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Mansur A, Joseph R, Kim E, Jean-Beltran PM, Udeshi ND, Pearce C, Jiang H, Iwase R, Milev MP, Almousa HA, McNamara E, Widrick J, Perez C, Ravenscroft G, Sacher M, Cole PA, Carr SA, Gupta VA. Dynamic regulation of inter-organelle communication by ubiquitylation controls skeletal muscle development and disease onset. eLife 2023; 12:e81966. [PMID: 37432316 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction is associated with the pathology of a wide range of human diseases, including myopathies and muscular atrophy. However, the mechanistic understanding of specific components of the regulation of protein turnover during development and disease progression in skeletal muscle is unclear. Mutations in KLHL40, an E3 ubiquitin ligase cullin3 (CUL3) substrate-specific adapter protein, result in severe congenital nemaline myopathy, but the events that initiate the pathology and the mechanism through which it becomes pervasive remain poorly understood. To characterize the KLHL40-regulated ubiquitin-modified proteome during skeletal muscle development and disease onset, we used global, quantitative mass spectrometry-based ubiquitylome and global proteome analyses of klhl40a mutant zebrafish during disease progression. Global proteomics during skeletal muscle development revealed extensive remodeling of functional modules linked with sarcomere formation, energy, biosynthetic metabolic processes, and vesicle trafficking. Combined analysis of klh40 mutant muscle proteome and ubiquitylome identified thin filament proteins, metabolic enzymes, and ER-Golgi vesicle trafficking pathway proteins regulated by ubiquitylation during muscle development. Our studies identified a role for KLHL40 as a regulator of ER-Golgi anterograde trafficking through ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation of secretion-associated Ras-related GTPase1a (Sar1a). In KLHL40 deficient muscle, defects in ER exit site vesicle formation and downstream transport of extracellular cargo proteins result in structural and functional abnormalities. Our work reveals that the muscle proteome is dynamically fine-tuned by ubiquitylation to regulate skeletal muscle development and uncovers new disease mechanisms for therapeutic development in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Mansur
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Remi Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Euri Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | | | | | - Cadence Pearce
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Hanjie Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Reina Iwase
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Miroslav P Milev
- Department of Biology, Concordia University of Edmonton, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hashem A Almousa
- Department of Biology, Concordia University of Edmonton, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elyshia McNamara
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Widrick
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Claudio Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael Sacher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University of Edmonton, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | | | - Vandana A Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
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2
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Creedon M, O'Gorman C, McDonnell C, McNamara E, Boyle B. Fournier's Gangrene Associated with SGLT-2 Inhibitor Use. Ir Med J 2022; 115:701. [PMID: 36920488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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3
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Lysko DE, Meireles AM, Folland C, McNamara E, Laing NG, Lamont PJ, Ravenscroft G, Talbot WS. Partial loss-of-function variant in neuregulin 1 identified in family with heritable peripheral neuropathy. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1216-1223. [PMID: 35485770 PMCID: PMC9357049 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin 1 signals are essential for the development and function of Schwann cells, which form the myelin sheath on peripheral axons. Disruption of myelin in the peripheral nervous system can lead to peripheral neuropathy, which is characterized by reduced axonal conduction velocity and sensorimotor deficits. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a group of heritable peripheral neuropathies that may be caused by variants in nearly 100 genes. Despite the evidence that Neuregulin 1 is essential for many aspects of Schwann cell development, previous studies have not reported variants in the neuregulin 1 gene (NRG1) in patients with peripheral neuropathy. We have identified a rare missense variant in NRG1 that is homozygous in a patient with sensory and motor deficits consistent with mixed axonal and de-myelinating peripheral neuropathy. Our in vivo functional studies in zebrafish indicate that the patient variant partially reduces NRG1 function. This study tentatively suggests that variants at the NRG1 locus may cause peripheral neuropathy and that NRG1 should be investigated in families with peripheral neuropathy of unknown cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Lysko
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ana M Meireles
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chiara Folland
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Elyshia McNamara
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | | | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Centre of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - William S Talbot
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Kamien B, Clayton JS, Lee HS, Abeysuriya D, McNamara E, Martinovic J, Gonzales M, Melki J, Ravenscroft G. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants cause a lethal form of contractures, pterygia, and spondylocarpotarsal fusion syndrome 1B. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:445-449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Harris J, Fleming CA, Ullah MF, McNamara E, Murphy S, Shelly M, Waldron D, Condon E, Coffey JC, Peirce CB. P10: LYMPH NODE YIELD IS NOT A RELIABLE PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN ANTERIOR RESECTION AND ABDOMINOPERINEAL RESECTION FOLLOWING NEOADJUVANT THERAPY FOR RECTAL CANCER. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab117.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
International guidelines recommend a minimum lymph node yield (LNY) of ≥12 for oncological resection in colorectal cancer (CRC). Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) decreases LNY, which questions its ability to provide accurate prognostic information. The consensus of this significance remains undetermined. This study aimed to investigate the significance of LNY on recurrence and survival following anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection with or without NACRT for rectal cancer.
Method
Prospectively collected data on patients diagnosed with rectal cancer in a tertiary referral centre was interrogated retrospectively. Patients were divided into primary surgery and NACRT groups. Univariable analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test, t-test, and x2 test, while multivariable analysis utilised a multiple regression model. Disease recurrence and survival was analysed with logrank test for Kaplan-Meier curves.
Result
148 patients were included [56.1% (n=83) receiving NACRT]. The median LNY of the primary surgery group was 14 [interquartile range (IQR) 11-19] and for the NACRT group was 12 (IQR 8-14) (p <0.001). Disease recurrence was similar in both primary surgery and NACRT groups. There was a significant decrease in overall mortality in NACRT patients (p = 0.03), but there was no significant difference observed in recurrence or mortality amongst LNYs of <8, 8-11, and ≥12.
Conclusion
LNY less than 12 was not a negative prognostic indicator following NACRT and surgery for rectal cancer.
