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Perez-Rando M, Castillo-Gomez E. Editorial: Neurotrophins and their importance on neural plasticity: New insights and potential therapeutic effects on brain pathology. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1082116. [DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Coviello S, Gramuntell Y, Castillo-Gomez E, Nacher J. Effects of Dopamine on the Immature Neurons of the Adult Rat Piriform Cortex. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:574234. [PMID: 33122993 PMCID: PMC7573248 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.574234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The layer II of the adult piriform cortex (PCX) contains a numerous population of immature neurons. Interestingly, in both mice and rats, most, if not all, these cells have an embryonic origin. Moreover, recent studies from our laboratory have shown that they progressively mature into typical excitatory neurons of the PCX layer II. Therefore, the adult PCX is considered a “non-canonical” neurogenic niche. These immature neurons express the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a molecule critical for different neurodevelopmental processes. Dopamine (DA) is a relevant neurotransmitter in the adult CNS, which also plays important roles in neural development and adult plasticity, including the regulation of PSA-NCAM expression. In order to evaluate the hypothetical effects of pharmacological modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission on the differentiation of immature neurons of the adult PCX, we studied dopamine D2 receptor (D2r) expression in this region and the relationship between dopaminergic fibers and immature neurons (defined by PSA-NCAM expression). In addition, we analyzed the density of immature neurons after chronic treatments with an antagonist and an agonist of D2r: haloperidol and PPHT, respectively. Many dopaminergic fibers were observed in close apposition to PSA-NCAM-expressing neurons, which also coexpressed D2r. Chronic treatment with haloperidol significantly increased the number of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive cells, while PPHT treatment decreased it. These results indicate a prominent role of dopamine, through D2r and PSA-NCAM, on the regulation of the final steps of development of immature neurons in the adult PCX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Coviello
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gramuntell
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gomez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Program in Neurosciences and Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Perez-Rando M, Castillo-Gomez E, Bueno-Fernandez C, Nacher J. The TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone changes the structural dynamics of neocortical pyramidal neurons and improves object recognition in mice. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2393-2408. [PMID: 29500536 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BDNF and its receptor TrkB have important roles in neurodevelopment, neural plasticity, learning, and memory. Alterations in TrkB expression have been described in different CNS disorders. Therefore, drugs interacting with TrkB, specially agonists, are promising therapeutic tools. Among them, the recently described 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), an orally bioactive compound, has been successfully tested in animal models of these diseases. Recent studies have shown the influence of this drug on the structure of pyramidal neurons, specifically on dendritic spine density. However, there is no information yet on how DHF may alter the structural dynamics of these neurons (i.e., real-time study of the addition/elimination of dendritic spines and axonal boutons). To gain knowledge on these effects of DHF, we have performed a real-time analysis of spine and axonal dynamics in pyramidal neurons of barrel cortex, using cranial windows and 2-photon microscopy during a chronic oral treatment with this drug. After confirming TrkB expression in these neurons, we found that DHF increased the gain rates of spines and axonal boutons, as well as improved object recognition memory. These results help to understand how the activation of the BDNF-TrkB system can improve basic behavioral tasks through changes in the structural dynamics of pyramidal neurons. Moreover, they highlight DHF as a promising therapeutic vector for certain brain disorders in which this system is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Rando
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Department, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gomez
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Department, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, 46100, Spain. .,CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Vicente Sos Banyat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Clara Bueno-Fernandez
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Department, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, Cell Biology Department, Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner, 50, Burjassot, 46100, Spain. .,CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, Valencia, Spain. .,Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
