1
|
Ali S, Battaglini Franco B, Theodoro Rezende V, Gabriel Dionisio Freire L, Lima de Paiva E, Clara Fogacio Haikal M, Leme Guerra E, Eliana Rosim R, Gustavo Tonin F, Savioli Ferraz I, Antonio Del Ciampo L, Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira C. Exposure assessment of children to dietary mycotoxins: A pilot study conducted in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114087. [PMID: 38395556 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to mycotoxins through food is a major health concern, especially for youngsters. This study performed a preliminary investigation on children's exposure to dietary mycotoxins in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Sampling procedures were conducted between August and December 2022, to collect foods (N = 213) available for consumption in the households of children (N = 67), including preschoolers (aged 3-6 years, n = 21), schoolers (aged 7-10 years, n = 15), and adolescents (aged 11-17 years, n = 31) cared in the Vila Lobato Community Social Medical Center of Ribeirão Preto. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to determine concentrations of the mycotoxins in foods. Mycotoxins measured in all foods comprised aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA). Higher incidence and levels were found for FBs, ZEN, and DON in several commonly consumed foods. Furthermore, 32.86 % foods had two to four quantifiable mycotoxins in various combinations. The mean estimated daily intake (EDI) values were lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for AFs, FBs, and ZEN, but higher than the TDI (1.0 µg/kg bw/day) for DON, hence indicating a health risk for all children age groups. Preschoolers and adolescents were exposed to DON through wheat products (EDIs: 2.696 ± 7.372 and 1.484 ± 2.395 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day, respectively), while schoolers were exposed through wheat products (EDI: 1.595 ± 1.748 µg/kg bw/day) and rice (EDI: 1.391 ± 1.876 µg/kg bw/day). The results indicate that wheat-based foods and rice may be risky to children, implying the need for stringent measures to avoid DON contamination in these products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP)-Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Battaglini Franco
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP)-Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Theodoro Rezende
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) -Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel Dionisio Freire
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP)-Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Esther Lima de Paiva
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP)-Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Fogacio Haikal
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP)-Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloiza Leme Guerra
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP)-Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Roice Eliana Rosim
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP)-Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gustavo Tonin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP)-Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan Savioli Ferraz
- Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Medical School at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP)-Ribeirão Preto, 14051-200, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Del Ciampo
- Department of Puericulture and Pediatrics, Medical School at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP)-Ribeirão Preto, 14051-200, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP)-Fernando Costa Campus, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali S, Freire LGD, Rezende VT, Noman M, Ullah S, Abdullah, Badshah G, Afridi MS, Tonin FG, de Oliveira CAF. Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Foods: Unraveling the Knowledge Gaps on Their Persistence in Food Production Systems. Foods 2023; 12:4314. [PMID: 38231751 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, the intricate issue about the occurrence levels of mycotoxins in foods is discussed aiming to underline the main knowledge gaps on the persistence of these toxicants in the food production system. Mycotoxins have been a key challenge to the food industry, economic growth, and consumers' health. Despite a breadth of studies over the past decades, the persistence of mycotoxins in foods remain an overlooked concern that urges exploration. Therefore, we aimed to concisely underline the matter and provide possible biochemical and metabolic details that can be relevant to the food sector and overall public health. We also stress the application of computational modeling, high-throughput omics, and high-resolution imaging approaches, which can provide insights into the structural and physicochemical characteristics and the metabolic activities which occur in a stored cereal grain's embryo and endosperm and their relationship with storage fungi and mycotoxins on a cellular level. In addition, there is a need for extensive collaborative network and funding, which will play a key role in finding effective solutions against the persistence of mycotoxins at the genetic and molecular to metabolic levels in the food system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel Dionisio Freire
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Theodoro Rezende
