomes of other lepidopteran species, except for the presence of an extra copy of tRNA(Ser)(AGN). High similarity in primary sequence and secondary structure between the two tandemly located copies of the tRNA(Ser)(AGN) suggest a recent duplication of an original single tRNA(Ser)(AGN). The DHU arm of the two copies of tRNA(Ser)(AGN) formed a simple loop as seen in many other metazoan mt tRNA(Ser)(AGN). The putative initiation codon for the C. raphaelis COI gene appears to be a tetranucleotide, TTAG, found commonly in the sequenced lepidopterans. ATPase8, ATPase6, ND4L and ND6 genes, which are next to another protein-coding gene at their 3' end all had the sequences potential to form a hairpin structure, suggesting the importance of such a structure for precise cleavage of the mature protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, The National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Herkenhoff KE, Squyres SW, Anderson R, Archinal BA, Arvidson RE, Barrett JM, Becker KJ, Bell JF, Budney C, Cabrol NA, Chapman MG, Cook D, Ehlmann BL, Farmer J, Franklin B, Gaddis LR, Galuszka DM, Garcia PA, Hare TM, Howington-Kraus E, Johnson JR, Johnson S, Kinch K, Kirk RL, Lee EM, Leff C, Lemmon M, Madsen MB, Maki JN, Mullins KF, Redding BL, Richter L, Rosiek MR, Sims MH, Soderblom LA, Spanovich N, Springer R, Sucharski RM, Sucharski T, Sullivan R, Torson JM, Yen A. Overview of the Microscopic Imager Investigation during Spirit's first 450 sols in Gusev crater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve W. Squyres
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Robert Anderson
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - Raymond E. Arvidson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Washington University; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Janet M. Barrett
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Kris J. Becker
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - James F. Bell
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Charles Budney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - Mary G. Chapman
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Debbie Cook
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Bethany L. Ehlmann
- Environmental Change Institute, Department of Geography and Environment; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Jack Farmer
- Department of Geological Sciences; Arizona State University; Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Brenda Franklin
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Lisa R. Gaddis
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | | | | | - Trent M. Hare
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | | | | | - Sarah Johnson
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Kjartan Kinch
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - Randolph L. Kirk
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Ella Mae Lee
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Craig Leff
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Mark Lemmon
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Morten B. Madsen
- Center for Planetary Science, Danish Space Research Institute and Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Justin N. Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - Kevin F. Mullins
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | | | - Lutz Richter
- DLR Institut für Raumsimulation; Cologne Germany
| | - Mark R. Rosiek
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | | | | | - Nicole Spanovich
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | - Richard Springer
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - Tracie Sucharski
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Rob Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA
| | - James M. Torson
- Astrogeology Team; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Albert Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
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Organo C, Lee EM, Menezes G, Finch EC. Investigation of occupational radiation exposures to NORM at an Irish peat-fired power station and potential use of peat fly ash by the construction industry. J Radiol Prot 2005; 25:461-74. [PMID: 16340073 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/25/4/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Annually, approximately 15% of Ireland's electricity requirement is provided through the combustion of 3 x 10(6) tonnes of peat. While the literature on coal-fired power generation is quite abundant, studies on the peat-fired power generation industry from a radiological point of view are scarce. A study of the largest Irish peat-fired power plant was initiated to review the potential occupational radiation exposures arising from the occurrence of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) at different stages of the industrial process and to investigate any radiological health consequences that may arise should peat fly ash be used as a component of building materials. Ambient gamma dose rate measurements, radon measurements, quantification of the occupational exposure from inhalation of airborne particles (personal air sampling) and gamma spectrometry analysis of peat, peat ash and effluent samples from the ash ponds were undertaken. The results indicate that the radiation dose received by any worker involved in the processing of the peat and the handling of the ash resulting from peat combustion does not exceed 150 microSv per annum. Regulatory control of the peat-fired power generation is therefore unnecessary according to the Irish legislation with regards to NORM. The potential use of peat fly ash as a by-product in the building industry was also found to have a negligible radiological impact for construction workers and for members of the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Organo
- Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland, 3 Clonskeagh Square, Clonskeagh Road, Dublin 14, Republic of Ireland.
