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Eitan E, Braverman C, Tichon A, Gitler D, Hutchison ER, Mattson MP, Priel E. Excitotoxic and Radiation Stress Increase TERT Levels in the Mitochondria and Cytosol of Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons. Cerebellum 2017; 15:509-17. [PMID: 26374457 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is the catalytic subunit of telomerase, an enzyme that elongates telomeres at the ends of chromosomes during DNA replication. Recently, it was shown that TERT has additional roles in cell survival, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and Wnt signaling, all of which are unrelated to telomeres. Here, we demonstrate that TERT is enriched in Purkinje neurons, but not in the granule cells of the adult mouse cerebellum. TERT immunoreactivity in Purkinje neurons is present in the nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoplasm. Furthermore, TERT co-localizes with mitochondrial markers, and immunoblot analysis of protein extracts from isolated mitochondria and synaptosomes confirmed TERT localization in mitochondria. TERT expression in Purkinje neurons increased significantly in response to two stressors: a sub-lethal dose of X-ray radiation and exposure to a high glutamate concentration. While X-ray radiation increased TERT levels in the nucleus, glutamate exposure elevated TERT levels in mitochondria. Our findings suggest that in mature Purkinje neurons, TERT is present both in the nucleus and in mitochondria, where it may participate in adaptive responses of the neurons to excitotoxic and radiation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Eitan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel. .,Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Carmel Braverman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ailone Tichon
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Daniel Gitler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Esther Priel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
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Grammatikakis I, Zhang P, Panda AC, Kim J, Maudsley S, Abdelmohsen K, Yang X, Martindale JL, Motiño O, Hutchison ER, Mattson MP, Gorospe M. Alternative Splicing of Neuronal Differentiation Factor TRF2 Regulated by HNRNPH1/H2. Cell Rep 2016; 15:926-934. [PMID: 27117401 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During neuronal differentiation, use of an alternative splice site on the rat telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) mRNA generates a short TRF2 protein isoform (TRF2-S) capable of derepressing neuronal genes. However, the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) controlling this splicing event are unknown. Here, using affinity pull-down analysis, we identified heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins H1 and H2(HNRNPH) as RBPs specifically capable of interacting with the spliced RNA segment (exon 7) of Trf2 pre-mRNA. HNRNPH proteins prevent the production of the short isoform of Trf2 mRNA, as HNRNPH silencing selectively elevates TRF2-S levels. Accordingly, HNRNPH levels decline while TRF2-S levels increase during neuronal differentiation. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of hnRNPH2 selectively accelerates the NGF-triggered differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma cells into neurons. In sum, HNRNPH is a splicing regulator of Trf2 pre-mRNA that prevents the expression of TRF2-S, a factor implicated in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Peisu Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amaresh C Panda
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Omar Motiño
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Eitan E, Hutchison ER, Greig NH, Tweedie D, Celik H, Ghosh S, Fishbein KW, Spencer RG, Sasaki CY, Ghosh P, Das S, Chigurapati S, Raymick J, Sarkar S, Chigurupati S, Seal S, Mattson MP. Corrigendum to "Combination therapy with lenalidomide and nanoceria ameliorates CNS autoimmunity", [Exp. Neurol. 273 (2015), 151-160]. Exp Neurol 2016; 280:121. [PMID: 27149927 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erez Eitan
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hasan Celik
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kenneth W Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Richard G Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carl Y Sasaki
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Paritosh Ghosh
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Soumen Das
- Material Science and Engineering College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Susheela Chigurapati
- Arkansas Regional Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Building 26, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - James Raymick
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Srinivasulu Chigurupati
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center, Mechanical Materials Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Eitan E, Hutchison ER, Greig NH, Tweedie D, Celik H, Ghosh S, Fishbein KW, Spencer RG, Sasaki CY, Ghosh P, Das S, Chigurapati S, Raymick J, Sarkar S, Chigurupati S, Seal S, Mattson MP. Combination therapy with lenalidomide and nanoceria ameliorates CNS autoimmunity. Exp Neurol 2015; 273:151-60. [PMID: 26277686 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurological disorder involving an autoimmune reaction to oligodendrocytes and degeneration of the axons they ensheath in the CNS. Because the damage to oligodendrocytes and axons involves local inflammation and associated oxidative stress, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment with a potent anti-inflammatory thalidomide analog (lenalidomide) and novel synthetic anti-oxidant cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to a control (no EAE) group, or one of the four myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced EAE groups: vehicle, lenalidomide, nanoceria, or lenalidomide plus nanoceria. During a 23 day period, clinical EAE symptoms were evaluated daily, and MRI brain scans were performed at 11-13 days and 20-22 days. Histological and biochemical analyses of brain tissue samples were performed to quantify myelin loss and local inflammation. RESULTS Lenalidomide treatment alone delayed symptom onset, while nanoceria treatment had no effect on symptom onset or severity, but did promote recovery; lenalidomide and nanoceria each significantly attenuated white matter pathology and associated inflammation. Combined treatment with lenalidomide and nanoceria resulted in a near elimination of EAE symptoms, and reduced white matter pathology and inflammatory cell responses to a much greater extent than either treatment alone. INTERPRETATION By suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, combined treatment with lenalidomide and nanoceria can reduce demyelination and associated neurological symptoms in EAE mice. Our preclinical data suggest a potential application of this combination therapy in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Eitan