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar (AUP), Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gul Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81530-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gustavo Tonin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva TM, Waked D, Bastos AC, Gomes GL, Veras Closs JG, Tonin FG, Rossignolo JA, do Valle Marques K, Veras MM. A custom, low-cost, continuous flow chamber built for experimental Sargassum seaweed decomposition and exposure of small rodents to generated gaseous products. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18787. [PMID: 37636446 PMCID: PMC10448417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2011, Sargassum events have increased in frequency along the Caribbean and Atlantic coasts. The accumulation and decomposition of large amounts of Sargassum seaweed on beaches pose socio-economic, ecological, and health risks due to the emission of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane, and ammonia. However, limited research exists on the emission processes and the health effects of subchronic and chronic exposure to low levels of H2S. Additionally, the absence of emission factor data for Sargassum decomposition on-site makes health risk assessments challenging. This study aimed to create a custom chamber to simulate real-world Sargassum decomposition, exposing experimental animals to the generated gases. Metal content was analyzed, and emission rates were estimated in a controlled environment. The decomposition-exposure system replicated reported environmental gas emissions from the Caribbean region, except for NH3. H2S bursts were observed during the decomposition process at intervals of 2-10 days, with higher frequency associated with larger masses of decomposing Sargassum. The decomposed gas was transferred to the exposure chamber, resulting in an 80-87% reduction in H2S concentration. The maximum H2S emission was 156 ppm, with a concentration ranging from 50.4 to 56.5 ppm. An estimated emission rate of 7-8 g/h for H2S was observed, and significant levels of lead, arsenic, and aluminum were found in beached Sargassum from the northeast coast of Brazil. This study's developed model provides an opportunity to investigate the effects and risks to human health associated with exposure to gases produced during the environmental decomposition of Sargassum seaweed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Moraes Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05- LPAE), Hospital Das Clínicas Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dunia Waked
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05- LPAE), Hospital Das Clínicas Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Bastos
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05- LPAE), Hospital Das Clínicas Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Leandro Gomes
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05- LPAE), Hospital Das Clínicas Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Veras Closs
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05- LPAE), Hospital Das Clínicas Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gustavo Tonin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - João Adriano Rossignolo
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05- LPAE), Hospital Das Clínicas Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rossignolo JA, Felicio Peres Duran AJ, Bueno C, Martinelli Filho JE, Savastano Junior H, Tonin FG. Algae application in civil construction: A review with focus on the potential uses of the pelagic Sargassum spp. biomass. J Environ Manage 2022; 303:114258. [PMID: 34915304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic Sargassum, usually found at the Sargasso Sea and the Western portion of the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, has been detected in many new locations through the tropical Atlantic. The huge biomass found from the African coast to the Caribbean was called the Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt and is responsible for the stranding of tons of algae on coastal regions. Despite the environmental, social, and economic impacts, sargassum is a valuable source for multiple uses at the industry, such as alginates, cosmetics, recycled paper and bioplastics, fertilizers, and as raw material for civil construction. This work presents a systematic literature review on the use of algae at the civil construction sector, with a focus on the valorization of the pelagic Sargassum spp. biomass, by identifying the potential applications related to the use of other algal species. The review considered other genera of marine algae and marine angiosperms, resulting in a total of 31 selected articles. The marine grass Posidonia oceanica was the most used species, found in eight published papers, followed by the red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii with four studies. Two articles were available on the use of pelagic Sargassum spp. (S. fluitans and S.natans) for construction materials (adobe and pavement), with potential good results. The literature presented results from the use of marine algae and sea grasses for particleboards, polymeric and cemented composites, adobe, pavement, facades, and roofs. This article provides a state-of-the-art review of algal application in the civil construction sector and points out the main directions for the potentialities on the insertion of the Sargassum spp. biomass into the production chain of the sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Adriano Rossignolo
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil.
