1
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Ngai A, Dulitz K, Hartweg S, Franz JC, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F. Method of kinetic energy reconstruction from time-of-flight mass spectra. Rev Sci Instrum 2024; 95:033305. [PMID: 38517257 DOI: 10.1063/5.0201425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a method for the reconstruction of ion kinetic energy distributions from ion time-of-flight mass spectra through ion trajectory simulations. In particular, this method is applicable to complicated spectrometer geometries with largely anisotropic ion collection efficiencies. A calibration procedure using a single ion mass peak allows the accurate determination of parameters related to the spectrometer calibration, experimental alignment, and instrument response function, which improves the agreement between simulations and experiment. The calibrated simulation is used to generate a set of basis functions for the time-of-flight spectra, which are then used to transform from time-of-flight to kinetic-energy spectra. We demonstrate this reconstruction method on a recent pump-probe experiment by Asmussen et al. [Asmussen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23, 15138, (2021)] on helium nanodroplets and retrieve time-resolved kinetic-energy-release spectra for the ions from ion time-of-flight spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ngai
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - K Dulitz
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Hartweg
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J C Franz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Fiedler J, Berland K, Borchert JW, Corkery RW, Eisfeld A, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Greve MM, Holst B, Jacobs K, Krüger M, Parsons DF, Persson C, Presselt M, Reisinger T, Scheel S, Stienkemeier F, Tømterud M, Walter M, Weitz RT, Zalieckas J. Perspectives on weak interactions in complex materials at different length scales. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2671-2705. [PMID: 36637007 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials consist of nanometer-sized quantum objects such as atoms, molecules, voids or nanoparticles embedded in a host material. These quantum objects can be exploited as a super-structure, which can be designed to create material properties targeted for specific applications. For electromagnetism, such targeted properties include field enhancements around the bandgap of a semiconductor used for solar cells, directional decay in topological insulators, high kinetic inductance in superconducting circuits, and many more. Despite very different application areas, all of these properties are united by the common aim of exploiting collective interaction effects between quantum objects. The literature on the topic spreads over very many different disciplines and scientific communities. In this review, we present a cross-disciplinary overview of different approaches for the creation, analysis and theoretical description of nanocomposites with applications related to electromagnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fiedler
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Berland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - J W Borchert
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R W Corkery
- Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Eisfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - M M Greve
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - B Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D F Parsons
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - C Persson
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - T Reisinger
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S Scheel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Tømterud
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - M Walter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R T Weitz
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Zalieckas
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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3
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Michiels R, Abu-Samha M, Madsen LB, Binz M, Bangert U, Bruder L, Duim R, Wituschek A, LaForge AC, Squibb RJ, Feifel R, Callegari C, Di Fraia M, Danailov M, Manfredda M, Plekan O, Prince KC, Rebernik P, Zangrando M, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Enhancement of Above Threshold Ionization in Resonantly Excited Helium Nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:093201. [PMID: 34506185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clusters and nanodroplets hold the promise of enhancing high-order nonlinear optical effects due to their high local density. However, only moderate enhancement has been demonstrated to date. Here, we report the observation of energetic electrons generated by above-threshold ionization (ATI) of helium (He) nanodroplets which are resonantly excited by ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser pulses and subsequently ionized by near-infrared (NIR) or near-ultraviolet (UV) pulses. The electron emission due to high-order ATI is enhanced by several orders of magnitude compared with He atoms. The crucial dependence of the ATI intensities with the number of excitations in the droplets suggests a local collective enhancement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Michiels
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Abu-Samha
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Binz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Bangert
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Duim
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Wituschek
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A C LaForge
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Rebernik