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Abstract
This paper presents the findings of a study undertaken to determine the natural radioactivity present in building materials in the Republic of Ireland. A total of 70 samples of commonly used building materials were collected from various manufacturers and suppliers throughout the country and analyzed using a HPGe gamma ray spectrometer. The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured in all samples, and results ranged from minimum values of <1, <1, and 4 Bq kg(-1) to maximum values of 139, 57, and 1,977 Bq kg(-1), with mean values of 32, 18, and 353 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Results obtained were compared with relevant national, EU, and international legislation and guidance, and with the results of similar studies undertaken in other countries. These activities would suggest that the use of such building materials in the construction of domestic dwellings or workplaces in Ireland is unlikely to give rise to any significant radiation exposure to the occupants. In general, these activities were comparable to the results of similar studies undertaken in other countries. 137Cs activity was also detected in some samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- University of Dublin, Trinity College, Department of Physics, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Hildick-Smith DJR, O'Sullivan M, Wisbey CR, Mackay JH, Lee EM, Shapiro LM. Amplatzer device closure of atrial septal defects in mature adults: analysis of 76 cases. Heart 2004; 90:334-5. [PMID: 14966065 PMCID: PMC1768097 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2002.008516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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22
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Lee EM, Hong SH, Lee YJ, Kang YH, Choi KC, Choi SH, Kim IH, Lim SJ. Liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer in cancer cells expressing various levels of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2003; 130:169-77. [PMID: 14677059 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-003-0521-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is frequently observed in malignant cancer, hampering adenoviral gene therapy approaches. Complexing adenovirus with cationic liposomes can increase adenoviral transgene expression, particularly in cells with CAR-deficiency. We investigated whether other factors such as lipid composition might be involved in determining the efficiency of liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer in cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human cancer cell lines with different expression levels of CAR were infected with a GFP transgene. The efficiency of transgene expression was assessed by determining GFP expression using FACS analysis. RESULTS The efficiency of liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer was dependent on the lipid composition constituting liposomes. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing liposomes were most effective in increasing liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer. In CAR-deficient cells, use of PEG-containing liposomes enhanced adenoviral gene transfer, whereas in CAR-expressing cells enhancement varied depending on cell type. In some CAR-expressing cells, the effect of liposome complexing was even comparable to that in CAR-deficient cells. Increased adenoviral transgene expression following complexing with PEG-containing liposomes correlated with liposome uptake in cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Liposome-complexed adenoviral gene transfer appears to depend on lipid composition and the level of liposome uptake by cancer cells, in addition to CAR levels. Our study suggest that these multiple factors should be considered in designing liposome-complexed adenoviral vectors to improve outcomes of current adenoviral cancer gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu-Dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Lee EM, Pollock CA, Drumm K, Barden JA, Poronnik P. Effects of pathophysiological concentrations of albumin on NHE3 activity and cell proliferation in primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 285:F748-57. [PMID: 12799307 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00442.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of renal disease correlates strongly with hypertension and the degree of proteinuria, suggesting a link between excessive Na+ reabsorption and exposure of the proximal tubule to protein. The present study investigated the effects of albumin on cell growth and Na+ uptake in primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells (PTC). Albumin (1.0 mg/ml) increased cell proliferation to 134.1 +/- 11.8% (P < 0.001) of control levels with no change in levels of apoptosis. Exposure to 0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml albumin increased total 22Na+ uptake to 119.1 +/- 6.3% (P = 0.005) and 115.6 +/- 5.3% (P < 0.006) of control levels, respectively, because of an increase in Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) activity. This was associated with an increase in NHE3 mRNA to 161.1 +/- 15.1% (P < 0.005) of control levels in response to 0.1 mg/ml albumin. Using confocal microscopy with a novel antibody raised against the predicted extracellular NH2 terminus of human NHE3, we observed in nonpermeabilized cells that exposure of PTC to albumin (0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml) increased NHE3 at the cell surface to 115.4 +/- 2.7% (P < 0.0005) and 122.4 +/- 3.7% (P < 0.0001) of control levels, respectively. This effect was paralleled by significant increases in NHE3 in the subplasmalemmal region as measured in permeabilized cells. These albumin-induced increases in expression and activity of NHE3 in PTC suggest a possible mechanism for Na+ retention in response to proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Renal Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonard's, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is both multifactorial and polygenic in nature. Atheroma formation, the pathological hallmark of CAD, is an inflammatory process, with pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), having a major role in its pathogenesis. We have therefore investigated whether polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha (- 238 and - 308), TNF receptor 1 (position - 609 and + 10, intron 6) and TNF receptor 2 (position + 422, codon 198) genes show an association with CAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with angiographically proven single vessel (n = 58) and multivessel (n = 122) CAD were compared to patients with angiographically proven normal coronary arteries (n = 79) and volunteers without clinical evidence of CAD (n = 250). Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. For the TNF-alpha polymorphisms, a meta-analysis of all published studies was also undertaken. RESULTS No significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies were found between the normal coronary artery group or healthy volunteers and patients with CAD for any of the polymorphisms. There was also no difference in allele frequency between patients with single- and multivessel disease. For the - 308 and - 238 TNRalpha gene polymorphisms, a meta-analysis of our data and previously published studies failed to demonstrate any significant association with CAD. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha promoter region and TNF-receptor genes are not associated with the development of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Allen
- Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Whinney Heys Road, Blackpool, UK
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25
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Tetali S, Lee EM, Kaplan MH, Romano JW, Ginocchio CC. Chemokine receptor CCR5 Delta 32 genetic analysis using multiple specimen types and the NucliSens Basic Kit. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001; 8:965-71. [PMID: 11527812 PMCID: PMC96180 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.8.5.965-971.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to HIV-1 infection and delayed disease progression have been associated with a 32-bp deletion (Delta32) in the gene encoding the CCR5 chemokine receptor. In the present study we describe the modification of a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)-based CCR5 genotyping assay for a NucliSens Basic Kit (Organon Teknika, Durham, N.C.) format using a new target-specific sandwich oligonucleotide detection methodology. The new method permitted the use of generic electrochemiluminescent probes supplied in the NucliSens Basic Kit, whereas the original NASBA method required expensive target-specific ruthenium detection probes. The Basic Kit CCR5 Delta32 genotypic analysis was in 100% concordance with both the original NASBA assay and DNA PCR results. This study also evaluated the use of multiple specimen types, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whole blood, dried blood spots, buccal scrapings, and plasma, for CCR5 genotype analysis. The sensitivities of the three assays were comparable when PBMC or whole blood was the specimen source. In contrast, when dried blood spots, buccal scrapings, or plasma was used as the sample source, the sensitivity of DNA PCR was 80.95, 42.8, or 0%, respectively, compared to 100% sensitivity obtained with the original NASBA and Basic Kit NASBA assays. Our study indicates that the NucliSens Basic Kit NASBA assay is very sensitive and specific for CCR5 Delta32 genotyping using multiple sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tetali
- North Shore University Hospital-New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Romano JW, Shurtliff RN, Lee EM, Cornelison R, Than S, Kaplan MH, Ginocchio CC. RANTES and MIP-1beta mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: transcript quantification using NASBA technology. J Immunol Methods 2001; 255:115-24. [PMID: 11470292 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(01)00412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of chemokines in the immune response, as well as in a range of specific disease states, is becoming increasingly apparent. The role of CC- (or beta-) chemokines and their receptors in the pathology and mechanisms of HIV-1 infection has served to intensify interest in these factors. Although the functionality of these factors resides in their protein forms, assays for the detection and quantification of these protein factors in clinical samples are not readily available. Consequently, we designed NASBA-based assays for the quantification of the mRNA encoding two members of the CC-chemokine family: RANTES and MIP-1beta. The NASBA-based assays are extremely sensitive, accurate, and reproducible across a dynamic range of at least four orders of magnitude. Inter-assay performance is comparable to intra-assay performance. We applied these methods to the analysis of normal human PBMC and PBMC from HIV-1 infected individuals. Although MIP-1beta mRNA levels are higher than RANTES levels in both populations, RANTES levels in HIV-1+ patients are higher than in normal individuals. The utility of these assays in longitudinal studies of specific subpopulations of cells, as well as their potential use in clinical diagnostics, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Romano
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, MD 20895, USA.
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Wu SJ, Lee EM, Putvatana R, Shurtliff RN, Porter KR, Suharyono W, Watts DM, King CC, Murphy GS, Hayes CG, Romano JW. Detection of dengue viral RNA using a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:2794-8. [PMID: 11473994 PMCID: PMC88241 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.8.2794-2798.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Faster techniques are needed for the early diagnosis of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever during the acute viremic phase of infection. An isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay was optimized to amplify viral RNA of all four dengue virus serotypes by a set of universal primers and to type the amplified products by serotype-specific capture probes. The NASBA assay involved the use of silica to extract viral nucleic acid, which was amplified without thermocycling. The amplified product was detected by a probe-hybridization method that utilized electrochemiluminescence. Using normal human plasma spiked with dengue viruses, the NASBA assay had a detection threshold of 1 to 10 PFU/ml. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined by testing 67 dengue virus-positive and 21 dengue virus-negative human serum or plasma samples. The "gold standard" used for comparison and evaluation was the mosquito C6/36 cell culture assay followed by an immunofluorescent assay. Viral infectivity titers in test samples were also determined by a direct plaque assay in Vero cells. The NASBA assay was able to detect dengue viral RNA in the clinical samples at plaque titers below 25 PFU/ml (the detection limit of the plaque assay). Of the 67 samples found positive by the C6/36 assay, 66 were found positive by the NASBA assay, for a sensitivity of 98.5%. The NASBA assay had a specificity of 100% based on the negative test results for the 21 normal human serum or plasma samples. These results indicate that the NASBA assay is a promising assay for the early diagnosis of dengue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wu
- Viral Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-7500, USA.
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Romano JW, Shurtliff RN, Grace M, Lee EM, Ginocchio C, Kaplan M, Pal R. Macrophage-derived chemokine gene expression in human and macaque cells: mRNA quantification using NASBA technology. Cytokine 2001; 13:325-33. [PMID: 11292315 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2001.0843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) is a CC-chemokine that inhibits infection by both macrophage- and T cell-tropic strains of HIV-1. This suppressor activity has led to great interest in fully characterizing the role of MDC in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. Methods for the quantitation of constitutive levels of MDC protein in vivo are lacking. In this report, we describe the development and performance of a NASBA-based assay for the quantification of MDC mRNA expression in human and macaque cells. Although the constitutive in vivo levels of MDC mRNA in macaque and human T lymphocytes were low, in vitro activation of these cells greatly increased MDC transcription. Levels in the human and macaque cells were comparable under all conditions tested. Positive correlations between MDC transcription and protein expression were observed. The results indicate that this assay is extremely sensitive and reproducible over a five log dynamic range, and effectively quantifies MDC mRNA in resting and activated T cells. This assay may therefore permit characterization of the role of MDC in HIV-1/SIV pathogenesis, and in vaccine-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Romano
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Ln., Kensington, MD 20895, USA.