Take-home message
A lymph node yield of less than 12 is not a negative prognostic indicator in rectal cancer patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harris
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick
| | - CA Fleming
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group
| | - MF Ullah
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group
| | - E McNamara
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group
| | - S Murphy
- Department of Radiology, University of Limerick Hospital Group
| | - M Shelly
- Department of Radiology, University of Limerick Hospital Group
| | - D Waldron
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group
| | - E Condon
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group
| | - JC Coffey
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group
| | - CB Peirce
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group
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6
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Salimova E, Nowak KJ, Estrada AC, Furtado MB, McNamara E, Nguyen Q, Balmer L, Preuss C, Holmes JW, Ramialison M, Morahan G, Rosenthal NA. Variable outcomes of human heart attack recapitulated in genetically diverse mice. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:5. [PMID: 30854227 PMCID: PMC6399323 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical variation in patient responses to myocardial infarction (MI) has been difficult to model in laboratory animals. To assess the genetic basis of variation in outcomes after heart attack, we characterized responses to acute MI in the Collaborative Cross (CC), a multi-parental panel of genetically diverse mouse strains. Striking differences in post-MI functional, morphological, and myocardial scar features were detected across 32 CC founder and recombinant inbred strains. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a plausible link between increased intrinsic cardiac oxidative phosphorylation levels and MI-induced heart failure. The emergence of significant quantitative trait loci for several post-MI traits indicates that utilizing CC strains is a valid approach for gene network discovery in cardiovascular disease, enabling more accurate clinical risk assessment and prediction. Mice from a genetically diverse panel of inbred strains show a variety of biological outcomes after a heart attack (myocardial infarction), just as humans do. This ‘Collaborative Cross’ mouse resource—which is already widely used in other disciplines of biomedical research—thus provides a tractable system for investigating the genetic factors contributing to acute and chronic presentations of heart disease. Ekaterina Salimova from Monash University in Clayton, Australia, and colleagues experimentally induced myocardial infarctions in the 32 founder or recombinant strains from the Collaborative Cross. They documented large differences in survival, cardiac dilation and scar size among different strains. Gene expression profiling and quantitative trait locus mapping revealed a large number of candidate genes and molecular pathways linked to adverse outcomes. These could offer promising drug targets for treating the damage wrought by heart attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Salimova
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,2Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Kristen J Nowak
- 3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,5Office of Population Health Genomics, Division of Public and Aboriginal Health, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA Australia
| | - Ana C Estrada
- 6Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Milena B Furtado
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,7The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - Elyshia McNamara
- 3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Quang Nguyen
- 4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- 4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,8School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Christoph Preuss
- 9National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- 6Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- 3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,7The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA.,9National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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7
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Jinno C, Morash D, McNamara E, King A, Liu Y. 116 Chemical composition of enzymatically digested food waste byproducts. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/asasann.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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Donkervoort S, Papadaki M, de Winter JM, Neu MB, Kirschner J, Bolduc V, Yang ML, Gibbons MA, Hu Y, Dastgir J, Leach ME, Rutkowski A, Foley AR, Krüger M, Wartchow EP, McNamara E, Ong R, Nowak KJ, Laing NG, Clarke NF, Ottenheijm C, Marston SB, Bönnemann CG. TPM3 deletions cause a hypercontractile congenital muscle stiffness phenotype. Ann Neurol 2015; 78:982-994. [PMID: 26418456 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in TPM3, encoding Tpm3.12, cause a clinically and histopathologically diverse group of myopathies characterized by muscle weakness. We report two patients with novel de novo Tpm3.12 single glutamic acid deletions at positions ΔE218 and ΔE224, resulting in a significant hypercontractile phenotype with congenital muscle stiffness, rather than weakness, and respiratory failure in one patient. METHODS The effect of the Tpm3.12 deletions on the contractile properties in dissected patient myofibers was measured. We used quantitative in vitro motility assay to measure Ca(2+) sensitivity of thin filaments reconstituted with recombinant Tpm3.12 ΔE218 and ΔE224. RESULTS Contractility studies on permeabilized myofibers demonstrated reduced maximal active tension from both patients with increased Ca(2+) sensitivity and altered cross-bridge cycling kinetics in ΔE224 fibers. In vitro motility studies showed a two-fold increase in Ca(2+) sensitivity of the fraction of filaments motile and the filament sliding velocity concentrations for both mutations. INTERPRETATION These data indicate that Tpm3.12 deletions ΔE218 and ΔE224 result in increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of the troponin-tropomyosin complex, resulting in abnormally active interaction of the actin and myosin complex. Both mutations are located in the charged motifs of the actin-binding residues of tropomyosin 3, thus disrupting the electrostatic interactions that facilitate accurate tropomyosin binding with actin necessary to prevent the on-state. The mutations destabilize the off-state and result in excessively sensitized excitation-contraction coupling of the contractile apparatus. This work expands the phenotypic spectrum of TPM3-related disease and provides insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the actin-tropomyosin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Donkervoort
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Papadaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J M de Winter
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M B Neu
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Bolduc
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M L Yang
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Section of Child Neurology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M A Gibbons
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Y Hu
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Dastgir
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M E Leach
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Children's National Health System, Washington DC, USA
| | - A Rutkowski
- Kaiser SCPMG, Cure CMD, P.O. Box 701, Olathe, KS 66051, USA
| | - A R Foley
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Krüger
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E P Wartchow
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - E McNamara
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - R Ong
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - K J Nowak
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N F Clarke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cac Ottenheijm
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S B Marston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C G Bönnemann
