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da Rocha MJ, Presa MH, Nunes GD, Zuge NP, Pires CS, Besckow EM, Gomes CS, Dapper LH, Lenardão EJ, Penteado F, Bortolatto CF, Brüning CA. 1-(Phenylselanyl)-2-(p-tolyl)indolizine: A selenoindolizine with potential antidepressant-like activity in mice mediated by the modulation of dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148904. [PMID: 38561086 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
1-(Phenylselanyl)-2-(p-tolyl)indolizine (MeSeI) is a selenoindolizine with an antidepressant-like effect in mice by regulation of the serotonergic system. This study investigated the involvement of dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the antidepressant-like action of MeSeI. For this purpose, Swiss male mice were pretreated with different antagonists, after 15 min, the MeSeI was administrated by intragastric (i.g.) via; after 30 min, the mouse behavior was assessed in the forced swimming test (FST). The action of MeSeI on the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) was determined. The pretreatment of mice with haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, i.p.; non-selective dopamine receptor antagonist), sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p.; D2 receptor antagonist), yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.p.; α2 receptor antagonist), and propranolol (2 mg/kg, i.p.; non-selective β receptor antagonist), inhibited the anti-immobility action of MeSeI (50 mg/kg, i.g.) in the FST. This blocking effect was not observed when SCH23390 (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.; D1 receptor antagonist), and prazosin (1 mg/kg, i.p.; α1 receptor antagonist) were administered. The coadministration of subeffective doses of bupropion (3 mg/kg. i.g.; dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor) and MeSeI (0.5 mg/kg. i.g.) reduced the immobility time in the FST. Furthermore, MeSeI inhibited MAO-A and B activities in vitro and ex vivo tests. These results suggest that MeSeI exerts its antidepressant-like effect via regulation of the D2, α2, and β1 receptors and the inhibition of MAO-A and B activities. Molecular docking investigations corroborated these results. This study provides comprehensive insights into the antidepressant-like mechanism of MeSeI in mice, suggesting its potential as a novel antidepressant candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Juciele da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Heinemann Presa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D'Avila Nunes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil
| | - Narryman Pinto Zuge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil
| | - Camila Simões Pires
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Mianes Besckow
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Signorini Gomes
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Graduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Dapper
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Graduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Graduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil.
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS 96010‑900, Brazil.
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Garcia CS, da Rocha MJ, Presa MH, Pires CS, Besckow EM, Penteado F, Gomes CS, Lenardão EJ, Bortolatto CF, Brüning CA. Exploring the antioxidant potential of chalcogen-indolizines throughout in vitro assays. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17074. [PMID: 38500528 PMCID: PMC10946399 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are highly reactive molecules produced naturally by the body and by external factors. When these species are generated in excessive amounts, they can lead to oxidative stress, which in turn can cause cellular and tissue damage. This damage is known to contribute to the aging process and is associated with age-related conditions, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the development of compounds with antioxidant potential to assist in the treatment of disorders related to oxidative stress. In this way, compounds containing sulfur (S) and/or selenium (Se) have been considered promising due to the relevant role of these elements in the biosynthesis of antioxidant enzymes and essential proteins with physiological functions. In this context, studies involving heterocyclic nuclei have significantly increased, notably highlighting the indolizine nucleus, given that compounds containing this nucleus have been demonstrating considerable pharmacological properties. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of eight S- and Se-derivatives containing indolizine nucleus and different substituents. The in vitro assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) scavenger activity, ferric ion (Fe3+) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and protein carbonylation (PC) were used to access the antioxidant profile of the compounds. Our findings demonstrated that all the compounds showed FRAP activity and reduced the levels of TBARS and PC in mouse brains homogenates. Some compounds were also capable of acting as DPPH scavengers. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that eight novel organochalcogen compounds exhibit antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleisson Schossler Garcia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcia Juciele da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Heinemann Presa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Simões Pires
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Mianes Besckow
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Signorini Gomes