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Gilabert-Juan J, Bueno-Fernandez C, Castillo-Gomez E, Nacher J. Reduced interneuronal dendritic arborization in CA1 but not in CA3 region of mice subjected to chronic mild stress. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00534. [PMID: 28239515 PMCID: PMC5318357 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy and decreases spine density in excitatory hippocampal neurons, although there is also ample evidence indicating that the GABAergic system is altered in the hippocampus after this aversive experience. Chronic stress causes dendritic remodeling both in excitatory neurons and interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. METHODS In order to know whether it also has an impact on the structure and neurotransmission of hippocampal interneurons, we have analyzed the dendritic arborization, spine density, and the expression of markers of inhibitory synapses and plasticity in the hippocampus of mice submitted to 21 days of mild restrain stress. The analyses were performed in GIN mice, a strain that displays EGFP-labeled interneurons. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in the dendritic arborization of interneurons in the CA1 region, which did not occur in those in CA3. We found neither changes in dendritic spine density in these regions nor alterations in the number of EGFP-positive interneurons. Nevertheless, the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 was reduced in different layers of CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. No significant changes were found in the expression of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) or synaptophysin. CONCLUSIONS Chronic stress reduces the interneuronal dendritic arborization in CA1 region of the hippocampus but not in CA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gilabert-Juan
- Neurobiology Unit Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València Burjassot Spain; Genetics Department Universitat de València Burjassot Spain; CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health Burjassot Spain; Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia INCLIVA Burjassot Spain
| | - Clara Bueno-Fernandez
- Neurobiology Unit Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València Burjassot Spain
| | - Esther Castillo-Gomez
- Neurobiology Unit Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València Burjassot Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit Program in Neurosciences and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València Burjassot Spain; CIBERSAM: Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health Burjassot Spain; Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia INCLIVA Burjassot Spain
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Castillo-Gomez E, Kästner A, Steiner J, Schneider A, Hettling B, Poggi G, Ostehr K, Uhr M, Asif AR, Matzke M, Schmidt U, Pfander V, Hammer C, Schulz TF, Binder L, Stöcker W, Weber F, Ehrenreich H. The brain as immunoprecipitator of serum autoantibodies against N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1. Ann Neurol 2015; 79:144-51. [PMID: 26505629 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies (AB) against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1 (NMDAR1) are highly seroprevalent in health and disease. Symptomatic relevance may arise upon compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, it remained unknown whether circulating NMDAR1 AB appear in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Of n = 271 subjects with CSF-serum pairs, 26 were NMDAR1 AB seropositive, but only 1 was CSF positive. Contrariwise, tetanus AB (non-brain-binding) were present in serum and CSF of all subjects, with CSF levels higher upon BBB dysfunction. Translational mouse experiments proved the hypothesis that the brain acts as an 'immunoprecipitator'; simultaneous injection of NMDAR1 AB and the non-brain-binding green fluorescent protein AB resulted in high detectability of the former in brain and the latter in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Castillo-Gomez
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen
| | - Anne Kästner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen
| | - Bilke Hettling
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen
| | - Giulia Poggi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen
| | - Kristin Ostehr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | | | - Abdul R Asif
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen
| | - Mike Matzke
- Department of Neurology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg
| | | | - Viktoria Pfander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen
| | - Christian Hammer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen
| | | | - Lutz Binder
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen
| | - Winfried Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, (affiliated with Euroimmun, Lübeck), Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen
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Castillo-Gomez E, Ehrenreich H. Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Preexisting Serum Autoantibodies Against the NMDAR Subunit NR1 Modulate Evolution of Lesion Size in Acute Ischemic Stroke". Stroke 2015; 46:e178. [PMID: 26022633 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Castillo-Gomez