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Papadaki M, Marston S, Memo M, Messer A, Donkervoort S, Bönnemann C, Nowak K, Ong R, McNamara E. Molecular basis of stiff patient syndrome caused by mutations in ACTA1 and TPM3. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Ochala J, Ravenscroft G, McNamara E, Nowak KJ, Iwamoto H. X-ray recordings reveal how a human disease-linked skeletal muscle α-actin mutation leads to contractile dysfunction. J Struct Biol 2015; 192:331-335. [PMID: 26407659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In humans, mutant skeletal muscle α-actin proteins are associated with contractile dysfunction, skeletal muscle weakness and a wide range of primarily skeletal muscle diseases. Despite this knowledge, the exact molecular mechanisms triggering the contractile dysfunction remain unknown. Here, we aimed to unravel these. Hence, we used a transgenic mouse model expressing a well-described D286G mutant skeletal muscle α-actin protein and recapitulating the human condition of contractile deregulation and severe skeletal muscle weakness. We then recorded and analyzed the small-angle X-ray diffraction patterns of isolated membrane-permeabilized myofibers. Results showed that upon addition of Ca(2+), the intensity changes of the second (1/19 nm(-1)) and sixth (1/5.9 nm(-1)) actin layer lines and of the first myosin meridional reflection (1/14.3 nm(-1)) were disrupted when the thin-thick filament overlap was optimal (sarcomere length of 2.5-2.6 μm). However these reflections were normal when the thin and thick filaments were not interacting (sarcomere length>3.6 μm). These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the replacement of just one amino acid in the skeletal muscle α-actin protein partly prevents actin conformational changes during activation, disrupting the strong binding of myosin molecules. This leads to a limited myosin-related tropomyosin movement over the thin filaments, further affecting the amount of cross-bridges, explaining the contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ochala
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Elyshia McNamara
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Kristen J Nowak
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Hiroyuki Iwamoto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring8, Hyogo, Japan
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11
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Yuen M, Cooper ST, Marston SB, Nowak KJ, McNamara E, Mokbel N, Ilkovski B, Ravenscroft G, Rendu J, de Winter JM, Klinge L, Beggs AH, North KN, Ottenheijm CAC, Clarke NF. Muscle weakness in TPM3-myopathy is due to reduced Ca2+-sensitivity and impaired acto-myosin cross-bridge cycling in slow fibres. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6278-92. [PMID: 26307083 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations in TPM3, encoding α-tropomyosinslow, cause a congenital myopathy characterized by generalized muscle weakness. Here, we used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the mechanism of muscle dysfunction in 12 TPM3-myopathy patients. We confirm that slow myofibre hypotrophy is a diagnostic hallmark of TPM3-myopathy, and is commonly accompanied by skewing of fibre-type ratios (either slow or fast fibre predominance). Patient muscle contained normal ratios of the three tropomyosin isoforms and normal fibre-type expression of myosins and troponins. Using 2D-PAGE, we demonstrate that mutant α-tropomyosinslow was expressed, suggesting muscle dysfunction is due to a dominant-negative effect of mutant protein on muscle contraction. Molecular modelling suggested mutant α-tropomyosinslow likely impacts actin-tropomyosin interactions and, indeed, co-sedimentation assays showed reduced binding of mutant α-tropomyosinslow (R168C) to filamentous actin. Single fibre contractility studies of patient myofibres revealed marked slow myofibre specific abnormalities. At saturating [Ca(2+)] (pCa 4.5), patient slow fibres produced only 63% of the contractile force produced in control slow fibres and had reduced acto-myosin cross-bridge cycling kinetics. Importantly, due to reduced Ca(2+)-sensitivity, at sub-saturating [Ca(2+)] (pCa 6, levels typically released during in vivo contraction) patient slow fibres produced only 26% of the force generated by control slow fibres. Thus, weakness in TPM3-myopathy patients can be directly attributed to reduced slow fibre force at physiological [Ca(2+)], and impaired acto-myosin cross-bridge cycling kinetics. Fast myofibres are spared; however, they appear to be unable to compensate for slow fibre dysfunction. Abnormal Ca(2+)-sensitivity in TPM3-myopathy patients suggests Ca(2+)-sensitizing drugs may represent a useful treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Yuen
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,
| | - Sandra T Cooper
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steve B Marston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kristen J Nowak
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Elyshia McNamara
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Nancy Mokbel
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia, Faculty of Health Sciences, St. George Health Complex, The University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Biljana Ilkovski
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - John Rendu
- Département de Biochimie Toxicologie et Pharmacologie, Département de Biochimie Génétique et Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Josine M de Winter
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Klinge
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn N North
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, the Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Coen A C Ottenheijm
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Donkervoort S, Neu M, Kirschner J, Yang M, Marston S, Gibbons M, Hu Y, de Winter J, Ottenheijm C, Rutkowski A, Krüger M, McNamara E, Ong R, Nowak K, Clarke N, Bönnemann C. G.P.272. Neuromuscul Disord 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Boutilier J, Ma J, Ram R, McNamara E, Laing N, Morahan G, Nowak K. P.10.22 Powerful mouse resource for determining modifier genes for neuromuscular diseases. Neuromuscul Disord 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.06.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Marston S, Memo M, Messer A, Papadaki M, Nowak K, McNamara E, Ong R, El-Mezgueldi M, Li X, Lehman W. Mutations in repeating structural motifs of tropomyosin cause gain of function in skeletal muscle myopathy patients. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:4978-87. [PMID: 23886664 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The congenital myopathies include a wide spectrum of clinically, histologically and genetically variable neuromuscular disorders many of which are caused by mutations in genes for sarcomeric proteins. Some congenital myopathy patients have a hypercontractile phenotype. Recent functional studies demonstrated that ACTA1 K326N and TPM2 ΔK7 mutations were associated with hypercontractility that could be explained by increased myofibrillar Ca(2+) sensitivity. A recent structure of the complex of actin and tropomyosin in the relaxed state showed that both these mutations are located in the actin-tropomyosin interface. Tropomyosin is an elongated molecule with a 7-fold repeated motif of around 40 amino acids corresponding to the 7 actin monomers it interacts with. Actin binds to tropomyosin electrostatically at two points, through Asp25 and through a cluster of amino acids that includes Lys326, mutated in the gain-of-function mutation. Asp25 interacts with tropomyosin K6, next to K7 that was mutated in the other gain-of-function mutation. We identified four tropomyosin motifs interacting with Asp25 (K6-K7, K48-K49, R90-R91 and R167-K168) and three E-E/D-K/R motifs interacting with Lys326 (E139, E181 and E218), and we predicted that the known skeletal myopathy mutations ΔK7, ΔK49, R91G, ΔE139, K168E and E181K would cause a gain of function. Tests by an in vitro motility assay confirmed that these mutations increased Ca(2+) sensitivity, while mutations not in these motifs (R167H, R244G) decreased Ca(2+) sensitivity. The work reported here explains the molecular mechanism for 6 out of 49 known disease-causing mutations in the TPM2 and TPM3 genes, derived from structural data of the actin-tropomyosin interface.
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Ravenscroft G, McNamara E, Griffiths LM, Papadimitriou JM, Hardeman EC, Bakker AJ, Davies KE, Laing NG, Nowak KJ. Cardiac α-actin over-expression therapy in dominant ACTA1 disease. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3987-97. [PMID: 23736297 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 200 mutations in the skeletal muscle α-actin gene (ACTA1) cause either dominant or recessive skeletal muscle disease. Currently, there are no specific therapies. Cardiac α-actin is 99% identical to skeletal muscle α-actin and the predominant actin isoform in fetal muscle. We previously showed cardiac α-actin can substitute for skeletal muscle α-actin, preventing the early postnatal death of Acta1 knock-out mice, which model recessive ACTA1 disease. Dominant ACTA1 disease is caused by the presence of 'poison' mutant actin protein. Experimental and anecdotal evidence nevertheless indicates that the severity of dominant ACTA1 disease is modulated by the relative amount of mutant skeletal muscle α-actin protein present. Thus, we investigated whether transgenic over-expression of cardiac α-actin in postnatal skeletal muscle could ameliorate the phenotype of mouse models of severe dominant ACTA1 disease. In one model, lethality of ACTA1(D286G). Acta1(+/-) mice was reduced from ∼59% before 30 days of age to ∼12%. In the other model, Acta1(H40Y), in which ∼80% of male mice die by 5 months of age, the cardiac α-actin transgene did not significantly improve survival. Hence cardiac α-actin over-expression is likely to be therapeutic for at least some dominant ACTA1 mutations. The reason cardiac α-actin was not effective in the Acta1(H40Y) mice is uncertain. We showed that the Acta1(H40Y) mice had endogenously elevated levels of cardiac α-actin in skeletal muscles, a finding not reported in dominant ACTA1 patients.
