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IL‐17C amplifies epithelial inflammation in human psoriasis and atopic eczema. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:800-809. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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2
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Directed ortho-lithiation of chloroquinolines. Application to synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted quinolines. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570260615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted Benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridines by Combined Metalation-Palladium-Catalysed Cross-Coupling Strategies. Preparation of 8h-Pyrido[4,3,2-mn]acridone as a Model of Cystodytin Alkaloids. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919608003845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Synthesis and structural study of 2,5-dihydropyridines. Competitive metalation of 2-fluoropyridine. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00335a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Regioselective functionalization of pyridinesulfonic acids. Ortho-lithiation of tertiary 2- and 4-pyridinesulfonamides. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00382a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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First metalation of aryl iodides: directed ortho-lithiation of iodopyridines, halogen-dance, and application to synthesis. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00079a031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Combined Metalation-Palladium-Catalyzed Cross Coupling Strategies. A Formal Synthesis of the Marine Alkaloid Amphimedine. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00107a004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Metalation/SRN1 coupling in heterocyclic synthesis. A convenient methodology for ring functionalization. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00247a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and vasopressin in magnocellular neurons of salt-loaded aged rats. Microsc Res Tech 2002; 56:81-91. [PMID: 11810711 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is expressed in catecholaminergic neurons. However, under certain conditions it is also ectopically expressed in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus. To test the hypothesis that this expression of TH is related to the cellular activation of these neurons and/or to the vasopressin (VP) expression, we studied the expression of both TH and VP in control and salt-loaded aged rats. Our results demonstrate that aged rats show a marked TH expression in VP cells which is further increased by osmotic stimulation in the absence of increase in VP synthesis in the supraoptic nucleus. The presence of TH-immunopositive dendritic swellings in the ventral part of this nucleus reveals the high state of plasticity of these neurons. Furthermore, the lack of several actors of catecholamine biosynthesis in these neurons suggests a different role for TH. This study further demonstrates an ectopic expression of TH in hypothalamic neurons of aged rats and a TH expression linked to the activation of VP neurons but unrelated to VP synthesis.
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Ortho-directed metallation of π-deficient heterocycles in connection with palladium-catalyzed biaryl cross-coupling Synthesis of marine alkaloids of the pyridoacridine series. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Connection between ortho-directed metallation of π-deficient heterocycles and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions provides a very efficient and fruitful strategy to polycyclic molecules of biological interest. The methodology is used to synthesize alkaloids or precursors and analogues of natural compounds of the pyrido[2,3,4-k,l]acridine series.Key words: marine alkaloids, pyrido[2,3,4-k,l]acridines, metallation, cross-coupling.
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Abstract
The oxidation of D-(+)-glucose to D-glucaric acid using the TEMPO-like nitroxide oxidation catalyst, 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (4-acetamido-TEMPO) was carried out using several oxidizing agents and co-catalyst. The pH and temperature of the reactions were closely monitored to decrease degradations during the oxidation, and several isolation methods were explored.
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Reactivity of 4-chlorobenzo[c][2,7]naphthyridines towards Pd(0) catalyzed coupling reactions and nucleophilic substitutions. aroylation by nucleophilic substitution with analogues of acyl anions. J Heterocycl Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570380505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The first synthesis of phenylpyridine analogues of rhazinilam and evaluation of these new structures as inhibitors of microtubule disassembly by interaction with tubulin are described. The synthesis is based on such key steps as picolinic metalation, hetero-ring cross-coupling and reduction of an acetyl group to an ethyl group. Elaboration of a quaternary picolinic carbon is one of the challenges of the synthesis. Biological evaluation of compounds bearing a quaternary picolinic carbon showed interactions with tubulin similar to (-)-rhazinilam but at a lower level.
