1
|
Lotta LA, Pietzner M, Stewart ID, Wittemans LB, Li C, Bonelli R, Raffler J, Biggs EK, Oliver-Williams C, Auyeung VP, Luan J, Wheeler E, Paige E, Surendran P, Michelotti GA, Scott RA, Burgess S, Zuber V, Sanderson E, Koulman A, Imamura F, Forouhi NG, Khaw KT, Griffin JL, Wood AM, Kastenmüller G, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Bahlo M, Fauman E, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C. A cross-platform approach identifies genetic regulators of human metabolism and health. Nat Genet 2021; 53:54-64. [PMID: 33414548 PMCID: PMC7612925 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In cross-platform analyses of 174 metabolites, we identify 499 associations (P < 4.9 × 10-10) characterized by pleiotropy, allelic heterogeneity, large and nonlinear effects and enrichment for nonsynonymous variation. We identify a signal at GLP2R (p.Asp470Asn) shared among higher citrulline levels, body mass index, fasting glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and type 2 diabetes, with β-arrestin signaling as the underlying mechanism. Genetically higher serine levels are shown to reduce the likelihood (by 95%) and predict development of macular telangiectasia type 2, a rare degenerative retinal disease. Integration of genomic and small molecule data across platforms enables the discovery of regulators of human metabolism and translation into clinical insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca A. Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Laura B.L. Wittemans
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,The Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford
| | - Chen Li
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roberto Bonelli
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Johannes Raffler
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Emma K. Biggs
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Oliver-Williams
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ellie Paige
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Verena Zuber
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,NIHR BRC Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julian L. Griffin
- Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Angela M. Wood
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK,Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK,Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Fiona M. Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eric Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adriaenssens AE, Biggs EK, Darwish T, Tadross J, Sukthankar T, Girish M, Polex-Wolf J, Lam BY, Zvetkova I, Pan W, Chiarugi D, Yeo GSH, Blouet C, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor-Expressing Cells in the Hypothalamus Regulate Food Intake. Cell Metab 2019; 30:987-996.e6. [PMID: 31447324 PMCID: PMC6838660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ambiguity regarding the role of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in obesity arises from conflicting reports asserting that both GIP receptor (GIPR) agonism and antagonism are effective strategies for inhibiting weight gain. To enable identification and manipulation of Gipr-expressing (Gipr) cells, we created Gipr-Cre knockin mice. As GIPR-agonists have recently been reported to suppress food intake, we aimed to identify central mediators of this effect. Gipr cells were identified in the arcuate, dorsomedial, and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, as confirmed by RNAscope in mouse and human. Single-cell RNA-seq identified clusters of hypothalamic Gipr cells exhibiting transcriptomic signatures for vascular, glial, and neuronal cells, the latter expressing somatostatin but little pro-opiomelanocortin or agouti-related peptide. Activation of Gq-DREADDs in hypothalamic Gipr cells suppressed food intake in vivo, which was not obviously additive with concomitant GLP1R activation. These data identify hypothalamic GIPR as a target for the regulation of energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Adriaenssens
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emma K Biggs
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tamana Darwish
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John Tadross
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tanmay Sukthankar
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Milind Girish
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joseph Polex-Wolf
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brain Y Lam
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Warren Pan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Davide Chiarugi
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Clemence Blouet
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Larraufie P, Roberts GP, McGavigan AK, Kay RG, Li J, Leiter A, Melvin A, Biggs EK, Ravn P, Davy K, Hornigold DC, Yeo GSH, Hardwick RH, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Important Role of the GLP-1 Axis for Glucose Homeostasis after Bariatric Surgery. Cell Rep 2019; 26:1399-1408.e6. [PMID: 30726726 PMCID: PMC6367566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is widely used to treat obesity and improves type 2 diabetes beyond expectations from the degree of weight loss. Elevated post-prandial concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and insulin are widely reported, but the importance of GLP-1 in post-bariatric physiology remains debated. Here, we show that GLP-1 is a major driver of insulin secretion after bariatric surgery, as demonstrated by blocking GLP-1 receptors (GLP1Rs) post-gastrectomy in lean humans using Exendin-9 or in mice using an anti-GLP1R antibody. Transcriptomics and peptidomics analyses revealed that human and mouse enteroendocrine cells were unaltered post-surgery; instead, we found that elevated plasma GLP-1 and PYY correlated with increased nutrient delivery to the distal gut in mice. We conclude that increased GLP-1 secretion after bariatric surgery arises from rapid nutrient delivery to the distal gut and is a key driver of enhanced insulin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Larraufie
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Geoffrey P Roberts
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anne K McGavigan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard G Kay
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joyce Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Leiter
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Audrey Melvin
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emma K Biggs
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter Ravn
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Kathleen Davy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Hornigold
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard H Hardwick
- Cambridge Oesophago-gastric Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biggs EK, Liang L, Naylor J, Madalli S, Collier R, Coghlan MP, Baker DJ, Hornigold DC, Ravn P, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Development and characterisation of a novel glucagon like peptide-1 receptor antibody. Diabetologia 2018; 61:711-721. [PMID: 29119245 PMCID: PMC5890879 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion by binding to GLP-1 receptors (GLP1Rs) on pancreatic beta cells. GLP-1 mimetics are used in the clinic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but despite their therapeutic success, several clinical effects of GLP-1 remain unexplained at a mechanistic level, particularly in extrapancreatic tissues. The aim of this study was to generate and characterise a monoclonal antagonistic antibody for the GLP1R for use in vivo. METHODS A naive phage display selection strategy was used to isolate single-chain variable fragments (ScFvs) that bound to GLP1R. The ScFv with the highest affinity, Glp1R0017, was converted into a human IgG1 and characterised further. In vitro antagonistic activity was assessed in a number of assays: a cAMP-based homogenous time-resolved fluorescence assay in GLP1R-overexpressing cell lines, a live cell cAMP imaging assay and an insulin secretion assay in INS-1 832/3 cells. Glp1R0017 was further tested in immunostaining of mouse pancreas, and the ability of Glp1R0017 to block GLP1R in vivo was assessed by both IPGTT and OGTT in C57/Bl6 mice. RESULTS Antibodies to GLP1R were selected from naive antibody phage display libraries. The monoclonal antibody Glp1R0017 antagonised mouse, human, rat, cynomolgus monkey and dog GLP1R. This antagonistic activity was specific to GLP1R; no antagonistic activity was found in cells overexpressing the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor (GIPR), glucagon like peptide-2 receptor or glucagon receptor. GLP-1-stimulated cAMP and insulin secretion was attenuated in INS-1 832/3 cells by Glp1R0017 incubation. Immunostaining of mouse pancreas tissue with Glp1R0017 showed specific staining in the islets of Langerhans, which was absent in Glp1r knockout tissue. In vivo, Glp1R0017 reversed the glucose-lowering effect of liraglutide during IPGTTs, and reduced glucose tolerance by blocking endogenous GLP-1 action in OGTTs. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Glp1R0017 is a monoclonal antagonistic antibody to the GLP1R that binds to GLP1R on pancreatic beta cells and blocks the actions of GLP-1 in vivo. This antibody holds the potential to be used in investigating the physiological importance of GLP1R signalling in extrapancreatic tissues where cellular targets and signalling pathways activated by GLP-1 are poorly understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Biggs
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lihuan Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqueline Naylor
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shimona Madalli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Collier
- In Vivo Sciences - UK, AstraZeneca, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew P Coghlan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Baker
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Hornigold
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Ravn
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK.
| | - Frank Reimann
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|