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Memo M, Leung MC, Ward DG, dos Remedios C, Morimoto S, Zhang L, Ravenscroft G, McNamara E, Nowak KJ, Marston SB, Messer AE. Familial dilated cardiomyopathy mutations uncouple troponin I phosphorylation from changes in myofibrillar Ca²⁺ sensitivity. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:65-73. [PMID: 23539503 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The pure form of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is mainly caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Previous measurements using recombinant proteins suggested that DCM mutations in thin filament proteins decreased myofibrillar Ca(2+) sensitivity, but exceptions were reported. We re-investigated the molecular mechanism of familial DCM using native proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the quantitative in vitro motility assay and native troponin and tropomyosin to study DCM mutations in troponin I, troponin T, and α-tropomyosin. Four mutations reduced myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity, but one mutation (TPM1 E54K) did not alter Ca(2+) sensitivity and another (TPM1 D230N) increased Ca(2+) sensitivity. In thin filaments from normal human and mouse heart, protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of troponin I caused a two- to three-fold decrease in myofibrillar Ca(2+) sensitivity. However, Ca(2+) sensitivity did not change with the level of troponin I phosphorylation in any of the DCM-mutant containing thin filaments (E40K, E54K, and D230N in α-tropomyosin; R141W and ΔK210 in cardiac troponin T; K36Q in cardiac troponin I; G159D in cardiac troponin C, and E361G in cardiac α-actin). This 'uncoupling' was observed with native mutant protein from human and mouse heart and with recombinant mutant protein expressed in baculovirus/Sf9 systems. Uncoupling was independent of the fraction of mutated protein present above 0.55. CONCLUSION We conclude that DCM-causing mutations in thin filament proteins abolish the relationship between myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity and troponin I phosphorylation by PKA. We propose that this blunts the response to β-adrenergic stimulation and could be the cause of DCM in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Memo
- Myocardial Function, NHLI, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Mokbel N, Ilkovski B, Kreissl M, Memo M, Jeffries CM, Marttila M, Lehtokari VL, Lemola E, Grönholm M, Yang N, Menard D, Marcorelles P, Echaniz-Laguna A, Reimann J, Vainzof M, Monnier N, Ravenscroft G, McNamara E, Nowak KJ, Laing NG, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Trewhella J, Marston S, Ottenheijm C, North KN, Clarke NF. K7del is a common TPM2 gene mutation associated with nemaline myopathy and raised myofibre calcium sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:494-507. [PMID: 23378224 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the TPM2 gene, which encodes β-tropomyosin, are an established cause of several congenital skeletal myopathies and distal arthrogryposis. We have identified a TPM2 mutation, p.K7del, in five unrelated families with nemaline myopathy and a consistent distinctive clinical phenotype. Patients develop large joint contractures during childhood, followed by slowly progressive skeletal muscle weakness during adulthood. The TPM2 p.K7del mutation results in the loss of a highly conserved lysine residue near the N-terminus of β-tropomyosin, which is predicted to disrupt head-to-tail polymerization of tropomyosin. Recombinant K7del-β-tropomyosin incorporates poorly into sarcomeres in C2C12 myotubes and has a reduced affinity for actin. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of patient muscle and primary patient cultured myotubes showed that mutant protein is expressed but incorporates poorly into sarcomeres and likely accumulates in nemaline rods. In vitro studies using recombinant K7del-β-tropomyosin and force measurements from single dissected patient myofibres showed increased myofilament calcium sensitivity. Together these data indicate that p.K7del is a common recurrent TPM2 mutation associated with mild nemaline myopathy. The p.K7del mutation likely disrupts head-to-tail polymerization of tropomyosin, which impairs incorporation into sarcomeres and also affects the equilibrium of the troponin/tropomyosin-dependent calcium switch of muscle. Joint contractures may stem from chronic muscle hypercontraction due to increased myofibrillar calcium sensitivity while declining strength in adulthood likely arises from other mechanisms, such as myofibre decompensation and fatty infiltration. These results suggest that patients may benefit from therapies that reduce skeletal muscle calcium sensitivity, and we highlight late muscle decompensation as an important cause of morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Mokbel
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
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Kim SB, Shultz C, Stuart M, McNamara E, Festarini A, Bureau DP. Organically bound tritium (OBT) formation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): HTO and OBT-spiked food exposure experiments. Appl Radiat Isot 2012. [PMID: 23208241 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the rate of organically bound tritium (OBT) formation, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to tritiated water (HTO) or OBT-spiked food. The HTO (in water) exposure study was conducted using a tritium activity concentration of approximately 7000 Bq/L and the OBT (in food) exposure study was conducted using a tritium activity concentration of approximately 30,000 Bq/L. Fish in both studies were expected to be exposed to similar tritium levels assuming 25% incorporation of the tritiated amino acids found in the food. Four different sampling campaigns of HTO exposure (Day 10, 30, 70, 140) and five different sampling campaigns of OBT-spiked food exposure (Day 9, 30, 70, 100, 140) were conducted to measure HTO and OBT activity concentrations in fish tissues. OBT depuration was also evaluated over a period of 30 days following the 140 d exposure studies. The results suggested that the OBT formation rate was slower when the fish were exposed to HTO compared to when the fish were ingesting OBT. In addition, the results indicated that OBT can bioaccumulate in fish tissues following OBT-spiked food exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Kim
- Environmental Technologies Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, AECL, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0 Canada.
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Mokbel N, Ilkovski B, Memo M, Marttila M, Kreissl M, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Menard D, Marcorelles P, Echaniz-Laguna A, Reimann J, Vainzof M, Monnier N, Nowak K, McNamara E, Laing N, Trewhella J, Jeffries C, Ottenheijm C, North K, Clarke N. C.P.15 K7del is a recurrent TPM2 nemaline myopathy mutation associated with joint contractures and increased calcium sensitivity. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ravenscroft G, McNamara E, Griffiths L, Papadimitriou J, Hardeman E, Bakker A, Laing N, Nowak K. C.O.3 Efficacy of cardiac actin over-expression therapy for ACTA1 disease seems mutation specific. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Boutilier J, McNamara E, Laing N, Morahan G, Nowak K. D.P.14 Mining modifier genes for skeletal muscle actin diseases. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Ravenscroft G, Jackaman C, Sewry CA, McNamara E, Squire SE, Potter AC, Papadimitriou J, Griffiths LM, Bakker AJ, Davies KE, Laing NG, Nowak KJ. Actin nemaline myopathy mouse reproduces disease, suggests other actin disease phenotypes and provides cautionary note on muscle transgene expression. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28699. [PMID: 22174871 PMCID: PMC3235150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the skeletal muscle α-actin gene (ACTA1) cause congenital myopathies including nemaline myopathy, actin aggregate myopathy and rod-core disease. The majority of patients with ACTA1 mutations have severe hypotonia and do not survive beyond the age of one. A transgenic mouse model was generated expressing an autosomal dominant mutant (D286G) of ACTA1 (identified in a severe nemaline myopathy patient) fused with EGFP. Nemaline bodies were observed in multiple skeletal muscles, with serial sections showing these correlated to aggregates of the mutant skeletal muscle α-actin-EGFP. Isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were significantly weaker than wild-type (WT) muscle at 4 weeks of age, coinciding with the peak in structural lesions. These 4 week-old mice were ~30% less active on voluntary running wheels than WT mice. The α-actin-EGFP protein clearly demonstrated that the transgene was expressed equally in all myosin heavy chain (MHC) fibre types during the early postnatal period, but subsequently became largely confined to MHCIIB fibres. Ringbinden fibres, internal nuclei and myofibrillar myopathy pathologies, not typical features in nemaline myopathy or patients with ACTA1 mutations, were frequently observed. Ringbinden were found in fast fibre predominant muscles of adult mice and were exclusively MHCIIB-positive fibres. Thus, this mouse model presents a reliable model for the investigation of the pathobiology of nemaline body formation and muscle weakness and for evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions. The occurrence of core-like regions, internal nuclei and ringbinden will allow analysis of the mechanisms underlying these lesions. The occurrence of ringbinden and features of myofibrillar myopathy in this mouse model of ACTA1 disease suggests that patients with these pathologies and no genetic explanation should be screened for ACTA1 mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Myopathies, Nemaline/pathology