| | - Afonso José Felicio Peres Duran
- Post-Graduation Program in Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bueno
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Martinelli Filho
- Biological Oceanography Laboratory (LOB), Marine Environmental Monitoring Laboratory (LAPMAR), Brazil; Center for Advanced Biodiversity Studies, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Brazil
| | - Holmer Savastano Junior
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Fernando Gustavo Tonin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Cristina Sass D, Vincenzi Jager A, Gustavo Tonin F, Naira Zambelli Ramalho L, Silva Ramalho F, Gomes Constantino M, Augusto Fernandes Oliveira C. Methods for chemical preparation of aflatoxin B1adducts, AFB1-N7-guanine and AFB1-lysine. TOXIN REV 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2013.852110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
7
|
da Costa JL, Tonin FG, Zanolli LA, da Matta Chasin AA, Tavares MFM. Simple method for determination of cocaine and main metabolites in urine by CE coupled to MS. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:2238-44. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Micke GA, Fujiya NM, Tonin FG, de Oliveira Costa AC, Tavares MFM. Method development and validation for isoflavones in soy germ pharmaceutical capsules using micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:1625-32. [PMID: 16631335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The separation of six soy isoflavones (Glycitein, Daidzein, Genistein, Daidzin, Glycitin and Genistin) was approached by a 3(2) factorial design studying MEKC electrolyte components at the following levels: methanol (MeOH; 0-10%) and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS; 20-70 mmol L(-1)); sodium tetraborate buffer (STB) concentration was kept constant at 10 mmol L(-1). Nine experiments were performed and the apparent mobility of each isoflavone was computed as a function of the electrolyte composition. A novel response function (RF) was formulated based on the production of the mobility differences, mobility of the first and last eluting peaks and the electrolyte conductance. The inspection of the response surface indicated an optimum electrolyte composition as 10 mmol L(-1) STB (pH 9.3) containing 40 mmol L(-1) SDS and 1% MeOH promoting baseline separation of all isoflavones in less than 7.5 min. The proposed method was applied to the determination of total isoflavones in soy germ capsules from four different pharmaceutical laboratories. A 2h extraction procedure with 80% (v/v) MeOH under vortexing at room temperature was employed. Peak assignment of unknown isoflavones in certain samples was assisted by hydrolysis procedures, migration behavior and UV spectra comparison. Three malonyl isoflavone derivatives were tentatively assigned. A few figures of merit for the proposed method include: repeatability (n=6) better than 0.30% CV (migration time) and 1.7% CV (peak area); intermediate precision (n=18) better than 6.2% CV (concentration); recoveries at two concentration levels, 20 and 50 microg mL(-1), varied from 99.1 to 103.6%. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 1.6-50 microg mL(-1) (r(2)>0.9999) with LOQ varying from 0.67 to 1.2 microg mL(-1). The capsules purity varied from 93.3 to 97.6%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Amadeu Micke
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 26077, 05513-970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
In this work, the separation of eleven food dyes was evaluated by MEKC in electrolytes composed of tetraborate (TBS), Brij 35, and acetonitrile (ACN) using a factorial design at the following levels: TBS concentration (5 and 10 mmol L(-1)), pH (9.5 and 10.1), Brij concentration (5 and 20 mmol L(-1)), and ACN (5 and 15%). Several response functions were evaluated and indicated 10 mmol L(-1) TBS (pH 10.1), 15% ACN, and 20 mmol L(-1) Brij 35 as best values. However, baseline resolution was not achieved (R(cp) = 0.76) and the method lacked robustness. New conditions were sought by studying the dye mobility versus Brij concentration (5-20 mmol L(-1)). A set of well resolved and more uniformly spaced peaks was obtained with an electrolyte consisting of 7.5 mmol L(-1) TBS (pH 10.1), 10 mmol L(-1) Brij, and 15% ACN. Under these new conditions, complete resolution of the 11 dyes was achieved in less than 9 min. Migration time and peak area repeatabilities were better than 1.6% and 5% CV and the LODs were 0.47 to 2.3 microg mL(-1). The methodology was applied to fruit juice powders, lollipops, and other hard and soft chewable treats.
Collapse
|