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Uhl D, Bruder L, Stienkemeier F. A flexible and scalable, fully software-based lock-in amplifier for nonlinear spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:083101. [PMID: 34470399 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a cost-effective, fully software-based lock-in amplifier (LIA) implemented on a commercial computer. The device is designed for application in nonlinear spectroscopy, such as transient absorption and coherent multidimensional spectroscopy, but may also be used in any other application. The performance of our device is compared to a state-of-the-art commercial LIA with nearly identical results for both devices. Advantages of our device over commercial hardwired electronic LIAs are the improved flexibility in the data analysis and the possibility of arbitrary up-scaling of the number of LIA channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Uhl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Izadnia S, LaForge AC, Stienkemeier F, Cheeseman JR, Bloino J, Cheramy J, Jäger W, Xu Y. Unusual binary aggregates of perylene bisimide revealed by their electronic transitions in helium nanodroplets and DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13862-13872. [PMID: 34159991 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01923f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The S1 ← S0 electronic transition of perylene bisimide (PBI) and its binary aggregates were investigated using a combination of helium nanodroplet isolation spectroscopy and computational methods. First, well-resolved vibronic bands of the PBI monomer obtained under the superfluid helium nanodroplet environment were compared to simulated vibronic spectra with anharmonic corrections of the band positions. Second, about ten sets of weaker vibronic bands were observed, which show similar vibronic patterns as that of the PBI monomer and have their band origins red-shifted by about 8 to 218 cm-1. Experimental Poisson curve analyses, performed at the origins of these new sets of bands and the PBI monomer, indicate that the carriers of these weaker red-shifted vibronic bands are binary adducts of PBI. Three types of PBI dimer structures where the electronic transition dipole moments of the two subunits are perpendicular to each other were proposed as possible carriers of these red-shifted vibronic patterns. Extensive vibronic simulations were carried out in a multi-step procedure with TD-DFT, vertical Hessian, and finally adiabatic Hessian approaches. Small red-shifted band origins and very similar vibronic patterns to that of the monomer were predicted for unusual, T-shaped, type I dimer structures and are in close agreement with the experimental data. The combined experimental and theoretical results indicate that the helium nanodroplet environment enables the formation of these unusual T-shaped dimers and stabilizes them.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Izadnia
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - A C LaForge
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - James R Cheeseman
- Gaussian Inc., 340 Quinnipiac St., Bldg. 40, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492-4050, USA
| | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Cheramy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Yunjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.
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6
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Mudrich M, LaForge AC, Ciavardini A, O'Keeffe P, Callegari C, Coreno M, Demidovich A, Devetta M, Fraia MD, Drabbels M, Finetti P, Gessner O, Grazioli C, Hernando A, Neumark DM, Ovcharenko Y, Piseri P, Plekan O, Prince KC, Richter R, Ziemkiewicz MP, Möller T, Eloranta J, Pi M, Barranco M, Stienkemeier F. Ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited superfluid He nanodroplets. Nat Commun 2020; 11:112. [PMID: 31913265 PMCID: PMC6949273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation of photoexcited nanosystems is a fundamental process of light–matter interaction. Depending on the couplings of the internal degrees of freedom, relaxation can be ultrafast, converting electronic energy in a few fs, or slow, if the energy is trapped in a metastable state that decouples from its environment. Here, we study helium nanodroplets excited resonantly by femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a seeded free-electron laser. Despite their superfluid nature, we find that helium nanodroplets in the lowest electronically excited states undergo ultrafast relaxation. By comparing experimental photoelectron spectra with time-dependent density functional theory simulations, we unravel the full relaxation pathway: Following an ultrafast interband transition, a void nanometer-sized bubble forms around the localized excitation (He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}*) within 1 ps. Subsequently, the bubble collapses and releases metastable He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}* at the droplet surface. This study highlights the high level of detail achievable in probing the photodynamics of nanosystems using tunable XUV pulses. There is interest in understanding the relaxation mechanisms of photoexcitation in atoms, molecules and other complex systems. Here the authors unravel the photoexcitation and ultrafast relaxation of superfluid helium nanodroplets using a pump-probe experiment with FEL pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - A C LaForge
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - A Ciavardini
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy.,CERIC-ERIC Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - A Demidovich
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.,CNR-IFN, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - O Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Grazioli
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park - Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - A Hernando
- Kido Dynamics, EPFL Innovation Park Bat. C, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany.,European XFEL, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - P Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M P Ziemkiewicz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - J Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - M Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - M Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, UMR 5589, CNRS et Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, Cedex 09, 31062, France
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
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7
