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Li K, Veen GFC, Ten Hooven FC, Harvey JA, van der Putten WH. Soil legacy effects of plants and drought on aboveground insects in native and range-expanding plant communities. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:37-52. [PMID: 36414536 PMCID: PMC10098829 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soils contain biotic and abiotic legacies of previous conditions that may influence plant community biomass and associated aboveground biodiversity. However, little is known about the relative strengths and interactions of the various belowground legacies on aboveground plant-insect interactions. We used an outdoor mesocosm experiment to investigate the belowground legacy effects of range-expanding versus native plants, extreme drought and their interactions on plants, aphids and pollinators. We show that plant biomass was influenced more strongly by the previous plant community than by the previous summer drought. Plant communities consisted of four congeneric pairs of natives and range expanders, and their responses were not unanimous. Legacy effects affected the abundance of aphids more strongly than pollinators. We conclude that legacies can be contained as soil 'memories' that influence aboveground plant community interactions in the next growing season. These soil-borne 'memories' can be altered by climate warming-induced plant range shifts and extreme drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Li
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Freddy C Ten Hooven
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey A Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Ecological Science, Section Animal Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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van Rijssel SQ, Veen GFC, Koorneef GJ, Bakx-Schotman JMTT, Ten Hooven FC, Geisen S, van der Putten WH. Soil microbial diversity and community composition during conversion from conventional to organic agriculture. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4017-4030. [PMID: 35726521 PMCID: PMC9545909 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that the dependence of conventional agriculture on artificial fertilizers and pesticides strongly impacts the environment, while organic agriculture relying more on microbial functioning may mitigate these impacts. However, it is not well known how microbial diversity and community composition change in conventionally managed farmers' fields that are converted to organic management. Here, we sequenced bacterial and fungal communities of 34 organic fields on sand and marine clay soils in a time series (chronosequence) covering 25 years of conversion. Nearby conventional fields were used as references. We found that community composition of bacteria and fungi differed between organic and conventionally managed fields. In the organic fields, fungal diversity increased with time since conversion. However, this effect disappeared when the conventional paired fields were included. There was a relationship between pH and soil organic matter content and the diversity and community composition of bacteria and fungi. In marine clay soils, when time since organic management increased, fungal communities in organic fields became more dissimilar to those in conventional fields. We conclude that conversion to organic management in these Dutch farmers' fields did not increase microbial community diversity. Instead, we observed that in organic fields in marine clay when time since conversion increased soil fungal community composition became progressively dissimilar from that in conventional fields. Our results also showed that the paired sampling approach of organic and conventional fields was essential in order to control for environmental variation that was otherwise unaccounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Q van Rijssel
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guusje J Koorneef
- Department of Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality; Wageningen University & Research, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J M T Tanja Bakx-Schotman
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy C Ten Hooven
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Meisner A, Jacquiod S, Snoek BL, Ten Hooven FC, van der Putten WH. Drought Legacy Effects on the Composition of Soil Fungal and Prokaryote Communities. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:294. [PMID: 29563897 PMCID: PMC5845876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly acknowledged that climate change is influencing terrestrial ecosystems by increased drought and rainfall intensities. Soil microbes are key drivers of many processes in terrestrial systems and rely on water in soil pores to fulfill their life cycles and functions. However, little is known on how drought and rainfall fluctuations, which affect the composition and structure of microbial communities, persist once original moisture conditions have been restored. Here, we study how simulated short-term drying and re-wetting events shape the community composition of soil fungi and prokaryotes. In a mesocosm experiment, soil was exposed to an extreme drought, then re-wetted to optimal moisture (50% WHC, water holding capacity) or to saturation level (100% WHC). Composition, community structure and diversity of microbes were measured by sequencing ITS and 16S rRNA gene amplicons 3 weeks after original moisture content had been restored. Drying and extreme re-wetting decreased richness of microbial communities, but not evenness. Abundance changes were observed in only 8% of prokaryote OTUs, and 25% of fungal OTUs, whereas all other OTUs did not differ between drying and re-wetting treatments. Two specific legacy response groups (LRGs) were observed for both prokaryotes and fungi. OTUs belonging to the first LRG decreased in relative abundance in soil with a history of drought, whereas OTUs that increased in soil with a history of drought formed a second LRG. These microbial responses were spread among different phyla. Drought appeared to be more important for the microbial community composition than the following extreme re-wetting. 16S profiles were correlated with both inorganic N concentration and basal respiration and ITS profiles correlated with fungal biomass. We conclude that a drying and/or an extreme re-wetting history can persist in soil microbial communities via specific response groups composed of members with broad phylogenetic origins, with possible functional consequences on soil processes and plant species. As a large fraction of OTUs responding to drying and re-wetting belonged to the rare biosphere, our results suggest that low abundant microbial species are potentially important for ecosystem responses to extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelein Meisner
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Sections of Microbiology and Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Basten L Snoek
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Freddy C Ten Hooven
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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