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences Center (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Castro ET, Alves AG, de Bittencourt Maia D, Magalhães LS, Paim MP, Penteado F, Gomes CS, Lenardão EJ, Brüning CA, Bortolatto CF. Bioactivity of selenium-containing pyridinium salts: Prospecting future pharmaceutical constituents to treat liver diseases involving oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23535. [PMID: 37711070 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Redox imbalance leads to oxidative stress that causes irreversible cellular damage. The incorporation of the antioxidant element selenium (Se) in the structure of pyridinium salts has been used as a strategy in chemical synthesis and can be useful in drug development. We investigated the antioxidant activity of Se-containing pyridinium salts (named Compounds 3A, 3B, and 3C) through in vitro tests. We focused our study on liver protein carbonylation, liver lipoperoxidation, free radical scavenging activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil [DPPH]; 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid [ABTS]), and enzyme-mimetic activity assays (glutathione S-transferase [GST]-like; superoxide dismutase [SOD]-like). In addition, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-2-((phenylselanyl)methyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide (3C) was selected to evaluate the acute oral toxicity in mice due to the best antioxidant profile. The three compounds were effective in reducing the levels of protein carbonylation and lipoperoxidation in the liver in a µM concentration range. All compounds demonstrated scavenger activity of DPPH and ABTS radicals, and GST-like action. No significant effects were detected in the SOD-like assay. Experimental data also showed that the acute oral treatment of mice with Compound 3C (50 and 300 mg/kg) did not cause mortality or change markers of liver and kidney functions. In summary, our findings reveal the antioxidant potential of Se-containing pyridinium salts in liver tissue, which could be related to their radical scavenging ability and mimetic action on the GST enzyme. They also demonstrate a low toxicity potential for Compound 3C. Together, the promising results open space for future studies on the therapeutic application of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ediandra T Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Amália G Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Bittencourt Maia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Larissa S Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Paim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Caroline S Gomes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química (PPGQ), Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa (LASOL), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - César A Brüning
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cristiani F Bortolatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular (LABIONEM), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
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Anghinoni JM, Ferreira SS, Piquini PC, Iglesias BA, Perin G, Penteado F, Lenardão EJ. Visible Light and Triselenium Dicyanide (TSD): New Horizons in the Synthesis of Organic Selenocyanates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301934. [PMID: 37544915 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a new method for the synthesis of α-carbonyl selenocyanates by reacting triselenium dicyanide (TSD) and styrenes under blue light irradiation and O2 atmosphere. The reactions are triggered by the formation of Se-centered radical species, followed by the addition/oxidation of the styrene π-bond. α-Carbonyl selenocyanates and α-hydroxy selenocyanates were obtained in moderate to excellent yields from aryl- and alkyl-substituted alkenes, respectively. It was demonstrated that α-carbonyl selenocyanates could be used as a synthetic platform in a multicomponent reaction strategy to prepare 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives, which were evaluated for their photophysical properties. Overall, this new method provides a useful tool for synthesizing α-carbonyl selenocyanates, and demonstrates their potential for use in the synthesis of other compounds, thus giving new synthetic opportunities to construct organic selenocyanate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Anghinoni
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina S Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Piquini
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, Building 13, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo A Iglesias
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, Building 18, 97105-340, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, Building 18, 97105-340, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P. O. box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Bartz RH, Silva KB, Santos RRSA, Peglow TJ, Lenardão EJ, Iglesias BA, Penteado F, Perin G, Jacob R. Visible light‐triggered radical annulation of ortho‐thioaryl ynones: A general approach to prepare 3‐sulfenylthiochromones. ChemCatChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202201557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- UFSM: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas – CCNE Av. Roraima 97105-340 Santa Maria BRAZIL
| | | | - Gelson Perin
- UFPEL: Universidade Federal de Pelotas CCQFA BRAZIL
| | - Raquel Jacob
- UFPEL: Universidade Federal de Pelotas CCQFA Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos-CCQFA - P. O. box 354 96010-900 Pelotas BRAZIL