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LaForge AC, Michiels R, Bohlen M, Callegari C, Clark A, von Conta A, Coreno M, Di Fraia M, Drabbels M, Huppert M, Finetti P, Ma J, Mudrich M, Oliver V, Plekan O, Prince KC, Shcherbinin M, Stranges S, Svoboda V, Wörner HJ, Stienkemeier F. Real-Time Dynamics of the Formation of Hydrated Electrons upon Irradiation of Water Clusters with Extreme Ultraviolet Light. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:133001. [PMID: 31012607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Free electrons in a polar liquid can form a bound state via interaction with the molecular environment. This so-called hydrated electron state in water is of fundamental importance, e.g., in cellular biology or radiation chemistry. Hydrated electrons are highly reactive radicals that can either directly interact with DNA or enzymes, or form highly excited hydrogen (H^{*}) after being captured by protons. Here, we investigate the formation of the hydrated electron in real-time employing extreme ultraviolet femtosecond pulses from a free electron laser, in this way observing the initial steps of the hydration process. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy we find formation timescales in the low picosecond range and resolve the prominent dynamics of forming excited hydrogen states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C LaForge
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R Michiels
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Bohlen
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Clark
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A von Conta
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Huppert
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Ma
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - V Oliver
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Shcherbinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S Stranges
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, University Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy, and Tasc IOM-CNR, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - V Svoboda
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - H J Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Takanashi T, Golubev NV, Callegari C, Fukuzawa H, Motomura K, Iablonskyi D, Kumagai Y, Mondal S, Tachibana T, Nagaya K, Nishiyama T, Matsunami K, Johnsson P, Piseri P, Sansone G, Dubrouil A, Reduzzi M, Carpeggiani P, Vozzi C, Devetta M, Negro M, Faccialà D, Calegari F, Trabattoni A, Castrovilli MC, Ovcharenko Y, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F, Coreno M, Alagia M, Schütte B, Berrah N, Plekan O, Finetti P, Spezzani C, Ferrari E, Allaria E, Penco G, Serpico C, De Ninno G, Diviacco B, Di Mitri S, Giannessi L, Jabbari G, Prince KC, Cederbaum LS, Demekhin PV, Kuleff AI, Ueda K. Time-Resolved Measurement of Interatomic Coulombic Decay Induced by Two-Photon Double Excitation of Ne_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:033202. [PMID: 28157370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.033202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The hitherto unexplored two-photon doubly excited states [Ne^{*}(2p^{-1}3s)]_{2} were experimentally identified using the seeded, fully coherent, intense extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser FERMI. These states undergo ultrafast interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD), which predominantly produces singly ionized dimers. In order to obtain the rate of ICD, the resulting yield of Ne_{2}^{+} ions was recorded as a function of delay between the extreme ultraviolet pump and UV probe laser pulses. The extracted lifetimes of the long-lived doubly excited states, 390(-130/+450) fs, and of the short-lived ones, less than 150 fs, are in good agreement with ab initio quantum mechanical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - N V Golubev
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - H Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - D Iablonskyi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - S Mondal
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Tachibana
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Matsunami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - P Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Piseri
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Sansone
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Physikalisches Institut Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Dubrouil
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Reduzzi
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - P Carpeggiani
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Vozzi
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Negro
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Faccialà
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Calegari
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Trabattoni
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Alagia
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Schütte
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2 A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Serpico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Jabbari
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ph V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - A I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
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9
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Iablonskyi D, Nagaya K, Fukuzawa H, Motomura K, Kumagai Y, Mondal S, Tachibana T, Takanashi T, Nishiyama T, Matsunami K, Johnsson P, Piseri P, Sansone G, Dubrouil A, Reduzzi M, Carpeggiani P, Vozzi C, Devetta M, Negro M, Calegari F, Trabattoni A, Castrovilli MC, Faccialà D, Ovcharenko Y, Möller T, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F, Coreno M, Alagia M, Schütte B, Berrah N, Kuleff AI, Jabbari G, Callegari C, Plekan O, Finetti P, Spezzani C, Ferrari E, Allaria E, Penco G, Serpico C, De Ninno G, Nikolov I, Diviacco B, Di Mitri S, Giannessi L, Prince KC, Ueda K. Slow Interatomic Coulombic Decay of Multiply Excited Neon Clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:276806. [PMID: 28084773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.276806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ne clusters (∼5000 atoms) were resonantly excited (2p→3s) by intense free electron laser (FEL) radiation at FERMI. Such multiply excited clusters can decay nonradiatively via energy exchange between at least two neighboring excited atoms. Benefiting from the precise tunability and narrow bandwidth of seeded FEL radiation, specific sites of the Ne clusters were probed. We found that the relaxation of cluster surface atoms proceeds via a sequence of interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) processes while ICD of bulk atoms is additionally affected by the surrounding excited medium via inelastic electron scattering. For both cases, cluster excitations relax to atomic states prior to ICD, showing that this kind of ICD is rather slow (picosecond range). Controlling the average number of excitations per cluster via the FEL intensity allows a coarse tuning of the ICD rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iablonskyi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - S Mondal