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29
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Smith GD, Hoffman WP, Lee EM, Young JK. Improving the environment of mice by using synthetic gauze pads. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 2000; 39:51-3. [PMID: 11487254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a study to evaluate the use of synthetic gauze pads for improving the environment of mice. To evaluate differences in clinical and pathology parameters, we used two treatment groups of mice, which were housed with or without gauze pads. The mice were assigned to the study at 5 to 7 weeks of age, and the study lasted 1 year. The mice were housed individually in stainless-steel ventilated cages with wire-mesh floors. Clinical observations, body weights, and food consumption were recorded frequently during the study. A complete necropsy, with histopathologic evaluation of tissues and collection of blood for clinical pathology, was performed at completion of the study. The mice with gauze pads preferred to rest on them. In addition, these mice showed a statistically significant reduction in food consumption, but their body weights and weight gains did not differ from those of animals without gauze pads. Synthetic gauze pads provide an improved environment for mice housed in cages with wire floors and may produce reduced food consumption. Gauze pads in the cages of mice do not seem to influence body weight gain, clinical signs, clinical pathology, or morphologic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Smith
- Eli Lilly and Company, 2001 W. Main Street, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA
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Li GH, Lee EM, Blair D, Holding C, Poronnik P, Cook DI, Barden JA, Bennett MR. The distribution of P2X receptor clusters on individual neurons in sympathetic ganglia and their redistribution on agonist activation. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:29107-12. [PMID: 10869366 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m910277199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of P2X receptors on neurons in rat superior cervical ganglia and lability of P2X receptors on exposure to agonists were determined. Antibody labeling of each P2X subtype P2X(1)-P2X(7) showed neurons isolated into culture possessed primarily P2X(2) subunits with others occurring in order P2X(7) > P2X(6) > P2X(3) > P2X(1) > P2X(5) > P2X(4). Application of ATP and alpha,beta-meATP to neurons showed they possessed a predominantly nondesensitizing P2X receptor type insensitive to alpha,beta-meATP, consistent with immunohistochemical observations. P2X(1)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to study the time course of P2X(1) receptor clustering in plasma membranes of neurons and internalization of receptors following prolonged exposure to ATP. At 12-24 h after adenoviral infection, P2X(1)-GFP formed clusters about 1 microm diameter in the neuron membrane. Application of ATP and alpha,beta-meATP showed these neurons possessed a predominantly desensitizing P2X receptor type sensitive to alpha,beta-meATP. Infection converted the major functional P2X receptor type in the membrane to P2X(1). Exposure of infected neurons to alpha,beta-meATP for less than 60 s led to the disappearance of P2X(1)-GFP fluorescence from the cell surface that was blocked by monensin, indicating the chimera is normally endocytosed into these organelles on exposure to agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Li
- The Neurobiology and Exocrine Physiology and Biophysics Laboratories, Department of Physiology and Protein Structure Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Histology, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Sydney, New South Wale, Australia
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Romano JW, Tetali S, Lee EM, Shurtliff RN, Wang XP, Pahwa S, Kaplan MH, Ginocchio CC. Genotyping of the CCR5 chemokine receptor by isothermal NASBA amplification and differential probe hybridization. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999; 6:959-65. [PMID: 10548593 PMCID: PMC95805 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.6.6.959-965.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The human CCR5 chemokine receptor functions as a coreceptor with CD4 for infection by macrophage-tropic isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). A mutated CCR5 allele which encodes a protein that does not function as a coreceptor for HIV-1 has been identified. Thus, expression of the wild-type and/or mutation allele is relevant to determining the infectability of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and affects disease progression in vivo. We developed a qualitative CCR5 genotyping assay using NASBA, an isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology. The method involves three enzymes and two oligonucleotides and targets the CCR5 mRNA, which is expressed in PBMC at a copy number higher than 2, the number of copies of DNA present encoding the gene. The single oligonucleotide set amplifies both alleles, and genotyping is achieved by separate hybridizations of wild-type- and mutation-specific probes directly to the single-stranded RNA amplification product. Assay sensitivity and specificity were demonstrated with RNAs produced in vitro from plasmid clones bearing the DNA encoding each allele. No detectable cross-reactivity between wild-type and mutation probes was found, and 50 copies of each allele were readily detectable. Analysis of patient samples found that 20% were heterozygous and 1% were homozygous for the CCR5 mutation. Thus, NASBA is a sensitive and specific means of rapidly determining CCR5 genotype and provides several technical advantages over alternative assay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Romano
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, Maryland 20895, USA
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Abstract
