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Paterson JE, Baxter‐Gilbert J, Beaudry F, Carstairs S, Chow‐Fraser P, Edge CB, Lentini AM, Litzgus JD, Markle CE, McKeown K, Moore JA, Refsnider JM, Riley JL, Rouse JD, Seburn DC, Zimmerling JR, Davy CM. Road avoidance and its energetic consequences for reptiles. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9794-9803. [PMID: 31534694 PMCID: PMC6745830 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Roads are one of the most widespread human-caused habitat modifications that can increase wildlife mortality rates and alter behavior. Roads can act as barriers with variable permeability to movement and can increase distances wildlife travel to access habitats. Movement is energetically costly, and avoidance of roads could therefore impact an animal's energy budget. We tested whether reptiles avoid roads or road crossings and explored whether the energetic consequences of road avoidance decreased individual fitness. Using telemetry data from Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii; 11,658 locations of 286 turtles from 15 sites) and eastern massasaugas (Sistrurus catenatus; 1,868 locations of 49 snakes from 3 sites), we compared frequency of observed road crossings and use of road-adjacent habitat by reptiles to expected frequencies based on simulated correlated random walks. Turtles and snakes did not avoid habitats near roads, but both species avoided road crossings. Compared with simulations, turtles made fewer crossings of paved roads with low speed limits and more crossings of paved roads with high speed limits. Snakes made fewer crossings of all road types than expected based on simulated paths. Turtles traveled longer daily distances when their home range contained roads, but the predicted energetic cost was negligible: substantially less than the cost of producing one egg. Snakes with roads in their home range did not travel further per day than snakes without roads in their home range. We found that turtles and snakes avoided crossing roads, but road avoidance is unlikely to impact fitness through energetic expenditures. Therefore, mortality from vehicle strikes remains the most significant impact of roads on reptile populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Paterson
- Environmental and Life Sciences ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
| | - James Baxter‐Gilbert
- Department of Botany and ZoologyCentre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschWestern CapeSouth Africa
| | - Frederic Beaudry
- Environmental Studies and Geology DivisionAlfred UniversityAlfredNYUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chantel E. Markle
- School of Geography and Earth SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | | | | | | | - Julia L. Riley
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschWestern CapeSouth Africa
| | - Jeremy D. Rouse
- Parry Sound District OfficeOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryParry SoundONCanada
| | | | - J. Ryan Zimmerling
- Canadian Wildlife ServiceEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaGatineauQCCanada
| | - Christina M. Davy
- Environmental and Life Sciences ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughONCanada
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring SectionOntario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryPeterboroughONCanada
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Beaudry F, Ferris MC, Pidgeon AM, Radeloff VC. Identifying areas of optimal multispecies conservation value by accounting for incompatibilities between species. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Benoit A, Mustafy T, Londono I, Beaudry F, Vachon P, Grimard G, Aubin CE, Villemure I. Histomorphometry of the newly formed bone after its growth modulation by static and dynamic compression using a rat tail model. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 18 Suppl 1:1884-5. [PMID: 26292155 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1069554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Benoit
- a International Associated Laboratory in Biomechanics of Spine Injuries & Pathologies.,b Ecole Polytechnique, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Succursale Centre Ville , Montreal , Canada.,c St Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center , Montreal , Canada
| | - T Mustafy
- b Ecole Polytechnique, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Succursale Centre Ville , Montreal , Canada.,c St Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center , Montreal , Canada
| | - I Londono
- c St Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center , Montreal , Canada
| | - F Beaudry
- d Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Département de biomédecine vétérinaire , Université de Montréal , Saint-Hyacinthe , Canada
| | - P Vachon
- d Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Département de biomédecine vétérinaire , Université de Montréal , Saint-Hyacinthe , Canada
| | - G Grimard
- c St Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center , Montreal , Canada
| | - C-E Aubin
- a International Associated Laboratory in Biomechanics of Spine Injuries & Pathologies.,b Ecole Polytechnique, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Succursale Centre Ville , Montreal , Canada.,c St Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center , Montreal , Canada
| | - I Villemure
- b Ecole Polytechnique, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Succursale Centre Ville , Montreal , Canada.,c St Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center , Montreal , Canada
