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Brilli L, Toscano P, Carotenuto F, Di Lonardo S, Di Tommasi P, Magliulo V, Manco A, Vitale L, Zaldei A, Gioli B. Long-term investigation of methane and carbon dioxide emissions in two Italian landfills. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29356. [PMID: 38644898 PMCID: PMC11033122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Landfills play a key role as greenhouse gas (GHGs) emitters, and urgently need assessment and management plans development to swiftly reduce their climate impact. In this context, accurate emission measurements from landfills under different climate and management would reduce the uncertainty in emission accounting. In this study, more than one year of long-term high-frequency data of CO2 and CH4 fluxes were collected in two Italian landfills (Giugliano and Case Passerini) with contrasting management (gas recovery VS no management) using eddy covariance (EC), with the aim to i) investigate the relation between climate drivers and CO2 and CH4 fluxes at different time intervals and ii) to assess the overall GHG balances including the biogas extraction and energy recovery components. Results indicated a higher net atmospheric CO2 source (5.7 ± 5.3 g m2 d-1) at Giugliano compared to Case Passerini (2.4 ± 4.9 g m2 d-1) as well as one order of magnitude higher atmospheric CH4 fluxes (6.0 ± 5.7 g m2 d-1 and 0.7 ± 0.6 g m2 d-1 respectively). Statistical analysis highlighted that fluxes were mainly driven by thermal variables, followed by water availability, with their relative importance changing according to the time-interval considered. The rate of change in barometric pressure (dP/dt) influenced CH4 patterns and magnitude in the classes ranging from -1.25 to +1.25 Pa h-1, with reduction when dP/dt > 0 and increase when dP/dt < 0, whilst a clear pattern was not observed when all dP/dt classes were analyzed. When including management, the total atmospheric GHG balance computed for the two landfills of Giugliano and Case Passerini was 174 g m2 d-1 and 79 g m2 d-1 respectively, of which 168 g m2 d-1 and 20 g m2 d-1 constituted by CH4 fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Brilli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
| | - P. Toscano
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
| | - F. Carotenuto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
| | - S. Di Lonardo
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - P. Di Tommasi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - V. Magliulo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Manco
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Vitale
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, 80056, Naples, Italy
| | - A. Zaldei
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
| | - B. Gioli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Firenze, 50145, Italy
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Brilli L, Carotenuto F, Chiesi M, Fiorillo E, Genesio L, Magno R, Morabito M, Nardino M, Zaldei A, Gioli B. An integrated approach to estimate how much urban afforestation can contribute to move towards carbon neutrality. Sci Total Environ 2022; 842:156843. [PMID: 35750179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urban afforestation is considered a promising nature-climate solution that may contribute to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, since it can increase C-storage and C-sequestration, whilst providing further multiple ecosystem services for citizens. However, the quantification of the CO2 sequestration capacity that may be provided by an urban forest as well as the capacity to impact the city-level C-balance and offset anthropogenic emissions is a complex issue. Methodological approaches, quantity and quality of information contained in urban tree database, and the level of detail of the planned urban forest can strongly influence the estimation of C-sequestration potential offered by urban forests. In this work, an integrated framework based on emission inventory, tree species/morphology and ecosystem modelling has been proposed for the city of Prato, Italy, a representative medium size European city to: i) evaluate the current C-sequestration capacity of urban trees; ii) upscale such capacity with different afforestation scenarios, iii) compare the sink capacity offered by ecosystems with current and projected anthropogenic emissions. Results indicated that the green areas within the Municipality of Prato can sequester 33.1 ktCO2 yr-1 under actual conditions and 51.0 ktCO2 yr-1 under the afforestation scenario which maximize the CO2 sequestration capacity, offsetting the 7.1 % and 11 % of the total emissions (465.8 ktCO2 yr-1), respectively. This study proves that, in the various afforestation scenarios tested, the contribution of urban afforestation to the municipality carbon balance is negligible and that carbon neutrality can only be reached by the substantial decarbonization of emission sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brilli
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - F Carotenuto
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Chiesi
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - E Fiorillo
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - L Genesio
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - R Magno
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Morabito
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M Nardino
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Zaldei
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - B Gioli
- CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Bioeconomy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50145 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Nicolini G, Antoniella G, Carotenuto F, Christen A, Ciais P, Feigenwinter C, Gioli B, Stagakis S, Velasco E, Vogt R, Ward HC, Barlow J, Chrysoulakis N, Duce P, Graus M, Helfter C, Heusinkveld B, Järvi L, Karl T, Marras S, Masson V, Matthews B, Meier F, Nemitz E, Sabbatini S, Scherer D, Schume H, Sirca C, Steeneveld GJ, Vagnoli C, Wang Y, Zaldei A, Zheng B, Papale D. Direct observations of CO 2 emission reductions due to COVID-19 lockdown across European urban districts. Sci Total Environ 2022; 830:154662. [PMID: 35318060 PMCID: PMC8934179 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The measures taken to contain the spread of COVID-19 in 2020 included restrictions of people's mobility and reductions in economic activities. These drastic changes in daily life, enforced through national lockdowns, led to abrupt reductions of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in urbanized areas all over the world. To examine the effect of social restrictions on local emissions of CO2, we analysed district level CO2 fluxes measured by the eddy-covariance technique from 13 stations in 11 European cities. The data span several years before the pandemic until October 2020 (six months after the pandemic began in Europe). All sites showed a reduction in CO2 emissions during the national lockdowns. The magnitude of these reductions varies in time and space, from city to city as well as between different areas of the same city. We found that, during the first lockdowns, urban CO2 emissions were cut with respect to the same period in previous years by 5% to 87% across the analysed districts, mainly as a result of limitations on mobility. However, as the restrictions were lifted in the following months, emissions quickly rebounded to their pre-COVID levels in the majority of sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Nicolini