High molecular weight nonionic block copolymers have been developed as vaccine adjuvants. We employed these adjuvants in water-in-oil emulsion and multiple emulsion formulations with a synthetic peptide-based antigen vaccine to test their ability to prime anti-viral CD8(+) T cell responses. Vaccines were made using the H-2(d)-restricted immunodominant peptide from lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), NP118-126, and administered to BALB/c ByJ (H-2(d)) mice. Peptide-containing emulsions were able to induce NP118-126 specific CTL and IFN-gamma secreting CD8(+) T cells in the vaccinated mice and these responses were maintained for at least 90 days post immunization. At all times, the responses induced by the copolymer formulations were equal to, or better than, formulations based on incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). In addition, the responses induced by prophylactic vaccination using the multiple emulsion formulation resulted in accelerated viral clearance following infection with a strain of LCMV (clone 13) that causes a persistent infection in naïve adult mice. These results indicate that peptide vaccination using a formulation based on high molecular weight nonionic block copolymer in a simple water-in-oil or a multiple emulsion format can induce virus-specific CD8(+) T cell responses and confer protection sufficient enough to prevent the establishment of a persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Lanier
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, G211 Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
Acute ventricular septal rupture following myocardial infarction carries a high mortality. Early surgery improves survival but long term outcome depends on residual shunting and left ventricular function. Residual shunting is common despite apparently successful closure and may require reoperation. Transcatheter closure is an established method of treating selected congenital defects but clinical experience of transcatheter closure in postinfarction ventricular septal rupture is minimal. Transcatheter closure of a residual ventricular septal defect was successfully done using a new device, the Amplatzer septal occluder, in a 50 year old Indian man who had previously undergone emergency surgical repair for postinfarction acute ventricular septal rupture. The technique is described and its potential as a treatment in postinfarction ventricular septal rupture, its possible complications, and the important aspects of case selection and device design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Lancashire, UK
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Shim WJ, Lee EM, Hwang GS, Ahn JC, Song WH, Lim DS, Park CG, Kim YH, Seo HS, Oh DJ, Ro YM. Microvascular integrity as a predictor of left ventricular remodeling after acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. J Korean Med Sci 1998; 13:466-72. [PMID: 9811174 PMCID: PMC3054515 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.1998.13.5.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of microvascular integrity and ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-six patients with first acute anterior myocardial infarction were studied before discharge with myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). Opacification index (OI) and wall motion index were calculated in the left anterior descending artery territory and left ventricular diastolic volume was measured at baseline and during a 9-month follow-up. In total 26 patients, the regional wall motion improved but the left ventricular volume and global function was not changed significantly at follow-up. When the patients were divided into 3 groups according to opacification index (> or = 0.75, 0.5 approximately 0.75, < or = 0.5) at baseline, functional recovery was not observed and significant left ventricular dilatation was developed in patients with < or = 0.5 OI. Among the baseline echo-parameters such as ejection fraction, wall motion score, left ventricular volume and opacification index, the best predictor for long term left ventricular dilatation was the opacification index by multivariate analysis. In patients with acute anterior wall infarction the assessment of microvascular integrity by MCE at acute stage provides useful information regarding recovery of dysfunctional regional wall motion and ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Shim
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Hospital, Seoul.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Subvalvular preservation is necessary to maintain left ventricular function, but accidental retention of infected tissue could cause postoperative endocarditis. METHODS We examined 71 consecutive patients who underwent operation for mitral endocarditis. Endocarditis was uncontrolled and active in 24 patients, partially treated (unfinished antibiotic course) in 17, and healed in 30. RESULTS Valves were repaired in 17% versus 59% versus 63% and replaced with subvalvular preservation in 25% versus 6% versus 3% of the uncontrolled active, partially treated, and healed groups, respectively. Thirty-day mortality was 29% versus 0% versus 3.3% (p=0.003), total mortality was 46% versus 18% versus 17% (p=0.035), and complications-related mortality was 38% versus 11% versus 13% (p=0.054), respectively. There was a trend toward lower complications-related mortality with subvalvular preservation than without. Postoperative endocarditis occurred in 3 of 30 patients without and 1 of 41 patients with subvalvular preservation. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative mortality in uncontrolled active mitral endocarditis remains high, but results are good with partially treated or healed endocarditis. Subvalvular preservation improves outcome, does not increase postoperative endocarditis rates, and should be performed whenever feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The partly flexible Sculptor ring is more physiologic than the rigid Carpentier-Edwards ring and may improve outcome. METHODS We studied 221 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation. The Sculptor ring was randomly implanted in 30 patients (Sculptor ring group) and the Carpentier-Edwards ring in 36 patients (Carpentier-Edwards ring control group) from 1993 to 1994. Before 1993, 155 patients received the Carpentier-Edwards ring (Carpentier-Edwards ring historical group). Baseline group characteristics were similar. RESULTS Thirty-day mortality in the Sculptor ring, Carpentier-Edwards ring control, and Carpentier-Edwards ring historical groups was 0.0% versus 2.8% versus 3.2% (p = 0.61), respectively. At 18 months, survival was 86% +/- 6% versus 88% +/- 7% versus 90% +/- 3% (p = 0.89), and freedom from complications was 100% +/- 0% versus 100% +/- 0% versus 98% +/- 1% (p = 0.51) for endocarditis, 90% +/- 6% versus 94% +/- 4% versus 96% +/- 2% (p = 0.47) for severe mitral regurgitation, 93% +/- 5% versus 91% +/- 5% versus 