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hasan Celik
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kenneth W Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Richard G Spencer
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carl Y Sasaki
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Paritosh Ghosh
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Soumen Das
- Material Science and Engineering College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Susheela Chigurapati
- Arkansas Regional Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Building 26, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - James Raymick
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Srinivasulu Chigurupati
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center, Mechanical Materials Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fl 32816, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Eitan E, Hutchison ER, Mattson MP. Telomere shortening in neurological disorders: an abundance of unanswered questions. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:256-63. [PMID: 24698125 PMCID: PMC4008659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres, ribonucleoprotein complexes that cap eukaryotic chromosomes, typically shorten in leukocytes with aging. Aging is a primary risk factor for neurodegenerative disease (ND), and a common assumption has arisen that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) can serve as a predictor of neurological disease. However, the evidence for shorter LTL in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's patients is inconsistent. The diverse causes of telomere shortening may explain variability in LTL between studies and individuals. Additional research is needed to determine whether neuronal and glial telomeres shorten during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders, if and how LTL is related to brain cell telomere shortening, and whether telomere shortening plays a causal role in or exacerbates neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Eitan
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Argüelles S, Camandola S, Hutchison ER, Cutler RG, Ayala A, Mattson MP. Molecular control of the amount, subcellular location, and activity state of translation elongation factor 2 in neurons experiencing stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:61-71. [PMID: 23542375 PMCID: PMC3772990 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2) is an important regulator of the protein translation machinery whereby it controls the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA. The activity of eEF-2 is regulated by changes in cellular energy status and nutrient availability and by posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation and mono-ADP-ribosylation. However, the mechanisms regulating protein translation under conditions of cellular stress in neurons are unknown. Here we show that when rat hippocampal neurons experience oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation induced by exposure to cumene hydroperoxide; CH), eEF-2 is hyperphosphorylated and ribosylated, resulting in reduced translational activity. The degradation of eEF-2 requires calpain proteolytic activity and is accompanied by accumulation of eEF-2 in the nuclear compartment. The subcellular localization of both native and phosphorylated forms of eEF-2 is influenced by CRM1 and 14.3.3, respectively. In hippocampal neurons p53 interacts with nonphosphorylated (active) eEF-2, but not with its phosphorylated form. The p53-eEF-2 complexes are present in cytoplasm and nucleus, and their abundance increases when neurons experience oxidative stress. The nuclear localization of active eEF-2 depends upon its interaction with p53, as cells lacking p53 contain less active eEF-2 in the nuclear compartment. Overexpression of eEF-2 in hippocampal neurons results in increased nuclear levels of eEF-2 and decreased cell death after exposure to CH. Our results reveal novel molecular mechanisms controlling the differential subcellular localization and activity state of eEF-2 that may influence the survival status of neurons during periods of elevated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Argüelles
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Roy G Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Hutchison ER, Kawamoto EM, Taub DD, Lal A, Abdelmohsen K, Zhang Y, Wood WH, Lehrmann E, Camandola S, Becker KG, Gorospe M, Mattson MP. Evidence for miR-181 involvement in neuroinflammatory responses of astrocytes. Glia 2013; 61:1018-28. [PMID: 23650073 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common component of acute injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) such as ischemia, and degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Glial cells play important roles in local CNS inflammation, and an understanding of the roles for microRNAs in glial reactivity in injury and disease settings may therefore lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Here, we show that the miR-181 family is developmentally regulated and present in high amounts in astrocytes compared to neurons. Overexpression of miR-181c in cultured astrocytes results in increased cell death when exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We show that miR-181 expression is altered by exposure to LPS, a model of inflammation, in both wild-type and transgenic mice lacking both receptors for the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Knockdown of miR-181 enhanced LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8) and HMGB1, while overexpression of miR-181 resulted in a significant increase in the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. To assess the effects of miR-181 on the astrocyte transcriptome, we performed gene array and pathway analysis on astrocytes with reduced levels of miR-181b/c. To examine the pool of potential miR-181 targets, we employed a biotin pull-down of miR-181c and gene array analysis. We validated the mRNAs encoding MeCP2 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis as targets of miR-181. These findings suggest that miR-181 plays important roles in the molecular responses of astrocytes in inflammatory settings. Further understanding of the role of miR-181 in inflammatory events and CNS injury could lead to novel approaches for the treatment of CNS disorders with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmette R Hutchison