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da Rocha MJ, Pires CS, Presa MH, Besckow EM, Nunes GD, Gomes CS, Penteado F, Lenardão EJ, Bortolatto CF, Brüning CA. Involvement of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant-like effect of 1-(phenylselanyl)-2-(p-tolyl)indolizine in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:373-389. [PMID: 36645465 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depression is a mental disorder that affects approximately 280 million people worldwide. In the search for new treatments for mood disorders, compounds containing selenium and indolizine derivatives show promising results. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of 1-(phenylselanyl)-2-(p-tolyl)indolizine (MeSeI) (0.5-50 mg/kg, intragastric-i.g.) on the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test (FST) in adult male Swiss mice and to elucidate the role of the serotonergic system in this effect through pharmacological and in silico approaches, as well to evaluate acute oral toxicity at a high dose (300 mg/kg). RESULTS MeSeI administered 30 min before the FST and the TST reduced immobility time at doses from 1 mg/kg and at 50 mg/kg and increased the latency time for the first episode of immobility, demonstrating an antidepressant-like effect. In the open field test (OFT), MeSeI did not change the locomotor activity. The antidepressant-like effect of MeSeI (50 mg/kg, i.g.) was prevented by the pre-treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), a selective tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally-i.p. for 4 days), with ketanserin, a 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and with GR113808, a 5-HT4 receptor antagonist (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), but not with WAY100635, a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (0.1 mg/kg, subcutaneous-s.c.) and ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (1 mg/kg, i.p.). MeSeI showed a binding affinity with 5-HT2A, 5 -HT2C, and 5-HT4 receptors by molecular docking. MeSeI (300 mg/kg, i.g.) demonstrated low potential to cause acute toxicity in adult female Swiss mice. CONCLUSION In summary, MeSeI exhibits an antidepressant-like effect mediated by the serotonergic system and could be considered for the development of new treatment strategies for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Juciele da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Simões Pires
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Heinemann Presa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Mianes Besckow
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D'Avila Nunes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Signorini Gomes
- Clean Organic Synthesis Laboratory (LASOL), Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Clean Organic Synthesis Laboratory (LASOL), Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Clean Organic Synthesis Laboratory (LASOL), Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão Do Leão Campus, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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Anghinoni JM, Ferreira SS, Schumacher RF, Iglesias BA, Perin G, Penteado F, Lenardao EJ. Arylseleninic acid derivatives decomposition towards Se(II)-based electrophiles: an elegant approach to construct 3-selanyl- imidazopyridines. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj06086h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Benzeneseleninic acid (BSA) derivatives were used as an alternative, but extremelly useful, source of Se(II)-based electrophiles, generated in situ by thermal decomposition, to construct C-Se bonds, accessing 3-selanylimidazopyridines after reaction...
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Abenante L, Quadros GT, Perin G, Santi C, Penteado F, Lenardao EJ. Visible Light Mediated Photocatalytic Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Oxazole‐5‐carbaldehydes Promoted by Benzeneseleninic Acid. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudio Santi
- University of Perugia: Universita degli Studi di Perugia Dept Pharmaceutical Sciences BRAZIL
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Birmann PT, Casaril AM, Abenante L, Penteado F, Brüning CA, Savegnago L, Lenardão EJ. Neuropharmacology of Organoselenium Compounds in Mental Disorders and Degenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2022; 30:2357-2395. [PMID: 35708081 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220615124412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and mental disorders are a public health burden with pharmacological treatments of limited efficacy. Organoselenium compounds are receiving great attention in medicinal chemistry mainly because of their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, with a multi-target profile that can favor the treatment of multifactorial diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss recent preclinical studies about organoselenium compounds as therapeutic agents for the management of mental (e.g., depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis). We have summarized around 70 peer-reviewed articles from 2016 to the present that used in silico, in vitro, and/or in vivo approaches to assess the neuropharmacology of selenium-containing compounds. Among the diversity of organoselenium molecules investigated in the last five years, diaryl diselenides, Ebselen-derivatives, and Se-containing heterocycles are the most representative. Ultimately, this review is expected to provide disease-oriented information regarding the neuropharmacology of organoselenium compounds that can be useful for the design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of novel bioactive molecules that can potentially be clinically viable candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma T Birmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia - GPN, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela M Casaril
- Department of Symptom Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Laura Abenante
- Lab. de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. box 354 - 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Lab. de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. box 354 - 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Escola de Química e Alimentos , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - César A Brüning
- Lab. de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular - LABIONEM, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel - 96010-900, Pelotas
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGBiotec), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia - GPN, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Lab. de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. box 354 - 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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10