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Italy; DIBAF University of Tuscia, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Antoniella
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Italy; DIBAF University of Tuscia, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Christen
- Environmental Meteorology, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l' Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, C.E. Orme des Merisiers Gif sur Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Stavros Stagakis
- University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Greece
| | | | | | - Helen C Ward
- Dep. of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Nektarios Chrysoulakis
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Greece
| | | | - Martin Graus
- Dep. of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Bert Heusinkveld
- Wageningen University, Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leena Järvi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Karl
- Dep. of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Serena Marras
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Italy; Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Valéry Masson
- University of Toulouse, Météo-France and CNRS, France
| | - Bradley Matthews
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, Vienna, Austria; Environment Agency Austria, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fred Meier
- Chair of Climatology, Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Eiko Nemitz
- UK Center for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, UK
| | - Simone Sabbatini
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Italy; DIBAF University of Tuscia, Italy
| | - Dieter Scherer
- Chair of Climatology, Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schume
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Costantino Sirca
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Italy; Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Gert-Jan Steeneveld
- Wageningen University, Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Yilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bo Zheng
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Dario Papale
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Italy; DIBAF University of Tuscia, Italy
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Venturi S, Randazzo A, Tassi F, Gioli B, Buccianti A, Gualtieri G, Capecchiacci F, Cabassi J, Brilli L, Carotenuto F, Santi R, Vagnoli C, Zaldei A, Vaselli O. Unveiling the changes in urban atmospheric CO 2 in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Florence (Italy). Sci Total Environ 2021; 795:148877. [PMID: 34252774 PMCID: PMC8254387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by global mobility restrictions and slowdown in manufacturing activities. Accordingly, cities experienced a significant decrease of CO2 emissions. In this study, continuous measurements of CO2 fluxes, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and δ13C-CO2 values were performed in the historical center of Florence (Italy) before, during and after the almost two-month long national lockdown. The temporal trends of the analyzed parameters, combined with the variations in emitting source categories (from inventory data), evidenced a fast response of flux measurements to variations in the strength of the emitting sources. Similarly, the δ13C-CO2 values recorded the change in the prevailing sources contributing to urban atmospheric CO2, confirming the effectiveness of carbon isotopic data as geochemical tracers for identifying and quantifying the relative contributions of emitting sources. Although the direct impact of restriction measurements on CO2 concentrations was less clear due to seasonal trends and background fluctuations, an in-depth analysis of the daily local CO2 enhancement with respect to the background values revealed a progressive decrease throughout the lockdown phase at the end of the heating season (>10 ppm), followed by a net increase (ca. 5 ppm) with the resumption of traffic. Finally, the investigation of the shape of the frequency distribution of the analyzed variables revealed interesting aspects concerning the dynamics of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Venturi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Franco Tassi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonella Buccianti
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gualtieri
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Capecchiacci
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Jacopo Cabassi
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brilli
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federico Carotenuto
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Riccardo Santi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Carolina Vagnoli
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zaldei
- Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Orlando Vaselli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Gualtieri G, Di Lonardo S, Carotenuto F, Toscano P, Vagnoli C, Zaldei A, Gioli B. The role of emissions and meteorology in driving CO 2 concentrations in urban areas. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:29908-29918. [PMID: 33575944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A multi-year dataset of measurements of CO2 concentrations, eddy covariance fluxes, and meteorological parameters over the city centre of Florence (Italy) has been analysed to assess the role of anthropogenic emissions and meteorology in controlling urban CO2 concentrations. The latter exhibited a negative correlation with air temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, and sensible heat flux and a positive one with relative humidity and emissions. A linear and an artificial neural network (ANN) model have been developed and validated for short-term modelling of 3-h CO2 concentrations. The ANN model performed better, with mean bias of 0.58 ppm, root mean square error within 30 ppm, and r2=0.49. Data clustering through the self-organized maps allowed to disentangle the role played by emissions and meteorological parameters in influencing CO2 concentrations. Sensitivity analysis of CO2 concentrations revealed a primary role played by the meteorological parameters, particularly wind speed. These results highlighted that (i) emission reduction actions at local urban scale should be better tied to actual and expected meteorological conditions and (ii) those actions alone have limited effects (e.g. a 20% emission reduction would result in a 3% CO2 concentrations reduction). For all these reasons, large-scale policies would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gualtieri
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sara Di Lonardo