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
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Lee EK, Lee MJ, Abdelmohsen K, Kim W, Kim MM, Srikantan S, Martindale JL, Hutchison ER, Kim HH, Marasa BS, Selimyan R, Egan JM, Smith SR, Fried SK, Gorospe M. miR-130 suppresses adipogenesis by inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:626-38. [PMID: 21135128 PMCID: PMC3028659 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00894-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue development is tightly regulated by altering gene expression. MicroRNAs are strong posttranscriptional regulators of mammalian differentiation. We hypothesized that microRNAs might influence human adipogenesis by targeting specific adipogenic factors. We identified microRNAs that showed varying abundance during the differentiation of human preadipocytes into adipocytes. Among them, miR-130 strongly affected adipocyte differentiation, as overexpressing miR-130 impaired adipogenesis and reducing miR-130 enhanced adipogenesis. A key effector of miR-130 actions was the protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a major regulator of adipogenesis. Interestingly, miR-130 potently repressed PPARγ expression by targeting both the PPARγ mRNA coding and 3' untranslated regions. Adipose tissue from obese women contained significantly lower miR-130 and higher PPARγ mRNA levels than that from nonobese women. Our findings reveal that miR-130 reduces adipogenesis by repressing PPARγ biosynthesis and suggest that perturbations in this regulation is linked to human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Mi Jeong Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Mihee M. Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Subramanya Srikantan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Jennifer L. Martindale
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Emmette R. Hutchison
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Hyeon Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Bernard S. Marasa
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Roza Selimyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Susan K. Fried
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Laboratory of Neurosciences, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Translational Research Institute, Florida Hospital-Burnham Institute, Winter Park, Florida 32789
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Sheinkopf SJ, Lester BM, Sanes JN, Eliassen JC, Hutchison ER, Seifer R, Lagasse LL, Durston S, Casey BJ. Functional MRI and response inhibition in children exposed to cocaine in utero. Preliminary findings. Dev Neurosci 2009; 31:159-66. [PMID: 19372696 DOI: 10.1159/000207503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential long-term effects of cocaine exposure on brain functioning using fMRI in school-aged children. The sample included 12 children with prenatal cocaine exposure and 12 non-exposed children (8-9 years old). Groups did not differ on IQ, socioeconomic status, or perinatal risk factors. A response inhibition task was administered during an fMRI scan using a 1.5-T MRI system. Task performance did not differentiate groups, but groups were differentiated by patterns of task-related brain activity. Cocaine-exposed children showed greater activation in the right inferior frontal cortex and caudate during response inhibition, whereas non-exposed children showed greater activations in temporal and occipital regions. These preliminary findings suggest that prenatal cocaine may affect the development of brain systems involved in the regulation of attention and response inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Sheinkopf
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
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Hutchison ER, Blumstein SE, Myers EB. An event-related fMRI investigation of voice-onset time discrimination. Neuroimage 2007; 40:342-52. [PMID: 18248740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discrimination of voice-onset time, an acoustic-phonetic cue to voicing in stop consonants, was investigated to explore the neural systems underlying the perception of a rapid temporal speech parameter. Pairs of synthetic stimuli taken from a [da] to [ta] continuum varying in voice-onset time (VOT) were presented for discrimination judgments. Participants exhibited categorical perception, discriminating 15-ms and 30-ms between-category comparisons and failing to discriminate 15-ms within-category comparisons. Contrastive analysis with a tone discrimination task demonstrated left superior temporal gyrus activation in all three VOT conditions with recruitment of additional regions, particularly the right inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus for the 15-ms between-category stimuli. Hemispheric differences using anatomically defined regions of interest showed two distinct patterns with anterior regions showing more activation in the right hemisphere relative to the left hemisphere and temporal regions demonstrating greater activation in the left hemisphere relative to the right hemisphere. Activation in the temporal regions appears to reflect initial acoustic-perceptual analysis of VOT. Greater activation in the right hemisphere anterior regions may reflect increased processing demands, suggesting involvement of the right hemisphere when the acoustic distance between the stimuli are reduced and when the discrimination judgment becomes more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmette R Hutchison
- Brown University, Department of Neuroscience, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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