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Rialland P, Otis C, de Courval ML, Mulon PY, Harvey D, Bichot S, Gauvin D, Livingston A, Beaudry F, Hélie P, Frank D, del Castillo J, Troncy E. Assessing experimental visceral pain in dairy cattle: A pilot, prospective, blinded, randomized, and controlled study focusing on spinal pain proteomics. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2118-34. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Radeloff VC, Nelson E, Plantinga AJ, Lewis DJ, Helmers D, Lawler JJ, Withey JC, Beaudry F, Martinuzzi S, Butsic V, Lonsdorf E, White D, Polasky S. Economic-based projections of future land use in the conterminous United States under alternative policy scenarios. Ecol Appl 2012; 22:1036-1049. [PMID: 22645830 DOI: 10.1890/11-0306.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Land-use change significantly contributes to biodiversity loss, invasive species spread, changes in biogeochemical cycles, and the loss of ecosystem services. Planning for a sustainable future requires a thorough understanding of expected land use at the fine spatial scales relevant for modeling many ecological processes and at dimensions appropriate for regional or national-level policy making. Our goal was to construct and parameterize an econometric model of land-use change to project future land use to the year 2051 at a fine spatial scale across the conterminous United States under several alternative land-use policy scenarios. We parameterized the econometric model of land-use change with the National Resource Inventory (NRI) 1992 and 1997 land-use data for 844 000 sample points. Land-use transitions were estimated for five land-use classes (cropland, pasture, range, forest, and urban). We predicted land-use change under four scenarios: business-as-usual, afforestation, removal of agricultural subsidies, and increased urban rents. Our results for the business-as-usual scenario showed widespread changes in land use, affecting 36% of the land area of the conterminous United States, with large increases in urban land (79%) and forest (7%), and declines in cropland (-16%) and pasture (-13%). Areas with particularly high rates of land-use change included the larger Chicago area, parts of the Pacific Northwest, and the Central Valley of California. However, while land-use change was substantial, differences in results among the four scenarios were relatively minor. The only scenario that was markedly different was the afforestation scenario, which resulted in an increase of forest area that was twice as high as the business-as-usual scenario. Land-use policies can affect trends, but only so much. The basic economic and demographic factors shaping land-use changes in the United States are powerful, and even fairly dramatic policy changes, showed only moderate deviations from the business-as-usual scenario. Given the magnitude of predicted land-use change, any attempts to identify a sustainable future or to predict the effects of climate change will have to take likely land-use changes into account. Econometric models that can simulate land-use change for broad areas with fine resolution are necessary to predict trends in ecosystem service provision and biodiversity persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Radeloff
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Kuemmerle T, Perzanowski K, Akçakaya HR, Beaudry F, Van Deelen TR, Parnikoza I, Khoyetskyy P, Waller DM, Radeloff VC. Cost-effectiveness of strategies to establish a European bison metapopulation in the Carpathians. J Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Meulyzer M, Vachon P, Beaudry F, Vinardell T, Richard H, Beauchamp G, Laverty S. Joint inflammation increases glucosamine levels attained in synovial fluid following oral administration of glucosamine hydrochloride. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:228-34. [PMID: 18692410 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare synovial glucosamine levels in normal and inflamed equine joints following oral glucosamine administration and to determine whether single dose administration alters standard synovial parameters of inflammation. METHODS Eight adult horses were studied. On weeks 1 and 2, all horses received 20mg/kg glucosamine hydrochloride by nasogastric (NG) intubation or intravenous injection. On weeks 3 and 4, 12h after injection of both radiocarpal joints with 0.25 ng Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation, glucosamine hydrochloride or a placebo was administered by NG intubation. Plasma samples were collected at baseline and 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360, 480 and 720 min after dosing. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected within 48 h before dosing and 1, 6 and 12h post-dosing. Glucosamine was analyzed by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Clinicopathological evaluation of SF parameters included white blood cell (WBC) count and total protein (TP) analyses. RESULTS No significant differences between groups were observed in SF baseline levels of WBC and TP at any stage of the study. SF WBC and TP significantly increased following IA LPS. The mean (+/-SD) maximal SF glucosamine levels (422.3+/-244.8 ng/mL) were significantly higher (>fourfold) in inflamed joints when compared to healthy joints (92.7+/-34.9 ng/mL). Glucosamine did not have any effect on standard SF parameters of inflammation. CONCLUSION Synovial inflammation leads to significantly higher synovial glucosamine concentrations compared to levels attained in healthy joints following oral administration of glucosamine hydrochloride. Whether these higher levels are translated into a therapeutic effect on the joint tissues remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meulyzer
- Département des Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Meulyzer M, Vachon P, Beaudry F, Vinardell T, Richard H, Beauchamp G, Laverty S. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of glucosamine and synovial fluid levels following administration of glucosamine sulphate or glucosamine hydrochloride. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:973-9. [PMID: 18295513 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics of glucosamine and the synovial fluid levels attained following treatment with glucosamine sulphate or glucosamine hydrochloride in a large animal model at clinically relevant doses. METHODS Eight adult female horses were used. Crystalline glucosamine sulphate (Dona) or glucosamine hydrochloride was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg by either intravenous (i.v.) injection or nasogastric (n.g.) intubation. Plasma samples were collected before dosing and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360, 480 and 720 min after dosing. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the radiocarpal joints within 48 h before dosing and at 1, 6 and 12 h post-dosing. Glucosamine was assayed by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). RESULTS Plasma concentrations reached approximately 50 microg/mL after i.v. injection and approximately 1 microg/mL after n.g. administration of both types of glucosamine. The median oral bioavailability was 9.4% for glucosamine sulphate and 6.1% for glucosamine hydrochloride. Synovial fluid concentrations were significantly higher at 1 and 6 h following oral treatment with glucosamine sulphate compared to glucosamine hydrochloride. Twelve hours following oral administration, glucosamine levels in the plasma and the synovial fluid were still significantly higher than baseline for the glucosamine sulphate preparation, but not for the hydrochloride preparation. CONCLUSION Following oral administration of a clinically recommended dose of glucosamine sulphate (Dona), significantly higher synovial fluid concentrations of glucosamine are attained, when compared to an equivalent dose of glucosamine hydrochloride. Whether this difference is translated into a therapeutic effect on the joint tissues remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meulyzer
- Département des sciences cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Lainesse C, Frank D, Beaudry F, Doucet M. Comparative oxidative metabolic profiles of clomipramine in cats, rats and dogs: preliminary results from an in vitro study. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:387-93. [PMID: 17803729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this in vitro study were to describe cytochrome-dependent metabolism of clomipramine in canine and feline microsomes, compare metabolic profiles between cats, rats and dogs, and investigate a potential gender-related difference in metabolic activity between male and female cats. Pooled liver microsomes were incubated with clomipramine, where species and gender-specific reactions were initiated by the addition of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate regenerating system and quenched with methanol at 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, and 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 min respectively. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure clomipramine and its metabolites. Preliminary results showed that cat microsomes biotransformed clomipramine slower and less efficiently than rat and dog microsomes. Moreover, gender differences in metabolic profiles suggested that male cat microsomes may be less efficient demethylators and hydroxylators than female cat microsomes. As gender metabolic differences may carry clinical significance for this antidepressant, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lainesse
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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Lainesse C, Frank D, Beaudry F, Doucet M. Effects of physiological covariables on pharmacokinetic parameters of clomipramine in a large population of cats after a single oral administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2007; 30:116-26. [PMID: 17348896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to confirm an interindividual variability in pharmacokinetic parameters of clomipramine in a large population of cats and to identify potential covariables that would explain the presence of such pharmacokinetic variability after a single dose of Clomicalm. Clomipramine hydrochloride was administered orally according to a weight-dose chart from 0.32 to 0.61 mg/kg, to 76 cats and five blood samples were then taken by direct venipuncture at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Plasma concentrations of clomipramine and desmethylclomipramine (DCMP) were measured by LC-MS/MS. The Standard Two-Stage technique was used to assess differences and detect correlations between pharmacokinetic parameter estimates and individual covariables. A large interindividual variability in all pharmacokinetic parameters (CV% 64-124) was detected. Statistically significant gender-related differences were detected in MR and Cl/F, where female cats had a higher mean MR (0.53) and faster Cl/F (0.36 L/h.kg) than males (0.36 and 0.21 L/h.kg, respectively). No correlation could be found between clomipramine AUC0-24 h or DCMP AUC0-24 h and sedation scores. Further feline studies are required to assess these findings after multiple dosing of clomipramine and DCMP to allow clinical extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lainesse
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Abstract
Eugenol, the principle chemical constituent of clove oil, has recently been evaluated for its anesthetic and analgesic properties in fish and amphibians. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) and anesthetic activity of eugenol in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received single i.v. doses of eugenol (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg) and anesthetic level was evaluated with the withdrawal reflex. For the 20 mg/kg dose level, blood and urinary samples were collected over 1 h for the PK assessment. Plasma and blood concentrations of eugenol, as well as metabolite identification in urine, were determined using a novel dansyl chloride derivatization method with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). PK parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods. Eugenol-induced loss of consciousness in a dose-dependent manner, with mean (+/-SEM) recovery in reflex time of 167 +/- 42 sec observed at the highest dose level. Mean systemic clearance (Cl) in plasma and blood were 157 and 204 mL/min/kg, respectively. Glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were identified in urine. Overall, eugenol produced a reversible, dose-dependent anesthesia in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Guenette
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St Hyacinthe, Canada