- National Research Council, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Federico Carotenuto
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Piero Toscano
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carolina Vagnoli
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zaldei
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- National Research Council, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy
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Gualtieri G, Brilli L, Carotenuto F, Vagnoli C, Zaldei A, Gioli B. Quantifying road traffic impact on air quality in urban areas: A Covid19-induced lockdown analysis in Italy. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115682. [PMID: 33254679 PMCID: PMC7500435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Covid19-induced lockdown measures caused modifications in atmospheric pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. Urban road traffic was the most impacted, with 48-60% average reduction in Italy. This offered an unprecedented opportunity to assess how a prolonged (∼2 months) and remarkable abatement of traffic emissions impacted on urban air quality. Six out of the eight most populated cities in Italy with different climatic conditions were analysed: Milan, Bologna, Florence, Rome, Naples, and Palermo. The selected scenario (24/02/2020-30/04/2020) was compared to a meteorologically comparable scenario in 2019 (25/02/2019-02/05/2019). NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 observations from 58 air quality and meteorological stations were used, while traffic mobility was derived from municipality-scale big data. NO2 levels remarkably dropped over all urban areas (from -24.9% in Milan to -59.1% in Naples), to an extent roughly proportional but lower than traffic reduction. Conversely, O3 concentrations remained unchanged or even increased (up to 13.7% in Palermo and 14.7% in Rome), likely because of the reduced O3 titration triggered by lower NO emissions from vehicles, and lower NOx emissions over typical VOCs-limited environments such as urban areas, not compensated by comparable VOCs emissions reductions. PM10 exhibited reductions up to 31.5% (Palermo) and increases up to 7.3% (Naples), while PM2.5 showed reductions of ∼13-17% counterbalanced by increases up to ∼9%. Higher household heating usage (+16-19% in March), also driven by colder weather conditions than 2019 (-0.2 to -0.8 °C) may partly explain primary PM emissions increase, while an increase in agriculture activities may account for the NH3 emissions increase leading to secondary aerosol formation. This study confirmed the complex nature of atmospheric pollution even when a major emission source is clearly isolated and controlled, and the need for consistent decarbonisation efforts across all emission sectors to really improve air quality and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gualtieri
- National Research Council-Institute for BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Brilli
- National Research Council-Institute for BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Federico Carotenuto
- National Research Council-Institute for BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Carolina Vagnoli
- National Research Council-Institute for BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Zaldei
- National Research Council-Institute for BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- National Research Council-Institute for BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Firenze, Italy.
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Carotenuto F, Brilli L, Gioli B, Gualtieri G, Vagnoli C, Mazzola M, Viola AP, Vitale V, Severi M, Traversi R, Zaldei A. Long-Term Performance Assessment of Low-Cost Atmospheric Sensors in the Arctic Environment. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E1919. [PMID: 32235527 PMCID: PMC7180591 DOI: 10.3390/s20071919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Arctic is an important natural laboratory that is extremely sensitive to climatic changes and its monitoring is, therefore, of great importance. Due to the environmental extremes it is often hard to deploy sensors and observations are limited to a few sparse observation points limiting the spatial and temporal coverage of the Arctic measurement. Given these constraints the possibility of deploying a rugged network of low-cost sensors remains an interesting and convenient option. The present work validates for the first time a low-cost sensor array (AIRQino) for monitoring basic meteorological parameters and atmospheric composition in the Arctic (air temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter, and CO2). AIRQino was deployed for one year in the Svalbard archipelago and its outputs compared with reference sensors. Results show good agreement with the reference meteorological parameters (air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH)) with correlation coefficients above 0.8 and small absolute errors (≈1 °C for temperature and ≈6% for RH). Particulate matter (PM) low-cost sensors show a good linearity (r2 ≈ 0.8) and small absolute errors for both PM2.5 and PM10 (≈1 µg m-3 for PM2.5 and ≈3 µg m-3 for PM10), while overall accuracy is impacted both by the unknown composition of the local aerosol, and by high humidity conditions likely generating hygroscopic effects. CO2 exhibits a satisfying agreement with r2 around 0.70 and an absolute error of ≈23 mg m-3. Overall these results, coupled with an excellent data coverage and scarce need of maintenance make the AIRQino or similar devices integrations an interesting tool for future extended sensor networks also in the Arctic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carotenuto
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (L.B.); (G.G.); (C.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Lorenzo Brilli
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (L.B.); (G.G.); (C.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (L.B.); (G.G.); (C.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Giovanni Gualtieri
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (L.B.); (G.G.); (C.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Carolina Vagnoli
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (L.B.); (G.G.); (C.V.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mauro Mazzola
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR ISP), 40129 Bologna (BO), Italy; (M.M.); (A.P.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Angelo Pietro Viola
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR ISP), 40129 Bologna (BO), Italy; (M.M.); (A.P.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Vito Vitale
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR ISP), 40129 Bologna (BO), Italy; (M.M.); (A.P.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Mirko Severi
- Chemistry Department, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (M.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Rita Traversi
- Chemistry Department, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (M.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Alessandro Zaldei
- Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR IBE), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (L.B.); (G.G.); (C.V.); (A.Z.)