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Tachibana
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Matsunami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - P Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Sansone
- CNR-IFN, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F Calegari
- CNR-IFN, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Trabattoni
- CNR-IFN, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - D Faccialà
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Alagia
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - B Schütte
- Max-Born-Institut, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Jabbari
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Serpico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - I Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
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10
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Sieg A, von Vangerow J, Stienkemeier F, Dulieu O, Mudrich M. Desorption Dynamics of Rb 2 Molecules Off the Surface of Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7641-7649. [PMID: 27606714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The desorption dynamics of rubidium dimers (Rb2) off the surface of helium nanodroplets induced by laser excitation is studied by employing both nanosecond and femtosecond ion imaging spectroscopy. Similarly to alkali metal atoms, we find that the Rb2 desorption process resembles the dissociation of a diatomic molecule. However, both angular and energy distributions of detected Rb2+ ions appear to be most crucially determined by the Rb2 intramolecular degrees of freedom rather than by those of the Rb2HeN complex. The pump-probe dynamics of Rb2+ is found to be slower than that of Rb+, pointing at a weaker effective guest-host repulsion for excited molecules than for single atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sieg
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J von Vangerow
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - O Dulieu
- Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Cachan, Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Wituschek A, von Vangerow J, Grzesiak J, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. A simple photoionization scheme for characterizing electron and ion spectrometers. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:083105. [PMID: 27587098 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple diode laser-based photoionization scheme for generating electrons and ions with well-defined spatial and energetic (≲2 eV) structures. This scheme can easily be implemented in ion or electron imaging spectrometers for the purpose of off-line characterization and calibration. The low laser power ∼1 mW needed from a passively stabilized diode laser and the low flux of potassium atoms in an effusive beam make our scheme a versatile source of ions and electrons for applications in research and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wituschek
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J von Vangerow
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Grzesiak
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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von Vangerow J, Bogomolov AS, Dozmorov NV, Schomas D, Stienkemeier F, Baklanov AV, Mudrich M. Role of ion-pair states in the predissociation dynamics of Rydberg states of molecular iodine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18896-904. [PMID: 27353150 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02160c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using femtosecond pump-probe ion imaging spectroscopy, we establish the key role of I(+) + I(-) ion-pair (IP) states in the predissociation dynamics of molecular iodine I2 excited to Rydberg states. Two-photon excitation of Rydberg states lying above the lowest IP state dissociation threshold (1st tier) is found to be followed by direct parallel transitions into IP states of the 1st tier asymptotically correlating to a pair of I ions in their lowest states I(+)((3)P2) + I(-)((1)S0), of the 2nd tier correlating to I(+)((3)P0) + I(-)((1)S0), and of the 3rd tier correlating to I(+)((1)D2) + I(-)((1)S0). Predissociation via the 1st tier proceeds presumably with a delay of 1.6-1.7 ps which is close to the vibrational period in the 3rd tier state (3rd tier-mediated process). The 2nd tier IP state is concluded to be the main precursor for predissociation via lower lying Rydberg states proceeding with a characteristic time of 7-8 ps and giving rise to Rydberg atoms I(5s(2)5p(4)6s(1)). The channel generating I((2)P3/2) + I((2)P1/2) atoms with total kinetic energy corresponding to one-photon excitation is found to proceed via a pump - dump mechanism with dramatic change of angular anisotropy of this channel as compared with earlier nanosecond experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J von Vangerow
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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LaForge AC, Stumpf V, Gokhberg K, von Vangerow J, Stienkemeier F, Kryzhevoi NV, O'Keeffe P, Ciavardini A, Krishnan SR, Coreno M, Prince KC, Richter R, Moshammer R, Pfeifer T, Cederbaum LS, Mudrich M. Enhanced Ionization of Embedded Clusters by Electron-Transfer-Mediated Decay in Helium Nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:203001. [PMID: 27258866 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of electron-transfer-mediated decay (ETMD) involving magnesium (Mg) clusters embedded in helium (He) nanodroplets. ETMD is initiated by the ionization of He followed by removal of two electrons from the Mg clusters of which one is transferred to the He ion while the other electron is emitted into the continuum. The process is shown to be the dominant ionization mechanism for embedded clusters for photon energies above the ionization potential of He. For Mg clusters larger than five atoms we observe stable doubly ionized clusters. Thus, ETMD provides an efficient pathway to the formation of doubly ionized cold species in doped nanodroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C LaForge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Stumpf