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Garcia CS, Besckow EM, da Silva Espíndola CN, D’Avila Nunes G, Zuge NP, de Azeredo MP, Rocha MJD, Carraro Junior LR, Penteado F, Gomes CS, Lenardão EJ, Bortolatto CF, Brüning CA. Antidepressant-Like Effect of a Selenoindolizine in Mice: In Vivo and In Silico Evidence for the Involvement of the Serotonergic 5-HT 2A/C Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1746-1755. [PMID: 35605134 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoaminergic dysfunction plays a central role in major depressive disorder (MDD), a mental disturbance associated with constant feeling of sadness and lack of interest. The available treatments do not present a desirable efficacy and some of them provoke several adverse effects. In this context, organoselenium compounds and molecules containing the indolizine nucleus have demonstrated interesting pharmacological properties, including antidepressant-like effects. In this study, the antidepressant-like effect of 2-phenyl-1-(phenylselanyl)indolizine (SeI), a selenium-containing indolizine derivative, was investigated on the forced swimming test (FST) and on the tail suspension test (TST) in male Swiss mice. The involvement of the serotonergic system in this effect was also accessed. The selenium compound SeI (10-100 mg/kg, intragastrical (i.g.)) was administered 0.5 h before the behavioral tests, and it diminished the immobility on both FST and TST experiments, which is an indication of antidepressant-like effect. No changing in the locomotor motion was observed in the open-field test (OFT). The anti-immobility effect of SeI was not altered by the preadministration of the selective serotonergic receptor antagonists ondansetron (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.), antagonist of 5-HT3 receptor) and WAY100635 (0.1 mg/kg, subcutaneous route (s.c.), antagonist of 5-HT1A receptor). In contrast, the preadministration of ketanserin (1 mg/kg, i.p., antagonist of 5-HT2A/C receptor) blocked this effect, demonstrating that the antidepressant-like effect of SeI involves 5-HT2A/C. In addition, molecular docking studies showed a strong interaction between SeI and the receptors of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C. The toxicological results demonstrated that SeI has low potential to cause adverse effects in mice. It was found that the antidepressant-like effect of SeI is related to modulation of the serotonergic system, and this selenium compound could be included in new treatment approaches for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleisson Schossler Garcia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Mianes Besckow
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Natã da Silva Espíndola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D’Avila Nunes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Narryman Pinto Zuge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pizzatto de Azeredo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia Juciele da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Carraro Junior
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Signorini Gomes
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis (LASOL), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Neuropharmacology (LABIONEM), Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting (PPGBBio), Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), P.O. Box, 354, Pelotas, 96010-900 RS, Brazil
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11
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Perin G, Peglow TJ, Penteado F, Nobre PC, Silva KB, Stach G, Barcellos T, Lenardão EJ, Roehrs JA. UVA Light-promoted Catalyst-free Cyclization of Vinyl Selenides: Green and Efficient Synthesis of C3-Unsubstituted 2-Selanyl Benzochalcogenophenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101394. [PMID: 35294794 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A metal- and catalyst-free photo-promoted cyclization of properly substituted vinyl selenides was developed using UVA irradiation. A total of eighteen new C3-unsubstituted 2-selanyl benzochalcogenophenes (benzofurans, benzothiophenes and benzoselenophenes) were prepared in 30-86% yield after irradiation with UVA at room temperature. The usefulness of the title compounds was demonstrated in the easy functionalization of the remaining free C-H bond of the benzochalcogenophenes to form new C-Se and C-Br bonds by simple procedures. Furthermore, the reaction can be performed under natural sunlight irradiation and the solvent is easily reused further in several subsequent runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Peglow
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrick C Nobre
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Krigor B Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Stach
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Universidade de Caxias do Sul-UCS, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano A Roehrs
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense-IFSul, 96015-360, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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12
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Goulart HA, Araujo DR, Penteado F, Jacob RG, Perin G, Lenardão EJ. Recent Advances in the Oxone-Mediated Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:7523. [PMID: 34946605 PMCID: PMC8705989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxone is a commercially available oxidant, composed of a mixture of three inorganic species, being the potassium peroxymonosulfate (KHSO5) the reactive one. Over the past few decades, this cheap and environmentally friendly oxidant has become a powerful tool in organic synthesis, being extensively employed to mediate the construction of a plethora of important compounds. This review summarizes the recent advances in the Oxone-mediated synthesis of N-, O- and chalcogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, through a wide diversity of reactions, starting from several kinds of substrate, highlighting the main synthetic differences, advantages, the scope and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (H.A.G.); (D.R.A.); (F.P.); (R.G.J.)