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New synthesis of benzo-delta-carbolines, cryptolepines, and their salts: in vitro cytotoxic, antiplasmodial, and antitrypanosomal activities of delta-carbolines, benzo-delta-carbolines, and cryptolepines. J Med Chem 2001; 44:949-60. [PMID: 11300877 DOI: 10.1021/jm0010419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes, in its first part, a new synthesis of benzo-delta-carbolines, cryptolepines, and their salts. The strategy is based on the association between halogen-dance and hetero-ring cross-coupling. It is fully convergent and regioselective with interesting overall yields from 27% to 70%. A halogen-dance mechanism in quinoline series is also proposed. The formal synthesis of potential antimalarial compounds and the first total synthesis of 11-isopropylcryptolepine are also described. In the second part, cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells and activities against Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma cruzi of benzo-delta-carbolines and delta-carbolines were evaluated in vitro to study the structure-activity relationships. For benzo-delta-carbolines, methylation at N-5 increases the cytotoxic and antiparasitic activities. A further alkylation on C-11 generally increases the cytotoxic activity but not the antiparasitic activity, cryptolepine and 11-methylcryptolepine being the most active on both parasites. Taking advantage of the fluorescence of the indoloquinoline chromophore, cryptolepine was localized by fluorescence microscopy in parasite DNA-containing structures suggesting that these compounds act through interaction with parasite DNA as proposed for cryptolepine on melanoma cells. For delta-carbolines, methylation at N-1 is essential for the antimalarial activity. 1-Methyl-delta-carboline specifically accumulates in the intracellular parasite. It has weak cytotoxic activity and can be considered as a potential antimalarial compound.
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TEMPO-mediated oxidation of maltodextrins and D-glucose: effect of pH on the selectivity and sequestering ability of the resulting polycarboxylates. Carbohydr Res 2001; 330:21-9. [PMID: 11217959 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Maltodextrins were oxidized to polyglucuronic acids with the ternary oxidation system: NaOCl-NaBr-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-l-oxyl (TEMPO). The chemoselective oxidation at the primary alcohol groups was shown to be strongly pH dependent. Oxidation of polysaccharides was best achieved at pH 9.5 in order to minimize depolymerization, whereas oxidation of oligosaccharides required stronger alkaline conditions (pH 11-11.5). The resulting sodium polyglucuronates present interesting sequestering properties, the best of which being obtained from maltodextrins with the highest degrees of polymerization. The same oxidation process allowed the convenient conversion of D-glucose to D-glucaric acid in high yield (> 90%), under strongly basic conditions (pH > 11.5).
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Ortho-directed metallation of π-deficient heterocycles in connection with palladium-catalyzed biaryl cross-coupling Synthesis of marine alkaloids of the pyridoacridine series. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-79-11-1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Ectopic expression of non-catecholaminergic tyrosine hydroxylase in rat hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. Neuroscience 1999; 94:151-61. [PMID: 10613505 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic magnocellular neurons constitute a good model of neurochemical plasticity, because a single neuron can express various combinations of neuropeptides and enzymes under different physiological conditions. Tyrosine hydroxylase has been shown to occur ectopically in various non-catecholaminergic neurons. We investigated the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and its possible role in the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in salt-loaded and lactating rats, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, alone or combined, in light and electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated that almost 25% of the magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic nucleus and 15% in the paraventricular nucleus expressed tyrosine hydroxylase in salt-loaded rats, and 10% in the supraoptic nucleus of two-day lactating rats. Double labelling showed that this tyrosine hydroxylase was essentially synthesized in magnocellular neurons expressing vasopressin. The ultrastructural localization of tyrosine hydroxylase was less homogeneous in the cytoplasm of magnocellular neurons than in periventricular neurons. In lactating and salt-loaded rats, magnocellular neurons were devoid of the catecholamine biosynthesis markers aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine, dopamine and GTP-cyclohydrolase I. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression did not increase after rats were injected with reserpine. Our results indicate that the phenotype of the magnocellular neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase in lactating and salt-loaded rats is non-catecholaminergic, and suggest that this tyrosine hydroxylase might be involved in osmoregulation.