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Gokhberg
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J von Vangerow
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - N V Kryzhevoi
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - A Ciavardini
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - S R Krishnan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CP10, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L S Cederbaum
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Katzy R, Singer M, Izadnia S, LaForge AC, Stienkemeier F. Doping He droplets by laser ablation with a pulsed supersonic jet source. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:013105. [PMID: 26827307 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation offers the possibility to study a rich number of atoms, molecules, and clusters in the gas phase. By attaching laser ablated materials to helium nanodroplets, one can gain highly resolved spectra of isolated species in a cold, weakly perturbed system. Here, we present a new setup for doping pulsed helium nanodroplet beams by means of laser ablation. In comparison to more well-established techniques using a continuous nozzle, pulsed nozzles show significant differences in the doping efficiency depending on certain experimental parameters (e.g., position of the ablation plume with respect to the droplet formation, nozzle design, and expansion conditions). In particular, we demonstrate that when the ablation region overlaps with the droplet formation region, one also creates a supersonic beam of helium atoms seeded with the sample material. The processes are characterized using a surface ionization detector. The overall doping signal is compared to that of conventional oven cell doping showing very similar dependence on helium stagnation conditions, indicating a comparable doping process. Finally, the ablated material was spectroscopically studied via laser induced fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Katzy
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Singer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Izadnia
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A C LaForge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- J. von Vangerow
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - O. John
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F. Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Schmidt H, von Vangerow J, Stienkemeier F, Bogomolov AS, Baklanov AV, Reich DM, Skomorowski W, Koch CP, Mudrich M. Predissociation dynamics of lithium iodide. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:044303. [PMID: 25637983 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The predissociation dynamics of lithium iodide (LiI) in the first excited A-state is investigated for molecules in the gas phase and embedded in helium nanodroplets, using femtosecond pump-probe photoionization spectroscopy. In the gas phase, the transient Li(+) and LiI(+) ion signals feature damped oscillations due to the excitation and decay of a vibrational wave packet. Based on high-level ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of LiI and simulations of the wave packet dynamics, the exponential signal decay is found to result from predissociation predominantly at the lowest avoided X-A potential curve crossing, for which we infer a coupling constant VXA = 650(20) cm(-1). The lack of a pump-probe delay dependence for the case of LiI embedded in helium nanodroplets indicates fast droplet-induced relaxation of the vibrational excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J von Vangerow
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A S Bogomolov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A V Baklanov
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - D M Reich
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - W Skomorowski
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - C P Koch
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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17
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18
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von Vangerow J, Sieg A, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M, Leal A, Mateo D, Hernando A, Barranco M, Pi M. Desorption Dynamics of Heavy Alkali Metal Atoms (Rb, Cs) Off the Surface of Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:6604-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503308w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. von Vangerow
- Physikalisches
Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Sieg
- Physikalisches
Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F. Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches
Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Mudrich
- Physikalisches
Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Leal
- Departament
ECM, Facultat de Física and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D. Mateo
- Departament
ECM, Facultat de Física and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, United States
| | - A. Hernando
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Barranco
- Departament
ECM, Facultat de Física and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Pi
- Departament
ECM, Facultat de Física and IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Mazza T, Ilchen M, Rafipoor AJ, Callegari C, Finetti P, Plekan O, Prince KC, Richter R, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, De Ninno G, Grazioli C, Ivanov R, Mahne N, Raimondi L, Svetina C, Avaldi L, Bolognesi P, Coreno M, O'Keeffe P, Di Fraia M, Devetta M, Ovcharenko Y, Möller T, Lyamayev V, Stienkemeier F, Düsterer S, Ueda K, Costello JT, Kazansky AK, Kabachnik NM, Meyer M. Determining the polarization state of an extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser beam using atomic circular dichroism. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3648. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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20
