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Sala S, Daurer BJ, Hantke MF, Ekeberg T, Loh ND, Maia FRNC, Thibault P. Ptychographic imaging for the characterization of X-ray free-electron laser beams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/849/1/012032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Aquila A, Barty A, Bostedt C, Boutet S, Carini G, dePonte D, Drell P, Doniach S, Downing KH, Earnest T, Elmlund H, Elser V, Gühr M, Hajdu J, Hastings J, Hau-Riege SP, Huang Z, Lattman EE, Maia FRNC, Marchesini S, Ourmazd A, Pellegrini C, Santra R, Schlichting I, Schroer C, Spence JCH, Vartanyants IA, Wakatsuki S, Weis WI, Williams GJ. The linac coherent light source single particle imaging road map. Struct Dyn 2015; 2:041701. [PMID: 26798801 PMCID: PMC4711616 DOI: 10.1063/1.4918726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Intense femtosecond x-ray pulses from free-electron laser sources allow the imaging of individual particles in a single shot. Early experiments at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) have led to rapid progress in the field and, so far, coherent diffractive images have been recorded from biological specimens, aerosols, and quantum systems with a few-tens-of-nanometers resolution. In March 2014, LCLS held a workshop to discuss the scientific and technical challenges for reaching the ultimate goal of atomic resolution with single-shot coherent diffractive imaging. This paper summarizes the workshop findings and presents the roadmap toward reaching atomic resolution, 3D imaging at free-electron laser sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY , Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Bostedt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Boutet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Carini
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D dePonte
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | | - K H Downing
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | - M Gühr
- PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - J Hastings
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S P Hau-Riege
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Z Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | | - S Marchesini
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Ourmazd
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee , 1900 E. Kenwood Blvd, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | | | | | - I Schlichting
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY , Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J C H Spence
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University , Rural Rd, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | | | | | - W I Weis
- School of Medicine, Stanford University , 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Martin AV, Morgan AJ, Ekeberg T, Loh ND, Maia FRNC, Wang F, Spence JCH, Chapman HN. The extraction of single-particle diffraction patterns from a multiple-particle diffraction pattern. Opt Express 2013; 21:15102-15112. [PMID: 23842297 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.015102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The structures of biological molecules may soon be determined with X-ray free-electron lasers without crystallization by recording the coherent diffraction patterns of many identical copies of a molecule. Most analysis methods require a measurement of each molecule individually. However, current injection methods deliver particles to the X-ray beam stochastically and the maximum yield of single particle measurements is 37% at optimal concentration. The remaining 63% of pulses intercept no particles or multiple particles. We demonstrate that in the latter case single particle diffraction patterns can be extracted provided the particles are sufficiently separated. The technique has the potential to greatly increase the amount of data available for three-dimensional imaging of identical particles with X-ray lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Martin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Ge X, Boutu W, Gauthier D, Wang F, Borta A, Barbrel B, Ducousso M, Gonzalez AI, Carré B, Guillaumet D, Perdrix M, Gobert O, Gautier J, Lambert G, Maia FRNC, Hajdu J, Zeitoun P, Merdji H. Impact of wave front and coherence optimization in coherent diffractive imaging. Opt Express 2013; 21:11441-11447. [PMID: 23670000 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.011441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present single shot nanoscale imaging using a table-top femtosecond soft X-ray laser harmonic source at a wavelength of 32 nm. We show that the phase retrieval process in coherent diffractive imaging critically depends on beam quality. Coherence and image fidelity are measured from single-shot coherent diffraction patterns of isolated nano-patterned slits. Impact of flux, wave front and coherence of the soft X-ray beam on the phase retrieval process and the image quality are discussed. After beam improvements, a final image reconstruction is presented with a spatial resolution of 78 nm (half period) in a single 20 fs laser harmonic shot.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ge
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Bâtiment 522, Centre d’Etude de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Loh ND, Hampton CY, Martin AV, Starodub D, Sierra RG, Barty A, Aquila A, Schulz J, Lomb L, Steinbrener J, Shoeman RL, Kassemeyer S, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Epp SW, Erk B, Hartmann R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Rudek B, Foucar L, Kimmel N, Weidenspointner G, Hauser G, Holl P, Pedersoli E, Liang M, Hunter MS, Gumprecht L, Coppola N, Wunderer C, Graafsma H, Maia FRNC, Ekeberg T, Hantke M, Fleckenstein H, Hirsemann H, Nass K, White TA, Tobias HJ, Farquar GR, Benner WH, Hau-Riege SP, Reich C, Hartmann A, Soltau H, Marchesini S, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Bucksbaum P, Hodgson KO, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Frank M, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Bogan MJ. Erratum: Fractal morphology, imaging and mass spectrometry of single aerosol particles in flight. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Loh ND, Hampton CY, Martin AV, Starodub D, Sierra RG, Barty A, Aquila A, Schulz J, Lomb L, Steinbrener J, Shoeman RL, Kassemeyer S, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Epp SW, Erk B, Hartmann R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Rudek B, Foucar L, Kimmel N, Weidenspointner G, Hauser G, Holl P, Pedersoli E, Liang M, Hunter MS, Hunter MM, Gumprecht L, Coppola N, Wunderer C, Graafsma H, Maia FRNC, Ekeberg T, Hantke M, Fleckenstein H, Hirsemann H, Nass K, White TA, Tobias HJ, Farquar GR, Benner WH, Hau-Riege SP, Reich C, Hartmann A, Soltau H, Marchesini S, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Bucksbaum P, Hodgson KO, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Frank M, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Bogan MJ. Fractal morphology, imaging and mass spectrometry of single aerosol particles in flight. Nature 2012; 486:513-7. [PMID: 22739316 DOI: 10.1038/nature11222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of micrometre-size particulate matter is of critical importance in fields ranging from toxicology to climate science, yet these properties are surprisingly difficult to measure in the particles' native environment. Electron microscopy requires collection of particles on a substrate; visible light scattering provides insufficient resolution; and X-ray synchrotron studies have been limited to ensembles of particles. Here we demonstrate an in situ method for imaging individual sub-micrometre particles to nanometre resolution in their native environment, using intense, coherent X-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser. We introduced individual aerosol particles into the pulsed X-ray beam, which is sufficiently intense that diffraction from individual particles can be measured for morphological analysis. At the same time, ion fragments ejected from the beam were analysed using mass spectrometry, to determine the composition of single aerosol particles. Our results show the extent of internal dilation symmetry of individual soot particles subject to non-equilibrium aggregation, and the surprisingly large variability in their fractal dimensions. More broadly, our methods can be extended to resolve both static and dynamic morphology of general ensembles of disordered particles. Such general morphology has implications in topics such as solvent accessibilities in proteins, vibrational energy transfer by the hydrodynamic interaction of amino acids, and large-scale production of nanoscale structures by flame synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Loh
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Martin AV, Loh ND, Hampton CY, Sierra RG, Wang F, Aquila A, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Coppola N, Epp SW, Erk B, Fleckenstein H, Foucar L, Frank M, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hartmann A, Hartmann R, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Holl P, Kassemeyer S, Kimmel N, Liang M, Lomb L, Maia FRNC, Marchesini S, Nass K, Pedersoli E, Reich C, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Schulz J, Shoeman RL, Soltau H, Starodub D, Steinbrener J, Stellato F, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Weidenspointner G, White TA, Wunderer CB, Barty A, Schlichting I, Bogan MJ, Chapman HN. Femtosecond dark-field imaging with an X-ray free electron laser. Opt Express 2012; 20:13501-12. [PMID: 22714377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.013501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of femtosecond diffractive imaging with X-ray lasers has enabled pioneering structural studies of isolated particles, such as viruses, at nanometer length scales. However, the issue of missing low frequency data significantly limits the potential of X-ray lasers to reveal sub-nanometer details of micrometer-sized samples. We have developed a new technique of dark-field coherent diffractive imaging to simultaneously overcome the missing data issue and enable us to harness the unique contrast mechanisms available in dark-field microscopy. Images of airborne particulate matter (soot) up to two microns in length were obtained using single-shot diffraction patterns obtained at the Linac Coherent Light Source, four times the size of objects previously imaged in similar experiments. This technique opens the door to femtosecond diffractive imaging of a wide range of micrometer-sized materials that exhibit irreproducible complexity down to the nanoscale, including airborne particulate matter, small cells, bacteria and gold-labeled biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Martin
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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Loh ND, Bogan MJ, Elser V, Barty A, Boutet S, Bajt S, Hajdu J, Ekeberg T, Maia FRNC, Schulz J, Seibert MM, Iwan B, Timneanu N, Marchesini S, Schlichting I, Shoeman RL, Lomb L, Frank M, Liang M, Chapman HN. Cryptotomography: reconstructing 3D Fourier intensities from randomly oriented single-shot diffraction patterns. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:225501. [PMID: 20867179 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.225501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We reconstructed the 3D Fourier intensity distribution of monodisperse prolate nanoparticles using single-shot 2D coherent diffraction patterns collected at DESY's FLASH facility when a bright, coherent, ultrafast x-ray pulse intercepted individual particles of random, unmeasured orientations. This first experimental demonstration of cryptotomography extended the expansion-maximization-compression framework to accommodate unmeasured fluctuations in photon fluence and loss of data due to saturation or background scatter. This work is an important step towards realizing single-shot diffraction imaging of single biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Loh
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS), Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-2501, USA
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Ravasio A, Gauthier D, Maia FRNC, Billon M, Caumes JP, Garzella D, Géléoc M, Gobert O, Hergott JF, Pena AM, Perez H, Carré B, Bourhis E, Gierak J, Madouri A, Mailly D, Schiedt B, Fajardo M, Gautier J, Zeitoun P, Bucksbaum PH, Hajdu J, Merdji H. Single-shot diffractive imaging with a table-top femtosecond soft x-ray laser-harmonics source. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:028104. [PMID: 19659250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.028104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coherent x-ray diffractive imaging is a powerful method for studies on nonperiodic structures on the nanoscale. Access to femtosecond dynamics in major physical, chemical, and biological processes requires single-shot diffraction data. Up to now, this has been limited to intense coherent pulses from a free electron laser. Here we show that laser-driven ultrashort x-ray sources offer a comparatively inexpensive alternative. We present measurements of single-shot diffraction patterns from isolated nano-objects with a single 20 fs pulse from a table-top high-harmonic x-ray laser. Images were reconstructed with a resolution of 119 nm from the single shot and 62 nm from multiple shots.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravasio
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Bâtiment 522, Centre d'Etude de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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