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Synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridines as precursors of pyrido[2,3,4-kl]acridones and related natural products. J Heterocycl Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570360508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Combination of immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization methods to reveal tyrosine hydroxylase and oxytocin and vasopressin mRNAs in magnocellular neurons of obese Zucker rats. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS 1999; 4:36-43. [PMID: 10234451 DOI: 10.1016/s1385-299x(98)00059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Co-localization of chemical messengers in the same neuron is linked to neurochemical plasticity and has been studied extensively [B. Meister, M.J. Villar, S. Ceccatelli, T. Hökfelt, Localization of chemical messengers in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei: an immunohistochemical study using experimental manipulation, Neuroscience 37 (1990) 603-633; B. Meister, R. Cortés, M.J. Villar, M. Schalling, T. Hökfelt, Peptides and transmitter enzymes in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons after administration of hyperosmotic stimuli: comparison between messenger RNA and peptide/protein levels, Cell Tissue Res. 260 (1990) 279-297]. Obese Zucker rats display an example of such a phenomenon expressing an enzyme of catecholamine synthesis-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-in magnocellular neurons (MCN) of supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus [S. Fetissov, F. Marsais, S. Nicolaïdis, A. Calas, Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in magnocellular hypothalamic neurons of obese (fa/fa) and lean heterozygous (Fa/fa) Zucker rats, Mol. Brain Res. 50 (1997) 314-318]. To understand the biological role of TH in MCN of obese Zucker rat, we studied TH expression in relation to the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons. We present a protocol of double labelling including immunohistochemical for TH and in situ hybridization for OT and VP mRNA. The described protocol can be applied for detection of co-localized expressions of a broad range of chemical brain messengers and proteins.
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Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in magnocellular hypothalamic neurons of obese (fa / fa) and lean heterozygous (Fa / fa) Zucker rats. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1997; 50:314-8. [PMID: 9406948 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(97)00240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the magnocellular hypothalamic neurons (MCN) of normal rats, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is expressed in response to hyperosmotic stimulation and co-exists with vasopressin. The present study shows that both Zucker obese (fa / fa) and heterozygous lean (Fa / fa) rats express TH in MCN independently of an osmotic challenge. The lack of L-DOPA and aromatic-L-aminoacid decarboxylase in the MCN showed the absence of mechanisms necessary for catecholamine synthesis in these cells. Therefore, TH in MCN seems to be functionally inactive and is not involved in catecholamine abnormalities observed in these rats. All TH-immunoreactive MCN co-expressed vasopressin mRNA while a part of them co-expressed oxytocin mRNA. This suggests a mechanism of regulation of TH expression in MCN which is different in Zucker rats and in dehydrated normal rats.
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Synthesis of new pyridine intermediates as precursors for the elaboration of streptonigrin analogues by the metalation-cross-coupling strategy. J Heterocycl Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570330670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Metallation in connection with cross-coupling reactions. Coupling of hindered aryls for the synthesis of 4-phenylpyridines as part of Streptonigrin and Lavendamycin analogues. J Organomet Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(95)05979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Regioselectivity of the metalation of polymethoxylated pivaloyl-aminobenzenes. Synthesis of methoxy-2(1H)-quinolones precursors of 2-substituted-5,8-quinolinediones. J Heterocycl Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570320411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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27
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New Synthesis of the Streptonigrin Quinoline-5,8-quinone Moiety and Aromatic Cross-Coupling. Synlett 1994. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1994-22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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29
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30
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Synthesis ofortho-substituted aminopyridines. Metalation of pivaloylamino derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570260119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Directed lithiation of 4-halopyridines: Chemoselectivity, regioselectivity and application to synthesis. J Heterocycl Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570250112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Lithiation of 2-Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Functionalization at the 3-Position. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1986. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1986-31744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Regioselective Lithiation of 3-Pyridylsulfonic Acid Derivatives: A Convenient Route to Various New 4-Substituted 3-Pyridylsulfonamides. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1983. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1983-30528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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ortho-Functionalization of Aminopyridines; Regioselective Lithiation of 3-Pivaloylaminopyridines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1982. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1982-29855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Regioselectiveo-Lithiation of 3-Alkoxypyridines; A Convenient Route to Newo-Disubstituted Pyridines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 1982. [DOI: 10.1055/s-1982-29762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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