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Ovcharenko Y, Lyamayev V, Katzy R, Devetta M, LaForge A, O'Keeffe P, Plekan O, Finetti P, Di Fraia M, Mudrich M, Krikunova M, Piseri P, Coreno M, Brauer NB, Mazza T, Stranges S, Grazioli C, Richter R, Prince KC, Drabbels M, Callegari C, Stienkemeier F, Möller T. Novel collective autoionization process observed in electron spectra of He clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:073401. [PMID: 24579595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ionization dynamics of He nanodroplets irradiated with intense femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses of up to 1013 W/cm2 power density have been investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. Helium droplets were resonantly excited to atomiclike 2p states with a photon energy of 21.4 eV, below the ionization potential (Ip), and directly into the ionization continuum with 42.8 eV photons. While electron emission following direct ionization above Ip is well explained within a model based on a sequence of direct electron emission events, the resonant excitation provides evidence of a new, collective ionization mechanism involving many excited atomiclike 2p states. With increasing power density the direct photoline due to an interatomic Coulombic decay disappears. It indicates that ionization occurs due to energy exchange between at least three excited atoms proceeding on a femtosecond time scale. In agreement with recent theoretical work the novel ionization process is very efficient and it is expected to be important for many other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Lyamayev
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Katzy
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Devetta
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A LaForge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Krikunova
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Piseri
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy and Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - N B Brauer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Stranges
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy and IOM-CNR TASC Laboratory, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and IOM-CNR TASC Laboratory, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and IOM-CNR TASC Laboratory, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Buchta D, Krishnan SR, Brauer NB, Drabbels M, O’Keeffe P, Devetta M, Di Fraia M, Callegari C, Richter R, Coreno M, Prince KC, Stienkemeier F, Ullrich J, Moshammer R, Mudrich M. Extreme ultraviolet ionization of pure He nanodroplets: Mass-correlated photoelectron imaging, Penning ionization, and electron energy-loss spectra. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Giese C, Mullins T, Grüner B, Weidemüller M, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Formation and relaxation of RbHe exciplexes on He nanodroplets studied by femtosecond pump and picosecond probe spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:244307. [PMID: 23277936 DOI: 10.1063/1.4772749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Giese
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Fechner L, Grüner B, Sieg A, Callegari C, Ancilotto F, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Photoionization and imaging spectroscopy of rubidium atoms attached to helium nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:3843-51. [PMID: 22327348 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Fechner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Krishnan SR, Fechner L, Kremer M, Sharma V, Fischer B, Camus N, Jha J, Krishnamurthy M, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Ullrich J, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M, Mikaberidze A, Saalmann U, Rost JM. Dopant-induced ignition of helium nanodroplets in intense few-cycle laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:173402. [PMID: 22107516 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.173402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate ultrafast resonant energy absorption of rare-gas doped He nanodroplets from intense few-cycle (~10 fs) laser pulses. We find that less than 10 dopant atoms "ignite" the droplet to generate a nonspherical electronic nanoplasma resulting ultimately in complete ionization and disintegration of all atoms, although the pristine He droplet is transparent for the laser intensities applied. Our calculations at those intensities reveal that the minimal pulse length required for ignition is about 9 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Krishnan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Grüner B, Schlesinger M, Heister P, Strunz WT, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Vibrational relaxation and dephasing of Rb2 attached to helium nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:6816-26. [PMID: 21394372 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02355h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vibrational wave-packet dynamics of diatomic rubidium molecules (Rb(2)) in triplet states formed on the surface of superfluid helium nanodroplets is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Detailed comparison of experimental femtosecond pump-probe spectra with dissipative quantum dynamics simulations reveals that vibrational relaxation is the main source of dephasing. The rate constant for vibrational relaxation in the first excited triplet state 1(3)Σ(g)+ is found to be constant γ ≈ 0.5 ns(-1) for the lowest vibrational levels v ≲ 15 and to increase sharply when exciting to higher energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Grüner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Bünermann O, Mudrich M, Weidemüller M, Stienkemeier F. Erratum: “Spectroscopy of Cs attached to helium nanodroplets” [J. Chem. Phys. 121, 8880 (2004)]. J Chem Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3491040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Abstract