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8
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O'Sullivan D, Adams MP, Tarn MD, Harrison AD, Vergara-Temprado J, Porter GCE, Holden MA, Sanchez-Marroquin A, Carotenuto F, Whale TF, McQuaid JB, Walshaw R, Hedges DHP, Burke IT, Cui Z, Murray BJ. Contributions of biogenic material to the atmospheric ice-nucleating particle population in North Western Europe. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13821. [PMID: 30217983 PMCID: PMC6138667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A minute fraction of atmospheric particles exert a disproportionate effect on the phase of mixed-phase clouds by acting as ice-nucleating particles (INPs). To understand the effects of these particles on weather and climate, both now and into the future, we must first develop a quantitative understanding of the major INP sources worldwide. Previous work has demonstrated that aerosols such as desert dusts are globally important INPs, but the role of biogenic INPs is unclear, with conflicting evidence for their importance. Here, we show that at a temperate site all INPs active above −18 °C at concentrations >0.1 L−1 are destroyed on heating, consistent with these INPs being of biological origin. Furthermore, we show that a global model of desert dust INPs dramatically underestimates the measured INP concentrations, but is consistent with the thermally-stable component. Notably, the heat sensitive INPs are active at temperatures where shallow cloud layers in Northern Europe are frequently observed to glaciate. Hence, we suggest that biogenic material is important for primary ice production in this region. The prevalence of heat sensitive, most likely biogenic, INPs in this region highlights that, as a community, we need to quantify the sources and transport of these particles as well as determine their atmospheric abundance across the globe and at cloud altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O'Sullivan
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,NHS Digital,1 Trevelyan Square, Boar Lane, Leeds, LS1 6AE, UK
| | - M P Adams
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M D Tarn
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A D Harrison
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J Vergara-Temprado
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G C E Porter
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M A Holden
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A Sanchez-Marroquin
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - F Carotenuto
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, Italy
| | - T F Whale
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J B McQuaid
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R Walshaw
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - D H P Hedges
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - I T Burke
- Earth Surface Science Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Z Cui
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B J Murray
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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9
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Cavaliere A, Carotenuto F, Di Gennaro F, Gioli B, Gualtieri G, Martelli F, Matese A, Toscano P, Vagnoli C, Zaldei A. Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM 2.5 and PM 10 Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E2843. [PMID: 30154366 PMCID: PMC6163466 DOI: 10.3390/s18092843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A low-cost air quality station has been developed for real-time monitoring of main atmospheric pollutants. Sensors for CO, CO₂, NO₂, O₃, VOC, PM2.5 and PM10 were integrated on an Arduino Shield compatible board. As concerns PM2.5 and PM10 sensors, the station underwent a laboratory calibration and later a field validation. Laboratory calibration has been carried out at the headquarters of CNR-IBIMET in Florence (Italy) against a TSI DustTrak reference instrument. A MATLAB procedure, implementing advanced mathematical techniques to detect possible complex non-linear relationships between sensor signals and reference data, has been developed and implemented to accomplish the laboratory calibration. Field validation has been performed across a full "heating season" (1 November 2016 to 15 April 2017) by co-locating the station at a road site in Florence where an official fixed air quality station was in operation. Both calibration and validation processes returned fine scores, in most cases better than those achieved for similar systems in the literature. During field validation, in particular, for PM2.5 and PM10 mean biases of 0.036 and 0.598 µg/m³, RMSE of 4.056 and 6.084 µg/m³, and R² of 0.909 and 0.957 were achieved, respectively. Robustness of the developed station, seamless deployed through a five and a half month outdoor campaign without registering sensor failures or drifts, is a further key point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cavaliere
- Department of Information Engineering (DINFO), University of Firenze, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Federico Carotenuto
- National Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Filippo Di Gennaro
- National Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- National Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Gualtieri
- National Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Francesca Martelli
- National Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Matese
- National Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Piero Toscano
- National Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Carolina Vagnoli
- National Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Zaldei
- National Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
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10
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Raia P, Boggioni M, Carotenuto F, Castiglione S, Di Febbraro M, Di Vincenzo F, Melchionna M, Mondanaro A, Papini A, Profico A, Serio C, Veneziano A, Vero VA, Rook L, Meloro C, Manzi G. Unexpectedly rapid evolution of mandibular shape in hominins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7340. [PMID: 29743608 PMCID: PMC5943523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the hominins - namely the so-called 'australopiths' and the species of the genus Homo - are known to possess short and deep mandibles and relatively small incisors and canines. It is commonly assumed that this suite of traits evolved in early members of the clade in response to changing environmental conditions and increased consumption of though food items. With the emergence of Homo, the functional meaning of mandible shape variation is thought to have been weakened by technological advancements and (later) by the control over fire. In contrast to this expectation, we found that mandible shape evolution in hominins is exceptionally rapid as compared to any other primate clade, and that the direction and rate of shape change (from the ape ancestor) are no different between the australopiths and Homo. We deem several factors including the loss of honing complex, canine reduction, and the acquisition of different diets may have concurred in producing such surprisingly high evolutionary rates. This study reveals the evolution of mandibular shape in hominins has strong morpho-functional and ecological significance attached.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raia
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Boggioni
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - F Carotenuto