92% +/- 2% (p = 0.91) for thromboembolism, and 77% +/- 8% versus 80% +/- 7% versus 82% +/- 3% (p = 0.49) for myocardial failure, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Sculptor ring is a safe alternative to the prosthetic annuloplasty rings in current use. The benefits of its physiologic design are either clinically insignificant or undetectable with a small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Lee EM, Shapiro LM, Wells FC. Echocardiography in mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation: the surgeon's needs. J Heart Valve Dis 1997; 6:228-33. [PMID: 9183719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitral valve repair has become the operation of choice for mitral regurgitation. It is often technically more demanding than valve replacement. The role of echocardiography has now extended beyond the identification of severe mitral regurgitation that would benefit from surgical correction. It helps the surgeon to assess valve reparability preoperatively, to assess the need for valve surgery in equivocal cases of ischemic mitral regurgitation, to plan the operation, and to assess valve function after repair. This article aims to discuss the role of echocardiography in providing the information needed by the surgeon for successful mitral valve repair. The echocardiographer must understand the surgeon's needs, while surgeons should understand both the benefits and limitations of echocardiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the influence of type of operation on outcome in degenerative mitral regurgitation. METHODS We compared outcomes in 278 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve repair (167 patients), replacement with subvalvular preservation (22 patients) and without subvalvular preservation (89 patients) for degenerative mitral regurgitation. RESULTS There was a trend towards lower mortality with repair and replacement with subvalvular preservation compared to replacement without subvalvular preservation. Thirty-day mortality was 1.2% vs 0.0% vs 4.7% (ns) respectively. Six-year survival was, respectively, 67.8 +/- 7.4% (P = 0.088) vs 80.8 +/- 11.0% (P = 0.25) vs 63.3 +/- 5.9% for all-cause death, 78.5 +/- 6.8% (P = 0.063) vs 95.5 +/- 4.4% (P = 0.092) vs 67.6 +/- 5.9% for all complication-related death and 80.5 +/- 6.9% (P = 0.076) vs 100.0 +/- 0.0% (P = 0.045) vs 72.8 +/- 5.8% for complication-related death due to myocardial failure. Multivariate analysis confirmed independent beneficial effects from repair compared to replacement without subvalvular preservation on complication-related death (hazard ratio 0.42, P = 0.010) and death from myocardial failure (hazard ratio 0.40, P = 0.014), and from repair compared to mechanical replacement on thromboembolism (hazard ratio 0.45, P = 0.029) and anticoagulation-related haemorrhage (hazard ratio 0.19, P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Mitral valve repair is superior to replacement. The greatest survival advantage is in reduced mortality from myocardial failure. Repair should be the operation of choice for degenerative mitral regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
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Li ZX, Lee EM, Thomas RK, Penfold J. Neutron and X-Ray Reflectivity Studies of the Adsorption of Aerosol-OT at the Air-Water Interface: The Structure of the Calcium Salt. J Colloid Interface Sci 1997; 187:492-7. [PMID: 9073425 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.1996.4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have used neutron and X-ray reflection to determine the structure of a layer of calcium bis-(2-ethyl 1-hexyl) sulphosuccinate (Aerosol-OT or AOT) adsorbed at the air/solution interface. The widths of the distributions of the chains and head groups of the molecule, and their positions in relation to the underlying water, have been measured at four concentrations varying from the solubility limit (CMC) at 4 x 10(-4) M to 1 x 10(-6) M. Over this concentration range the coverage changes from 68 ± 3 to 142 ± 8 Å2 per AOT unit. The structure of the layer both is quite different from that of NaAOT and varies quite differently with surface concentration. The Ca(AOT)2 layer is slightly (1 Å) further out from the water, but the chain region is thinner for the calcium surfactant. This is reflected most in the greatly reduced chain to head separation, which drops from about 6 Å in NaAOT to about 4 Å in Ca(AOT)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZX Li
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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40
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Newman MJ, Todd CW, Lee EM, Balusubramanian M, Didier PJ, Katz JM. Increasing the immunogenicity of a trivalent influenza virus vaccine with adjuvant-active nonionic block copolymers for potential use in the elderly. Mech Ageing Dev 1997; 93:189-203. [PMID: 9089583 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(96)01811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High molecular weight nonionic block copolymers consisting of a large hydrophobic core made from repeat oxypropylene units and smaller hydrophilic blocks of oxyethylene repeat units were evaluated as adjuvants in experimental influenza virus vaccine formulations. The goal was to identify a copolymer that would increase the immunogenicity of the commercial Fluogen trivalent influenza virus vaccine. Vaccine experiments done using BALB/c mice provided data that allowed us to identify a copolymer that increased both antibody titers specific for total virus proteins as well as antibodies with hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) activity. This copolymer, termed CRL1005, increased the production of IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b which suggested it increased the activity of both Type-1 and Type-2 T-helper lymphocytes. The CRL1005 copolymer was tested further in rhesus monkeys with similar results. Levels of antibodies specific for total virus protein preparations were increased as were HAI antibody titers following vaccination with the copolymer-supplemented Fluogen vaccine. Thus, the CRL1005 copolymer adjuvant appears to be compatible for use with the current generation of inactivated viron-based influenza vaccines and useful for increasing the immunogenicity. A more potent influenza virus vaccine could well be more efficacious in the aged segment of our population than current vaccines.