We systematically investigate the formation and stability of snowballs formed by femtosecond photoionization of small alkali clusters bound to helium nanodroplets. For all studied alkali species Ak = (Na,K,Rb,Cs) we observe the formation of snowballs Ak(+)He(N) when multiply doping the droplets. Fragmentation of clusters Ak(N) upon ionization appears to enhance snowball formation. In the case of Na and Cs we also detect snowballs Ak(2) (+)He(N) formed around Ak dimer ions. While the snowball progression for Na and K is limited to less than 11 helium atoms, the heavier atoms Rb and Cs feature wide distributions at least up to Ak(+)He(41). Characteristic steps in the mass spectra of Cs-doped helium droplets are found at positions consistent with predictions on the closure of the first shell of helium atoms around the Ak(+) ion based on variational Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Müller S, Krapf S, Koslowski T, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F. Cold reactions of alkali-metal and water clusters inside helium nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:183401. [PMID: 19518868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.183401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of alkali-metal (Na, Cs) clusters with water clusters embedded in helium nanodroplets is studied using femtosecond photoionization as well as electron-impact ionization. Unlike Na clusters, Cs clusters are found to completely react with water in spite of the ultracold helium droplet environment. Mass spectra of the Csn+(H2O)m reaction products are interpreted in terms of stability with respect to fragmentation using high-level molecular structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F, Droppelmann G, Claas P, Schulz CP. Quantum interference spectroscopy of rubidium-helium exciplexes formed on helium nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:023401. [PMID: 18232865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.023401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond multiphoton pump-probe photoionization is applied to helium nanodroplets doped with rubidium (Rb). The yield of Rb+ ions features pronounced quantum interference (QI) fringes demonstrating the coherence of a superposition of electronic states on a time scale of tens of picoseconds. Furthermore, we observe QI in the yield of formed RbHe exciplex molecules. The quantum interferogram allows us to determine the vibrational structure of these unstable molecules. From a sliced Fourier analysis one cannot only extract the population dynamics of vibrational states but also follow their energetic evolution during the RbHe formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Mudrich M, Forkl B, Müller S, Dvorak M, Bünermann O, Stienkemeier F. Kilohertz laser ablation for doping helium nanodroplets. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:103106. [PMID: 17979405 DOI: 10.1063/1.2796849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new setup for doping helium nanodroplets by means of laser ablation at kilohertz repetition rate is presented. The doping process is characterized and two distinct regimes of laser ablation are identified. The setup is shown to be efficient and stable enough to be used for spectroscopy, as demonstrated on beam depletion spectra of lithium atoms attached to helium nanodroplets. For the first time, helium droplets are doped with high temperature refractory materials such as titanium and tantalum. Doping with the nonvolatile DNA basis guanine is found to be efficient and a number of oligomers are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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31
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Abstract
Cesium oligomers are formed on helium nanodroplets which are doped with one or a few Cs atoms. The monomer absorption of the first electronic p<--s transition upon laser excitation is probed. Spectra employing laser-induced fluorescence, beam depletion, and resonant photoionization are compared. In particular, mass-resolved photoionization allows us to specifically probe excitation induced processes such as, e.g., the formation of cesium-helium exciplexes. Absorption spectra of Cs dimers and trimers are recorded in the spectral region accessible by a Ti:sapphire laser. Assignment of dimer spectra is achieved by comparison with model calculations based on ab initio potentials. Electronic absorption lines of Cs trimers are attributed to transitions in the quartet manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bünermann
- Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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32
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Droppelmann G, Bünermann O, Schulz CP, Stienkemeier F. Formation times of RbHe exciplexes on the surface of superfluid versus normal fluid helium nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:023402. [PMID: 15323914 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.023402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanodroplets of either superfluid 4He or normal fluid 3He are doped with Rb atoms that are bound to the surface of the droplets. The formation of RbHe exciplexes upon 5P(3/2) excitation is monitored in real time by femtosecond pump-probe techniques. We find formation times of 8.5 and 11.6 ps for Rb 4He and Rb 3He, respectively. A comparison to calculations based on a tunneling model introduced for these systems by Reho et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 113, 9694 (2000)]] shows that the proposed mechanism cannot account for our findings. Apparently, a different relaxation dynamics of the superfluid opposed to the normal fluid surface is responsible for the observed formation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Droppelmann
- Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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33
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Wewer M, Stienkemeier F. Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydrid in helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:1239-44. [PMID: 15268249 DOI: 10.1063/1.1633761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic spectra of the S1<--S0 transition of the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydrid (PTCDA) monomer isolated in superfluid helium nanodroplets have been measured by means of laser-induced fluorescence. The 0(0)(0) transition appears at 20,988 cm(-1) as the dominant line. We obtain clearly resolved the vibrational structure of the molecule. A comparison to Raman spectra of PTCDA films on metallic substrates and PTCDA crystals as well as with calculated frequencies provides the identification of the different modes. The enhanced resolution in the low temperature helium environment and the obtained line positions provide new information about structural properties of perylene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wewer