- Myopathies, Nemaline/physiopathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Transgenes/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia
- Physiology, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Connie Jackaman
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Caroline A. Sewry
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Diseases, Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Elyshia McNamara
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Squire
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Allyson C. Potter
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Papadimitriou
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Griffiths
- Neuropathology, Royal Perth Hospital and PathWest Anatomical Pathology, Perth, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Bakker
- Physiology, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kay E. Davies
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel G. Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Kristen J. Nowak
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia
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Zheng Y, Hamilton E, McNamara E, Smith P, Darlington C. The effects of chronic tinnitus caused by acoustic trauma on social behaviour and anxiety in rats. Neuroscience 2011; 193:143-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rackham O, Shearwood AMJ, Thyer R, McNamara E, Davies SMK, Callus BA, Miranda-Vizuete A, Berners-Price SJ, Cheng Q, Arnér ESJ, Filipovska A. Substrate and inhibitor specificities differ between human cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductases: Implications for development of specific inhibitors. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:689-99. [PMID: 21172426 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductases (TrxR1 and TrxR2) and thioredoxins (Trx1 and Trx2) are key components of the mammalian thioredoxin system, which is important for antioxidant defense and redox regulation of cell function. TrxR1 and TrxR2 are selenoproteins generally considered to have comparable properties, but to be functionally separated by their different compartments. To compare their properties we expressed recombinant human TrxR1 and TrxR2 and determined their substrate specificities and inhibition by metal compounds. TrxR2 preferred its endogenous substrate Trx2 over Trx1, whereas TrxR1 efficiently reduced both Trx1 and Trx2. TrxR2 displayed strikingly lower activity with dithionitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), lipoamide, and the quinone substrate juglone compared to TrxR1, and TrxR2 could not reduce lipoic acid. However, Sec-deficient two-amino-acid-truncated TrxR2 was almost as efficient as full-length TrxR2 in the reduction of DTNB. We found that the gold(I) compound auranofin efficiently inhibited both full-length TrxR1 and TrxR2 and truncated TrxR2. In contrast, some newly synthesized gold(I) compounds and cisplatin inhibited only full-length TrxR1 or TrxR2 and not truncated TrxR2. Surprisingly, one gold(I) compound, [Au(d2pype)(2)]Cl, was a better inhibitor of TrxR1, whereas another, [(iPr(2)Im)(2)Au]Cl, mainly inhibited TrxR2. These compounds also inhibited TrxR activity in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of cells, but their cytotoxicity was not always dependent on the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak. In conclusion, this study reveals significant differences between human TrxR1 and TrxR2 in substrate specificity and metal compound inhibition in vitro and in cells, which may be exploited for development of specific TrxR1- or TrxR2-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rackham
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
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Zheng Y, Hamilton E, Stiles L, McNamara E, de Waele C, Smith PF, Darlington CL. Acoustic trauma that can cause tinnitus impairs impulsive control but not performance accuracy in the 5-choice serial reaction time task in rats. Neuroscience 2011; 180:75-84. [PMID: 21352899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although tinnitus is an auditory disorder, it is often associated with attentional and emotional problems. Functional neuroimaging studies in humans have revealed that the hippocampus, amygdala and anterior cingulate, areas of the brain involved in emotion, attention and spatial processing, are also involved in auditory memory and tinnitus perception. However, few studies of tinnitus-evoked emotional and cognitive changes have been reported using animal models of tinnitus. In the present study, we investigated whether acoustic trauma that could cause tinnitus would affect attention and impulsivity in rats. Eight male Wistar rats were exposed to unilateral acoustic trauma (110 dB, 16 kHz for 1 h under anaesthesia) and eight rats underwent the same anaesthesia without acoustic trauma. Tinnitus was tested in noise-exposed rats using a frequency-specific shift in a discrimination function with a conditioned lick suppression paradigm. At 4 months after the noise exposure, the rats were tested in a 5-choice serial reaction time task. The behavioural procedure involved training the rats to discriminate a brief visual stimulus presented randomly in one of the five spatial locations and responding by poking its nose through the illuminated hole and collecting a food pellet from the magazine. While all of the animals performed equally well in making correct responses, the animals exposed to acoustic trauma made significantly more premature responses. The results suggest that rats exposed to acoustic trauma and some of which have chronic tinnitus are impaired in impulsive control, but not performance accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Medical School, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Ravenscroft G, Jackaman C, Bringans S, Papadimitriou JM, Griffiths LM, McNamara E, Bakker AJ, Davies KE, Laing NG, Nowak KJ. Mouse models of dominant ACTA1 disease recapitulate human disease and provide insight into therapies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:1101-15. [PMID: 21303860 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the skeletal muscle α-actin gene (ACTA1) cause a range of pathologically defined congenital myopathies. Most patients have dominant mutations and experience severe skeletal muscle weakness, dying within one year of birth. To determine mutant ACTA1 pathobiology, transgenic mice expressing ACTA1(D286G) were created. These Tg(ACTA1)(D286G) mice were less active than wild-type individuals. Their skeletal muscles were significantly weaker by in vitro analyses and showed various pathological lesions reminiscent of human patients, however they had a normal lifespan. Mass spectrometry revealed skeletal muscles from Tg(ACTA1)(D286G) mice contained ∼25% ACTA1(D286G) protein. Tg(ACTA1)(D286G) mice were crossed with hemizygous Acta1(+/-) knock-out mice to generate Tg(ACTA1)(D286G)(+/+).Acta1(+/-) offspring that were homozygous for the transgene and hemizygous for the endogenous skeletal muscle α-actin gene. Akin to most human patients, skeletal muscles from these offspring contained approximately equal proportions of ACTA1(D286G) and wild-type actin. Strikingly, the majority of these mice presented with severe immobility between postnatal Days 8 and 17, requiring euthanasia. Their skeletal muscles contained extensive structural abnormalities as identified in severely affected human patients, including nemaline bodies, actin accumulations and widespread sarcomeric disarray. Therefore we have created valuable mouse models, one of mild dominant ACTA1 disease [Tg(ACTA1)(D286G)], and the other of severe disease, with a dramatically shortened lifespan [Tg(ACTA1)(D286G)(+/+).Acta1(+/-)]. The correlation between mutant ACTA1 protein load and disease severity parallels effects in ACTA1 families and suggests altering this ratio in patient muscle may be a therapy for patients with dominant ACTA1 disease. Furthermore, ringbinden fibres were observed in these mouse models. The presence of such features suggests that perhaps patients with ringbinden of unknown genetic origin should be considered for ACTA1 mutation screening. This is the first experimental, as opposed to observational, evidence that mutant protein load determines the severity of ACTA1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Australia.
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Kennedy C, Lenahan M, Ryan M, Fanning S, Sheridan J, McNamara E, Carroll A, Sweeney T. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from human and pig origin induce different gene expression profiles in human Caco-2 epithelial cells. Livest Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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McGill K, Kelly L, Madden R, Moran L, Carroll C, O'Leary A, Moore J, McNamara E, O'Mahony M, Fanning S, Whyte P. Comparison of disc diffusion and epsilometer (E-test) testing techniques to determine antimicrobial susceptibiliy of Campylobacter isolates of food and human clinical origin. J Microbiol Methods 2009; 79:238-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hantke J, Chandler D, King R, Wanders RJA, Angelicheva D, Tournev I, McNamara E, Kwa M, Guergueltcheva V, Kaneva R, Baas F, Kalaydjieva L. A mutation in an alternative untranslated exon of hexokinase 1 associated with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy -- Russe (HMSNR). Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1606-14. [PMID: 19536174 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy -- Russe (HMSNR) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder, identified in the Gypsy population. Our previous studies mapped the gene to 10q22-q23 and refined the gene region to approximately 70 kb. Here we report the comprehensive sequencing analysis and fine mapping of this region, reducing it to approximately 26 kb of fully characterised sequence spanning the upstream exons of Hexokinase 1 (HK1). We identified two sequence variants in complete linkage disequilibrium, a G>C in a novel alternative untranslated exon (AltT2) and a G>A in the adjacent intron, segregating with the disease in affected families and present in the heterozygote state in only 5/790 population controls. Sequence conservation of the AltT2 exon in 16 species with invariable preservation of the G allele at the mutated site, strongly favour the exonic change as the pathogenic mutation. Analysis of the Hk1 upstream region in mouse mRNA from testis and neural tissues showed an abundance of AltT2-containing transcripts generated by extensive, developmentally regulated alternative splicing. Expression is very low compared with ubiquitous Hk1 and all transcripts skip exon1, which encodes the protein domain responsible for binding to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and regulation of energy production and apoptosis. Hexokinase activity measurement and immunohistochemistry of the peripheral nerve showed no difference between patients and controls. The mutational mechanism and functional effects remain unknown and could involve disrupted translational regulation leading to increased anti-apoptotic activity (suggested by the profuse regenerative activity in affected nerves), or impairment of an unknown HK1 function in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Hantke