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil; (H.A.G.); (D.R.A.); (F.P.); (R.G.J.)
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13
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Penteado F, Monti B, Sancineto L, Perin G, Jacob RG, Santi C, Lenardão EJ. Corrigendum: Ultrasound‐Assisted Multicomponent Reactions, Organometallic and Organochalcogen Chemistry. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Hellwig PS, Peglow TJ, Penteado F, Bagnoli L, Perin G, Lenardão EJ. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Selenophenes and Their Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:E5907. [PMID: 33322179 PMCID: PMC7764687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenophene derivatives are an important class of selenium-based heterocyclics. These compounds play an important role in prospecting new drugs, as well as in the development of new light-emitting materials. During the last years, several methods have been emerging to access the selenophene scaffold, employing a diversity of cyclization-based synthetic strategies, involving specific reaction partners and particularities. This review presents a comprehensive discussion on the recent advances in the synthesis of selenophene-based compounds, starting from different precursors, highlighting the main differences, the advantages, and limitations among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S. Hellwig
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Thiago J. Peglow
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Luana Bagnoli
- Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
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15
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Penteado F, Bettanin L, Machado K, Perin G, Alves D, Lenardão EJ. Sonochemistry and Copper Catalysis: An Efficient Duo in the Synthesis of Chalcogenylindolizines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Luana Bettanin
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Kethelyn Machado
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
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16
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Penteado F, Gomes CS, Monzon LI, Perin G, Silveira CC, Lenardão EJ. Photocatalytic Synthesis of 3-Sulfanyl- and 1,3-Bis(sulfanyl)indolizines Mediated by Visible Light. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Caroline S. Gomes
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Loana I. Monzon
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Claudio C. Silveira
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM; CEP: 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos; Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. box 354 CEP: 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
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17
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Abenante L, Padilha NB, Anghinoni JM, Penteado F, Rosati O, Santi C, Silva MS, Lenardão EJ. Arylseleninic acid as a green, bench-stable selenylating agent: synthesis of selanylanilines and 3-selanylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5210-5217. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
C–Se bonds in electron-rich arenes are easily formed by the reaction of bench-stable arylseleninic acids as an electrophilic selenium source. The only waste in the reaction is water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abenante
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
| | | | - João M. Anghinoni
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Ornelio Rosati
- Group of Catalysis
- Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
| | - Claudio Santi
- Group of Catalysis
- Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
| | - Marcio S. Silva
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
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18
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Lopes EF, Penteado F, Thurow S, Pinz M, Reis AS, Wilhelm EA, Luchese C, Barcellos T, Dalberto B, Alves D, da Silva MS, Lenardão EJ. Synthesis of Isoxazolines by the Electrophilic Chalcogenation of β,γ-Unsaturated Oximes: Fishing Novel Anti-Inflammatory Agents. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12452-12462. [PMID: 31509698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a new strategy to prepare chalcogen-functionalized isoxazolines. The strategy involves the reaction of β,γ-unsaturated oximes with electrophilic selenium and tellurium species, affording 19 new selenium- and tellurium-containing isoxazolines in good yields after 1 h at room temperature. The method was efficiently extended to the synthesis of 5 new (bis)isoxazoline ditellurides. One of the prepared compounds, 3-phenyl-5-((phenylselanyl)methyl)-isoxazoline, demonstrated better anti-inflammatory and antiedematogenic effects than the reference drug Celecoxib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric F Lopes
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Samuel Thurow
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Mikaela Pinz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica-LaFarBio-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Angelica S Reis
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica-LaFarBio-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Ethel A Wilhelm
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica-LaFarBio-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica-LaFarBio-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products , Universidade de Caxias do Sul-UCS , 95070-560 Caxias do Sul , RS , Brazil
| | - Bianca Dalberto
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Marcio S da Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA , Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel , P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas , RS , Brazil
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Penteado F, Gomes CS, Perin G, Garcia CS, Bortolatto CF, Brüning CA, Lenardão EJ. Regioselective Synthesis of 1-Sulfanyl- and 1-Selanylindolizines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7189-7198. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa—LASOL—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline S. Gomes