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - S Castiglione
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - M Di Febbraro
- Università degli Studi del Molise, Department of Biosciences and The Territory, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090, Pesche, Isernia, Italy
| | - F Di Vincenzo
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana, Via Ulisse Aldrovandi, 18, 00197, Roma, Italy
| | - M Melchionna
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A Mondanaro
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Earth Sciences, Via Giorgio La Pira, 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - A Papini
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - A Profico
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - C Serio
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - A Veneziano
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - V A Vero
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, L.go San Marcellino 10, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - L Rook
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Earth Sciences, Via Giorgio La Pira, 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - C Meloro
- Liverpool John Moores University, School of Natural Science and Psychology, Byrom Street, L3 3AF, Liverpool, UK
| | - G Manzi
- Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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11
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Carotenuto F, Gualtieri G, Miglietta F, Riccio A, Toscano P, Wohlfahrt G, Gioli B. Industrial point source CO 2 emission strength estimation with aircraft measurements and dispersion modelling. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:165. [PMID: 29470656 PMCID: PMC5823952 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CO2 remains the greenhouse gas that contributes most to anthropogenic global warming, and the evaluation of its emissions is of major interest to both research and regulatory purposes. Emission inventories generally provide quite reliable estimates of CO2 emissions. However, because of intrinsic uncertainties associated with these estimates, it is of great importance to validate emission inventories against independent estimates. This paper describes an integrated approach combining aircraft measurements and a puff dispersion modelling framework by considering a CO2 industrial point source, located in Biganos, France. CO2 density measurements were obtained by applying the mass balance method, while CO2 emission estimates were derived by implementing the CALMET/CALPUFF model chain. For the latter, three meteorological initializations were used: (i) WRF-modelled outputs initialized by ECMWF reanalyses; (ii) WRF-modelled outputs initialized by CFSR reanalyses and (iii) local in situ observations. Governmental inventorial data were used as reference for all applications. The strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches and how they affect emission estimation uncertainty were investigated. The mass balance based on aircraft measurements was quite succesful in capturing the point source emission strength (at worst with a 16% bias), while the accuracy of the dispersion modelling, markedly when using ECMWF initialization through the WRF model, was only slightly lower (estimation with an 18% bias). The analysis will help in highlighting some methodological best practices that can be used as guidelines for future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carotenuto
- National Research Council, Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, Italy.
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Giovanni Gualtieri
- National Research Council, Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Miglietta
- National Research Council, Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelo Riccio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples "Parthenope", Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Toscano
- National Research Council, Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, Italy
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beniamino Gioli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via G. Caproni 8, 50145, Florence, Italy
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12
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Weil T, De Filippo C, Albanese D, Donati C, Pindo M, Pavarini L, Carotenuto F, Pasqui M, Poto L, Gabrieli J, Barbante C, Sattler B, Cavalieri D, Miglietta F. Legal immigrants: invasion of alien microbial communities during winter occurring desert dust storms. Microbiome 2017; 5:32. [PMID: 28283029 PMCID: PMC5345179 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A critical aspect regarding the global dispersion of pathogenic microorganisms is associated with atmospheric movement of soil particles. Especially, desert dust storms can transport alien microorganisms over continental scales and can deposit them in sensitive sink habitats. In winter 2014, the largest ever recorded Saharan dust event in Italy was efficiently deposited on the Dolomite Alps and was sealed between dust-free snow. This provided us the unique opportunity to overcome difficulties in separating dust associated from "domestic" microbes and thus, to determine with high precision microorganisms transported exclusively by desert dust. RESULTS Our metagenomic analysis revealed that sandstorms can move not only fractions but rather large parts of entire microbial communities far away from their area of origin and that this microbiota contains several of the most stress-resistant organisms on Earth, including highly destructive fungal and bacterial pathogens. In particular, we provide first evidence that winter-occurring dust depositions can favor a rapid microbial contamination of sensitive sink habitats after snowmelt. CONCLUSIONS Airborne microbial depositions accompanying extreme meteorological events represent a realistic threat for ecosystem and public health. Therefore, monitoring the spread and persistence of storm-travelling alien microbes is a priority while considering future trajectories of climatic anomalies as well as anthropogenically driven changes in land use in the source regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Weil
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| | - Claudio Donati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pavarini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Trento Italy
| | - Federico Carotenuto
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pasqui
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Poto
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Venice Italy
| | - Jacopo Gabrieli
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Venice Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, National Research Council (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Venice Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Venice Italy
| | - Birgit Sattler
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Duccio Cavalieri
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence Italy
| | - Franco Miglietta
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Florence, Italy
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13