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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O'Sullivan MB, Garvey P, O'Riordan M, Coughlan H, McKeown P, Brennan A, McNamara E. Increase in VTEC cases in the south of Ireland: link to private wells? Euro Surveill 2008; 13:18991. [PMID: 18822242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
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O’Sullivan MB, Garvey P, O’Riordan M, Coughlan H, McKeown P, Brennan A, McNamara E. Increase in VTEC cases in the south of Ireland: link to private wells? Euro Surveill 2008. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.13.39.18991-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) have been recorded to date in 2008 in the Republic of Ireland. One hundred and forty-eight VTEC cases were notified up to the end of August 2008 (Figure 1), compared to 70-90 confirmed cases reported in the equivalent time period in 2006 and 2007. Thirty three percent of cases notified in Ireland in 2008 indicated that their usual drinking water supply was a private well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B O’Sullivan
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive - South, Cork, Ireland
| | - P Garvey
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M O’Riordan
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive - South, Cork, Ireland
| | - H Coughlan
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive - South, Cork, Ireland
| | - P McKeown
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Brennan
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive - South, Cork, Ireland
| | - E McNamara
- Public Health Laboratory, HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster, Cherry Orchard Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Mannix M, Whyte D, McNamara E, O’Connell N, FitzGerald R, Mahony M, Prendiville T, Norris T, Curtin A, Carroll A, Whelan E, Buckley J, McCarthy J, Murphy M, Greally T. Large outbreak of E. coli O157 in 2005, Ireland. Euro Surveill 2007. [DOI: 10.2807/esm.12.02.00683-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In October/November 2005, the largest outbreak of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) ever recorded in Ireland occurred. Eighteen E. coli O157 culture-positive cases, phage type 32, verotoxin 2 positive, were identified in a small rural area of mid-west Ireland. Half of these patients were asymptomatic. Two children were admitted to hospital with haemolytic uraemic syndrome, one of whom required peritoneal dialysis, and both recovered. All 18 culture-positive patients had indistinguishable or closely related pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Nine of the VTEC O157 culture-positive individuals were in preschool children attending two local crèches. Several culture-positive individuals apparently had exposure to a vulnerable private group water scheme (GWS) in an agricultural area. No microbiological evidence of VTEC was found in food or water. One veterinary sample (an animal rectal swab) was positive for E. coli O157 and the PFGE strain was indistinguishable from the outbreak strain. A case control study showed analytical epidemiological evidence of risk related to potential exposure to the GWS but not related to reported consumption of that water. Selection of cases and controls proved challenging. Transmission occurred primarily in childcare and family settings, with significant person-to-person spread. Control measures included voluntary closure of the crèches, exclusion of culture-positive individuals in risk groups until microbiological clearance was achieved and the issuing of a ‘boil water’ advisory for drinking water pending upgrading of disinfection facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mannix
- Department of Public Health, HSE West, Limerick, Ireland
| | - D Whyte
- Department of Public Health, HSE West, Limerick, Ireland
| | - E McNamara
- Public Health Laboratory, HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster, Ireland
| | - N O’Connell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - R FitzGerald
- Department of Public Health, HSE West, Limerick, Ireland
| | - M Mahony
- Paediatric Department, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - T Prendiville
- Paediatric Department, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - T Norris
- Department of Public Health, HSE West, Limerick, Ireland
| | - A Curtin
- Environmental Health Services, HSE West, Limerick, Ireland
| | - A Carroll
- Public Health Laboratory, HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster, Ireland
| | - E Whelan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J Buckley
- Veterinary Section, Cork County Council, Ireland
| | - J McCarthy
- Veterinary Section, Limerick County Council, Ireland
| | - M Murphy
- Veterinary Section, Cork County Council, Ireland
| | - T Greally
- Department of Public Health, HSE West, Limerick, Ireland
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Sayers G, McCarthy T, O'Connell M, O'Leary M, O'Brien D, Cafferkey M, McNamara E. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with interfamilial spread of E. coli O26:H11. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 134:724-8. [PMID: 16371176 PMCID: PMC2870445 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268805005455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In September 2000, haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) was diagnosed in a 10-month-old child with a prodromal history of vomiting and diarrhoea (non-bloody). Investigation revealed that a self-limiting gastrointestinal illness (mean duration 48 h) had occurred among immediate and extended family in the 2 weeks prior to the child's admission. The epidemiology of the illness suggested person-to-person spread. Five children (close family contacts) had E. coli O26 verocytotoxin (VT1 and VT2) isolated from stools. Stool culture and serology from the index case were negative for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) organisms. Control measures in accordance with the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS), verocytotoxogenic organisms (VTEC) guidelines were applied to prevent further spread among the extended family and contacts. Despite detailed food and environmental exposure histories, the source of the illness was not identified. This incident highlights the importance of investigation of cases of post-diarrhoeal HUS, for potential shiga toxin E. coli aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sayers
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive Eastern Region, Dublin.
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McGill K, Cowley D, Moran L, Scates P, O'Leary A, Madden RH, Carroll C, McNamara E, Moore JE, Fanning S, Collins JD, Whyte P. Antibiotic resistance of retail food and human Campylobacter isolates on the island of Ireland from 2001-2002. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 134:1282-91. [PMID: 16623987 PMCID: PMC2870507 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268806006200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter isolates recovered from a range of retail food samples (n=374) and humans (n=314) to eight antimicrobial compounds were investigated. High levels of resistance in food C. jejuni isolates were observed for ceftiofur (58%), ampicillin (25%) and nalidixic acid (17%) with lower levels observed for streptomycin (7.9%) and chloramphenicol (8.3%). A total of 80% of human C. jejuni isolates were resistant to ceftiofur, while 17% showed resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid, 8.6% to streptomycin and 4.1% to chloramphenicol. Resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials such as erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was 6.7, 12, and 15% respectively for all food isolates and was similar to corresponding resistance prevalences observed for human isolates, where 6.4, 12 and 13% respectively were found to be resistant. Comparisons of C. jejuni isolates in each location showed a high degree of similarity although some regional variations did exist. Comparison of total C. jejuni and C. coli populations showed minor differences, with C. jejuni isolates more resistant to ampicillin and ceftiofur. Multidrug resistance patterns showed some profiles common to human and clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McGill