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa—LASOL—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa—LASOL—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cleisson S. Garcia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular—LABIONEM—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiani F. Bortolatto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular—LABIONEM—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - César A. Brüning
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Neurofarmacologia Molecular—LABIONEM—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa—LASOL—CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eric F. Lopes
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL - CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Abenante L, Penteado F, Vieira MM, Perin G, Alves D, Lenardão EJ. Ultrasound-enhanced Ag-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling between α-keto acids and disulfides for the synthesis of thioesters. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 49:41-46. [PMID: 30060985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we described the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of thioesters via the Ag-catalyzed radical oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids, in the presence of disulfides. This protocol takes advantage of the sonication to prepare the title compounds in moderate to very good yields, in only 20 min of reaction. The positive effect of ultrasonic irradiation is attributed to both, the high mass transfer efficiency and to the induced radical formation in the reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abenante
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Vieira
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA - Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Penteado F, Monti B, Sancineto L, Perin G, Jacob RG, Santi C, Lenardão EJ. Ultrasound‐Assisted Multicomponent Reactions, Organometallic and Organochalcogen Chemistry. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL –Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas (RS) Brazil
| | - Bonifacio Monti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences –University of Perugia - Via del Liceo, 1 Perugia (PG) Italy
| | - Luca Sancineto
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL –Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas (RS) Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL –Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas (RS) Brazil
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences –University of Perugia - Via del Liceo, 1 Perugia (PG) Italy
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL –Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas (RS) Brazil
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Lenardão E, Perin G, Stach G, Peglow T, Roehrs J, Penteado F, Barcellos T, Jacob R. Synthesis of 2-(Arylselanyl)benzo[b]chalcogenophenes via
Intramolecular Cyclization of Vinyl Selenides. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol to access 2-arylselanylbenzo[b]chalcogenophene derivatives through the Cu(I)-catalyzed annulation of vinyl selenides is described. The key vinyl selenides were easily prepared from properly functionalized 1,1-dibromostyrenes and the method allowed the synthesis of 2-arylselanylfurans, -thiophenes, and -selenophenes in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
| | - Guilherme Stach
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
| | - Thiago Peglow
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
| | - Juliano Roehrs
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Sul-rio-grandense – IFSul
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos - Universidade de Caxias do Sul – UCS
| | - Raquel Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
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Thurow S, Penteado F, Perin G, Alves D, Santi C, Monti B, Schiesser CH, Barcellos T, Lenardão EJ. Selenium dioxide-promoted selective synthesis of mono- and bis-sulfenylindoles. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00360b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Easy access to mono- and bis-sulfenylindoles using the SeO2/I2 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Thurow
- Centro de Ciências Químicas
- Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Centro de Ciências Químicas
- Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Centro de Ciências Químicas
- Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Centro de Ciências Químicas
- Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
- Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Bonifacio Monti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | | | - Thiago Barcellos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul – UCS
- Caxias do Sul
- Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Centro de Ciências Químicas
- Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel
- Pelotas
- Brazil
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Lima DB, Penteado F, Vieira MM, Alves D, Perin G, Santi C, Lenardão EJ. α-Keto Acids as Acylating Agents in the Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles and Benzoselenazoles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Vieira
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Via del Liceo 1 06100 Perugia (PG) Italy
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica - Limpa LASOL; Federal University of Pelotas - UFPel; P. O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas - RS Brazil
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Ricordi VG, Thurow S, Penteado F, Schumacher RF, Perin G, Lenardão EJ, Alves D. Copper-Catalyzed Direct Arylselenation of Anilines by CH Bond Cleavage. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Victoria FN, Anversa R, Penteado F, Castro M, Lenardão EJ, Savegnago L. Antioxidant and antidepressant-like activities of semi-synthetic α-phenylseleno citronellal. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 742:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mendes SR, Thurow S, Fortes MP, Penteado F, Lenardão EJ, Alves D, Perin G, Jacob RG. Synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using silica gel as an efficient and recyclable surface. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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