1
|
Gillebaart M, Blom SSAH, Benjamins JS, de Boer F, De Ridder DTD. The role of attention and health goals in nudging healthy food choice. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1270207. [PMID: 37928596 PMCID: PMC10620715 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1270207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nudging is a promising intervention technique that supports people in pursuing their healthy eating goals. Recent research suggests that, despite previous assumptions, disclosure of the presence of a nudge does not compromise nudge effectiveness. However, it is unknown whether attention to a nudge affects nudge effects. We assessed the role of attention systematically, by examining explicit and implicit attention to nudges, while also exploring healthy eating goals as a potential moderator. Methods Participants were assigned to a nudge (i.e., a shopping basket inlay with pictures of healthy items) or control condition (i.e., a shopping basket inlay with neutral pictures) and chose a snack in an experimental supermarket field study. Explicit and implicit attention (with a mobile eye-tracker) to nudges, healthiness of snack choice, and healthy eating goals were assessed. Results Results showed that attention to the nudge did not hamper the nudge's effect. Furthermore, individuals with strong healthy eating goals made healthier food choices in the nudge condition. Individuals with weak to non-existent healthy eating goals were not influenced by the nudge. Discussion Findings are in line with the viewpoint that nudging does not by definition work 'in the dark', and suggests that nudges support people in adhering to their healthy eating goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Gillebaart
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie S A H Blom
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen S Benjamins
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Femke de Boer
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Denise T D De Ridder
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lakerveld J, Mackenbach JD, de Boer F, Brandhorst B, Broerse JEW, de Bruijn GJ, Feunekes G, Gillebaart M, Harbers M, Hoenink J, Klein M, Mensink F, Middel C, de Ridder DTD, Rutters F, Sluijs I, van der Schouw YT, Schuitmaker TJ, Te Velde SJ, Velema E, Waterlander W, Brug J, Beulens JWJ. Improving cardiometabolic health through nudging dietary behaviours and physical activity in low SES adults: design of the Supreme Nudge project. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:899. [PMID: 30029600 PMCID: PMC6054749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Initiating and maintaining a healthy lifestyle -including healthy eating and sufficient physical activity- is key for cardiometabolic health. A health-promoting environment can facilitate a healthy lifestyle, and may be especially helpful to reach individuals with a lower socio-economic status (SES). In the Supreme Nudge project, we will study the effects of pricing and nudging strategies in the supermarket – one of the most important point-of-choice settings for food choices – and of a context-specific mobile physical activity promotion app. This paper describes the stepwise and theory-based design of Supreme Nudge, which aims to develop, implement and evaluate environmental changes for a sustained impact on lifestyle behaviours and cardiometabolic health in low SES adults. Methods Supreme Nudge uses a multi-disciplinary and mixed methods approach, integrating participatory action research, qualitative interviews, experimental pilot studies, and a randomized controlled trial in a real-life (supermarket) setting. First, we will identify the needs, characteristics and preferences of the target group as well as of the participating supermarket chain. Second, we will conduct a series of pilot studies to test novel, promising and feasible intervention components. Third, a final selection of intervention components will be implemented in a full-scale randomised controlled supermarket trial. Approximately 1000 low SES adults will be recruited across 8–12 supermarkets and randomised at supermarket level to receive 1) no intervention (control); 2) environmental nudges such as food product placement or promotion; 3) nudges and a tailored physical activity app that provides time- and context specific feedback; 4) pricing interventions, nudges, and the physical activity app. The effects on dietary behaviours and physical activity will be evaluated at 3, 6 and 12 months, and on cardiometabolic health at 6 and 12 months. Finally, we will evaluate the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) of the intervention, and we will use insights from System Innovation and Transition Management theories to define the best strategies for implementation and upscaling beyond the study period. Discussion The Supreme Nudge project is likely to generate thorough evidence relevant for policy and practice on the effects of a mixed method and multi-disciplinary intervention targeting dietary behaviours and physical activity. Trial registration The real-life trial has been registered on 30 May 2018, NTR7302.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke de Boer
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Boris Brandhorst
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam School of Communication Research ASCoR, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline E W Broerse
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan de Bruijn
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam School of Communication Research ASCoR, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerda Feunekes
- Netherlands Nutrition Centre, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Gillebaart
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Harbers
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jody Hoenink
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel Klein
- Department of Computer Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cédric Middel
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise T D de Ridder
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivonne Sluijs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tjerk Jan Schuitmaker
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wilma Waterlander
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research institute, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Brug
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam School of Communication Research ASCoR, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sescousse G, Ligneul R, van Holst RJ, Janssen LK, de Boer F, Janssen M, Berry AS, Jagust WJ, Cools R. Spontaneous eye blink rate and dopamine synthesis capacity: preliminary evidence for an absence of positive correlation. Eur J Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29514419 PMCID: PMC5969266 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is central to a number of cognitive functions and brain disorders. Given the cost of neurochemical imaging in humans, behavioural proxy measures of dopamine have gained in popularity in the past decade, such as spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR). Increased sEBR is commonly associated with increased dopamine function based on pharmacological evidence and patient studies. Yet, this hypothesis has not been validated using in vivo measures of dopamine function in humans. To fill this gap, we measured sEBR and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity using [18F]DOPA PET in 20 participants (nine healthy individuals and 11 pathological gamblers). Our results, based on frequentist and Bayesian statistics, as well as region‐of‐interest and voxel‐wise analyses, argue against a positive relationship between sEBR and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. They show that, if anything, the evidence is in favour of a negative relationship. These results, which complement findings from a recent study that failed to observe a relationship between sEBR and dopamine D2 receptor availability, suggest that caution and nuance are warranted when interpreting sEBR in terms of a proxy measure of striatal dopamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sescousse
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Romain Ligneul
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J van Holst
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieneke K Janssen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Femke de Boer
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Social, Health, and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Janssen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne S Berry
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roshan Cools
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|