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Research Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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Whyte P, McGill K, Cowley D, Madden RH, Moran L, Scates P, Carroll C, O'Leary A, Fanning S, Collins JD, McNamara E, Moore JE, Cormican M. Occurrence of Campylobacter in retail foods in Ireland. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 95:111-8. [PMID: 15282123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Revised: 10/01/2003] [Accepted: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A surveillance study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in a range of retail foods purchased in three Irish cities over a 20-month period between March 2001 and October 2002. In total 2391 food samples were analysed during this period. Campylobacter was isolated from 444 raw chicken (49.9%), 33 turkey (37.5%) and 11 duck samples (45.8%). Lower isolation rates of 7/221 (3.2%), 10/197 (5.1%) and 31/262 (11.8%) were observed for raw beef, pork and lamb, respectively. One sample of pork paté from 120 samples analysed (0.8%) was Campylobacter-positive. A total of three shellfish samples (oysters) from 129 raw specimens examined (2.3%) were found to contain Campylobacter. Low prevalences of the organism (0.9%) were also isolated from fresh mushrooms. Of 62 raw bulk tank milk samples analysed, Campylobacter was recovered in a single sample (1.6%). Campylobacter was not detected in any of the comminuted pork puddings, prepared vegetables and salads, retail sandwiches or cheeses made from unpasteurised milk. In total, 543 Campylobacter were isolated from all of the food samples analysed, of which 453 (83.4%) were confirmed as Campylobacter jejuni and the remaining 90 (16.6%) as Campylobacter coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Whyte
- Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ballsbridge, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Loane D, Flanagan G, Siún A, McNamara E, Kenny S. Nutrition in the community - an exploratory study of oral nutritional supplements in a health board area in Ireland. J Hum Nutr Diet 2004; 17:257-66. [PMID: 15139898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2004.00527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A review of the General Medical (Payments) Scheme data in the Midland Health Board (MHB) Ireland identified a spend of just over euro 0.5 million on enteral nutritional supplements (oral and tube feeds) in an 11-month period in 1998 [General Medical Services (Payments) Board, 1998, MHB Clinical Nutritional Products: January-December 1998, Dublin]. In 2000, a figure of euro5 million was reported as the annual spend (oral and tube feeds) [General Medical Services (Payments) Board, 2000, MHB Clinical Nutritional Products: January-December 2000, Dublin]. Research has shown that a high proportion of Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) are inappropriately prescribed by primary care practitioners (Gall et al., 2001). The role of General Practitioners (GPs) and Public Health Nurses (PHNs) in prescribing ONS to patients aged 65 years and older was examined, as they are directly involved in the delivery of primary health care. AIM (i) Assess current trends, decision-making processes and monitoring procedures in the use of ONS for older patients in the community. (ii) Identify whether nutritional assessments and appropriate nutritional criteria are standard practice in determining selection of ONS. METHODS A study was conducted among 99 GPs and 120 PHNs in the MHB. All GPs were selected to participate and 50% (60) of PHNs were randomly selected. A telephone questionnaire was administered to each subject over a 2-week period. RESULTS Both GPs (78%) and PHNs (47%) reported that their prescription of/recommendations for ONS had increased in the last 4 years. None conducted a full nutritional assessment, but 25% of PHNs used a Nutrition Screening Tool when trying to ascertain whether a patient requires an ONS. Only 19.6% of GPs and 6.8% of PHNs surveyed were aware of the calorie content of a standard 200 mL ONS (sip-feed). In addition, a very significant proportion of both GPs and PHNs do not appear to give appropriate dietary advice to patients who may be at risk of malnutrition. Only 55% of GPs stated that they would specifically review a patient's ONS prescription. All GPs said that they would not conduct a full nutritional assessment at the review appointment. CONCLUSION The results of this study raise concerns as to the appropriateness of current ONS prescription and monitoring in the community. They also highlight the need for further intervention in the primary care setting in order to ensure that elderly malnourished patients are detected, treated and monitored in an appropriate and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Loane
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
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Flanagan G, Loane D, Kenny S, McNamara E. Oral nutrition supplements use in an Irish community. Clin Nutr 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(03)80368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Roche M, Humphreys H, Smyth E, Phillips J, Cunney R, McNamara E, O'Brien D, McArdle O. A twelve-year review of central nervous system bacterial abscesses; presentation and aetiology. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003; 9:803-9. [PMID: 14616700 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review and document the changing patterns in diagnosis, causes and treatment of bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS) in a national neurosurgical unit only in patients from whom a specimen was obtained for culture. METHODS The case notes, radiological results and laboratory records of all 163 patients in our institution who underwent a neurosurgical procedure between 1988 and 2000 for a CNS abscess in a national center were reviewed retrospectively. Those patients from whom there were no operative specimens (i.e. neurosurgical intervention was not performed) and who were treated empirically were excluded, as were patients with mycobacterial infection. RESULTS The mean age of the 163 patients was 35.2 years. Headache, pyrexia and an altered mental state were the commonest presentations. The frontal lobe was the commonest anatomical site (62 patients, 38%) and the majority of abscesses occurred following community infections such as sinusitis and mastoiditis; no primary source could be identified in 32 (20%) patients. Bacteria were isolated from 73% of patients and polymicrobial infections occurred in 29 (17.7%) patients. Anaerobes accounted for only 13.6% of isolates and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated on five occasions, all in the last five years of this review. Sixteen (9.8%) patients died prior to discharge or transfer back to the original referring hospital and 18 (11%) patients developed epilepsy. CONCLUSION There was a relatively high incidence of polymicrobial infection but the number of specimens with anaerobes was small, which may be because of the use of empiric metronidazole before surgical intervention. Most infections were community-acquired and responded well to a combination of surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy. The emergence of MRSA in this group of patients is, however, worrying.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roche
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Power RE, Little DM, Smyth E, McNamara E, Hickey DP. Successful replacement of systemic immunosuppression by local graft irradiation in the management of listeria meningitis. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:1322-3. [PMID: 12826148 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R E Power
- Department of Transplantation, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Abstract
The use of tube feeding in some patients can be controversial, however, few studies have investigated dietitians' opinions on this subject. A cross-sectional survey of 345 members the Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute was conducted using a self-administered, anonymous, postal questionnaire. A 44% response rate was achieved. Mean number of years qualified was 9.3 (8.4). Eighty-one per cent of responders were involved in initiating tube feeding in stroke patients, and 8.5% in discontinuing tube feeding in a patient in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). Nine per cent felt that their input had no influence on the care plan of the patient with dementia and 67% felt that the information given to families (or other decision makers) concerning tube feeding was inadequate. The majority of respondents favoured tube feeding fictitious stroke and cancer patients, but less than half favoured tube feeding a fictitious patient in a PVS or a patient with dementia. When given similar scenarios involving themselves, fewer dietitians wanted to be tube fed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Healy
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 7, Republic of Ireland
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Murphy TM, McNamara E, Hill M, Rooney N, Barry J, Egan J, O'Connell A, O'Loughlin J, McFaddyen S. Epidemiological studies of human and animal Salmonella typhimurium DT104 and DT104b isolates in Ireland. Epidemiol Infect 2001; 126:3-9. [PMID: 11293679 PMCID: PMC2869670 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268801005143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 122 human and animal Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 isolates and 6 epidemiologically related DT104b isolates from human and animal products were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Genomic DNA was subjected to macrorestriction with three enzymes, SpeI, SfiI and XbaI. A total of 14 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles were identified when the PFGE patterns from the three enzymes were combined. The majority of isolates (81.2%) exhibited the same RFLP profile. Six animal DT104 isolates, susceptible to enrofloxacin and resistant to naladixic acid, were identified from the antibiotic susceptibility test. Four of these isolates had a different PFGE profile from the common RFLP. In addition, 4 of the 6 isolates were geographically clustered in one region. It was concluded that there was one predominant strain of S. Typhimurium DT104 in Ireland and that the potential and selection pressures for emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Murphy