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41
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Lee EM, Porter JN, Shapiro LM, Wells FC. Mitral valve surgery in the elderly. J Heart Valve Dis 1997; 6:22-31. [PMID: 9044072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY Previous studies have shown that outcome from mitral valve surgery is poorer in the elderly. However, such studies did not distinguish between age itself, age-associated factors and interactions between age and other factors. We aimed to examine the relative influences of age and these other factors on outcome. METHODS We compared outcomes from mitral valve repair or replacement in 190 elderly (> or = 70 years) and 424 younger (< 70 years) consecutive adult patients. RESULTS At baseline, the elderly had more (p > 0.05) degenerative mitral regurgitation, coronary artery disease, left ventricular impairment, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV symptoms, bioprosthetic replacement and mitral valve repair. Operative mortality rate was low both in elderly (7/190 patients, 3.7%) and younger patients (15/424 patients, 3.5%, NS). Seven-year survival was poorer in the elderly with respect to overall survival, (49 +/- 6% vs. 72 +/- 3%, p = 0.0001), freedom from complications-related death (57 +/- 7% vs. 79 +/- 3%, p = 0.001), from death due to myocardial failure (66 +/- 6% vs. 86 +/- 3%, p < 0.0001) and from overt myocardial failure (44 +/- 7% vs. 74 +/- 3%, p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed better survival with younger age, mitral valve repair, better preoperative NYHA class and better left ventricular function. However, 7-year freedom from complications-related death was excellent and similar in both elderly (90 +/- 7%) and younger (93 +/- 3%, NS) patients who underwent surgery early while in NYHA class I or II with left ventricular ejection fraction > 40%. CONCLUSIONS Late surgery contributes far more than age itself to poor outcome from mitral valve surgery in the elderly. If surgery is performed early and repair preferred to replacement whenever feasible, medium-term results are excellent in both young and old.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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42
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitral valve replacement (MVR) has a high mortality and morbidity. It has been suggested that preservation of the subvalvular apparatus and more optimal timing of surgery might improve outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a retrospective study of 612 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve repair or replacement: 226 patients had repair, 68 had replacement with subvalvular preservation (MVR/SVP), and 318 had replacement without subvalvular preservation (MVR/NoSVP). Baseline characteristics were most unfavorable in the repair group with respect to age (P = .002) and in the repair and MVR/SVP groups with respect to NYHA functional class and left ventricular function (P = .044). Thirty-day mortality was lower in the repair (1.8%, P = .046) and MVR/SVP (1.5%. P = NS) groups than the MVR/NoSVP group (5.0%). Overall survival at 7 years was better in the repair (71.2 +/- 5.6%. P = .022) and MVR/SVP (66.2 +/- 12.4%, P = .017) groups than the MVR/NoSVP group (63.5 +/- 3.4%). Myocardial failure caused 66 of 107 complication-related deaths. Multivariate analysis confirmed independent beneficial effects of repair on 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.27, P < .05) and of repair and MVR/SVP on overall mortality (hazard ratios, 0.43, P < .001 and 0.40, P < .05, respectively) and complication-related death hazard ratios, 0.38, P < .001 and 0.35, P < .05, respectively). Preoperative NYHA class III or IV symptoms and left ventricular impairment were independent risk factors for death and myocardial failure. CONCLUSIONS Mitral valve repair is superior to replacement. If repair is not feasible, the subvalvular apparatus should be preserved. Early surgery before the development of severe symptoms and demonstrable left ventricular impairment is also needed to optimize outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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43
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Lee EM, Shapiro LM, Wells FC. Mortality and morbidity after mitral valve repair: the importance of left ventricular dysfunction. J Heart Valve Dis 1995; 4:460-8; discussion 469-70. [PMID: 8581187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective study of 219 consecutive patients who underwent mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation or mixed mitral valve disease with at least moderate regurgitation was undertaken. The etiology was degenerative in 151 (68.9%) patients, endocarditis in 24 (10.9%), rheumatic in 22 (10.0%), ischemic in 13 (5.9%), congenital in five (2.3%) and cardiomyopathy in two (0.9%). The average age was 64.8 +/- 10.9 years, the average follow up 30.2 +/- 24.1 months. Pre-operatively, 74% were in NYHA functional class III or IV. Left ventricular function was assessed by angiography and echocardiography, and moderate or severe impairment (ejection fraction < or = 40%) was assumed to represent significant left ventricular dysfunction. There were six (2.7%) hospital deaths, four of which were due to left ventricular dysfunction. The seven-year mortality and seven-year combined mortality and morbidity were 14.4% and 37.1% respectively for complications related to left ventricular dysfunction, and 2.5% and 24.2% respectively for unrelated complications. Subgroup analysis showed that five-year mortality and five-year combined mortality and morbidity due to left ventricular dysfunction were significantly worse in patients who had pre-operative left ventricular dysfunction than those who did not: 28.5% vs. 6.1% (p < 0.001) and 52.4% vs. 17.8% (p < 0.001). There was nevertheless a significant incidence of postoperative left ventricular dysfunction in patients with satisfactory preoperative left ventricular function. In this group, five-year mortality and five-year combined mortality and morbidity due to left ventricular dysfunction were higher in patients who were in NYHA class III or IV preoperatively than in those who were not: 11.2% vs. 0% (NS) and 25.9% vs. 0% (p < 0.01) respectively, particularly if they also had early (3-10 days) post-operative left ventricular dysfunction: 20.4% (p < 0.001) and 41.7% (p < 0.001) respectively. Despite preservation of the mitral apparatus, left ventricular dysfunction remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity following mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Park MS, Kim SW, Yang YS, Park CH, Lee WT, Kim CU, Lee EM, Lee SU, Huh S. Intestinal parasite infections in the inhabitants along the Hantan River, Chorwon-gun. Korean J Parasitol 1993; 31:375-8. [PMID: 8297896 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1993.31.4.