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Raia P, Carotenuto F, Mondanaro A, Castiglione S, Passaro F, Saggese F, Melchionna M, Serio C, Alessio L, Silvestro D, Fortelius M. Progress to extinction: increased specialisation causes the demise of animal clades. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30965. [PMID: 27507121 PMCID: PMC4978992 DOI: 10.1038/srep30965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal clades tend to follow a predictable path of waxing and waning during their existence, regardless of their total species richness or geographic coverage. Clades begin small and undifferentiated, then expand to a peak in diversity and range, only to shift into a rarely broken decline towards extinction. While this trajectory is now well documented and broadly recognised, the reasons underlying it remain obscure. In particular, it is unknown why clade extinction is universal and occurs with such surprising regularity. Current explanations for paleontological extinctions call on the growing costs of biological interactions, geological accidents, evolutionary traps, and mass extinctions. While these are effective causes of extinction, they mainly apply to species, not clades. Although mass extinctions is the undeniable cause for the demise of a sizeable number of major taxa, we show here that clades escaping them go extinct because of the widespread tendency of evolution to produce increasingly specialised, sympatric, and geographically restricted species over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raia
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Carotenuto
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Mondanaro
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Castiglione
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Passaro
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Saggese
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Melchionna
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Serio
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - L Alessio
- Department of Earth Science, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - D Silvestro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Fortelius
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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14
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Carotenuto F, Tsikaridze N, Rook L, Lordkipanidze D, Longo L, Condemi S, Raia P. Venturing out safely: The biogeography of Homo erectus dispersal out of Africa. J Hum Evol 2016; 95:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Vollenbroek-Hutten M, Pais S, Ponce S, Dekker-van Weering M, Jansen-Kosterink S, Schena F, Tabarini N, Carotenuto F, Iadicicco V, Illario M. Rest Rust ! Physical active for active and healthy ageing. Transl Med UniSa 2015; 13:19-28. [PMID: 27042429 PMCID: PMC4811345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to give an insight on how physical activity can be defined, parameterized and measured in older adults and on different options to deal with citizen physical activity promotion at European level. Three relevant aspects are highlighted: When talking about physical activity, two different aspects are often unfairly mixed up: "physical activity" and "physical capacity". Physical activity, is referred to as the level of physical activity someone is actually performing in daily life.Physical capacity is referred to as the maximum physical activity a person can perform.Both physical activity and physical capacity can be expressed in different dimensions such as time, frequency, or type of activity with the consequence that there are many tools and techniques available. In order to support people to choose an appropriate instrument in their everyday practice a list of 9 criteria that are considered important is defined.Older adults score differently across the various physical dimensions, so strategies to promote physical activity should consider individual differences, in order to adapt for these variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vollenbroek-Hutten
- Roessingh Research and Development, Telemedicine group, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Telemedicine group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - S Pais
- Center for Research and Development in Health, University of Algarve, Portugal
| | - S Ponce
- Kronikgune, Torre del BEC, Ronda de Azkue, 1, 48902 Barakaldo, Biscay, Spain
| | - M Dekker-van Weering
- Roessingh Research and Development, Telemedicine group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - S Jansen-Kosterink
- Roessingh Research and Development, Telemedicine group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - F Schena
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences – University of Verona, Italy
| | - N Tabarini
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences – University of Verona, Italy
| | - F Carotenuto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, and R&D Unit, Federico II University Hospital
| | - V Iadicicco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, and R&D Unit, Federico II University Hospital
| | - M Illario
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, and R&D Unit, Federico II University Hospital
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16
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Vitale M, Fedelini P, Paladino F, Romano L, Minelli S, Nappi O, Marano A, Massa R, Carotenuto F, Borrelli A, Cartenì G. A path for diagnosis, therapy, follow up and research of kidney cancer: a continuous quality improvement. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv341.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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17
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Raia P, Carotenuto F, Passaro F, Piras P, Fulgione D, Werdelin L, Saarinen J, Fortelius M. Rapid action in the Palaeogene, the relationship between phenotypic and taxonomic diversification in Coenozoic mammals. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20122244. [PMID: 23173207 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A classic question in evolutionary biology concerns the tempo and mode of lineage evolution. Considered variously in relation to resource utilization, intrinsic constraints or hierarchic level, the question of how evolutionary change occurs in general has continued to draw the attention of the field for over a century and a half. Here we use the largest species-level phylogeny of Coenozoic fossil mammals (1031 species) ever assembled and their body size estimates, to show that body size and taxonomic diversification rates declined from the origin of placentals towards the present, and very probably correlate to each other. These findings suggest that morphological and taxic diversifications of mammals occurred hierarchically, with major shifts in body size coinciding with the birth of large clades, followed by taxonomic diversification within these newly formed clades. As the clades expanded, rates of taxonomic diversification proceeded independently of phenotypic evolution. Such a dynamic is consistent with the idea, central to the Modern Synthesis, that mammals radiated adaptively, with the filling of adaptive zones following the radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi Federico II, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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18
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Abstract