- Department of Agriculture, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Castleknock, Dublin, Ireland
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Uboh CE, Soma LR, Luo Y, McNamara E, Fennell MA, May L, Teleis DC, Rudy JA, Watson AO. Pharmacokinetics of penicillin G procaine versus penicillin G potassium and procaine hydrochloride in horses. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61:811-5. [PMID: 10895905 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics of penicillin G and procaine in racehorses following i.m. administration of penicillin G procaine (PGP) with pharmacokinetics following i.m. administration of penicillin G potassium and procaine hydrochloride (PH). ANIMALS 6 healthy adult mares. PROCEDURE Horses were treated with PGP (22,000 units of penicillin G/kg of body weight, i.m.) and with penicillin G potassium (22,000 U/kg, i.m.) and PH (1.55 mg/kg, i.m.). A minimum of 3 weeks was allowed to elapse between drug treatments. Plasma and urine penicillin G and procaine concentrations were measured by use of high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS Median elimination phase half-lives of penicillin G were 24.7 and 12.9 hours, respectively, after administration of PGP and penicillin G potassium. Plasma penicillin G concentration 24 hours after administration of penicillin G potassium and PH was not significantly different from concentration 24 hours after administration of PGP. Median elimination phase half-life of procaine following administration of PGP (15.6 hours) was significantly longer than value obtained after administration of penicillin G potassium and PH (1 hour). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that i.m. administration of penicillin G potassium will result in plasma penicillin G concentrations for 24 hours after drug administration comparable to those obtained with administration of PGP Clearance of procaine from plasma following administration of penicillin G potassium and PH was rapid, compared with clearance following administration of PGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Uboh
- West Chester University, Department of Chemistry, PA 19382, USA
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Cunney R, Aziz HA, Schubert D, McNamara E, Smyth E. Interpretative reporting and selective antimicrobial susceptibility release in non-critical microbiology results. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45:705-8. [PMID: 10797098 DOI: 10.1093/jac/45.5.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The action taken in response to 169 positive sputum, urine and wound culture reports was examined. All reports included interpretative comments. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were released in 29 (17%). Therapy was significantly more likely to be started or altered in response to reports where susceptibilities were released (13 of 29, 45%) versus those without susceptibility release (31 of 140, 22%). Susceptibility release did not influence the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy. The clinical microbiology team was contacted for therapeutic advice in response to 32 (19%) reports. Of the remaining 137 reports, therapy was started or altered in response to 30 (22%) reports, but was considered appropriate in only seven (22%) of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cunney
- Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McNamara
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, Dublin
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) is a potentially life-threatening illness which has been shown to be more common and more severe in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) than in other groups. A review of CDAD in our nephrology unit was carried out. METHODS A review of microbiology and histology records identified 32 cases of CDAD in the nephrology unit over a 24-month period. Patient notes were reviewed to identify risk factors, clinical features and outcome. Available isolates of C. difficile underwent 16S ribosomal RNA typing. RESULTS The incidence of CDAD in the nephrology unit was 10.7 per 1000 admissions, compared to 2.7 per 1000 in other areas of the hospital (P<0.0001). CDAD was considered the sole or principal cause of death in six (19%) and was considered a contributing factor in a further seven (22%). Mortality was significantly higher among patients with established CRF (P=0.04). Seven cases occurred as a cluster, over a 1-month period. Isolates from this cluster, along with comparative strains from other areas of the hospital, were found to be PCR type 1. Diarrhoea occurred in 28 (89%) of cases, pyrexia in 17 (53%) and ileus or abdominal pain in 14 (44%). Six patients responded to discontinuation of antibiotics alone and 22 required metronidazole and/or vancomycin. Three patients had colectomy and one caecostomy because of toxic megacolon. Four patients died before specific therapy could be given and in two of these cases the diagnosis was made at autopsy. Twenty-six patients had a record of recent antibiotic therapy. Of these, 15 had at least one agent considered to be inappropriate (excessively broad spectrum agent in 11, excessive duration of therapy in four). Nine patients had only received antibiotics prior to admission. CONCLUSIONS CDAD carries a high mortality in nephrology patients, especially those with established CRF. The diagnosis may be missed if a careful antibiotic history is not taken, including agents received prior to admission. Rational antibiotic prescribing and adherence to infection control measures are vital to reduce the incidence of this serious condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Cunney
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Waddington JL, Tighe O, Croke DT, Drago J, Sibley DR, Feely J, Kelly A, Carvalho M, Hennessy M, Kelly M, Feely J, Hughes C, Hanlon M, Feely J, Sabra K, Keane T, Egan D, Ryan M, Maerry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Maerry C, Ryan M, Barry M, Mulcahy FM, Sharma SC, Williams D, Kelly A, Carvalho M, Feely J, Williams D, Kelly A, Carvalho M, Feely J, Codd MB, Mahon NG, McCann HA, Sugrue DD, Sayers GM, Johnson Z, McNamara SM, Kavanagh PV, Feely J. 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Cunney RJ, McNamara E, al Ansari N, O'Neill G, O'Neill S, Smyth EC. Failure of teicoplanin therapy in Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia. J Hosp Infect 1994; 28:325-7. [PMID: 7897196 DOI: 10.1016/0195-6701(94)90098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Carson KD, Grimes SB, McGinley JM, Thornton MT, Mulhall J, Bourke AM, McCrory C, Marsh B, Hone R, Phelan D, White M, Fabry J, Hughes D, Carson K, Donnelly M, Shanahan E, Fitzpatrick GJ, Bourke M, Warde D, Buggy D, Hughes N, Taylor A, Dowd N, Markham T, Blunnie W, Nicholson G, O’Leary E, Cunningham AJ, Dwyer R, McMechan S, Cullen C, Dempsey G, Wright G, MacKenzie G, Anderson J, Adgey J, Walsh M, O’Callaghan P, Graham I, O’Hare JA, Geoghegan M, Iman N, Shah P, Chander R, Lavin F, Daly K, Johnston PW, Imam Z, Adgey AAJ, Rusk RA, Richardson SG, Hale A, Kinsella BM, FitzGerald GA, King G, Crean P, Gearty G, Cawley T, Docherty JR, Geraghty J, Osborne H, Upton J, D’Arcy G, Stinson J, Cooke T, Colgan MP, Hall M, Tyrrell J, Gaffney K, Grouden M, Moore DJ, Shanik G, Feely J, Delanty N, Reilly M, Lawson JA, Fitzgerald DJ, Reilly MP, McAdam BF, Bergin C, Walshe MJ, Herity NA, Allen JD, Silke B, Singh HP, O’Neill S, Hargrove M, Coleman E, Shorten E, Aherne T, Kelly BE, Hill DH, McIlrath E, Morrow 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Affiliation(s)
- M Mirochnick
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston City Hospital, MA 02118
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Williamson AD, Woods JD, Conley JM, O'Barr WM, Losey MR, Colbert C, Wofford J, McNamara E. Is this the right time to come out? Case study. Harv Bus Rev 1993; 71:18-20, 22, 24 passim. [PMID: 10127038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this fictional case study, Adam Lawson is a promising young associate at Kirkham McDowell Securities, a St. Louis underwriting and financial advisory firm. Recently, Adam helped to bring in an extremely lucrative deal, and soon he and a few other associates will be honored for their efforts at the firm's silver anniversary dinner. George Campbell, vice president in mergers and acquisitions, is caught unprepared when Adam tells him that, after serious reflection, he has decided to bring his partner, Robert Collins, to the banquet. George is one of Adam's biggest supporters at the firm, and he personally has no problem with Adam being gay. But it is one thing for Adam to come out of the closet at the office. It is quite another to do so at a public company-client event. After all, Kirkham McDowell's client roster includes some very conservative companies--one of the country's largest defense contractors, for example. George is concerned with how Adam's openness about his sexual orientation will play with their clients and, as a result, how senior management will react. Adam has not come to George for permission to bring Robert to the dinner. But clearly Adam wants some sort of response. George has never faced sexual diversity issues in the workplace before, and there is no company policy to guide him. Just how negative an effect could Robert have on Adam's career with the firm and the firm's relationship with its clients? Isn't it possible that even the firm's most conservative clients will simply decide that Adam's choice of guest is a personal matter--not a business one?(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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