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of intestinal parasite infections in inhabitants at the reaches of the Hantan River, Chorwon-gun, Korea, was observed from August 12 to September 14, 1993. Of 465 people observed by cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether concentration method, 2 Ascaris lumbricoides (unfertilized), 1 Trichuris trichiura, 39 Clonorchis sinensis and 16 Metagonimus egg positive cases were found. After treatment, the Metagonimus egg positive cases passed out flukes of Metagonimus Miyata type. Of 68 fish caught in the Hantan River, 14 (20.6%) were infected with metacercariae of Metagonimus, while no metacercaria of C. sinensis was found. At this area, soil-transmitted nematodes are very low, but clonorchiasis and metagonimiasis are prevalent by modernate endemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Park
- Kangnwon-do Branch of the Korea Association of Health Chunchon
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45
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Khan RA, Ryan K, Barker DE, Lee EM. Effect of a single Lernaeocera branchialis (Copepoda) on growth of Atlantic cod. J Parasitol 1993; 79:954-8. [PMID: 8277391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the influence of controlled water temperature on growth rate of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after infection with a single, blood-feeding copepod, Lernaeocera branchialis. Initially, uninfected and infected fish were held in ambient seawater (0-10 C) in a raceway and fed to satiation from October to March. In a second trial simulating the water temperature at which cod live in winter (2-3 C), 2 groups of fish were kept in tanks through which sea water flowed, and they were fed to satiation from February through July. Infected cod held at the ambient temperature consumed more feed, had comparable weight-gain, and showed lower feed conversion efficiency (%) and k-factor than did control fish during autumn to early winter, whereas no difference was apparent during the remaining winter period. Also, no striking difference in feed consumed, weight gained, feed conversion efficiency or k-factor were apparent when the 2 groups of cod were held in heated sea water during winter to early summer. These results suggest that adult cod infected with 1 L. branchialis compensate for the infection in autumn rather than during winter by consuming more fed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Khan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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46
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Bartlett RJ, Walsh PJ, He ZX, Chung Y, Lee EM, Samson JA. Single-photon double ionization of He and Ne. Phys Rev A 1992; 46:5574-5579. [PMID: 9908808 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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47
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Lee EM, Liu HN, Wong CK. [Leukemia cutis: clinical and histopathological analysis of 14 cases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1992; 50:251-7. [PMID: 1330253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report 14 cases of leukemia cutis registered at Department of Dermatology, Veterans General Hospital Over a period of 18 years. There were one patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), one with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), seven with acute monocytic leukemia (AMOL), one with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML), and four with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Multiple papules and nodules were the most frequent clinical lesions. Metastatic skin lesions occurred most commonly on legs (71%), followed by arms (64%), back (50%), anterior chest (50%), scalp (14%), and face (14%). The feet (7%) were rarely involved while palms and soles were rarely involved. Cutaneous leukemic lesions may be concomitant with or after, but never before the diagnosis of systemic leukemia in our series has had such change. In general, the histopathology of leukemia cutis showed diffuse or nodular infiltration of leukemic cells in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, often typing of leukemia relays on more confirmative studies of peripheral smear and bone marrow biopsy. Leukemia cutis seems to be dissemination of systemic leukemia to the skin, and the presence of cutaneous leukemic lesions are associated with a very poor prognosis. Most patients (85%) died within 4 months after appearance of skin metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Lee
- Department of Dematology, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei
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48
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Park K, Suh JS, Kim SI, Lee HY, Han DS, Kim PK, Lee EM, Kim YS. Single-center experience of 600 living donor renal transplants: univariate analysis of risk factors influencing allograft outcome. Transplant Proc 1992; 24:1447-9. [PMID: 1496612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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49
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Kim SI, Kim YS, Suh JS, Lee EM, Park K. Is HLA-DRw6 antigen matching necessary in living donor renal transplant? Transplant Proc 1992; 24:1312-3. [PMID: 1496570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S I Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Lee EM. More on automatic cardioverter-defibrillators. Anaesthesia 1992; 47:637-8. [PMID: 1626700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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