Cope's rule is the trend toward increasing body size in a lineage over geological time. The rule has been explained either as passive diffusion away from a small initial body size or as an active trend upheld by the ecological and evolutionary advantages that large body size confers. An explicit and phylogenetically informed analysis of body size evolution in Cenozoic mammals shows that body size increases significantly in most inclusive clades. This increase occurs through temporal substitution of incumbent species by larger-sized close relatives within the clades. These late-appearing species have smaller spatial and temporal ranges and are rarer than the incumbents they replace, traits that are typical of ecological specialists. Cope's rule, accordingly, appears to derive mainly from increasing ecological specialization and clade-level niche expansion rather than from active selection for larger size. However, overlain on a net trend toward average size increase, significant pulses in origination of large-sized species are concentrated in periods of global cooling. These pulses plausibly record direct selection for larger body size according to Bergmann's rule, which thus appears to be independent of but concomitant with Cope's.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi Federico II, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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19
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Abstract
Species response to environmental change may vary from adaptation to the new conditions, to dispersal towards territories with better ecological settings (known as habitat tracking), and to extinction. A phylogenetically explicit analysis of habitat tracking in Caenozoic large mammals shows that species moving over longer distances during their existence survived longer. By partitioning the fossil record into equal time intervals, we showed that the longest distance was preferentially covered just before extinction. This supports the idea that habitat tracking is a key reaction to environmental change, and confirms that tracking causally prolongs species survival. Species covering longer distances also have morphologically less variable cheek teeth. Given the tight relationship between cheek teeth form and habitat selection in large mammals, this supports the well-known, yet little tested, idea that habitat tracking bolsters morphological stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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20
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Raia P, Carotenuto F, Eronen JT, Fortelius M. Longer in the tooth, shorter in the record? The evolutionary correlates of hypsodonty in Neogene ruminants. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 278:3474-81. [PMID: 21471111 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of hypsodont molars is often regarded as a key innovation in the history of ruminant ungulates. Hypsodont ruminants diversified rapidly during the later Neogene, circa 15-2 Myr ago, and came to dominate the ruminant fossil record in terms of species diversity. Here we show that hypsodont clades had higher speciation and diversification rates than other clades. Hypsodont species had, on average, shorter stratigraphic durations, smaller range size and lower occupancy than non-hypsodont species. Within hypsodont clades, some species were very common and acquired large geographical ranges, whereas others were quite rare and geographically limited. We argue that hypsodont clades diversified in an adaptive radiation-like fashion, with species often splitting cladogenetically while still in the expansive phase of their occupancy history.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli studi Federico II, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
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21
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Chiurchiù V, Izzi V, D'Aquilio F, Carotenuto F, Di Nardo P, Baldini P. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) regulates the production of inflammatory mediators in human THP-1 macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 148:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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D'Aquilio F, Procaccini M, Izzi V, Chiurchiu' V, Giambra V, Carotenuto F, Di Nardo P, Baldini PM. Activatory Properties of Lysophosphatidic Acid on Human THP-1 Cells. Inflammation 2007; 30:167-77. [PMID: 17594136 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-007-9034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive leukocyte proliferation and proinflammatory mediators release represent common phenomena in several chronic inflammatory diseases. Multiple evidences identify lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a small lipid endowed with pleiotropic activities, as an important modulator of both proliferation and activation of different cell types involved in several inflammation-associated pathologies. However, its possible role on monocyte proinflammatory activation is not fully understood yet. Aim of the present study was to investigate LPA effects on THP-1 cells in terms of proliferation, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) production and release of arachidonic acid-derived inflammatory mediators. Actually, LPA significantly increased both DNA synthesis and ROI production as well as prostaglandin E(2) release and the upregulation of LPA(3) receptor expression. These findings identified LPA as both a growth factor and a triggering mediator of proinflammatory response in THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D'Aquilio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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23
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D'Aquilio F, Procaccini M, Izzi V, Chiurchiu' V, Giambra V, Carotenuto F, Di Nardo P, Baldini PM. Activatory properties of lysophosphatidic acid on human THP-1 cells. Inflammation 2006; 29:129-40. [PMID: 17089191 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-006-9008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/27/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive leukocyte proliferation and proinflammatory mediators release represent common phenomena in several chronic inflammatory diseases. Multiple evidences identify lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a small lipid endowed with pleiotropic activities, as an important modulator of both proliferation and activation of different cell types involved in several inflammation-associated pathologies. However, its possible role on monocyte proinflammatory activation is not fully understood yet. Aim of the present study was to investigate LPA effects on THP-1 cells in terms of proliferation, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) production and release of arachidonic acid-derived inflammatory mediators. Actually, LPA significantly increased both DNA synthesis and ROI production as well as prostaglandin E(2) release and the upregulation of LPA(3) receptor expression. These findings identified LPA as both a growth factor and a triggering mediator of proinflammatory response in THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D'Aquilio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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24