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Marier JF, Beaudry F, Ducharme MP, Fortin D, Moreau JP, Massé R, Vachon P. A pharmacokinetic study of amoxycillin in febrile beagle dogs following repeated administrations of endotoxin. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2001; 24:379-83. [PMID: 11903867 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin was studied in nine male beagle dogs under healthy and febrile conditions. In Period 1, dogs received 20 mg/kg of an oral suspension of amoxycillin. Intravenous doses of saline, 2 and 20 microg/kg of endotoxin (LPS from Escherichia coli serotype) were administered to dogs (three per group) prior to administration of 20 mg/kg of amoxycillin in Period 2. Rectal temperature and behavioral changes were recorded and blood samples were collected over 12 h for pharmacokinetic analysis. Amoxycillin was assessed in plasma using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Plasma concentrations were analysed using a one-compartment model with lag-time for absorption using an iterative two-stage method. As compared with control groups, amoxycillin clearance decreased significantly with preliminary treatments of 2 microg/kg endotoxin (0.209 vs. 0.140 L/h kg, P < 0.05) and 20 microg/kg endotoxin (0.214 vs. 0.075 L/h kg, P < 0.05). As a result of this, the area under curve for the 2 and 20 microg/kg endotoxin groups increased significantly 100.4 vs. 149.4 microg h/mL (P < 0.05) and 99.2 vs. 277.7 microg h/mL (P < 0.05), respectively. Other drugs currently used for the treatment of fever and septic shock should be re-evaluated using a febrile animal model to avoid improper dose administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Marier
- MDS Pharma Services, Ville St-Laurent (Montreal), Quebec, Canada H4R 2N6
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Abstract
Reversible attachment to serum proteins plays a significant role in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and a clear understanding of this process is fundamental in the development of the rational use of many therapeutics agents. Over the last few years, it has been demonstrated that immobilized human serum albumin (HSA) could be used to estimate plasma protein binding. A series of 40 structurally unrelated pharmaceutical compounds were chromatographed on an immobilized HSA column in order to construct a protein binding 'calibration curve' and multiple linear regression system. When studying the relationship between the chromatographic retention and the percentage of binding determined in vitro, a good correlation can be observed (r(2) = 0.799) using a wide variety of compounds with different binding affinities (from 0 to 99% binding). Using a quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRR) approach to analysing chromatographic data, the correlation was improved compared to the traditional approach (r(2) = 0.824).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Beaudry
- Advanced Analytical Research and Development Department, Phoenix International Life Sciences, 2350 Cohen, Ville Saint-Laurent, PQ, Canada H4R 2N6
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Abstract
Metabolite profiling is one of the most challenging fields in applied mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize the metabolites of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist containing numerous oxidation sites. Propranolol is extensively metabolized, with most metabolites appearing in urine. Urine samples were collected from young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Structural identification of various metabolites was performed by LC/MS/MS, using a PE SCIEX triple quadrupole instrument (PE SCIEX API 3000). Metabolites were itemized using several LC/MS/MS techniques, including Q3 full scan and precursor and constant neutral loss experiments. A looped experiment technique revealed the presence of mono- and di-hydroxylated metabolites as well as regio isomers of hydroxy- and dihydroxy-propranolol glucuronides and propranolol glucuronic acid. Propranolol glucuronide was not observed, while the presence of dealkylated metabolites was suggested but not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Beaudry
- Advanced Analytical Research and Development Department, Phoenix International Life Sciences Inc., 2350 Cohen Street, St-Laurent, PQ, Canada H4R 2N6
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Beaudry F, Le Blanc JC, Coutu M, Brown NK. In vivo pharmacokinetic screening in cassette dosing experiments; the use of on-line Pprospekt liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry technology in drug discovery. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 1998; 12:1216-1222. [PMID: 9737010 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(19980915)12:17<1216::aid-rcm304>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery is a fast growing field and the number of compounds generated daily by the pharmecutical industry is enormous. The necessity of developing new experimental strategies and analytical methods to rapidly screen the pharmacokinetics (PK) behavior of these compounds becomes a real challenge. A novel strategy to support in vivo PK screening in cassette doing experiments, using a fully automated system capable of analyzing between 320 to 960 samples a day by instrument in n-in-one experiment ( n = 64 in this work), has been developed. Using an on-line extraction technique, the average observed recovery was 64% using a single C18 procedure. A weighted (1/x) linear equation was used to perform standard calibration (0.5 to 500 ng/microL) and the average R value obtained was 0.994 (R2 = 0.997) for 63 analytes. The limit of detection, defined as a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 or greater, was found to be 25 pg for 41 of the 63 analytes (65%) and 250 pg for 57 of the 63 analytes (90%). The complete automation procedure using the Prospekt-LC-APCI/MS/MS system has substantially improved throughput in the area of drug discovery and bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Beaudry
- Advanced Analytical Research and Development Department, Phoenix International Life Sciences, St-Laurent, Canada
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