- Fakultat fur Physik, Universitat Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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34
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Schulz CP, Claas P, Schumacher D, Stienkemeier F. Formation and stability of high-spin alkali clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:013401. [PMID: 14753989 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Helium nanodroplet isolation has been applied to agglomerate alkali clusters at temperatures of 380 mK. The very weak binding to the surface of the droplets allows a selection of only weakly bound, high-spin states. Here we show that larger clusters of alkali atoms in high-spin states can be formed. The lack of strong bonds from pairing electrons makes these systems nonmetallic, van der Waals-like complexes of metal atoms. We find that sodium and potassium readily form such clusters containing up to 25 atoms. In contrast, this process is suppressed for rubidium and cesium. Apparently, for these heavy alkalis, larger high-spin aggregates are not stable and depolarize spontaneously upon cluster formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Schulz
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Schulz CP, Claas P, Stienkemeier F. Formation of K*He exciplexes on the surface of helium nanodroplets studied in real time. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:153401. [PMID: 11580696 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.153401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Superfluid helium nanodroplets are doped with potassium atoms to form complexes with the alkali atom residing on the surface of the droplets. Dispersed laser-induced fluorescence spectra of such systems already revealed the formation of M(*)He ( M = Na,K) exciplexes upon electronic excitation [Reho et al., Faraday Discuss. 108, 161 (1997)]. By means of femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy, this formation process now is followed in real time. We find K(*)He(n = 1) to be formed within 180 fs. Furthermore, the existence of exciplexes with n>1 is quantified suggesting that the first ring around the potassium atom contains four helium atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Schulz
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stienkemeier
- Fakultat fur Physik, Universitat Bielefeld D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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37
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Higgins J, Callegari C, Reho J, Stienkemeier F, Ernst WE, Gutowski M, Scoles G. Helium Cluster Isolation Spectroscopy of Alkali Dimers in the Triplet Manifold. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp981115g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - C. Callegari
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - J. Reho
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - F. Stienkemeier
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - W. E. Ernst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - M. Gutowski
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - G. Scoles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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38
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Callegari C, Higgins J, Stienkemeier F, Scoles G. Beam Depletion Spectroscopy of Alkali Atoms (Li, Na, K) Attached to Highly Quantum Clusters. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971176z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Callegari
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - J. Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - F. Stienkemeier
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - G. Scoles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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Higgins J, Callegari C, Reho J, Stienkemeier F, Ernst WE, Lehmann KK, Gutowski M, Scoles G. Photoinduced Chemical Dynamics of High-Spin Alkali Trimers. Science 1996; 273:629-31. [PMID: 8662549 DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5275.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer-sized helium droplets, each containing about 10(4) helium atoms, were used as an inert substrate on which to form previously unobserved, spin-3/2 (quartet state) alkali trimers. Dispersed fluorescence measurements reveal that, upon electronic excitation, the quartet trimers undergo intersystem crossing to the doublet manifold, followed by dissociation of the doublet trimer into an atom and a covalently bound singlet dimer. As shown by this work, aggregates of spin-polarized alkali metals represent ideal species for the optical study of fundamental chemical dynamics processes including nonadiabatic spin conversion, change of bonding nature, and unimolecular dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Higgins
- J. Higgins, C. Callegari, J. Reho, K. K. Lehmann, G. Scoles, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. F. Stienkemeier, Fakulat fur Physik, Universitat Bielefeld, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany. W. E. Ernst, Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. M. Gutowski, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA, and Department of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
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41
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Stienkemeier F, Higgins J, Ernst WE, Scoles G. Spectroscopy of alkali atoms and molecules attached to liquid He clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01338416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Stienkemeier F, Ernst WE, Higgins J, Scoles G. On the use of liquid helium cluster beams for the preparation and spectroscopy of the triplet states of alkali dimers and other weakly bound complexes. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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45
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Loesch HJ, Stienkemeier F. Effect of reagent alignment on the product state distribution in the reaction Sr+HF(v=1, j=1)→SrF(v’, j’)+H. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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47
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Hoffmeister M, Schleysing R, Stienkemeier F, Loesch HJ. Vibrational effects in elastic rainbow scattering: K+HF(v=0), HF(v=1). J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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