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, GermanyDFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, GermanyDFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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Varea E, Guirado R, Gilabert-Juan J, Martí U, Castillo-Gomez E, Blasco-Ibáñez JM, Crespo C, Nacher J. Expression of PSA-NCAM and synaptic proteins in the amygdala of psychiatric disorder patients. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:189-97. [PMID: 22099865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging has revealed structural abnormalities in the amygdala of different psychiatric disorders. The polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a molecule related to neuronal structural plasticity, which expression is altered in schizophrenia, major depression and in animal models of these disorders, may participate in these changes. However, PSA-NCAM has not been studied in the human amygdala. To know whether its expression and that of presynaptic markers, was affected in psychiatric disorders, we have analyzed post-mortem sections from the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium, which includes controls, schizophrenia, bipolar and major depression patients. PSA-NCAM was expressed in neuronal somata and neuropil puncta, many of which corresponded to interneurons. Depressed patients showed decreases in PSA-NCAM expression in the basolateral and basomedial amygdala; synaptophysin and GAD67 were also decreased, while VGLUT-1 was increased, in different nuclei. Increases in PSA-NCAM expression were found in the lateral nucleus of bipolar patients; synaptophysin and GAD67 were reduced, and VGLUT-1 increased, in their basolateral and lateral nuclei. The expression of synaptophysin and GAD67 was downregulated in the basolateral nucleus of schizophrenics. These results indicate that inhibitory and excitatory amygdaloid circuits are affected in these disorders and that abnormal PSA-NCAM expression in depressive and bipolar patients may underlie these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Varea
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Dpt., Universitat de València, Spain
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Gilabert-Juan J, Castillo-Gomez E, Pérez-Rando M, Moltó MD, Nacher J. Chronic stress induces changes in the structure of interneurons and in the expression of molecules related to neuronal structural plasticity and inhibitory neurotransmission in the amygdala of adult mice. Exp Neurol 2011; 232:33-40. [PMID: 21819983 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress in experimental animals, one of the most accepted models of chronic anxiety and depression, induces structural remodeling of principal neurons in the amygdala and increases its excitation by reducing inhibitory tone. These changes may be mediated by the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a molecule related to neuronal structural plasticity and expressed by interneurons in the adult CNS, which is downregulated in the amygdala after chronic stress. We have analyzed the amygdala of adult mice after 21 days of restraint stress, studying with qRT-PCR the expression of genes related to general and inhibitory neurotransmission, and of PSA synthesizing enzymes. The expression of GAD67, synaptophysin and PSA-NCAM was also studied in specific amygdaloid nuclei using immunohistochemistry. We also analyzed dendritic arborization and spine density, and cell activity, monitoring c-Fos expression, in amygdaloid interneurons. At the mRNA level, the expression of GAD67 and of St8SiaII was significantly reduced. At the protein level there was an overall reduction in the expression of GAD67, synaptophysin and PSA-NCAM, but significant changes were only detected in specific amygdaloid regions. Chronic stress did not affect dendritic spine density, but reduced dendritic arborization in interneurons of the lateral and basolateral amygdala. These results indicate that chronic stress modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in the amygdala by regulating the expression of molecules involved in this process and by promoting the structural remodeling of interneurons. The addition of PSA to NCAM by St8SiaII may be involved in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gilabert-Juan
- Neurobiology Unit and Program in Basic and Applied Neurosciences, Cell Biology Dpt., Universitat de València, Spain
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Nacher J, Varea E, Blasco-Ibañez JM, Castillo-Gomez E, Crespo C, Martinez-Guijarro FJ, McEwen BS. Expression of the transcription factor Pax 6 in the adult rat dentate gyrus. J Neurosci Res 2005; 81:753-61. [PMID: 16035109 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Pax 6 is expressed in precursor cells during embryonic CNS development, and it plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and neuronal fate determination. Pax 6-expressing cells are also present in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone/rostral migratory stream, regions in which neuronal precursors exist during adult life. In the adult dentate gyrus, precursor cells are located in the innermost portion of the granule cell layer, and Pax 6-expressing nuclei are most abundant in this region. To examine the putative role of Pax 6 in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we have studied the proliferative activity, distribution, and phenotype of Pax 6-expressing cells by using immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that Pax 6 is intensely expressed in proliferating precursors of the adult dentate gyrus. Pax 6 is also expressed in nonproliferating cells, which may correspond to resting progenitor cells and to granule neurons in their very early developmental stages, because this transcription factor is strongly down-regulated during granule neuron differentiation. However, a small subpopulation of hilar mature neurons and certain astrocytes of the adult hippocampus also express Pax 6. Although the precise roles of this transcription factor in the adult brain remain to be determined, our findings support the idea that its function in the control of cell proliferation and neuronal fate determination during embryogenesis is also operative in the adult hippocampus. However, the expression of Pax 6 in astrocytes and certain mature neurons may indicate the existence of other roles for this transcription factor in this telencephalic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology, Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
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