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de Freitas Araújo KC, de Araújo Costa ECT, de Araújo DM, Santos EV, Martínez-Huitle CA, Castro PS. Probing the Use of Homemade Carbon Fiber Microsensor for Quantifying Caffeine in Soft Beverages. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1928. [PMID: 36903043 PMCID: PMC10004175 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the development of electrochemical sensors, carbon micro-structured or micro-materials have been widely used as supports/modifiers to improve the performance of bare electrodes. In the case of carbon fibers (CFs), these carbonaceous materials have received extensive attention and their use has been proposed in a variety of fields. However, to the best of our knowledge, no attempts for electroanalytical determination of caffeine with CF microelectrode (µE) have been reported in the literature. Therefore, a homemade CF-µE was fabricated, characterized, and used to determine caffeine in soft beverage samples. From the electrochemical characterization of the CF-µE in K3Fe(CN)6 10 mmol L-1 plus KCl 100 mmol L-1, a radius of about 6 µm was estimated, registering a sigmoidal voltammetric profile that distinguishes a µE indicating that the mass-transport conditions were improved. Voltammetric analysis of the electrochemical response of caffeine at the CF-µE clearly showed that no effects were attained due to the mass transport in solution. Differential pulse voltammetric analysis using the CF-µE was able to determine the detection sensitivity, concentration range (0.3 to 4.5 µmol L-1), limit of detection (0.13 μmol L-1) and linear relationship (I (µA) = (11.6 ± 0.09) × 10-3 [caffeine, μmol L-1] - (0.37 ± 0.24) × 10-3), aiming at the quantification applicability in concentration quality-control for the beverages industry. When the homemade CF-µE was used to quantify the caffeine concentration in the soft beverage samples, the values obtained were satisfactory in comparison with the concentrations reported in the literature. Additionally, the concentrations were analytically determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These results show that these electrodes may be an alternative to the development of new and portable reliable analytical tools at low cost with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Caroline de Freitas Araújo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Emily Cintia Tossi de Araújo Costa
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara CEP14800-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisama V. Santos
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara CEP14800-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara CEP14800-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Souza Castro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Campus Universitário, Av. Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal CEP59078-970, RN, Brazil
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Pereira ADSBF, de Souza Lima ML, da Silva-Junior AA, dos Santos Silva E, de Araújo Júnior RF, Martins AA, Alves JSF, Oliveira ADS, De Santis Ferreira L, de Araújo Costa ECT, Guerra GCB, de Medeiros CACX, Brito GAC, de Carvalho Leitao RF, de Araújo AA. In vitro-in vivo availability of metformin hydrochloride-PLGA nanoparticles in diabetic rats in a periodontal disease experimental model. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:1576-1584. [PMID: 34808068 PMCID: PMC8635670 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2002369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metformin is an important oral anti-hyperglycemic used in diabetes. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has been widely used due to its reliability in controlling the release of drugs. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the in vitro-in vivo availability of metformin hydrochloride-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro metformin release (Met-free or PLGA + Met-12.5 mg/mL per 360 min) was evaluated using static Franz vertical diffusion cells. The in vivo study was performed with two control groups (validation bioanalytical method) and two experimental groups of diabetic male Wistar rats treated with PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg or Met 100 mg/kg by oral gavage. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) through the penile vein. Blood samples were collected 0.5, 1, 4, 7, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg was released in the in vitro assay suggesting a parabolic diffusion kinetic model (K -0.0619-0.5h) with a 100% release profile in 10 h by controlled diffusion. The in vivo assay showed the apparent volume of distribution Vz/F (PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg, 40971.8 mL/kg vs. Met 100 mg/kg, 2174.58 mL/kg) and mean residence time MRTinf (PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg, 37.66 h vs. Met 100 mg/kg, 3.34 h). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The formulation modifies pharmacokinetics parameters such as apparent distribution volume and mean residence time. The PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg had a slower elimination rate compared to Met 100 mg/kg in diabetic rats in a periodontal disease experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuell dos Santos Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Post-Graduation program in Functional and Structural Biology/Post-graduation program Health Science/Department of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Postgraduate Program in Morphology, Department of Morphology, UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Post-Graduation Program Oral Science/Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
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Ganiyu SO, Vieira Dos Santos E, Tossi de Araújo Costa EC, Martínez-Huitle CA. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) as alternative treatment techniques for carwash wastewater reclamation. Chemosphere 2018; 211:998-1006. [PMID: 30119031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes such as electrooxidation (EO), electrooxidation with hydrogen peroxide generation (EO-H2O2) and electro-Fenton process (EF) have been investigated as alternative treatment techniques for complete removal of anionic surfactants and organic matters from real carwash wastewater. The electrochemical processes were performed with acidified real carwash wastewater using boron doped anode and carbon felt cathode. In all cases, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was always increased with rise in applied current and complete organic matter decay was achieved at applied current of 500 mA or above after 6 h of electrolysis. Faster and higher COD decay was observed with EF compared to either EO or EO-H2O2 treatment, at all currents and electrolysis time. Besides, complete degradation of anionic surfactants - the major organic content of the wastewater could be achieved at all applied currents studied irrespective of the process used, indicating the efficacy of processes for total remediation of real carwash wastewater. The short-chain carboxylic acids formed as the final organic byproducts were identified and quantified by ion-exclusion chromatography. More so, lower energy consumption and higher current efficiency were achieved with EF compared to EO-H2O2. Electrochemical treatment was found to be a powerful technology for the complete abatement of organic matter in carwash wastewater for possible reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soliu O Ganiyu
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Elisama Vieira Dos Santos
- Science and TechnologySchool, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Unesp, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Dos Santos AJ, Costa ECTDA, da Silva DR, Garcia-Segura S, Martínez-Huitle CA. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes as decentralized water treatment technologies to remediate domestic washing machine effluents. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:7002-7011. [PMID: 29273989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is one of the major concerns worldwide. In order to secure this appreciated natural resource, management and development of water treatment technologies are mandatory. One feasible alternative is the consideration of water recycling/reuse at the household scale. Here, the treatment of actual washing machine effluent by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes was considered. Electrochemical oxidation and electro-Fenton technologies can be applied as decentralized small-scale water treatment devices. Therefore, efficient decolorization and total organic abatement have been followed. The results demonstrate the promising performance of solar photoelectro-Fenton process, where complete color and organic removal was attained after 240 min of treatment under optimum conditions by applying a current density of 66.6 mA cm-2. Thus, electrochemical technologies emerge as promising water-sustainable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandro Jhones Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Emily Cintia Tossi de Araújo Costa
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Djalma Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Martínez-Huitle
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada (LEAA), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Unesp, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil.
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