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Forte G, Minieri M, Cossa P, Antenucci D, Fantini C, Fiaccavento R, Carotenuto F, Prat M, Di Nardo P. Cardiomyocyte phenotype induction by cytokines in mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Cardiol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(04)90044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Vecchini A, Binaglia L, Bibeau M, Minieri M, Carotenuto F, Di Nardo P. Insulin deficiency and reduced expression of lipogenic enzymes in cardiomyopathic hamster. J Lipid Res 2001; 42:96-105. [PMID: 11160370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is given that the heart of the cardiomyopathic UM-X7.1 hamster has a lipid composition different from that of the same tissue isolated from animals of the Syrian hamster parent strain. Also, noncardiac tissues from cardiomyopathic and healthy hamsters exhibit significant compositional differences. On the basis of these preliminary observations, a comparative study of the hepatic biosynthesis of lipids in cardiomyopathic and healthy Syrian hamsters was undertaken. The results obtained indicate that the cardiomyopathic hamster is characterized by a generalized disturbance of lipid metabolism. In particular, the fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activities were significantly lower in the liver of UM-X7.1 hamsters than in age-matched healthy controls fed the same diet. Northern blot analysis of the mRNAs encoding the two enzymatic proteins and the "lipogenic" S14 nuclear protein indicated that the transcription of the respective genes was impaired in UM-X7.1.Short-term dietary manipulations modulated the expression of the above-mentioned genes both in cardiomyopathic and healthy animals. However, dietary carbohydrates were less effective in inducing the expression of lipogenic enzymes in UM-X7.1 liver than healthy controls. The main determinant of the metabolic defect pointed out in the present work appears to be represented by the low insulin level detectable in the plasma of the cardiomyopathic hamster.-Vecchini, A., L. Binaglia, M. Bibeau, M. Minieri, F. Carotenuto, and P. Di Nardo. Insulin deficiency and reduced expression of lipogenic enzymes in cardiomyopathic hamster. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 96;-105.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vecchini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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26
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Carlei F, Carotenuto F, Sciarratta F, Famulari A, Mariani P, Lomanto D, Lezoche E, Speranza V. [Morphofunctional analysis of mucins and endocrine cells in the gallbladder epithelium in uncomplicated cholelithiasis]. MINERVA CHIR 1992; 47:769-72. [PMID: 1603425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Carlei
- Cattedra di Anatomia Chirurgica, Università degli Studi de L'Aquila
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27
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Carlei F, Lygidakis NJ, Barsotti P, Crescenzi A, Natellis C, Carotenuto F, Dorsi E, Casciani CU. Mucin-producing cells and endocrine cells of gallbladder epithelium in patients with uncomplicated cholelithiasis. Hepatogastroenterology 1991; 38:149-53. [PMID: 1855773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study we have investigated various morphofunctional features of gallbladder mucosa in patients with uncomplicated cholelithiasis. The histological changes, endocrine cell types and their distribution, and mucin-producing cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry and mucin histochemistry; moreover, we attempted to correlate these findings to the number and size of gallbladder stones and the type of bacteria present in the bile. Our results indicate that, despite similar clinical parameters, a wide range of histological changes can occur in the gallbladder mucosa of these patients. Moreover, the presence of certain endocrine and mucin-producing cell types in so-called "pyloric metaplasia" led us to hypothesize that this finding may be a trivial event in the gallbladder epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carlei
- Surgical Anatomy, Dept. of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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28
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Carlei F, Famulari A, Carotenuto F, Sciarratta F, Manzi R, Dorsi E, Gatti C, Roberti R, Mariani P, Pietroletti R. [Functional changes in the biliary system following extrahepatic biliary obstruction]. G Chir 1990; 11:561-4. [PMID: 2288845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To assess the potential structural changes of the biliary tree and liver in patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, the resected specimens of 20 patients operated for benign biliary stricture were evaluated by means of immunocytochemical and histological methods. Furthermore, liver biopsies were taken for the same purposes. The results showed that in the dilated segment of the hepatic duct proximal to the stricture, innervation was greatly reduced or completely absent with associated advanced morphological and histological changes and high intrabiliary pressure levels. Similar findings were observed in the liver biopsies, too. These biopsies showed advanced morphological and histological changes associated with reduced innervation. By contrast, the nondilated segment of the hepatic duct, distal to the obstruction, showed normal innervation, normal morphology and histology and normal levels of intrabiliary pressure. The present study provides evidence that in cases of extrahepatic biliary obstruction, there are advanced pathological changes in the biliary tree associated with innervation impairment. These structural changes are associated with functional changes in both the liver and the biliary tree. Such functional changes represent a threat to the patient, particularly if major surgery is required. Increased biliary pressure appears to be a major cause of the development of these changes. Biliary drainage, either surgical or endoscopic, is indicated as the only alternative to reduce intrabiliary pressure and to contribute to a reversal of these structural and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carlei
- Anatomia Chirurgica e Corso di Operazioni, Università degli Studi di L'Aquila
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29
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Carlei F, Carotenuto F, Manzi R, Dorsi E, Gatti C, Sciarratta F, Mariani P, Roberti R, Pietroletti R, Natellis C. [Muciparous cells and endocrine cells of the gallbladder epithelium in patients with uncomplicated cholelithiasis]. G Chir 1990; 11:475-9. [PMID: 2288852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study the authors have investigated the different morphofunctional features of the gallbladder mucosa in patients with uncomplicated cholelithiasis. Histological changes, type and distribution of endocrine and mucin-producing cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry and mucin histochemistry. The authors attempted to correlate these findings to the number and size of gallbladder stones as well as type of bacteria present in the bile. The results indicate that, despite similar clinical parameters, a wide range of histological changes may occur in the gallbladder mucosa of these patients. Moreover, the presence of some endocrine and mucin-producing cell types in the so called "pyloric metaplasia" led the Authors to hypothesize that the latter may be a trivial event.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carlei
- Anatomia Chirurgica e Corso di Operazioni, Università degli Studi de L'Aquila
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30
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Servodio Iammarrone C, Lotito FM, Carotenuto F. [Treatment of displaced fractures of the proximal third of the humerus based on our personal experience]. Chir Organi Mov 1986; 71:355-60. [PMID: 3595274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Sampietro G, Sarti G, Citone G, Pagni I, Carotenuto F. [Study of renal cortical and medullary flow. Experimental studies with Xe-133 in basal conditions and during hypotension induced with "Arfonad"]. Nunt Radiol 1968; 34:1281-5. [PMID: 5744771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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